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Lotus Temple

May 05, 2023

The Lotus Temple, located in New Delhi, India. Is a Bahá'iʼ house of worship that was dedicated in December 1986. Notable for its lotus-like shape, it has become a prominent attraction in the city. Like all Bahá'i houses of worship, the Lotus Temple is open to all, regardless of religion or any other qualification. The building is composed of 27 free-standing marble-clad "petals" arranged in clusters of three to form nine sides,[1] with nine doors opening onto a central hall with a height of slightly over 34 meters[1] and a capacity of 1,300 people.[2] The Lotus Temple has won numerous architectural awards[3][4] and has been featured in many newspaper and magazine articles.[5]

Lotus Temple (Baháʼí House of Worship)
Full view of the Lotus Temple
Location within New Delhi
General information
TypeHouse of Worship
Architectural styleExpressionist
LocationDelhi, India
Coordinates28°33′12″N 77°15′30″E / 28.553328°N 77.258456°E / 28.553328; 77.258456Coordinates: 28°33′12″N 77°15′30″E / 28.553328°N 77.258456°E / 28.553328; 77.258456
Completed13 November 1986; 36 years ago (13 November 1986)
Opened24 December 1986; 36 years ago (24 December 1986)
Height34.27 metres (112.4 ft)
Dimensions
Diameter70 metres (230 ft)
Technical details
Structural systemConcrete frame and precast concrete ribbed roof
Design and construction
Architect(s)Fariborz Sahba
Structural engineerFlint & Neill COWI
Other information
Seating capacity2,500






History

The architect of the Lotus Temple was an Iranian, Fariborz Sahba who now lives in La Jolla, California,[6] after spending some years in Canada.[7] He was approached in 1976 to design the Lotus Temple and later oversaw its construction. The structural design was undertaken by the UK firm Flint and Neill over the course of 18 months,[8] and the construction was done by ECC Construction Group of Larsen & Toubro Limited[9][dead link] at a cost of $10.56 million.[10][11] The major part of the funds needed to buy this land was donated by Ardish Rustamp of Hyderabad, Sindh (Pakistan), whose will dictated that his entire life savings go toward the building of the temple.[12][page needed] A portion of the construction budget was saved and used to build a greenhouse to study indigenous plants and flowers that would be appropriate for use on the site.[13]

Rúhíyyih Khánum laid the foundation stone for the Lotus Temple on October 19, 1977 ,and dedicated the temple on December 4, 1986.[14] For the dedication, there was a gathering of 8,000 Baháʼ' from 107 countries, including some 4,000 Baháʼ' from 22 provinces in India. The temple was opened to the public on January 1, 1987,and more than 10,000 people visited that day.[15]

Worship

The Baháʼí Faith teaches that a Baháʼí House of Worship should be a space for people of all religions to gather, reflect, and worship.[16] Anyone may enter the Lotus Temple irrespective of religious background, gender, or other distinctions, as is the case with all Baháʼí Houses of worship.[16] The sacred writings of not only the Baháʼí Faith but also other religions can be read and/or chanted, regardless of language;[16] on the other hand, reading non-scriptural texts is forbidden, as are delivering sermons or lectures, or fundraising. Musical renditions of readings and prayers can be sung by choirs, but no musical instruments can be played inside. There is no set pattern for worship services, and ritualistic ceremonies are not permitted.[16]

Structure

 
Interior view
 
Interior view of the Ringstone Symbol, set at the top of the temple

All Bahá'i Houses of worship, including the Lotus Temple, share certain architectural elements, some of which are specified by Baháʼí scripture. Abdu'l-Bahá, the son of the founder of the religion, wrote that Baháʼí houses of worship must be nine-sided and circular.[16] While all current Baháʼí Houses of Worship have a dome, this is not regarded as an essential part of their architecture.[14] Baháʼí scripture also states that no pictures, statues or images be displayed within the House of Worship, and no pulpits or altars be incorporated as an architectural feature (readers may stand behind simple portable lecture stands).[16]

