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List of European countries by area

December 20, 2023

Below is a list of European countries and dependencies by area in Europe.[1] As a continent, Europe's total geographical area is about 10 million square kilometres.[2] Transcontinental countries are ranked according to the size of their European part only. Inland water is included in area numbers.

List of European countries and dependencies by area edit

Country or dependency %
total 		Europe Area
(km2) (mi2)
–   Europe 100% 10,014,000 3,866,000
1 T   Russia 39.5% 3,952,550 1,526,090 [a]
2     Ukraine 6.0% 603,549 233,032 [b]
3 T   France 5.4% 543,941 210,017 [c]
4 T   Spain 5.0% 498,485 192,466 [d]
5     Sweden 4.4% 438,574 169,334
6     Germany 3.6% 357,581 138,063
7     Finland 3.4% 336,884 130,072 [e]
8     Norway 3.2% 323,772 125,009 [f]
9     Poland 3.1% 312,679 120,726
10 T   Italy 3.0% 301,958 116,587 [g]
11     United Kingdom 2.4% 244,376 94,354 [h]
12     Romania 2.4% 238,298 92,007
13     Belarus 2.1% 207,600 80,200
14 T   Kazakhstan 1.5% 148,000 57,000 [i]
15     Greece 1.3% 131,957 50,949
16     Bulgaria 1.1% 110,372 42,615
17     Iceland 1.0% 103,000 40,000
18     Hungary 0.9% 93,025 35,917
19 T   Portugal 0.9% 91,421 35,298 [j]
20     Austria 0.8% 83,878 32,385
21     Czech Republic 0.8% 78,871 30,452
22     Serbia 0.8% 77,589 29,957 [k]
23     Ireland 0.7% 69,825 26,960
24     Lithuania 0.7% 65,286 25,207
25     Latvia 0.6% 64,594 24,940
26     Croatia 0.6% 56,594 21,851
27     Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.5% 51,209 19,772
28     Slovakia 0.5% 49,035 18,933
29     Estonia 0.5% 45,399 17,529
30     Denmark 0.4% 42,947 16,582
31 T   Netherlands 0.4% 41,543 16,040 [l]
32      Switzerland 0.4% 41,291 15,943
33     Moldova 0.3% 33,847 13,068
34     Belgium 0.3% 30,528 11,787
35     Albania 0.3% 28,748 11,100
36     North Macedonia 0.3% 25,713 9,928
37 T   Turkey 0.2% 23,757 9,173 [m]
38     Slovenia 0.2% 20,273 7,827
39     Montenegro 0.1% 13,888 5,362
–     Kosovo 0.1% 10,910 4,210 [n]
40 T   Azerbaijan 0.07% 6,960 2,690 [o]
–     Transnistria 4,163 1,607 [p]
41 T   Georgia 0.03% 3,040 1,170 [q]
42     Luxembourg 0.03% 2,586 998
–     Svalbard (Norway) 0.03% 2,530 980 [r]
–     Åland (Finland) 0.02% 1,583 611 [s]
–     Faroe Islands (Denmark) 0.01% 1,393 538
–     Isle of Man (UK) 0.006% 572 221
43     Andorra 0.005% 468 181
44     Malta 0.003% 315 122
45     Liechtenstein 0.002% 160 62
–     Jersey (UK) 0.001% 116 45
–     Guernsey (UK) 0.001% 64 25
46     San Marino 0.001% 61 24
–     Gibraltar (UK) 0% 7 2.7 [t]
47     Monaco 0% 2 0.77 [u]
48      Vatican City 0% 0 0 [v]
– C   Abkhazia (8,665) (3,346) [w]
– C   South Ossetia (3,900) (1,506) [x]
– C   Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK) 0% (254) (98) [y]
49 C   Armenia 0% (29,743) (11,484) [z]
– C   Artsakh 0% (3,170) (1,224) [aa]
50 C   Cyprus 0% (9,251) (3,572) [ab]
– C   Greenland (Denmark) 0% (2,166,086) (836,327) [ac]
– C   Northern Cyprus 0% (3,355) (1,295) [ad]

Definition edit

Europe and Asia are contiguous with each other; thus, the exact boundary between them is not clearly defined, and often follows historical, political, and cultural definitions, rather than geographical.

