Wikipedia
List of Bohemian monarchs
The Duchy of Bohemia was established in 870 and raised to the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198. Several Bohemian monarchs ruled as non-hereditary kings beforehand, first gaining the title in 1085. From 1004 to 1806, Bohemia was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and its ruler was an elector. During 1526–1804 the Kingdom of Bohemia, together with the other lands of the Bohemian Crown, was ruled under a personal union as part of the Habsburg monarchy. From 1804 to 1918, Bohemia was part of the Austrian Empire, which itself was part of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. Following the dissolution of the monarchy, the Bohemian lands, now also referred to as Czech lands, became part of Czechoslovakia, and they have formed today's Czech Republic since 1993.
| Monarchy of Přemyslid Bohemia | |
|---|---|
| Details | |
| Style | His/Her Majesty |
| First monarch | Ottokar I (as King) |
| Last monarch | Wenceslaus III (as king) |
| Formation | c. 870 |
| Abolition | 28 October 1620 |
| Residence | Prague Castle, Prague |
| Appointer | Hereditary 870-1212 Electoral college 1212–1620 Hereditary 1637–1918 |
Legendary rulers of Bohemia Edit
Dukes and Kings of Bohemia from and after Přemyslid dynasty (c. 870–1306) Edit
Přemyslid dynasty Edit
Feuds of Bohemia and Moravia under Premyslid rule Edit
| Part of Great Moravia (until 907) | |||
| Duchy of Bohemia (870–1198) Raised to: Kingdom of Bohemia (1198–1306) | Part of Poland (999–1019) | ||
| Duchy of Moravia (1019–1055) | |||
| Duchy of Brno (1st creation) (1055–1056) | Duchy of Znojmo (1st creation) (1055–1056) | Duchy of Olomouc (1st creation) (1055–1056) | |
| Duchy of Olomouc (1061–1178) | |||
| Duchy of Brno (2nd creation) (1061–1182) | Duchy of Znojmo (2nd creation) (1092–1112) | ||
| Duchy of Znojmo (3rd creation) (1123–1182) | |||
| Duchy of Moravia (Znojmo line) (1182–1191) | |||
| Duchy of Moravia (1197–1222) | |||
Table of rulers Edit
| Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | Ruling part | Consort | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bořivoj I | 852 Son of Hostivít (?)[1] | 870–883 885–889 | 889 aged 35/6 | Bohemia | Ludmila of Bohemia 873[2] six children | First documented ruler of the dynasty. | |
| Strojmír | ? | c. 883–885 | ? | Bohemia | ? | Apparently a usurper. | |
| Bohemia annexed to Great Moravia (889–894) | |||||||
| Spytihněv I | 882 First son of Bořivoj I and Ludmila of Bohemia | 894–915 | 915 aged 32/3 | Bohemia (with Moravia since 907) | Unmarried | His reign restored Bohemian sovereignty. | |
| Vratislaus I (Vratislav) | 888 Second son of Bořivoj I and Ludmila of Bohemia | 915 – 13 February 921 | 13 February 921 aged 32/3 | Bohemia | Drahomíra three children | ||
| Regencies of Ludmila of Bohemia (921) and Drahomíra (921–925) | Known as St. Wenceslaus ("Good King Wenceslas" for English-speaking people), the patron saint of the Czech lands. | ||||||
| St.Wenceslaus (Svatý Václav) | 907[3][4][a] Stochov[7] First son of Vratislaus I and Drahomíra | 13 February 921- 28 September 929/35 | 28 September 929/35 Stará Boleslav aged 21/2 or 27/8 | Bohemia | Unmarried | ||
| Boleslaus I the Cruel (Boleslav I. Ukrutný) | 915 Prague (?) Second son of Vratislaus I and Drahomíra | 28 September 929/35 – July 972 | July 972 aged 56/7 | Bohemia | Biagota four children | Assassinated his brother to ascend to the ducal throne. | |
| Boleslaus II the Pious (Boleslav II. Pobožný) | 940 Prague (?) Son of Boleslaus I and Biagota | July 972 – 7 February 999 | 7 February 999 aged 58/9 | Bohemia | Adiva (of England?) four children Emma of Mělník (Emma of Italy (?)) 989 no children | Moravia is again lost, this time, to Poland, in 999. | |
| Boleslaus III the Red (Boleslav III. Ryšavý) | 965 First son of Boleslaus II and Adiva | 7 February 999 – May 1002 February – March 1003 | 1037 aged 56/7 | Bohemia | Unknown | In 1002-04, Bohemia was invaded twice by Poland. | |
