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Přemysl the Ploughman

April 03, 2023

This article is about the ancient Czech ruler. For other uses, see Przemysl (disambiguation).

Přemysl the Ploughman (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpr̝̊ɛmɪsl̩ ˈoraːtʃ] (listen) Přemysl Oráč; English: Premysl, Przemysl or Primislaus[nb 1]) was the legendary husband of Libuše, and ancestor of the Přemyslid dynasty, containing the line of princes (dukes) and kings which ruled in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown from 873 or earlier until the murder of Wenceslaus III in 1306.[3]

Closeup of the sculpture in 2012 at Vyšehrad

Legend

According to a legend, Přemysl was a free peasant of the village of Stadice who attracted the notice of Libuše, daughter of a certain Krok, who ruled over a large part of Bohemia.[3] Libuše succeeded her father, and her councillors demanded that she marry, but because Přemysl was not a nobleman she recounted a vision in which they would follow a horse let loose at a junction, and follow it to find her future husband, making it appear as if it was the will of fate not her own wish. Two versions of the legend exist, one in where they are to find a man ploughing a field with one broken sandal, and another in which the man would be sitting in the shade of a single tree, eating from an iron table (his plough). They did so and found Přemysl exactly as foretold.[2]

Přemysl married Libuše, the traditional foundress of Prague, and became prince of the Bohemian Czechs.[3] However, according to the legends, because they found him before he had finished ploughing the field famine was anticipated for the land and did actually come about. He was also said to have planted his hazel-wood staff in the ground before he left, which then grew three sprouts, two of which died but the third continued to grow; this was an omen that his first two sons with Libuše, Radobyl and Lidomir, would die, but their third son, Nezamysl would live and continue the Přemyslid dynasty. Legend has it that the staff continued to grow, and the inhabitants of the neighbouring town were given a grant exempting them from taxes, except for a pint of hazel nuts each year, a tradition which continued into the reign of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, from whom Pope Pius II claimed to have seen a charter renewing the exemption.[2]

He was also said to have removed his peasant's bast shoes before donning the royal robe when he was discovered, and ordered the councillors to bring the shoes with them and keep them as a reminder to the people that a peasant had risen to the highest rank, and to his successors to be humble, remember their origin, and defend the peasantry. The custom of exhibiting a pair of bast shoes at the coronation of the kings of Bohemia was said to have continued throughout the Přemyslid dynasty.[2]

The Přemyslid dynasty became extinct in the male line when Wenceslaus III died, but through females the title to Bohemia passed from the Přemyslids to the Luxembourgs and later to the houses of Jagiello, Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine.

Medieval literary traditions

The earliest work mentioning the story about Přemysl and Libuše could be the so-called Christian Legende (Latin title: Vita et passio sancti Vencaslai et sanctae Ludmilae aviae eius) from the end of 10th century, though some historians consider this legend to be a falsum from 12th or 13th century. The legend is further described in the Cosmas Chronicle (Latin title: Chronica Boemorum) written between 1119 and 1125, Short writing about Cyril and Methodius (Latin title: Diffundente sole) from the late 12th century and the Chronicle of Dalimil from the beginning of 14th century.

Several times the legend was recorded during the reign of king and emperor Charles IV in the late 14th century. E.g., the so-called New Chronicle of Bohemiae by Přibík Pulkava and in the chronicle compiled by Giovanni de' Marignolli.

Arts

In addition to appearing in works named for Libuše, Přemysl is also a subject of the writings of Wenceslaus Hajek of Libočany published in 1541, a 1779 ballad by Johann Gottfried Herder, fairy tales by Johann Karl August Musäus, and Clemens Brentano's 1815 The Founding of Prague.[4]

Notes

  1. ^ Franz Grillparzer uses the name "Primislaus" in his drama Libussa,[1] as does Thomas Carlyle in his translation of Johann Karl August Musäus' "Libussa".[2]

References

  1. ^ Demetz, Peter (1997). Prague in Black and Gold: Scenes from the Life of a European City. Hill and Wang. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8090-1609-9.
  2. ^ a b c d Carlyle, Thomas (1874). Tales by Musæus, Tieck, Richter. Vol. 1. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 61–103.
  3. ^ a b c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Přemysl" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 279.
  4. ^ Peter Demetz. Prague in Black and Gold: Scenes from the Life of a European City. Hill and Wang, 1997. pp. 22–24. ISBN 978-0-8090-1609-9