Map of Europe, showing one of the most commonly used continental boundaries[ae]

Legend:

Blue = Contiguous transcontinental countries
Green = Sometimes considered European but geographically outside Europe's boundaries

See also edit


Notes edit

  1. ^ Comprising European Russia. Excludes annexations that are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. Total area is 17,035,650 km² when including Siberia or North Asia (13,083,100 km²).[3]
  2. ^ Includes Crimea (26,945 km²) and other territory annexed by Russia but internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.[4]
  3. ^ Mainland France (535,261 km²) and Corsica (8,680 km²) comprise European France or Metropolitan France. Total area is 633,109 km² when including Overseas departments (89,168 km²).[5]
  4. ^ Excluding Ceuta (19 km²), Melilla (12 km²), and the Canary Islands (7,493 km²). Total area is 506,009 km².[6]
  5. ^ Excludes Aland.
  6. ^ Excludes Svalbard.
  7. ^ Excluding the African islands of Pantelleria (25 km²) and Lampedusa e Linosa (85 km²). Total area including these is 302,068 km².[7][8]
  8. ^ Constituent countries have area 130,267 km² (England), 13,511 km² (Northern Ireland), 78,286 km² (Scotland) and 20,700 km² (Wales).[9]
  9. ^ European portion is about 5% of total area, with the rest in Central Asia. Nine districts are entirely in Europe, but the Ural river runs through the middle of four districts (Akzhaik, Inder, Makhambet, and Atyrau). Value given is a point estimate between entirely excluding (122,176 km²) or including (174,814 km²) these four districts. Overall area is 2,724,902 km².[10]
  10. ^ Excluding Madeira (801 km²). Total area is 92,225 km².[11]
  11. ^ Area is from official figures, but excluding Kosovo.[12]
  12. ^ Area is 34,651 km² when including the Caribbean Netherlands (322 km²).[13]
  13. ^ European Turkey or East Thrace comprises the entire provinces of Tekirdağ, Kırklareli and Edirne, as well as the portion of Istanbul Province west of the Bosporus Strait and the portion of Çanakkale Province north of the Dardanelles Strait.[14] Total area is 769,734 km² when including Asia Minor or Anatolia (745,978 km²).
  14. ^ A partially recognized state also claimed by Serbia. Area is from official figures.[15]
  15. ^ The Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region comprises Azerbaijan's land north of the Caucasus. Some definitions of the Europe-Asia border place more of Azerbaijan in Europe. Total area is 86,600 km².[16]
  16. ^ De facto state with limited recognition. Internationally recognized as part of Moldova.[17]
  17. ^ The historically defined regions of Khevi, Khevsureti and Tusheti comprise Georgia's area north of the Greater Caucasus.[18] Some definitions place the Europe-Asia border inside of Georgia. Total area is 69,700 km².
  18. ^ An integral part of Norway. Classified as a territory by the ISO 3166-1, which groups it with Jan Mayen.
  19. ^ An integral but autonomous region of Finland. Classified as a territory by the ISO 3166-1.
  20. ^ Figures are from the BBC.[19]
  21. ^ Area and population are from official figures.[20]
  22. ^ The De Agostini Atlas Calendar listed the area of Vatican City as 0.44 km² in its 1930 edition[21] but corrected it to 0.49 km² in its 1945–46 edition.[22] The figure of 0.44 km2 is still widely cited by many sources despite its inaccuracy.
  23. ^ An unknown portion may lie north of the Caucasus, so total figures are given.[23] De facto state with limited recognition. Internationally recognized as part of Georgia.
  24. ^ An unknown portion may lie north of the Caucasus, so total figures are given.[24] De facto state with limited recognition. Internationally recognized as part of Georgia.
  25. ^ Culturally but often not geographically in Europe, so total figures are given. Part of the island of Cyprus.[25]
  26. ^ Culturally but often not geographically in Europe, so total figures are given.
  27. ^ Total figures given. Formerly a de facto state also claimed by Azerbaijan, which took control of the region in late 2023. Will be formally abolished at end of 2023.
  28. ^ Culturally but often not geographically in Europe, so total figures are given. Not including Northern Cyprus or Akrotiri and Dhekelia.[26]
  29. ^ Culturally tied to Europe but not a geographic part of it, so total figures are given.
  30. ^ Culturally but often not geographically in Europe, so total figures are given. Part of the island of Cyprus and claimed by the state of Cyprus.[27][28]
  31. ^ The map shows one of the most commonly accepted delineations of the geographical boundaries of Europe, as used by National Geographic and Encyclopædia Britannica. Whether countries are considered in Europe or Asia can vary in sources, for example in the classification of the CIA World Factbook or that of the BBC. Certain countries in Europe, such as France, have territories lying geographically outside Europe, but which are nevertheless considered integral parts of that country.