27 free-standing marble-clad "petals" arranged in clusters of three to form nine sides make up the design for the House of Worship in New Delhi, which draws inspiration from the lotus flower.[17] The temple's shape has symbolic and inter-religious significance because the lotus is often associated with purity, sacredness, spirituality, and knowledge. It has a spiritual significance in India.[3] The nine doors of the Lotus Temple open onto a central hall 34.3 meters tall[1] that can seat 1,300 people[18] and hold up to 2,500 in all.[2] The temple has a diameter of 70  meters.[19] The surface of the House of Worship is made of white marble from Penteli Mountain in Greece, the same marble used in the construction of many ancient monuments (including the Parthenon[18]) and other Baháʼí buildings.[20] Along with its nine surrounding ponds and gardens, the Lotus Temple property comprises 26 acres (105,000 m2; 10.5 ha).[4] An educational center beside the temple was established in 2017.[21]

The Lotus Temple is situated near Okhla NSIC and Kalkaji Mandir metro station is just 500 meters away.[citation needed] It is in the village of Bahapur in New Delhi the National Capital Territory of Delhi, near Nehru Place.[22]

Of the temple's total electricity use of 500 kilowatts (kW), 120 kW is provided by solar power generated by solar panels on the building.[23] This saves the temple ₹120,000 per month.[23] It is the first temple in Delhi to use solar power.[24]

As is the case with other stone monuments such as the Taj Mahal, the Lotus Temple is becoming discoloured due to air pollution in India. Specifically, the white marble is turning grey and yellow due to pollution from vehicles and manufacturing in the city, among other sources.[25]

Visitors

By late 2001, The Lotus Temple had attracted more than 70 million visitors, according to Manpreet Brar, a CNN reporter.[26] The permanent delegation of India to UNESCO stated that the Lotus Temple had received over 100 million visitors by April 2014.[18]

The Lotus Temple has become a major attraction for people of various religions, with up to 100,000 visitors on some holidays.[3] Estimates for the number of visitors annually range from 2.5 million to 5 million.[3][17][21] Brar stated in 2001 that it was the "most visited building in the world".[26] The Lotus Temple is often listed as one of Delhi's main tourist attractions.[17]

Distinctions

 
One of the nine ponds surrounding the Lotus Temple

The Temple has received a wide range of attention in professional architectural, fine art, religious, governmental, and other venues.

Awards

  • 1987, the architect of the Baháʼí House of Worship, Fariborz Sahba, was presented the award for excellence in religious art and architecture by the UK-based Institution of Structural Engineers for producing a building "so emulating the beauty of a flower and so striking in its visual impact".[27]
  • 1987, the Interfaith Forum on Religion, Art and Architecture, Affiliate of the American Institute of Architects, Washington, D.C., gave their First Honour award for "Excellence in Religious Art and Architecture" 1987 to Fariborz Sahba for the design of the Baháʼí House of Worship near New Delhi.[8]
  • 1988, the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America conferred the Paul Waterbury Special Citation for Outdoor Lighting for the "Taj Mahal of the Twentieth Century"[22]
  • 1989, the Temple received an award from the Maharashtra-India Chapter of the American Concrete Institute for "excellence in a concrete structure".[8]
  • 1994 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica, in its "Architecture" section gives recognition to the Temple as an outstanding achievement of the time.[8]
  • 2000, Architectural Society of China as one of 100 canonical works of the 20th century[17] in "World Architecture 1900-2000: A Critical Mosaic, Volume Eight, South Asia".[5]
  • 2000, GlobArt Academy, based in Vienna, Austria, presented its "GlobArt Academy 2000" award to the architect of the Lotus Temple, Fariborz Sahba, for "the magnitude of the service of [this] Taj Mahal of the 20th century in promoting the unity and harmony of people of all nations, religions and social strata, to an extent unsurpassed by any other architectural monument worldwide."[5][17]