See also

Bibliography

April 03, 2023
přemysl, ploughman, this, article, about, ancient, czech, ruler, other, uses, przemysl, disambiguation, czech, pronunciation, ˈpr, ɛmɪsl, ˈoraːtʃ, listen, přemysl, oráč, english, premysl, przemysl, primislaus, legendary, husband, libuše, ancestor, přemyslid, d. This article is about the ancient Czech ruler For other uses see Przemysl disambiguation Premysl the Ploughman Czech pronunciation ˈpr ɛmɪsl ˈoraːtʃ listen Premysl Orac English Premysl Przemysl or Primislaus nb 1 was the legendary husband of Libuse and ancestor of the Premyslid dynasty containing the line of princes dukes and kings which ruled in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown from 873 or earlier until the murder of Wenceslaus III in 1306 3 Libuse and Premysl 1881 1890 by Josef Vaclav Myslbek Closeup of the sculpture in 2012 at Vysehrad Contents 1 Legend 2 Medieval literary traditions 3 Arts 4 Notes 5 References 6 See also 7 BibliographyLegend EditAccording to a legend Premysl was a free peasant of the village of Stadice who attracted the notice of Libuse daughter of a certain Krok who ruled over a large part of Bohemia 3 Libuse succeeded her father and her councillors demanded that she marry but because Premysl was not a nobleman she recounted a vision in which they would follow a horse let loose at a junction and follow it to find her future husband making it appear as if it was the will of fate not her own wish Two versions of the legend exist one in where they are to find a man ploughing a field with one broken sandal and another in which the man would be sitting in the shade of a single tree eating from an iron table his plough They did so and found Premysl exactly as foretold 2 Premysl married Libuse the traditional foundress of Prague and became prince of the Bohemian Czechs 3 However according to the legends because they found him before he had finished ploughing the field famine was anticipated for the land and did actually come about He was also said to have planted his hazel wood staff in the ground before he left which then grew three sprouts two of which died but the third continued to grow this was an omen that his first two sons with Libuse Radobyl and Lidomir would die but their third son Nezamysl would live and continue the Premyslid dynasty Legend has it that the staff continued to grow and the inhabitants of the neighbouring town were given a grant exempting them from taxes except for a pint of hazel nuts each year a tradition which continued into the reign of Charles IV Holy Roman Emperor from whom Pope Pius II claimed to have seen a charter renewing the exemption 2 He was also said to have removed his peasant s bast shoes before donning the royal robe when he was discovered and ordered the councillors to bring the shoes with them and keep them as a reminder to the people that a peasant had risen to the highest rank and to his successors to be humble remember their origin and defend the peasantry The custom of exhibiting a pair of bast shoes at the coronation of the kings of Bohemia was said to have continued throughout the Premyslid dynasty 2 The Premyslid dynasty became extinct in the male line when Wenceslaus III died but through females the title to Bohemia passed from the Premyslids to the Luxembourgs and later to the houses of Jagiello Habsburg and Habsburg Lorraine Medieval literary traditions EditThe earliest work mentioning the story about Premysl and Libuse could be the so called Christian Legende Latin title Vita et passio sancti Vencaslai et sanctae Ludmilae aviae eius from the end of 10th century though some historians consider this legend to be a falsum from 12th or 13th century The legend is further described in the Cosmas Chronicle Latin title Chronica Boemorum written between 1119 and 1125 Short writing about Cyril and Methodius Latin title Diffundente sole from the late 12th century and the Chronicle of Dalimil from the beginning of 14th century Several times the legend was recorded during the reign of king and emperor Charles IV in the late 14th century E g the so called New Chronicle of Bohemiae by Pribik Pulkava and in the chronicle compiled by Giovanni de Marignolli Arts EditIn addition to appearing in works named for Libuse Premysl is also a subject of the writings of Wenceslaus Hajek of Libocany published in 1541 a 1779 ballad by Johann Gottfried Herder fairy tales by Johann Karl August Musaus and Clemens Brentano s 1815 The Founding of Prague 4 Notes Edit Franz Grillparzer uses the name Primislaus in his drama Libussa 1 as does Thomas Carlyle in his translation of Johann Karl August Musaus Libussa 2 References Edit Demetz Peter 1997 Prague in Black and Gold Scenes from the Life of a European City Hill and Wang p 3 ISBN 978 0 8090 1609 9 a b c d Carlyle Thomas 1874 Tales by Musaeus Tieck Richter Vol 1 London Chapman and Hall pp 61 103 a b c Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Premysl Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 22 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 279 Peter Demetz Prague in Black and Gold Scenes from the Life of a European City Hill and Wang 1997 pp 22 24 ISBN 978 0 8090 1609 9See also EditList of Czech rulersBibliography EditFrantisek Palacky Geschichte von Bohmen Band 1 Prague 1844 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Premysl the Ploughman amp oldid 1144558103, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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