References edit

  1. ^ Source unless otherwise specified: Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density (PDF) (Report). United Nations Statistics Division. 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2023. Entries in this table giving figures other than the figures given in this source are explained in the associated Note.
  2. ^ "Map and Details of all 7 Continents". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  3. ^ "Russia : Administrative Division". City Population. 8 Oct 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  4. ^ "Ukraine: Provinces and Major Cities". City Population. 22 Oct 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  5. ^ "France: Administrative Division". City Population. 28 Jan 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  6. ^ "Population by Autonomous Community and Autonomous City and sex". ine.es. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  7. ^ "Monthly demographic balance and resident population by sex, year 2023". istat.it. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  8. ^ "Main geographical statistics on municipalities". istat.it. 22 Jan 2013. Municipal and provincial data. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  9. ^ "Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2021". ons.gov.uk. 21 Dec 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  10. ^ "Kazakhstan: Administrative Division". City Population. 11 Dec 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  11. ^ "Statistics Portugal". ine.pt. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  12. ^ "Serbia : Regions, Districts and Major Cities". City Population. 28 May 2023. Retrieved 5 Nov 2023.
  13. ^ "Netherlands : Major Urban Centers". City Population. 15 Sep 2022. Retrieved 28 Oct 2023.
  14. ^ "Turkey: Administrative Division". City Population. 12 Feb 2023. Retrieved 5 Nov 2023.
  15. ^ "Kosovo". City Population. 7 Sep 2023. Retrieved 5 Nov 2023.
  16. ^ "Territories, number and density of population by economic and administrative regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan". The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  17. ^ "Transnistria profile". bbc.com. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 3 Dec 2023.
  18. ^ "Some Demographic Trends in Borderline Regions of East Caucasus Mountains (Georgia)". Research Gate. Jan 2019. Retrieved 4 Dec 2023.
  19. ^ "Gibraltar profile". BBC. 19 May 2023. Retrieved 28 Oct 2023.
  20. ^ "Key Facts About Monaco". Embassy of Monaco in Washington DC. 2020. Retrieved 28 Oct 2023.
  21. ^ De Agostini Atlas Calendar, 1930, p. 99. (in Italian)
  22. ^ De Agostini Atlas Calendar, 1945–46, p. 128. (in Italian)
  23. ^ "Georgia: Abkhazia". City Population. 14 Jan 2021. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  24. ^ "Georgia: South Ossetia". City Population. 14 Jan 2021. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  25. ^ "Akrotiri and Dhekelia". City Population. 4 Aug 2023. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  26. ^ "Cyprus". City Population. 4 Aug 2023. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  27. ^ Muhammet İkbal Arslan (10 October 2022). "KKTC'nin nüfusu 382 bin 836 olarak hesaplandı" (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency.
  28. ^ "Northern Cyprus". City Population. 30 Nov 2020. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.

