Coat of arms of the Czech Republic
The coat of arms of the Czech Republic (Czech: Státní znak České republiky) is divided into two principal variants. Greater coat of arms displays the three historical regions—the Czech lands—which make up the nation. Lesser coat of arms displays lone silver double-tailed lion in red shield. The current coats of arms, which was adopted in 1992, was designed by Czech heraldist Jiří Louda.[1]
| Greater coat of arms of the Czech Republic | |
|---|---|
| Versions | |
Presidential version with the motto used on Czech Presidential Standard | |
| Armiger | Czech Republic |
| Adopted | 17 December 1992 |
| Blazon | Quarterly: first and fourth gules, a lion rampant queue forchée argent armed, langued and crowned Or (Bohemia); second azure, an eagle displayed chequé gules and argent armed, langued and crowned Or (Moravia); third Or, an eagle displayed sable armed and langued gules crowned of the field and charged on the breast with a crescent terminating in trefoils at each end with issuing from the centrepoint a cross patée argent (Silesia). |
| Compartment | The leaves of the linden tree and the red ribbon with the National Motto |
| Motto | PRAVDA VÍTĚZÍ "TRUTH PREVAILS" |
| Lesser coat of arms of the Czech Republic | |
|---|---|
| Armiger | Czech Republic |
| Adopted | 17 December 1992 |
| Blazon | a lion rampant queue forchée argent armed, langued and crowned Or (Czech lands) |
Background
Bohemia and whole Czech lands
The arms of Bohemia show a silver double-tailed lion on a red background.[2] This Bohemian Lion makes up the first and the fourth quarters of the greater coat of arms, so it is repeated in the shield. The Moravian red-and-silver chequered eagle is shown on a blue background. Between 1915 and 1918 the Moravian Eagle was chequered in the red-and-gold colors. The arms of Silesia are a black eagle with the so-called "clover stalk" (lat. perisonium) in her breast on a golden background, although only a small south-eastern part of the historical region (Czech Silesia) belongs to the Czech Republic (the main part is now in Poland).
The rulers of Bohemia originally bore for arms a so-called St. Wenceslas flaming eagle. In the 12th century, Emperor Frederick granted new arms to King Vladislaus II consisting of a silver lion on a red field, to symbolise his valor. The lion was at first represented with one tail. Later a second tail was added, for the help provided by the King Přemysl Otakar I fighting the Saxons (Beware - this is just a legend (from Dalimil's chronicle)).[3] During the first half of the 13th century the kings of Bohemia used a coat of arms bearing a black eagle in a silver shield. Red gonfanons had appeared earlier. From 1253 a two-tailed silver lion in a red field had been the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia. This lion was originally a sign of the Moravian margraves.[4][5][6][7][8]
The oldest surviving full color depiction of the arms of Bohemia appears in the Passional of Abbes Cunegund from the 1310s.[9] The Moravian Eagle was first documented on the seal of Ottokar's uncle, Margrave Přemysl (d. 1239). The Silesian Eagle stems from the ruling dynasty of the Piasts and was first applied by Duke Henry II the Pious (1238-1241). The shields also appeared on the emblems of the Crown of Bohemia established by Emperor Charles IV.
The greater shield was also used as the badge for the Czech national ice hockey team until 2018. The Czech national football team also featured it in their shirts, until being replaced with a newer, more streamlined badge featuring only the Bohemian lion, since the UEFA Euro 2012.
Variants
Greater version
The greater coat of arms is blazoned in Czech law as follows:
A shield quartered: first and fourth gules, a lion rampant queue forchée argent armed, langued and crowned Or; second azure, an eagle displayed chequé gules and argent armed, langued and crowned Or; third Or, an eagle displayed sable armed and langued gules crowned of the field and charged on the breast with a crescent terminating in trefoils at each end with issuing from the centrepoint a cross patée argent.[10]
Lesser version
The lesser coat of arms is blazoned in Czech law:[11]
The lesser national coat of arms is a red shield, in it a silver double-tailed lion rampant with golden crown and golden armament.
