Svatopluk the Lion (Czech: Svatopluk Olomoucký; died 21 September 1109) was Duke of Bohemia from 1107 until his assassination in 1109. His rule was overshadowed by the fierce conflict around the Bohemian throne in the 12th century.
Vratislaus, who had received the title of a Bohemian king by order of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV in 1086, elevated Svatopluk's father Otto (the fourth son of Bretislaus I) to the rank of a prince at Olomouc in Moravia. However, when his father died the next year, young Savatopluk had to yield the inheritance claims raised by Bretislaus's third son, his uncle Conrad I, who took over the rule in the Moravian lands.
Svatopluk himself received the title Prince of Olomouc in 1091, but again had to wait to ascend the Bohemian throne.[3] At the death of Duke Conrad in 1092 after eight months of rule, the Bohemian throne was awarded to Bretislaus II, the son of the late King Vratislaus, according to the rules of agnatic seniority. Nevertheless, the enmity with the Moravian branch of the Přemyslids increased, more so when Duke Bretislaus II appointed his half-brother Bořivoj II ruler of the Moravian lands and made an application to Emperor Henry IV to acknowledge Bořivoj's succession as Bohemian duke, thus precipitating a civil war with the sons of his uncle Conrad I. In 1099, he prevailed when the Emperor had an Imperial charter written out, and after the death of Bretislaus II in 1100, Bořivoj took power.[4]
Emperor Henry IV had to face the fact that his intervention had led to a state of anarchy in Bohemia. When he himself was deposed by his son King Henry V of Germany, Svatopluk took his chance, marched against Duke Bořivoj, and with the support of Bořivoj's younger brother Vladislaus was able to oust him after two years of fighting and intriguing. Henry V summoned Svatopluk, who dared not resist, and retained him captive in order to restore his liensman Bořivoj. Soon, however, he became reconciled to Svatopluk, who pledged allegiance and promised military support in the German king's campaign against King Coloman of Hungary. Savatopluk was released and could return to Bohemia. He made the king godfather of his new son, who was baptised Wenceslaus Henry (Václav Jindřich).
In 1108, Henry V intervened in Hungary on behalf of King Coloman's younger brother Duke Álmos of Nitra. Keeping his promise, Duke Svatopluk at first joined his expedition, but had to return to Bohemia, where Bořivoj had made an attack with the support of the Polish king Bolesław III Wrymouth, an ally of Coloman. The German king had to abandon the siege of Pressburg and King Coloman of Hungary was free to devastate the Moravian lands. Henry was furious and desired to avenge the Polish intervention that caused his Hungarian fiasco. On behalf of Bolesław's expelled brother Zbigniew, he invaded Poland, again with the support of Svatopluk, who led a Bohemian army across the Sudetes into Silesia to join the German forces at the Battle of Głogów. Here Svatopluk was killed on 21 September 1109 in Henry's tent by a member of the Bohemian Vršovice noble family named John, whose chief Mutina he had decapitated for the support he had given to Bořivoj.[5][6]
Bořivoj was not able to succeed Svatopluk; instead the ducal dignity passed to his younger brother Vladislaus.
Referencesedit
^Dudík, Beda Franziskus (1863). Mährens allgemeine Geschichte: Vom Jahre 906 bis zum Jahre 1125 (in German). Druck von G. Gastl. pp. 437–438. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^Mee, Arthur (1907). Harmsworth History of the World. Amalgamated Press. p. 3151. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^Kramář, Josef (1881). Olomouc: královské hlavni město Moravy (in Czech). Nákl. Kramáře a Procházky. p. 112. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^Tomek, Václav Vladivoj Ritter von (1855). Dějepis města Prahy (in Czech). W kommissí u F. Řiwnáče. p. 565. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^Wolverton, Lisa (9 October 2012). Hastening Toward Prague: Power and Society in the Medieval Czech Lands. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 206. ISBN978-0-8122-0422-3. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^Rill, Bernd (2006). Böhmen und Mähren: Von der Urzeit bis zur Französischen Revolution (in German). Katz. p. 127. ISBN978-3-938047-20-0. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
svatopluk, duke, bohemia, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, f. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Svatopluk Duke of Bohemia news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2024 Learn how and when to remove this message Svatopluk the Lion Czech Svatopluk Olomoucky died 21 September 1109 was Duke of Bohemia from 1107 until his assassination in 1109 His rule was overshadowed by the fierce conflict around the Bohemian throne in the 12th century Svatopluk of OlomoucDuke of BohemiaImage of Svatopluk from a fresco in ZnojmoDuke of BohemiaReignMay 1107 21 September 1109PredecessorBorivoj IISuccessorVladislaus IBornc 1075Died 1109 09 21 21 September 1109 aged c 35 Glogow Kingdom of PolandBurialSaint Wenceslas Cathedral OlomoucSpouse IssueWenceslaus Henry of OlomoucHousePremyslid dynastyFatherOtto I of OlomoucMotherEuphemia of Hungary Contents 1 Family 2 Reign 3 References 4 AncestryFamily editA member of the Premyslid dynasty