Bohemia was annexed to Poland (1002-04):
| |||||||
| Jaromír | c. 970 Second son of Boleslaus II and Adiva | 1004 – 12 April 1012 9 November 1034 – 1035 | 4 November 1038 Lysá nad Labem aged 60/70 | Bohemia | Unknown | In 1004, Jaromir occupied Prague with a German army and proclaimed himself Bohemian duke, restoring the family's domain, albeit reduced. As brothers of Boleslaus III, Jaromir and Ulrich had a fight for the throne that lasted until 1034, when Ulrich died and Jaromir retired (and then murdered). Nevertheless, more land was at stake, as Moravia was reintegrated into Bohemia in 1019, after being reconquered from Poland, and given to Ulrich's son. | |
| Ulrich I (Oldřich) | c. 975 Third son of Boleslaus II and Adiva | 12 April 1012 – 9 November 1034 | 9 November 1034 or 1042 aged 59/60 or 66/7 | Bohemia | Božena c. 1002 one child | ||
| 1033 – 9 November 1034 | Moravia | ||||||
| Bretislaus I the Bohemian Achilles (Břetislav I. český Achilles) | 1002/5 Son of Ulrich I and Božena | 1019/29 – 1033 9 November 1034 – 10 January 1055 | 10 January 1055 aged 50/3 | Moravia | Judith of Schweinfurt 1020 four children | First separation of Moravia from Bohemia. His father usurped his place for a year. After his own death, his sons shared the inheritance. | |
| 1035 – 10 January 1055 | Bohemia | ||||||
| Spytihněv II | 1031 First son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt | 10 January 1055 – 28 January 1061 | 28 January 1061 aged 29/30 | Bohemia (also in Moravia from 1056) | Ida of Wettin 1054 one child | Children of Bretislav I, divided their inheritance:
The division was made ineffective by Spytihnev (1055), who extended his rule to Moravia, uniting the whole Premyslid domain under his control. However, after his death (1061), the landless brothers recovered the inheritance and divided it differently, as Vratislav inherited Bohemia:
| |
| Vratislaus II (Vratislav II) | c. 1035 Second son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt | 10 January 1055 – 1056 | 14 January 1092 | Olomouc | Maria before 1057 no children Adelaide of Hungary (I) 1057 four children Świętosława of Poland 1062 five children | ||
| 28 January 1061 – June 1085 (as Duke) June 1085 – 14 January 1092 (as King) | Bohemia | ||||||
| Conrad I (Konrád I) | c. 1035 Third son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt | 10 January 1055 – 1056 28 January 1061 – 6 September 1092 | 6 September 1092 | Brno (with Znojmo since 1061) | Wirpirk of Tengling 1054 two children | ||
| 14 January 1092 – 6 September 1092 | Bohemia | ||||||
| Otto I the Fair (Ota Sličný) | 1045 Fouth son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt | 10 January 1055 – 1056 | 9 June 1087 aged 41/2 | Znojmo | Euphemia of Hungary before 1073 two children | ||
| 28 January 1061 – 9 June 1087 | Olomouc | ||||||
| Boleslaus (Boleslav) | 1062 First son of Otto I and Euphemia of Hungary | 9 June 1087 – 11 August 1091 | 11 August 1091 aged 28/9 | Olomouc | Unmarried | ||
| Bretislaus II (Břetislav II) | c. 1060 Son of Vratislaus II and Adelaide of Hungary (I) | 6 September 1092 – 22 December 1100 | 22 December 1100 aged 39/40 | Bohemia | Lukarta of Bogen 1094 one child | ||
| Ulrich (II) (Oldřich) | c. 1070/80? First son of Conrad I and Wirpirk of Tengling | 6 September 1092 – 5 January 1113 | 5 January 1113 aged c. 33/43? | Brno (with Znojmo since 1112) | Adelaide two children | Children of Conrad I, divided the inheritance:
Despite having heirs, Luitpold's land came to Ulrich's possession after his death. Conrad II, Luitpold's heir, would come to power in 1123. | |
| Luitpold (I) (Litold znojemský) | c. 1070/80? Second son of Conrad I and Wirpirk of Tengling | 6 September 1092 – 15 March 1112 | 15 March 1112 aged c. 32/42? | Znojmo | Ida of Austria one child | ||
| Bořivoj II | c. 1064 Prague First son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland | 25 December 1100 – May 1107 December 1117 – 16 August 1120 | 2 February 1124 aged 39/40 | Bohemia | Helbirga of Austria October 1100 Znojmo no children | Ruled twice. Retired in 1120. | |