History
Czech lands
- Original depictions:
Přemyslid dynasty (Duchy of Bohemia)
Right: The earliest known colored coat of arms of Přemyslids depicted in the Passional of Abbes Kunigunde (1310s)Kingdom of Bohemia (Royal Arms of Bohemia)
Right: The oldest depiction of coat of arms of Bohemia, castle Gozzoburg in Krems, fresco painting from the beginning of 70th of 13. centuryRight: The oldest depiction of coat of arms of Moravia, castle Gozzoburg in Krems, fresco painting from the beginning of 70th of 13. century
Lesser Royal Arms of Bohemia
Right: Colored coat of arms of Bohemia depicted in the Passional of Abbes Kunigunde (1310s)Royal Arms of Bohemia by austrian heraldist Hugo Gerard Ströhl (1851–1919)
Kingdom of Bohemia
(Royal Arms of Bohemia)
- Graphic versions:
later form
Bohemian Crown lands
- Original depictions:
- Graphic versions:
Lands of the Bohemian Crown
(simplified)Lesser Royal Arms of Bohemia
Royal Arms of Bohemia with crown of Saint Wenceslas
Lands of the Bohemian Crown
Coat of arms of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia
Czechoslovakia
Provisional coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1919–1920)
Greater coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1920–1960)
Middle coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1920–1960)
Lesser coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1920–1960)
Czechoslovakia (1960–1990)
Czechoslovakia (1990–1992)
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Greater CoA of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Lesser CoA of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Czech Republic
Greater coat of arms of the Czech Republic (1990–1992)
Lesser coat of arms of the Czech Republic (1990–1992)
See also
References and external links
- ^ Velinger, Jan (2015-09-02). "Heraldist, WWII vet, Jiří Louda dies at 94". Radio Prague. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
- ^ Blazonied as gules, a lion rampant, queue fourchee argent, crowned, langued and armed or.
- ^ LOUDA, Jiří: Království české: erby a rodokmeny vladnoucích rodů (Czech Kingdom: Coats of Arms and Family Trees of Governing Arostocratic Families) … Havířov : Petr P.Pavlík, 1996. s. 22-23. ISBN 80-85574-09-8.
- ^ Česká panovnická a státní symbolika. Vývoj od středověku do současnosti (Czech Sovereigns´ and State´s Symbols). Ed. Eva Gregorovičová. Státní ústřední archiv, Praha 2002, s. 10.
- ^ Státní znak České republiky, jeho předchůdci a současná podoba : http://www.senat.cz/zajimavosti/znaky_a_vlajky/index.html 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Rostislav Nový: K počátkům feudální monarchie v Čechách II. Časopis národního musea 1978.
- ^ MARÁZ, Karel: Sfragistika: studijní texty pro posluchače pomocných věd historických a archivnictví: Panovnická a státní sfragistika : Masarykova univerzita, Brno, s. 70-95. https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/bitstream/handle/11222.digilib/131291/Books_2010_2019_063-2014-1_16.pdf?sequence=1 ISBN 978-80-210-7143-8
- ^ Umění doby posledních Přemyslovců, Praha 1982, kapitola K ikonografii pečetí posledních Přemyslovců
- ^ . ces.mkcr.cz. Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic: Central Registry of Museum-type Collections. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
- ^ Original text of Czech statute 1993:3, 1 §, states: Velký státní znak tvoří čtvrcený štít, v jehož prvním a čtvrtém červeném poli je stříbrný dvouocasý lev ve skoku se zlatou korunou a zlatou zbrojí. Ve druhém modrém poli je stříbrno-červeně šachovaná orlice se zlatou korunou a zlatou zbrojí. Ve třetím zlatém poli je černá orlice se stříbrným půlměsícem zakončeným jetelovými trojlístky a uprostřed s křížkem, se zlatou korunou a červenou zbrojí.
- ^ Original text of Czech statute 1993:3, 1 §, states: Malý státní znak tvoří červený štít, v němž je stříbrný dvouocasý lev ve skoku se zlatou korunou a zlatou zbrojí.