Publications

 
Gardens at the Baháʼí House of Worship
 
Information centre at the Baháʼí House of Worship

Articles

By 2003, the Baháʼí World Centre Library had archived more than 500 publications which carried information on the Lotus Temple in the form of articles, interviews with the architec,t and write-ups extolling the structure.[8] The following are major examples of publications featuring articles on the templ,e listed chronologicall, andwith excerpted quotations:

Books

  • Forever in Bloom: The Lotus of Bahapur, photographs by Raghu Rai and text by Roger White, Time Books International, 1992[29]
  • The Dawning Place of the Remembrance of God, Thomas Press, 2002[29]

Arrests

In 2006, some former employees of the Lotus Temple made a complaint to the police that the trustees of the temple had been involved in various crimes including spying, religious conversion and producing false passports. The trial judge directed the police to arrest nine specific trustees, but the Delhi High Court later stayed the arrests.[30][31]

Gallery

  •  

    The Baháʼí House of Worship in Delhi at night

  •  

    People outside the Lotus Temple

  •  

    Model of the temple at the information centre

  •  

    Full view of the Lotus Temple

  •  

    The Lotus Temple with trees in front

  •  

    Some of the displays about the Baháʼí teaching of the unity of religion at the entrance of the information centre

  •  

    Greenery in front of the temple

  •  

    The Lotus Temple at sunset

  •  

    Drone shot of The Lotus Temple, 2023

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of India 2003.
  2. ^ a b Galloway 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d Garlington 2006.
  4. ^ a b Rizor 2011.
  5. ^ a b c Baháʼí World News Service 2000.
  6. ^ Mackin-Solomon 2013.
  7. ^ National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Canada 2003.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Baháʼí Association at The University of Georgia 2003.
  9. ^ Naharoy 2011.
  10. ^ Warburg 1993.
  11. ^ Smith 2000, p. 241.
  12. ^ Faizi 1993.
  13. ^ Recreating Eden 2006.
  14. ^ a b Momen 2010.
  15. ^ Satpathy 2019.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Rafati & Sahba 1988.
  17. ^ a b c d e Hassall 2012.
  18. ^ a b c Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO 2014.
  19. ^ Warburg 2006, p. 488.
  20. ^ Dionyssos Marbles 2010.
  21. ^ a b Pearson 2022.
  22. ^ a b Buck 2010.
  23. ^ a b The Hindu 2015.
  24. ^ Sharma 2015.
  25. ^ Kaur 2022.
  26. ^ a b Brar 2001.
  27. ^ Sarwal n.d.
  28. ^ a b National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of India n.d.
  29. ^ a b c The Architecture of Fariborz Sahba n.d.. Click "Publications".
  30. ^ webindia123.com 2006.
  31. ^ The Hindu 2006.

References

Books

  • Faizi, Gloria (1993). Stories about Baháʼí Funds. New Delhi, India: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. ISBN 81-85091-76-5.
  • Garlington, William (2006). "Indian Baha'i tradition". In Mittal, Sushil; Thursby, Gene R. (eds.). Religions of South Asia. London: Routledge. pp. 247–260. ISBN 0415223903.
  • Hassall, Graham (2012). "The Bahá'í House of Worship: Localisation and Universal Form". In Cusack, Carol; Norman, Alex (eds.). Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 4. Leiden: Brill. pp. 599–632. doi:10.1163/9789004226487_025. ISBN 978-90-04-22187-1. ISSN 1874-6691.
  • Pearson, Anne M. (2022). "Ch. 49: South Asia". In Stockman, Robert H. (ed.). The World of the Bahá’í Faith. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge. pp. 603–613. doi:10.4324/9780429027772-56. ISBN 978-1-138-36772-2.
  • Warburg, Margit (2006). Citizens of the World: A History and Sociology of the Bahaʹis from a Globalisation Perspective. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-14373-9.