| Svatopluk (I) the Lion (Svatopluk Olomoucký) | 1075 Second son of Otto I and Euphemia of Hungary | 11 August 1091 – 21 September 1109 | 21 September 1109 aged 33/4 | Olomouc | Unknown one child | ||
| May 1107 – 21 September 1109 | Bohemia | ||||||
| Vladislaus I (Vladislav I) | c. 1065 Second son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland | 21 September 1109 – December 1117 16 August 1120 – 12 April 1125 | 12 April 1125 Prague aged 59/60 | Bohemia | Richeza of Berg 1110/11 four children | Ruled twice. | |
| Sobeslaus I | c. 1075 Third son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland | 5 January 1113 – 1123 | 14 February 1140 aged 64/5 | Brno (with Znojmo) | Adelaide of Hungary (II) 1123 five children | Ruled Brno and Znojmo,[8] which split after his resign:
| |
| 12 April 1125 – 14 February 1140 | Bohemia | ||||||
| Otto II the Black (Ota II. Černý) | 1085 Third son of Otto I and Euphemia of Hungary | 21 September 1109 – 18 February 1126 | 18 February 1126 aged 40/1 | Olomouc (with Brno) | Sophia of Berg 1113 three children | Ruled in Olomouc, since 1091 with his brother Svatopluk. Acquired Brno in 1123. | |
| Conrad II (Konrád II) | c. 1100/10? Son of Luitpold I and Ida of Austria | 1123 – 1161 | 1161 aged c. 50/51 or c. 60/61? | Znojmo | Maria of Serbia 1132 four children | Received his heritage in 1123.[9] | |
| Wenceslaus Henry (Václav Jindřich) | 1107 Son of Svatopluk (I) | 18 February 1126 – 1 March 1130 | 1 March 1130 aged 22/3 | Olomouc | Unmarried | Heirs of previous rulers of their portions, after Otto II's death inherited their respective inheritances. | |
| Vratislaus (II) (Vratislav) | c. 1100/11 Brno Son of Ulrich (II) and Adelaide | 18 February 1126 – 6 August 1156 | 6 August 1156 Brno aged 45/6 | Brno | A Russian princess 1132 three children | ||
| Luitpold (II) (Lupolt Olomoucký) | 1102 Son of Bořivoj II and Helbirga of Austria | 1 March 1130 – 1137 | 1143 aged 40/1 | Olomouc | Unmarried | Appointed and deposed by Sobeslaus, then the senior duke in Bohemia, who replaced him in Olomouc with his own son. | |
| Vladislaus (Vladislav) | ? First son of Sobeslaus I and Adelaide of Hungary (II) | 1137 – 1140 | 1165 | Olomouc | Daughter of Albert the Bear no children | Probably resigned, waiting for succeed in Bohemia; however it was another Vladislaus who ended up ascending the seniority position in Bohemia. | |
| Vladislaus II (Vladislav II) | c. 1110 Son of Vladislaus I and Richeza of Berg | 14 February 1140 – 11 January 1158 (as Duke) 11 January 1158 – 1172 (as King) | 18 January 1174 Meerane aged 63/4 | Bohemia | Gertrude of Austria 1140 six children Judith of Thuringia 1155 three children | Resigned in 1172. | |
| Otto III (Ota III) | 1122 Son of Otto II and Sophia of Berg | 1140 – 12 May 1160[10] | 12 May 1160 aged 37/8 | Olomouc | Durancia five children | ||
| Spytihněv (II) | ? Son of Vratislaus (II) | 6 August 1156 – 1182 | 1199 | Brno | Umarried | In 1182, abdicated for Conrad Otto of Znojmo | |
| Brno annexed to Znojmo | |||||||
| Frederick (Bedřich) | 1142 Son of Vladislaus II and Gertrude of Austria | 12 May 1160 – 1173 | 25 March 1189 | Olomouc | Elizabeth of Hungary 1157 six children | ||
| 1172 – 1173 1178 – 25 March 1189 | Bohemia | ||||||
| Ulrich (III) | 1134 Second son of Sobeslaus I and Adelaide of Hungary (II) | 1173 – 18 October 1177 | 18 October 1177 aged 42/3 | Olomouc | Cecilia of Thuringia no children Sophia of Meissen no children | ||
| Sobeslaus II the Prince of the Peasants (Soběslav II. kníže sedláků) | 1128 Third son of Sobeslaus I and Adelaide of Hungary (II) | 1173 – 1178 | 29 January 1180 aged 51/2 | Bohemia | Elisabeth of Greater Poland no children | ||
| Wenceslaus II | 1137 Fourth son of Sobeslaus I and Adelaide of Hungary (II) | 18 October 1177 – 1178 | after 1192 | Olomouc | Unmarried | Abdicated for Conrad III. | |
| 9 September 1191 – 1192 | Bohemia | ||||||