December 20, 2023
list, european, countries, area, below, list, european, countries, dependencies, area, europe, continent, europe, total, geographical, area, about, million, square, kilometres, transcontinental, countries, ranked, according, size, their, european, part, only, . Below is a list of European countries and dependencies by area in Europe 1 As a continent Europe s total geographical area is about 10 million square kilometres 2 Transcontinental countries are ranked according to the size of their European part only Inland water is included in area numbers Contents 1 List of European countries and dependencies by area 2 Definition 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesList of European countries and dependencies by area editCountry or dependency total Europe Area km2 mi2 Europe 100 10 014 000 3 866 0001 T nbsp Russia 39 5 3 952 550 1 526 090 a 2 nbsp Ukraine 6 0 603 549 233 032 b 3 T nbsp France 5 4 543 941 210 017 c 4 T nbsp Spain 5 0 498 485 192 466 d 5 nbsp Sweden 4 4 438 574 169 3346 nbsp Germany 3 6 357 581 138 0637 nbsp Finland 3 4 336 884 130 072 e 8 nbsp Norway 3 2 323 772 125 009 f 9 nbsp Poland 3 1 312 679 120 72610 T nbsp Italy 3 0 301 958 116 587 g 11 nbsp United Kingdom 2 4 244 376 94 354 h 12 nbsp Romania 2 4 238 298 92 00713 nbsp Belarus 2 1 207 600 80 20014 T nbsp Kazakhstan 1 5 148 000 57 000 i 15 nbsp Greece 1 3 131 957 50 94916 nbsp Bulgaria 1 1 110 372 42 61517 nbsp Iceland 1 0 103 000 40 00018 nbsp Hungary 0 9 93 025 35 91719 T nbsp Portugal 0 9 91 421 35 298 j 20 nbsp Austria 0 8 83 878 32 38521 nbsp Czech Republic 0 8 78 871 30 45222 nbsp Serbia 0 8 77 589 29 957 k 23 nbsp Ireland 0 7 69 825 26 96024 nbsp Lithuania 0 7 65 286 25 20725 nbsp Latvia 0 6 64 594 24 94026 nbsp Croatia 0 6 56 594 21 85127 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 5 51 209 19 77228 nbsp Slovakia 0 5 49 035 18 93329 nbsp Estonia 0 5 45 399 17 52930 nbsp Denmark 0 4 42 947 16 58231 T nbsp Netherlands 0 4 41 543 16 040 l 32 nbsp Switzerland 0 4 41 291 15 94333 nbsp Moldova 0 3 33 847 13 06834 nbsp Belgium 0 3 30 528 11 78735 nbsp Albania 0 3 28 748 11 10036 nbsp North Macedonia 0 3 25 713 9 92837 T nbsp Turkey 0 2 23 757 9 173 m 38 nbsp Slovenia 0 2 20 273 7 82739 nbsp Montenegro 0 1 13 888 5 362 nbsp Kosovo 0 1 10 910 4 210 n 40 T nbsp Azerbaijan 0 07 6 960 2 690 o nbsp Transnistria 4 163 1 607 p 41 T nbsp Georgia 0 03 3 040 1 170 q 42 nbsp Luxembourg 0 03 2 586 998 nbsp Svalbard Norway 0 03 2 530 980 r nbsp Aland Finland 0 02 1 583 611 s nbsp Faroe Islands Denmark 0 01 1 393 538 nbsp Isle of Man UK 0 006 572 22143 nbsp Andorra 0 005 468 18144 nbsp Malta 0 003 315 12245 nbsp Liechtenstein 0 002 160 62 nbsp Jersey UK 0 001 116 45 nbsp Guernsey UK 0 001 64 2546 nbsp San Marino 0 001 61 24 nbsp Gibraltar UK 0 7 2 7 t 47 nbsp Monaco 0 2 0 77 u 48 nbsp Vatican City 0 0 0 v C nbsp Abkhazia 8 665 3 346 w C nbsp South Ossetia 3 900 1 506 x C nbsp Akrotiri and Dhekelia UK 0 254 98 y 49 C nbsp Armenia 0 29 743 11 484 z C nbsp Artsakh 0 3 170 1 224 aa 50 C nbsp Cyprus 0 9 251 3 572 ab C nbsp Greenland Denmark 0 2 166 086 836 327 ac C nbsp Northern Cyprus 0 3 355 1 295 ad Definition editEurope and Asia are contiguous with each other thus the exact boundary between them is not clearly defined and often follows historical political and cultural definitions rather than geographical nbsp Alb Andorra Austria Azer Belarus Belg Bosnia Bulgaria ChannelIs Croatia CzechRep Denmark Estonia Finland France Gib UK Germany Georgia Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy IoM S Mar Kazakhstan Kos Latvia Liech Lithuania Lux Malta Moldova Mon Mont Nether N Mac Norway Svalbard Nor Poland Portugal Romania Russia Franz Josef Land Rus Serbia Slovakia Slo Spain Sweden Switz erland Turkey Ukraine UnitedKingdom Far Dk Vat Armenia Cyprus Greenland Dk Adr iatic Sea Arctic Ocean BalticSea Aegean Sea Barents Sea Bay ofBiscay BlackSea CaspianSea CelticSea Greenland Sea Baffin Bay Gulf ofCadiz