Encyclopedias

  • Buck, Christopher (2010). "Temples—Baha'i Faith". In Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (eds.). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. Vol. 6. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 2817–2821. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  • Momen, Moojan (2010). "Mašreq al-Aḏkār". Encyclopædia Iranica (online ed.).
  • Rafati, V.; Sahba, F. (1988). "BAHAISM ix. Bahai Temples". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 3 (Online ed.). New York. pp. 465–467. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  • Smith, Peter (2000). A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith. Oneworld Publications, Oxford, England. ISBN 1-85168-184-1.

News media

  • "Baha'i Temple in India continues to receive awards and recognitions". Baháʼí World News Service. 5 December 2000. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  • Brar, Manpreet (14 July 2001). . CNN. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  • Galloway, Lindsey (3 January 2016). "The world's most beautiful places of worship". BBC Travel. BBC. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  • Mackin-Solomon, Ashley (23 January 2013). "Iranian architect living in La Jolla devoted to creating 'spiritual space'". La Jolla Light. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  • Sarwal, Anil. . The Tribune. Chandigarh. Archived from the original on 28 September 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2016 – via Baha'is of India.
  • Satpathy, Kriti Saraswat (18 December 2019). "5 Interesting Facts About Bahai Lotus Temple in Delhi That You Must Know!". India.com. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  • Sharma, Sameer (20 October 2015). . Ohindore.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  • "High Court stays arrest of Lotus temple trustees". The Hindu. 22 March 2012 [19 August 2006]. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  • Staff reporter (20 October 2015). "Solar power for Lotus temple". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  • "HC stays arrest of Lotus temple trustees". webindia123.com. 18 August 2006. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  • "Historical Places in Delhi". 10 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.

Other

  • "Architecture of the Baháʼí House of Worship". National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of India. 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  • . Baháʼí Association at The University of Georgia. 9 February 2003. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  • . Baháʼí Faith: The Official Website of the Baháʼís of India. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of India. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
  • . National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Canada. 2003. Archived from the original on 27 October 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  • Kaur, Pushpinder (2022). "Legal Regime for the Protection of Heritage Stone Monuments in India: a Study with Special Reference to Taj Mahal and Lotus Temple". Geoheritage. 14: 87. doi:10.1007/s12371-022-00721-9.
  • Naharoy, S. (3 September 2011). "The Baha'i House of Worship" (PDF). ECC Concord (Special Edition, Lotus in Concrete (v2, reprint) ed.). Cerena de Souza: 3–4. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  • . Dionyssos Marbles. 2010. Archived from the original on 26 July 2010.
  • Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO (15 April 2014). "Baháʼí House of Worship at New Delhi". UNESCO World Heritage Convention. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  • . "Recreating Eden". Season 03. Episode 30. 2006. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012.
  • Rizor, John (21 August 2011). "AD Classics: Lotus Temple / Fariborz Sahba". ArchDaily. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  • . The Architecture of Fariborz Sahba. Archived from the original on 13 January 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  • Warburg, Margit (1993). "Economic Rituals: The Structure and Meaning of Donations in the Baha'i Religion". Social Compass. 40 (1): 25–31.

Further reading

  • "In the shadow of the lotus, peace and calm prevail". Baháʼí World News Service. Baháʼí International Community. 19 March 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  • Naharoy, S. Architectural Blossoming of the Lotus
  • Bahá'í News, June 1986, special issue about the Lotus Temple

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lotus Temple.
  • Official Website