he was the son of Prince Otto I of Olomouc and Euphemia daughter of King Bela I of Hungary 1 His father was the son of Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia 2 When Bretislaus died in 1055 the Bohemian ducal dignity first passed to his eldest son Svatopluk s uncle Spytihnev II and upon Spytihnev s early death in 1061 it passed to Bretislaus s second son Vratislaus II according to the patrilineal principle of agnatic seniority Vratislaus who had received the title of a Bohemian king by order of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV in 1086 elevated Svatopluk s father Otto the fourth son of Bretislaus I to the rank of a prince at Olomouc in Moravia However when his father died the next year young Savatopluk had to yield the inheritance claims raised by Bretislaus s third son his uncle Conrad I who took over the rule in the Moravian lands Reign edit nbsp Baroque tombstone of Svatopluk and his son Wenceslaus Henry in Saint Wenceslas Cathedral Olomouc Czech Republic Svatopluk himself received the title Prince of Olomouc in 1091 but again had to wait to ascend the Bohemian throne 3 At the death of Duke Conrad in 1092 after eight months of rule the Bohemian throne was awarded to Bretislaus II the son of the late King Vratislaus according to the rules of agnatic seniority Nevertheless the enmity with the Moravian branch of the Premyslids increased more so when Duke Bretislaus II appointed his half brother Borivoj II ruler of the Moravian lands and made an application to Emperor Henry IV to acknowledge Borivoj s succession as Bohemian duke thus precipitating a civil war with the sons of his uncle Conrad I In 1099 he prevailed when the Emperor had an Imperial charter written out and after the death of Bretislaus II in 1100 Borivoj took power 4 Emperor Henry IV had to face the fact that his intervention had led to a state of anarchy in Bohemia When he himself was deposed by his son King Henry V of Germany Svatopluk took his chance marched against Duke Borivoj and with the support of Borivoj s younger brother Vladislaus was able to oust him after two years of fighting and intriguing Henry V summoned Svatopluk who dared not resist and retained him captive in order to restore his liensman Borivoj Soon however he became reconciled to Svatopluk who pledged allegiance and promised military support in the German king s campaign against King Coloman of Hungary Savatopluk was released and could return to Bohemia He made the king godfather of his new son who was baptised Wenceslaus Henry Vaclav Jindrich In 1108 Henry V intervened in Hungary on behalf of King Coloman s younger brother Duke Almos of Nitra Keeping his promise Duke Svatopluk at first joined his expedition but had to return to Bohemia where Borivoj had made an attack with the support of the Polish king Boleslaw III Wrymouth an ally of Coloman The German king had to abandon the siege of Pressburg and King Coloman of Hungary was free to devastate the Moravian lands Henry was furious and desired to avenge the Polish intervention that caused his Hungarian fiasco On behalf of Boleslaw s expelled brother Zbigniew he invaded Poland again with the support of Svatopluk who led a Bohemian army across the Sudetes into Silesia to join the German forces at the Battle of Glogow Here Svatopluk was killed on 21 September 1109 in Henry s tent by a member of the Bohemian Vrsovice noble family named John whose chief Mutina he had decapitated for the support he had given to Borivoj 5 6 Borivoj was not able to succeed Svatopluk instead the ducal dignity passed to his younger brother Vladislaus References edit Dudik Beda Franziskus 1863 Mahrens allgemeine Geschichte Vom Jahre 906 bis zum Jahre 1125 in German Druck von G Gastl pp 437 438 Retrieved 1 February 2024 Mee Arthur 1907 Harmsworth History of the World Amalgamated Press p 3151 Retrieved 1 February 2024 Kramar Josef 1881 Olomouc kralovske hlavni mesto Moravy in Czech Nakl Kramare a Prochazky p 112 Retrieved 1 February 2024 Tomek Vaclav Vladivoj Ritter von 1855 Dejepis mesta Prahy in Czech W kommissi u F Riwnace p 565 Retrieved 1 February 2024 Wolverton Lisa 9 October 2012 Hastening Toward Prague Power and Society in the Medieval Czech Lands University of Pennsylvania Press p 206 ISBN 978 0 8122 0422 3 Retrieved 1 February 2024 Rill Bernd 2006 Bohmen und Mahren Von der Urzeit bis zur Franzosischen Revolution in German Katz p 127 ISBN 978 3 938047 20 0 Retrieved 1 February 2024 Ancestry editAncestors of Svatopluk Duke of Bohemia16 Boleslaus II of Bohemia8 Oldrich of Bohemia17 Adiva or Emma of Melnik4 Bretislaus I of Bohemia18 Kresina9 Bozena19 2 Otto I of Olomouc20 Berthold10 Henry of Schweinfurt21 Eilika of Walbeck5 Judith of Schweinfurt22 Otto II of Henneberg11 Gerberga of Henneberg23 1 Svatopluk Duke of Bohemia24 Mihaly12 Vazul25 Adelajda of Poland6 Bela I of Hungary26 13 27 3 Euphemia of Hungary28 Boleslaw I Chrobry of Poland14 Mieszko II Lambert of Poland29 Emnilda of Lusatia7 Adelaide of Poland30 Ezzo Count Palatine of Lotharingia15 Richeza of Lotharingia31 Matilda of Germany Regnal titles Preceded byBorivoj II Duke of Bohemia1107 1109 Succeeded byVladislaus I Other offices Preceded byBoleslaus Duke of Olomouc1090 1107 Succeeded byOtto II Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Svatopluk Duke of Bohemia amp oldid 1220349039, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