LigurianSea Mediterranean Sea NorthAtlanticOcean NorthSea NorwegianSea Strait of Gibraltar Map of Europe showing one of the most commonly used continental boundaries ae Legend Blue Contiguous transcontinental countriesGreen Sometimes considered European but geographically outside Europe s boundariesSee also editArea and population of European countries List of countries and dependencies by area List of European countries by populationNotes edit Comprising European Russia Excludes annexations that are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine Total area is 17 035 650 km when including Siberia or North Asia 13 083 100 km 3 Includes Crimea 26 945 km and other territory annexed by Russia but internationally recognized as part of Ukraine 4 Mainland France 535 261 km and Corsica 8 680 km comprise European France or Metropolitan France Total area is 633 109 km when including Overseas departments 89 168 km 5 Excluding Ceuta 19 km Melilla 12 km and the Canary Islands 7 493 km Total area is 506 009 km 6 Excludes Aland Excludes Svalbard Excluding the African islands of Pantelleria 25 km and Lampedusa e Linosa 85 km Total area including these is 302 068 km 7 8 Constituent countries have area 130 267 km England 13 511 km Northern Ireland 78 286 km Scotland and 20 700 km Wales 9 European portion is about 5 of total area with the rest in Central Asia Nine districts are entirely in Europe but the Ural river runs through the middle of four districts Akzhaik Inder Makhambet and Atyrau Value given is a point estimate between entirely excluding 122 176 km or including 174 814 km these four districts Overall area is 2 724 902 km 10 Excluding Madeira 801 km Total area is 92 225 km 11 Area is from official figures but excluding Kosovo 12 Area is 34 651 km when including the Caribbean Netherlands 322 km 13 European Turkey or East Thrace comprises the entire provinces of Tekirdag Kirklareli and Edirne as well as the portion of Istanbul Province west of the Bosporus Strait and the portion of Canakkale Province north of the Dardanelles Strait 14 Total area is 769 734 km when including Asia Minor or Anatolia 745 978 km A partially recognized state also claimed by Serbia Area is from official figures 15 The Guba Khachmaz Economic Region comprises Azerbaijan s land north of the Caucasus Some definitions of the Europe Asia border place more of Azerbaijan in Europe Total area is 86 600 km 16 De facto state with limited recognition Internationally recognized as part of Moldova 17 The historically defined regions of Khevi Khevsureti and Tusheti comprise Georgia s area north of the Greater Caucasus 18 Some definitions place the Europe Asia border inside of Georgia Total area is 69 700 km An integral part of Norway Classified as a territory by the ISO 3166 1 which groups it with Jan Mayen An integral but autonomous region of Finland Classified as a territory by the ISO 3166 1 Figures are from the BBC 19 Area and population are from official figures 20 The De Agostini Atlas Calendar listed the area of Vatican City as 0 44 km in its 1930 edition 21 but corrected it to 0 49 km in its 1945 46 edition 22 The figure of 0 44 km2 is still widely cited by many sources despite its inaccuracy An unknown portion may lie north of the Caucasus so total figures are given 23 De facto state with limited recognition Internationally recognized as part of Georgia An unknown portion may lie north of the Caucasus so total figures are given 24 De facto state with limited recognition Internationally recognized as part of Georgia Culturally but often not geographically in Europe so total figures are given Part of the island of Cyprus 25 Culturally but often not geographically in Europe so total figures are given Total figures given Formerly a de facto state also claimed by Azerbaijan which took control of the region in late 2023 Will be formally abolished at end of 2023 Culturally but often not geographically in Europe so total figures are given Not