May 05, 2023
lotus, temple, located, delhi, india, bahá, house, worship, that, dedicated, december, 1986, notable, lotus, like, shape, become, prominent, attraction, city, like, bahá, houses, worship, open, regardless, religion, other, qualification, building, composed, fr. The Lotus Temple located in New Delhi India Is a Baha iʼ house of worship that was dedicated in December 1986 Notable for its lotus like shape it has become a prominent attraction in the city Like all Baha i houses of worship the Lotus Temple is open to all regardless of religion or any other qualification The building is composed of 27 free standing marble clad petals arranged in clusters of three to form nine sides 1 with nine doors opening onto a central hall with a height of slightly over 34 meters 1 and a capacity of 1 300 people 2 The Lotus Temple has won numerous architectural awards 3 4 and has been featured in many newspaper and magazine articles 5 Lotus Temple Bahaʼi House of Worship Full view of the Lotus TempleLocation within New DelhiGeneral informationTypeHouse of WorshipArchitectural styleExpressionistLocationDelhi IndiaCoordinates28 33 12 N 77 15 30 E 28 553328 N 77 258456 E 28 553328 77 258456 Coordinates 28 33 12 N 77 15 30 E 28 553328 N 77 258456 E 28 553328 77 258456Completed13 November 1986 36 years ago 13 November 1986 Opened24 December 1986 36 years ago 24 December 1986 Height34 27 metres 112 4 ft DimensionsDiameter70 metres 230 ft Technical detailsStructural systemConcrete frame and precast concrete ribbed roofDesign and constructionArchitect s Fariborz SahbaStructural engineerFlint amp Neill COWIOther informationSeating capacity2 500 Contents 1 History 2 Worship 3 Structure 4 Visitors 5 Distinctions 5 1 Awards 5 2 Publications 5 2 1 Articles 5 2 2 Books 6 Arrests 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 10 1 Books 10 2 Encyclopedias 10 3 News media 10 4 Other 11 Further reading 12 External linksHistory EditThe architect of the Lotus Temple was an Iranian Fariborz Sahba who now lives in La Jolla California 6 after spending some years in Canada 7 He was approached in 1976 to design the Lotus Temple and later oversaw its construction The structural design was undertaken by the UK firm Flint and Neill over the course of 18 months 8 and the construction was done by ECC Construction Group of Larsen amp Toubro Limited 9 dead link at a cost of 10 56 million 10 11 The major part of the funds needed to buy this land was donated by Ardish Rustamp of Hyderabad Sindh Pakistan whose will dictated that his entire life savings go toward the building of the temple 12 page needed A portion of the construction budget was saved and used to build a greenhouse to study indigenous plants and flowers that would be appropriate for use on the site 13 Ruhiyyih Khanum laid the foundation stone for the Lotus Temple on October 19 1977 and dedicated the temple on December 4 1986 14 For the dedication there was a gathering of 8 000 Bahaʼ from 107 countries including some 4 000 Bahaʼ from 22 provinces in India The temple was opened to the public on January 1 1987 and more than 10 000 people visited that day 15 Worship EditThe Bahaʼi Faith teaches that a Bahaʼi House of Worship should be a space for people of all religions to gather reflect and worship 16 Anyone may enter the Lotus Temple irrespective of religious background gender or other distinctions as is the case with all Bahaʼi Houses of worship 16 The sacred writings of not only the Bahaʼi Faith but also other religions can be read and or chanted regardless of language 16 on the other hand reading non scriptural texts is forbidden as are delivering sermons or lectures or fundraising Musical renditions of readings and prayers can be sung by choirs but no musical instruments can be played inside There is no set pattern for worship services and ritualistic ceremonies are not permitted 16 Structure Edit Interior view Interior view of the Ringstone Symbol set at the top of the temple All Baha i Houses of worship including the Lotus Temple share certain architectural elements some of which are specified by Bahaʼi scripture Abdu l Baha the son of the founder of the religion wrote that Bahaʼi houses of worship must be nine sided and circular 16 While all current Bahaʼi Houses of Worship have a dome this is not regarded as an essential part of their architecture 14 Bahaʼi scripture also states that no pictures statues or images be displayed within the House of Worship and