| Olomouc annexed to Znojmo | |||||||
| Conrad III Otto (Konrád III. Ota) | c. 1136 Son of Conrad II and Maria of Serbia | 1161 – 1182 | 9 September 1191 aged 54/5 | Znojmo | Hellicha of Wittelsbach before 1176 no children | Son of Conrad II. United Znojmo and Olomouc. Brno joined in 1182, when he also became the first Margrave of Moravia. | |
| 1182 – 9 September 1191 | Moravia | ||||||
| 1189 – 9 September 1191 | Bohemia | ||||||
| Bretislaus III Henry (Břetislav III. Jindřich) | 1137 Son of Henry and Margaret (?) | 1193 – 15/19 June 1197 | 15/19 June 1197 | Bohemia | Unmarried | Son of Henry, brother of King Vladislaus II. Also Bishop of Prague (1182–97). | |
| Vladislaus III Henry (Vladislav III. Jindřich) | 1137 Second son of Vladislaus II and Judith of Thuringia | 22 June – 6 December 1197 | 12 August 1222 | Bohemia | Heilwida no children | Left no descendants. After his death, Moravia became an appanage of Bohemian princes. | |
| December 1197 – 12 August 1222 | Moravia | ||||||
| Premislaus Ottokar I (Přemysl Otakar I) | 1155 First son of Vladislaus II and Judith of Thuringia | 1192 – 1193 6 December 1197 – 1198 (as Duke) 1198 – 15 December 1230 (as King) | 15 December 1230 Prague aged 74/5 | Bohemia | Adelaide of Meissen 1178 (annulled 1199) one child Constance of Hungary 1199 nine children | First king of hereditary royal title, confirmed by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1212 by issuing the Golden Bull of Sicily. | |
| Wenceslaus I the One-Eyed (Václav I. Jednooký) | 1205 Son of Premislaus Ottokar I and Constance of Hungary | 15 December 1230 – 23 September 1253 | 23 December 1253 Králův Dvůr aged 47/8 | Bohemia | Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen 1224 five children | ||
| Premislaus Ottokar II The Iron and Golden King (Přemysl Otakar II. král železný a zlatý) | 1233 Městec Králové Son of Wenceslaus I and Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen | 23 December 1253 – 26 August 1278 | 26 August 1278 Dürnkrut aged 44/5 | Bohemia | Margaret of Austria 11 February 1252 Hainburg an der Donau (annulled 1261) no children Kunigunda Rostislavna of Halych 25 October 1261 Pressburg three children | Also Duke of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Friuli and margrave of Carniola. | |
| Regencies of Kunigunda Rostislavna of Halych (1278–1285) and Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg (1278–1283) | Also Duke of Cracow (from 1291) and King of Poland (1300–1305). | ||||||
| Wenceslaus II (Václav II) | 27 September 1271 PragueSon of Premislaus Ottokar II and Kunigunda Rostislavna of Halych | 26 August 1278 – 21 June 1305 | 21 June 1305 Prague aged 33 | Bohemia | Judith of Austria January 1285 Cheb ten children Elizabeth Richeza of Poland 26 May 1303 Prague one child | ||
| Wenceslaus III (Václav III) | 6 October 1289 Son of Wenceslaus II and Judith of Austria | 21 June 1305 – 4 August 1306 | 4 August 1306 Olomouc aged 16 | Bohemia | Viola of Cieszyn 5 October 1305 Brno no children | Uncrowned (as Bohemian king). Also King of Hungary (1301–1305) and King of Poland. | |
| Anna (Anna Přemyslovna) | 10 October 1290 Daughter of Wenceslaus II and Judith of Austria | 4 August 1306 – 1306 3/4 July 1307 – 3 December 1310 | 3 September 1313 Olomouc aged 16 | Bohemia | Henry 1306 no children | Heiresses of Bohemia, they were the true inheritors of the power claimed by their husbands during the succession crisis. Of the three, Rudolf had the weakest claim, and also the lowest popularity. The conflict was settled when, in 1310, Elizabeth and John invaded Prague, and defeated their opponents, Anna and Henry. | |
| Henry of Carinthia[Note 1] (Jindřich Korutanský) | 1265 Son of Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia and Elisabeth of Bavaria | 2 April 1335 Tirol aged 69/70 | Anna 1306 no children Adelaide of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1313 two children Beatrice of Savoy 1327 no children | ||||