including Northern Cyprus or Akrotiri and Dhekelia 26 Culturally tied to Europe but not a geographic part of it so total figures are given Culturally but often not geographically in Europe so total figures are given Part of the island of Cyprus and claimed by the state of Cyprus 27 28 The map shows one of the most commonly accepted delineations of the geographical boundaries of Europe as used by National Geographic and Encyclopaedia Britannica Whether countries are considered in Europe or Asia can vary in sources for example in the classification of the CIA World Factbook or that of the BBC Certain countries in Europe such as France have territories lying geographically outside Europe but which are nevertheless considered integral parts of that country References edit Source unless otherwise specified Demographic Yearbook Table 3 Population by sex rate of population increase surface area and density PDF Report United Nations Statistics Division 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2023 Entries in this table giving figures other than the figures given in this source are explained in the associated Note Map and Details of all 7 Continents WorldAtlas Retrieved 4 May 2019 Russia Administrative Division City Population 8 Oct 2022 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Ukraine Provinces and Major Cities City Population 22 Oct 2022 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 France Administrative Division City Population 28 Jan 2022 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Population by Autonomous Community and Autonomous City and sex ine es Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Monthly demographic balance and resident population by sex year 2023 istat it Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Main geographical statistics on municipalities istat it 22 Jan 2013 Municipal and provincial data Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Population estimates for the UK England Wales Scotland and Northern Ireland mid 2021 ons gov uk 21 Dec 2022 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Kazakhstan Administrative Division City Population 11 Dec 2022 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Statistics Portugal ine pt Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Serbia Regions Districts and Major Cities City Population 28 May 2023 Retrieved 5 Nov 2023 Netherlands Major Urban Centers City Population 15 Sep 2022 Retrieved 28 Oct 2023 Turkey Administrative Division City Population 12 Feb 2023 Retrieved 5 Nov 2023 Kosovo City Population 7 Sep 2023 Retrieved 5 Nov 2023 Territories number and density of population by economic and administrative regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan 2021 Retrieved 24 April 2022 Transnistria profile bbc com 22 May 2023 Retrieved 3 Dec 2023 Some Demographic Trends in Borderline Regions of East Caucasus Mountains Georgia Research Gate Jan 2019 Retrieved 4 Dec 2023 Gibraltar profile BBC 19 May 2023 Retrieved 28 Oct 2023 Key Facts About Monaco Embassy of Monaco in Washington DC 2020 Retrieved 28 Oct 2023 De Agostini Atlas Calendar 1930 p 99 in Italian De Agostini Atlas Calendar 1945 46 p 128 in Italian Georgia Abkhazia City Population 14 Jan 2021 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Georgia South Ossetia City Population 14 Jan 2021 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Akrotiri and Dhekelia City Population 4 Aug 2023 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Cyprus City Population 4 Aug 2023 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Muhammet Ikbal Arslan 10 October 2022 KKTC nin nufusu 382 bin 836 olarak hesaplandi in Turkish Anadolu Agency Northern Cyprus City Population 30 Nov 2020 Retrieved 29 Oct 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of European countries by area amp oldid 1190599610, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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