no pulpits or altars be incorporated as an architectural feature readers may stand behind simple portable lecture stands 16 27 free standing marble clad petals arranged in clusters of three to form nine sides make up the design for the House of Worship in New Delhi which draws inspiration from the lotus flower 17 The temple s shape has symbolic and inter religious significance because the lotus is often associated with purity sacredness spirituality and knowledge It has a spiritual significance in India 3 The nine doors of the Lotus Temple open onto a central hall 34 3 meters tall 1 that can seat 1 300 people 18 and hold up to 2 500 in all 2 The temple has a diameter of 70 meters 19 The surface of the House of Worship is made of white marble from Penteli Mountain in Greece the same marble used in the construction of many ancient monuments including the Parthenon 18 and other Bahaʼi buildings 20 Along with its nine surrounding ponds and gardens the Lotus Temple property comprises 26 acres 105 000 m2 10 5 ha 4 An educational center beside the temple was established in 2017 21 The Lotus Temple is situated near Okhla NSIC and Kalkaji Mandir metro station is just 500 meters away citation needed It is in the village of Bahapur in New Delhi the National Capital Territory of Delhi near Nehru Place 22 Of the temple s total electricity use of 500 kilowatts kW 120 kW is provided by solar power generated by solar panels on the building 23 This saves the temple 120 000 per month 23 It is the first temple in Delhi to use solar power 24 As is the case with other stone monuments such as the Taj Mahal the Lotus Temple is becoming discoloured due to air pollution in India Specifically the white marble is turning grey and yellow due to pollution from vehicles and manufacturing in the city among other sources 25 Visitors EditBy late 2001 The Lotus Temple had attracted more than 70 million visitors according to Manpreet Brar a CNN reporter 26 The permanent delegation of India to UNESCO stated that the Lotus Temple had received over 100 million visitors by April 2014 18 The Lotus Temple has become a major attraction for people of various religions with up to 100 000 visitors on some holidays 3 Estimates for the number of visitors annually range from 2 5 million to 5 million 3 17 21 Brar stated in 2001 that it was the most visited building in the world 26 The Lotus Temple is often listed as one of Delhi s main tourist attractions 17 Distinctions EditSome of this section s listed sources may not be reliable Please help this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted October 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message One of the nine ponds surrounding the Lotus Temple The Temple has received a wide range of attention in professional architectural fine art religious governmental and other venues Awards Edit 1987 the architect of the Bahaʼi House of Worship Fariborz Sahba was presented the award for excellence in religious art and architecture by the UK based Institution of Structural Engineers for producing a building so emulating the beauty of a flower and so striking in its visual impact 27 1987 the Interfaith Forum on Religion Art and Architecture Affiliate of the American Institute of Architects Washington D C gave their First Honour award for Excellence in Religious Art and Architecture 1987 to Fariborz Sahba for the design of the Bahaʼi House of Worship near New Delhi 8 1988 the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America conferred the Paul Waterbury Special Citation for Outdoor Lighting for the Taj Mahal of the Twentieth Century 22 1989 the Temple received an award from the Maharashtra India Chapter of the American Concrete Institute for excellence in a concrete structure 8 1994 edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica in its Architecture section gives recognition to the Temple as an outstanding achievement of the time 8 2000 Architectural Society of China as one of 100 canonical works of the 20th century 17 in World Architecture 1900 2000 A Critical Mosaic Volume Eight South Asia 5 2000 GlobArt Academy based in Vienna Austria presented its GlobArt Academy 2000 award to the architect of the Lotus Temple Fariborz Sahba for the magnitude of the service of this Taj Mahal of the 20th century in promoting the unity and harmony of people of all nations religions and social strata to an extent unsurpassed by any other architectural monument worldwide 5 17 