| Elisabeth Richeza of Poland (Eliška-Rejčka) | 1 September 1288 Poznań Daughter of Przemysł II of Poland and Richeza of Sweden | 1306 – 3/4 July 1307 | 19 October 1335 Brno aged 47 | Bohemia | Wenceslaus II 26 May 1303 Prague one child Rudolf 16 October 1306 Prague no children | ||
| Rudolf of Habsburg the Good (Rudolf Habsburský, Rudolf Dobrý) | c. 1281 Vienna Eldest son of Albert I of Germany and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol | Blanche of France 25 May 1300 one child Elisabeth Richeza 16 October 1306 Prague no children | 3/4 July 1307 Horažďovice aged 26 | ||||
| Elisabeth (Eliška Přemyslovna) | 20 January 1292 Prague Daughter of Wenceslaus II and Judith of Austria | 3 December 1310 – 28 September 1330 | 28 September 1330 Prague aged 38 | Bohemia | John 1 September 1310 Prague seven children | ||
| John of Luxembourg the Blind (Jan Lucemburský, Jan Slepý) | 10 August 1296 Luxembourg Son of Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor and Margaret of Brabant | 3 December 1310 – 26 August 1346 | 26 August 1346 Crécy-en-Ponthieu aged 50 | Elisabeth 1 September 1310 Prague seven children Beatrice of Bourbon December 1334 Vincennes one child | |||
The Late Kingdom of Bohemia: from the House of Luxembourg to Austria-Hungary (1310–1918) Edit
| House of Luxembourg | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| John the Blind (Jan Lucemburský) | 1310–1346 | Son-in-law of Wenceslaus II. | |
| Charles IV (Karel I.) | 1346–1378 | Son of John. Also Holy Roman Emperor as Charles IV. | |
| Wenceslaus IV (Václav IV.) | 1378–1419 | Son of Charles I. Also King of the Romans until 1400. | |
| Sigismund (Zikmund) | 1419–1437 | Brother of Wenceslaus IV. Ruled effective 1436–1437 only (because of the Hussite Revolution). Also Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary. | |
| House of Habsburg | |||
| Albert (Albrecht Habsburský) | 1437–1439 | Son-in-law of Sigismund. Also King of the Romans and of Hungary. | |
| Interregnum | 1440–1453 | The succession of Albert's son was not recognized by the Czech nobility for most of this era; the land was administered by the Landfrieden (provincial and territorial). | |
| Ladislaus the Posthumous (Ladislav Pohrobek) | 1453–1457 | Son of Albert born after his father's death. Also King of Hungary. | |
| Non-Dynastic | |||
| George of Podebrady (Jiří z Poděbrad) | 1458–1471 | Elected king from the Czech noble family House of Kunštát. Although he had descendants, the succession devolved to the prince from Polish kingdom. | |
| Matthias I (Matyáš I. Korvín) | 1469–1490 | King of Hungary, elected by the insurgent Catholic Czech aristocrats as anti-king in 1469, but never crowned. In 1479, he agreed to limit his rule to Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia, while retaining his title. | |
| House of Jagiellon | |||
| Vladislaus II the Jagiellonian (Vladislav II. Jagellonský) | 1471–1516 | Nephew of Ladislaus the Posthumous; elected on request of his predecessor George. Also King of Hungary after 1490. | |
| Louis the Jagiellonian (Ludvík Jagellonský) | 1516–1526 | Son of Vladislaus II. Also King of Hungary. | |
| House of Habsburg | |||
| Ferdinand I | 1526–1564 | Brother-in-law of Louis; elected king. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor-elect from 1558. | |
| Maximilian I (Maxmilián I.) | 1564–1576 | Son of Ferdinand I, grandson of Vladislaus II. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. | |
| Rudolph II (Rudolf II.) | 1576–1612 | Son of Maximilian I. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. | |
| Matthias II (Matyáš II.) | 1612–1615 | Brother of Rudolph II. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. | |
| Ferdinand II | 1615–1619,1620-1637 | Cousin of Matthias. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. | |
| House of Wittelsbach | |||
| Frederick I (Fridrich I.) | 1619–1620 | Elected by the Crown's Estates at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, but after losing the Battle of White Mountain, he fled the country. | |
