The Greater Caucasus (Azerbaijani: Böyük Qafqaz, Бөјүк Гафгаз, بيوک قافقاز; Georgian: დიდი კავკასიონი, Didi K’avk’asioni; Russian: Большой Кавказ, Bolshoy Kavkaz, sometimes translated as "Caucasus Major", "Big Caucasus" or "Large Caucasus") is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains.
The range stretches for about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from west-northwest to east-southeast, between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea: from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian.
The Central Caucasus between Mount Elbrus and Mount Kazbek
The Eastern Caucasus between Mount Kazbek and the Caspian Sea
In the wetter Western Caucasus, the mountains are heavily forested (deciduous forest up to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), coniferous forest up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) and alpine meadows above the tree line). In the drier Eastern Caucasus, the mountains are mostly treeless.
The watershed of the Caucasus was the border between the Caucasia province of the Russian Empire in the north and the Ottoman Empire and Persia in the south (1801) until the Russian victory in 1813 and the Treaty of Gulistan which moved the border of the Russian Empire well within Transcaucasia.[2] The border between Georgia and Russia still follows the watershed almost exactly (except for Georgia's western border, which extends south of the watershed, and a narrow strip of territory in northwestern Kakheti and northern Mtskheta-Mtianeti where Georgia extends north of the watershed), while Azerbaijan is south of the watershed except that its northeastern corner has five districts north of the watershed (Khachmaz, Quba, Qusar, Shabran, and Siazan).
Peaks
14th-century Georgian Orthodox Gergeti Trinity Church building, with the Mount Kazbek in the background
^18th-century definitions drew the boundary north of the Caucasus, across the Kuma–Manych Depression. This definition remained in use in the Soviet Union during the 20th century. In western literature, the continental boundary has been drawn along the Caucasus watershed since at least the mid-19th century. See e.g. Baron von Haxthausen, "Transcaucasia" (1854); review Dublin university magazine Douglas W. Freshfield, "Journey in the Caucasus", Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, Volumes 13–14, 1869.
greater, caucasus, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, february. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Greater Caucasus news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Greater Caucasus Azerbaijani Boyuk Qafqaz Boјүk Gafgaz بيوک قافقاز Georgian დიდი კავკასიონი Didi K avk asioni Russian Bolshoj Kavkaz Bolshoy Kavkaz sometimes translated as Caucasus Major Big Caucasus or Large Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains Greater CaucasusGreat Caucasus Range near ArkhyzHighest pointPeakMount ElbrusElevation5 642 m 18 510 ft Coordinates43 21 18 N 42 26 31 E 43 35500 N 42 44194 E 43 35500 42 44194 Coordinates 43 21 18 N 42 26 31 E 43 35500 N 42 44194 E 43 35500 42 44194DimensionsLength1 200 km 750 mi NW SEGeographySatellite imageCountriesAzerbaijan Georgia Russia South Ossetia and AbkhaziaRegionCaucasusParent rangeCaucasus MountainsBorders onLesser CaucasusThe range stretches for about 1 200 kilometres 750 mi from west northwest to east southeast between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian Contents 1 Geography 2 Europe Asia boundary 3 Watershed 4 Peaks 5 Passes 6 See also 7 ReferencesGeography EditSee also Main Caucasian Range Lateral Range and Skalisty Range Caucasus The range is traditionally separated into three parts The Western Caucasus between the Black Sea and Mount Elbrus The Central Caucasus between Mount Elbrus and Mount Kazbek The Eastern Caucasus between Mount Kazbek and the Caspian SeaIn the wetter Western Caucasus the mountains are heavily forested deciduous forest up to 1 500 metres 4 900 ft coniferous forest up to 2 500 metres 8 200 ft and alpine meadows above the tree line In the drier Eastern Caucasus the mountains are mostly treeless Europe Asia boundary EditThe watershed of the Caucasus is also considered by some to be the boundary between Eastern Europe and Western Asia The European part to the north of the watershed is known as Ciscaucasia the Asiatic part to the south as Transcaucasia which is dominated by the Lesser Caucasus mountain range and whose western portion