Publications Edit Gardens at the Bahaʼi House of Worship Information centre at the Bahaʼi House of Worship Articles Edit By 2003 the Bahaʼi World Centre Library had archived more than 500 publications which carried information on the Lotus Temple in the form of articles interviews with the architec t and write ups extolling the structure 8 The following are major examples of publications featuring articles on the templ e listed chronologicall andwith excerpted quotations Progressive Architecture February 1987 8 and December 1987 Architecture September 1987 8 Structural Engineer annual UK journal December 1987 8 Encyclopaedia Iranica 1989 8 World Architecture A Critical Mosaic 1900 2000 by Kenneth Frampton Vol 8 2000 28 A power icon of great beauty an import symbol of the city Actualite des Religions French magazine Fall 2000 special edition entitled Les religions et leurs chef d œuvres Religions and their Masterpieces four page article 8 29 Guinness World Records 2001 28 Wallpaper October 2002 Lighting Design Application Vol 19 No 6 Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Taj Mahal of the Twentieth Century Faith amp Form journal of the Interfaith Forum on Religion Art and Architecture an affiliate of the American Institute of Architects Vol XXI An extraordinary feat of design construction and appropriateness of expressions BBC Travel 2016 The world s most beautiful places of worshipBooks Edit Forever in Bloom The Lotus of Bahapur photographs by Raghu Rai and text by Roger White Time Books International 1992 29 The Dawning Place of the Remembrance of God Thomas Press 2002 29 Arrests EditIn 2006 some former employees of the Lotus Temple made a complaint to the police that the trustees of the temple had been involved in various crimes including spying religious conversion and producing false passports The trial judge directed the police to arrest nine specific trustees but the Delhi High Court later stayed the arrests 30 31 Gallery Edit The Bahaʼi House of Worship in Delhi at night People outside the Lotus Temple Model of the temple at the information centre Full view of the Lotus Temple The Lotus Temple with trees in front Some of the displays about the Bahaʼi teaching of the unity of religion at the entrance of the information centre Greenery in front of the temple The Lotus Temple at sunset Drone shot of The Lotus Temple 2023See also EditSwaminarayan Akshardham Delhi Bahaʼi Faith in India Bahaʼi World Centre buildings Prayer in the Bahaʼi Faith Other modern structures with similar designs Auditorio de Tenerife Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia Pakistan Monument Sydney Opera HouseNotes Edit a b c National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of India 2003 a b Galloway 2016 a b c d Garlington 2006 a b Rizor 2011 a b c Bahaʼi World News Service 2000 Mackin Solomon 2013 National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of Canada 2003 a b c d e f g h i j Bahaʼi Association at The University of Georgia 2003 Naharoy 2011 Warburg 1993 Smith 2000 p 241 Faizi 1993 Recreating Eden 2006 a b Momen 2010 Satpathy 2019 a b c d e f Rafati amp Sahba 1988 a b c d e Hassall 2012 a b c Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO 2014 Warburg 2006 p 488 Dionyssos Marbles 2010 a b Pearson 2022 a b Buck 2010 a b The Hindu 2015 Sharma 2015 Kaur 2022 a b Brar 2001 Sarwal n d a b National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of India n d a b c The Architecture of Fariborz Sahba n d Click Publications webindia123 com 2006 The Hindu 2006 References EditBooks Edit Faizi Gloria 1993 Stories about Bahaʼi Funds New Delhi India Bahaʼi Publishing Trust ISBN 81 85091 76 5 Garlington William 2006 Indian Baha i tradition In Mittal Sushil Thursby Gene R eds Religions of South Asia London Routledge pp 247 260 ISBN 0415223903 Hassall Graham 2012 The Baha i House of Worship Localisation and Universal Form In Cusack Carol Norman Alex eds Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion Vol 4 Leiden Brill pp 599 632 doi 10 1163 9789004226487 025 ISBN 978 90 04 22187 1 ISSN 1874 6691 Pearson Anne M 2022 Ch 49 South Asia In Stockman Robert H ed The World of the Baha i Faith Oxfordshire UK Routledge pp 603 613 doi 10 4324 9780429027772 56 ISBN 978 1 138 36772 2 Warburg Margit 2006 Citizens of the World A History and Sociology of the Bahaʹis from a Globalisation Perspective Brill ISBN 978 90 04 14373 9 Encyclopedias Edit Buck Christopher 2010 Temples