| House of Habsburg | |||
| Ferdinand III | 1637–1657 | Son of Ferdinand II. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. From this time on, Bohemia no longer had an elective monarchy, with the Habsburgs having imposed their exclusive rule at the Battle of the White Mountain. | |
| Ferdinand IV | 1646–1654 | Son of Ferdinand III. Junior co-monarch during his father's reign. Also King of Hungary and King of the Romans. | |
| Leopold I | 1657–1705 | Brother of Ferdinand IV. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. | |
| Joseph I (Josef I.) | 1705–1711 | Son of Leopold I. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. | |
| Charles II (Karel II.) | 1711–1740 | Brother of Joseph I. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor as Charles VI. | |
| Maria Theresa (Marie Terezie) | 1740-1741,1743-1780 | Daughter of Charles II. Also Queen of Hungary. | |
| House of Wittelsbach | |||
| Charles Albert (Karel Albrecht) | 1741–1743 | Son-in-law of Joseph I. Anti-king to Maria Theresa during the War of the Austrian Succession. Also Holy Roman Emperor as Charles VII. | |
| House of Habsburg-Lorraine | |||
| Joseph II (Josef II.) | 1780–1790 | Son of Maria Theresa. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. | |
| Leopold II | 1790–1792 | Brother of Joseph II. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. | |
| Francis I (František I.) | 1792–1835 | Son of Leopold II. Also King of Hungary, Holy Roman Emperor to 1806, Emperor of Austria from 1804. | |
| Ferdinand V | 1835–1848 | Son of Francis I. Also Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. Last crowned King of Bohemia. Forced to abdicate during the Revolution of 1848. | |
| Franz Joseph I (František Josef I.) | 1848–1916 | Nephew of Ferdinand V. Also Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. | |
| Charles III (Karel III.) | 1916–1918 | Grandnephew of Francis Joseph I. Also Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. Ruled briefly during World War I; in November 1918 renounced participation in state affairs but did not abdicate. | |
See also Edit
Notes Edit
- ^ VI as duke of Carinthia.
References Edit
- ^ According to a bold hypothesis by historian Jaroslav Zástěra, the Premyslid dynasty was a possible direct descendant of the ruling family of Great Moravia, being Borivoj a son of Rastislav of Moravia. See Hypotheses and citations of articles by J. Zástěry on the website of the Club of Friends of the Znojmo Rotunda (in Czech)
- ^ "Saint Ludmila Slavic saint". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. September 11, 2018.
- ^ "Wenceslas I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
- ^ "Sep 28 – St Wenceslaus (907–929) martyr". CatholicIreland.net. 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
- ^ "Svatý Václav se narodil u nás, tvrdí obyvatelé Stochova na Kladensku" (in Czech). iDnes. 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
- ^ "The Premyslids". Genealogy.eu. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
- ^ According to legend. See page of the duke for details.
- ^ The intermission of other feudal lords of different branches could be seen as regencies, as it would happen, for example, in the 15-century Duchy of Austria, where Duke Frederick V exerted regency for his minor cousin, Ladislaus the Posthumous. However, these intermissions could be also similar, for example, to Kievan Rus', where rulers apparently "jumped" from place to place. Albeit this, nothing is proved.
- ^ The note referring to the regencies could apply here as well. The reason Conrad did not receive his duchy right after his father's death could be related to a possible minority that stopped him for assuming his power sooner.
- ^ The regency referred in previous notes may be proven here: in 1126, when his father died, he was too young to assume power. The rulers appointed by Sobeslaus I in the period 1126–40 could be functioning as regents.