converges with Eastern Anatolia 1 Most of the border of Russia with Georgia and Azerbaijan runs along most of the Caucasus length The Georgian Military Road Darial Gorge and Trans Caucasus Highway traverse this mountain range at altitudes of up to 3 000 metres 9 800 ft Watershed EditThe watershed of the Caucasus was the border between the Caucasia province of the Russian Empire in the north and the Ottoman Empire and Persia in the south 1801 until the Russian victory in 1813 and the Treaty of Gulistan which moved the border of the Russian Empire well within Transcaucasia 2 The border between Georgia and Russia still follows the watershed almost exactly except for Georgia s western border which extends south of the watershed and a narrow strip of territory in northwestern Kakheti and northern Mtskheta Mtianeti where Georgia extends north of the watershed while Azerbaijan is south of the watershed except that its northeastern corner has five districts north of the watershed Khachmaz Quba Qusar Shabran and Siazan Peaks Edit 14th century Georgian Orthodox Gergeti Trinity Church building with the Mount Kazbek in the background Mount Elbrus 5 642 m 18 510 ft 43 21 18 N 42 26 21 E 43 35500 N 42 43917 E 43 35500 42 43917 Mount Elbrus is the highest mountain in Europe Dykh Tau 5 205 m 17 077 ft 43 3 N 43 8 E 43 050 N 43 133 E 43 050 43 133 Dykh Tau Shkhara 5 201 m 17 064 ft 43 01 N 43 10 E 43 01 N 43 17 E 43 01 43 17 Shkhara Koshtan Tau 5 151 m 16 900 ft 43 03 00 N 43 13 00 E 43 05 N 43 2167 E 43 05 43 2167 Koshtan Tau Shota Rustaveli Peak 4 859 m 15 942 ft 43 01 33 N 43 02 37 E 43 02592 N 43 04349 E 43 02592 43 04349 Shota Rustaveli Peak Kazbek Mkinvartsveri 5 047 m 16 558 ft 42 41 51 N 44 31 08 E 42 69750 N 44 51889 E 42 69750 44 51889 Kazbek Tebulosmta 4 493 m 14 741 ft 42 38 N 45 19 E 42 64 N 45 32 E 42 64 45 32 Tebulosmta Diklosmta 4 285 m 14 058 ft 42 33 N 45 48 E 42 55 N 45 80 E 42 55 45 80 Diklosmta Bazarduzu 4 466 m 14 652 ft 41 16 N 47 47 E 41 27 N 47 79 E 41 27 47 79 Bazarduzu Babadag 3 629 m 11 906 ft 41 03 N 48 17 E 41 05 N 48 29 E 41 05 48 29 Babadag Katyn Tau 4 979 m 16 335 ft 43 01 50 N 43 02 08 E 43 03069 N 43 03555 E 43 03069 43 03555 Katyn Tau Pik Pushkina ru 5 033 m 16 512 ft 43 00 51 N 43 04 12 E 43 01422 N 43 07001 E 43 01422 43 07001 Pushkin Janga 5 051 m 16 572 ft 43 01 08 N 43 03 24 E 43 01889 N 43 05671 E 43 01889 43 05671 Janga Tetnuldi 4 858 m 15 938 ft 43 01 52 N 42 59 35 E 43 03113 N 42 99319 E 43 03113 42 99319 Tetnuld Ushba 4 710 m 15 450 ft 43 07 29 N 42 39 32 E 43 12486 N 42 65901 E 43 12486 42 65901 Ushba Ailama 4 525 m 14 846 ft 42 57 29 N 43 10 43 E 42 95806 N 43 17861 E 42 95806 43 17861 Ailama Mount Karakaya 3 646 m 11 962 ft 43 01 04 N 43 14 44 E 43 01778 N 43 24556 E 43 01778 43 24556 Karakaya highest of the Skalisty Range CaucasusPasses EditBogovatchosgele Pass 2 968 m 9 738 ft 42 35 N 44 53 E 42 59 N 44 89 E 42 59 44 89 Pereval Bogovatchosgele Abano Pass 2 864 m 9 396 ft 42 16 N 45 31 E 42 27 N 45 52 E 42 27 45 52 Abano Pass Mamison Pass 2 836 m 9 304 ft 42 43 N 43 48 E 42 72 N 43 80 E 42 72 43 80 Mamison Pass Datvisjvari Pass 2 689 m 8 822 ft 42 31 N 45 04 E 42 52 N 45 06 E 42 52 45 06 Datvisjvari Pass Marukhi Pass 2 748 m 9 016 ft 43 23 N 41 22 E 43 38 N 41 37 E 43 38 41 37 Marukhis Ugheltekhili Pereval Klukhorskiy 2 786 m 9 140 ft 43 16 N 41 48 E 43 26 N 41 80 E 43 26 41 80 Pereval Klukhorskiy Jvari Pass 2 379 m 7 805 ft 42 30 N 44 27 E 42 50 N 44 45 E 42 50 44 45 Jvari Pass Dubrar Pass 2 209 m 7 247 ft 40 58 N 48 38 E 40 96 N 48 63 E 40 96 48 63 Dubrar Pass The snow capped peaks of the Greater CaucasusSee also EditSkalisty Range CaucasusReferences Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greater Caucasus Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as KML 18th century definitions drew the boundary north of the Caucasus across the Kuma Manych Depression This definition remained in use in the Soviet Union during the 20th century In western literature the continental boundary has been drawn along the Caucasus watershed since at least the mid 19th century See e g Baron von Haxthausen Transcaucasia 1854 review Dublin university magazine Douglas W Freshfield Journey in the Caucasus Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society Volumes 13 14 1869 Encyclopaedia Britannica o 1833 vol 5 p 251 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Greater Caucasus amp oldid 1144733255, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