Baha i Faith In Melton J Gordon Baumann Martin eds Religions of the World A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices Vol 6 Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO pp 2817 2821 Retrieved 1 December 2021 Momen Moojan 2010 Masreq al Aḏkar Encyclopaedia Iranica online ed Rafati V Sahba F 1988 BAHAISM ix Bahai Temples In Yarshater Ehsan ed Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol 3 Online ed New York pp 465 467 Retrieved 24 December 2016 Smith Peter 2000 A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahaʼi Faith Oneworld Publications Oxford England ISBN 1 85168 184 1 News media Edit Baha i Temple in India continues to receive awards and recognitions Bahaʼi World News Service 5 December 2000 Retrieved 21 December 2020 Brar Manpreet 14 July 2001 Encore Presentation A Visit to the Capital of India New Delhi CNN Archived from the original on 29 April 2019 Retrieved 12 October 2022 Galloway Lindsey 3 January 2016 The world s most beautiful places of worship BBC Travel BBC Retrieved 18 June 2016 Mackin Solomon Ashley 23 January 2013 Iranian architect living in La Jolla devoted to creating spiritual space La Jolla Light Retrieved 27 November 2021 Sarwal Anil An Architectural Marvel The Tribune Chandigarh Archived from the original on 28 September 2008 Retrieved 25 April 2016 via Baha is of India Satpathy Kriti Saraswat 18 December 2019 5 Interesting Facts About Bahai Lotus Temple in Delhi That You Must Know India com Retrieved 9 March 2021 Sharma Sameer 20 October 2015 Baha i House of Worship Lotus Temple is on Solar Energy now Ohindore com Archived from the original on 30 May 2016 Retrieved 18 June 2016 High Court stays arrest of Lotus temple trustees The Hindu 22 March 2012 19 August 2006 Retrieved 22 September 2017 Staff reporter 20 October 2015 Solar power for Lotus temple The Hindu Retrieved 13 October 2022 HC stays arrest of Lotus temple trustees webindia123 com 18 August 2006 Retrieved 22 September 2017 Historical Places in Delhi 10 November 2022 Retrieved 15 November 2022 Other Edit Architecture of the Bahaʼi House of Worship National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of India 2020 Retrieved 14 December 2020 Bahaʼi Houses of Worship India The Lotus of Bahapur Bahaʼi Association at The University of Georgia 9 February 2003 Archived from the original on 7 May 2016 Retrieved 12 April 2016 Bibliography of Publications Bahaʼi Faith The Official Website of the Bahaʼis of India National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of India Archived from the original on 21 December 2016 Retrieved 10 December 2016 Fariborz Sahba National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of Canada 2003 Archived from the original on 27 October 2004 Retrieved 19 January 2014 Kaur Pushpinder 2022 Legal Regime for the Protection of Heritage Stone Monuments in India a Study with Special Reference to Taj Mahal and Lotus Temple Geoheritage 14 87 doi 10 1007 s12371 022 00721 9 Naharoy S 3 September 2011 The Baha i House of Worship PDF ECC Concord Special Edition Lotus in Concrete v2 reprint ed Cerena de Souza 3 4 Retrieved 6 June 2014 Penteli marbles for Bahai temples Dionyssos Marbles 2010 Archived from the original on 26 July 2010 Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO 15 April 2014 Bahaʼi House of Worship at New Delhi UNESCO World Heritage Convention United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization Retrieved 21 December 2020 Gardens of Worship Recreating Eden Season 03 Episode 30 2006 Archived from the original on 1 March 2012 Rizor John 21 August 2011 AD Classics Lotus Temple Fariborz Sahba ArchDaily Retrieved 27 November 2021 Articles The Architecture of Fariborz Sahba Archived from the original on 13 January 2006 Retrieved 25 April 2016 Warburg Margit 1993 Economic Rituals The Structure and Meaning of Donations in the Baha i Religion Social Compass 40 1 25 31 Further reading Edit In the shadow of the lotus peace and calm prevail Bahaʼi World News Service Bahaʼi International Community 19 March 2008 Retrieved 3 November 2020 Naharoy S Architectural Blossoming of the Lotus Baha i News June 1986 special issue about the Lotus TempleExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lotus Temple Official Website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lotus Temple amp oldid 1152292961, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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