According to Polish legend, Mieszko I inherited the ducal throne from his father who probably ruled over two-thirds of the territory inhabited by eastern Lechite tribes. He united the Lechites east of the Oder (Polans, Masovians, Pomeranians, Vistulans, Silesians) into a single country of Poland. His son, Bolesław I the Brave, founded the bishoprics at Wrocław, Kołobrzeg, and Kraków, and an archbishopric at Gniezno. Bolesław carried out successful wars against Bohemia, Moravia, Kievan Rus' and Lusatia, and forced the western Pomeranians to pay Poland a tribute. Shortly before his death Bolesław became the first King of Poland in 1025.
The West Slavs included the ancestors of the peoples known later as Poles, Pomeranians, Czechs, Slovaks, Sorbs and Polabians. The northern so-called Lechitic group includes, along with Polish, endangered Pomeranian and Polabian, a dead language; Silesian, which is variously considered a Polish dialect or a language in its own right, is also part of this group. The Sorbian languages of the southern part of the Polabian area, preserved as relics today in Upper and Lower Lusatia, occupy a place between the Lechitic and Czech-Slovak groups.[5]
In Polish literature Lech was also the name of the legendary founder of Poland. The legend describes three brothers, Lech, Čech, and Rus – who founded three Slavic nations: Poland (also known as Lechia), Bohemia (Čechy, now known as the Czech Republic), and Rus (Ruthenia). In this legend Lech was the founder of Gniezno.
Three brothers Lech, Czech and Rus were exploring the wilderness to find a place to settle. Suddenly they saw a hill with an old oak and an eagle on top. Lech said: this white eagle I will adopt as an emblem of my people, and around this oak I will build my stronghold, and because of the eagle nest (Polish: gniazdo) I will call it Gniezdno (modern: Gniezno). The other brothers went further on to find a place for their people. Czech went to the South (to found the Czech Lands) and Rus went to the East (to create Rus').[12]
A variant of this legend, involving only two brothers Lech and Čech, was first written down by Cosmas of Prague of Bohemia. The legend was described by Kronika wielkopolska ("Greater Poland Chronicle"),[14] written in 1273 in Latin, and Chronicle of Dalimil, written in Czech in 1314.[15]
^"Laesir is the Old Norse term for the Ljachar, a people near the Vistula in Poland". [in:] Theodore Murdock Andersson, Kari Ellen Gade Morkinskinna: The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030–1157). ISBN978-0-8014-3694-9 p. 471; "The word here for Poles is "Laesum" – the dative plural from a nominative plural "Laesir". This clearly is derived from the old name for Pole – "Lyakh", since in the course of the Slavonic paradigm -kh- becomes -s-in accordance with the "second palatalization" and the addition of the regular Norse plural ending of -ir- [...] [in:] The Ukrainian review. 1963. p. 70; "eastern Wends, meaning obviously the Vjatyci/Radimici, Laesir "Poles" or "Western Slavs" (ef. Old Rus'ian ljaxy) [in:] Omeljan Pritsak. Old Scandinavian sources other than the sagas. 1981. p. 300
^ abHenryk Paszkiewicz. The making of the Russian nation. Greenwood Press. 1977. p. 353.
^Bohemia and Poland. Chapter 20.pp 512-513. [in:] Timothy Reuter. The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900-c.1024. 2000
^Knoll & Schaer (eds.), Gesta Principum Polonorum: The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles, (Budapest, 2003
^Ljudmila Mikhailovna Popova (ed.), Gall Anonim, Khronika u Deianiia Kniazei ili Pravitelei Polskikh, (Moscow, 1961
^Laurence Mizler de Kolof (ed.), Historiarum Poloniae et Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae Scriptorum Quotquot Ab Initio Reipublicae Polonae Ad Nostra Usque Temporar Extant Omnium Collectio Magna, (Warsaw, 1769
^Wood, Raymond F. (tr.). "The three books of the deeds of the Saxons, by Widukind of Corvey, translated with introduction, notes, and bibliography." Dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles, 1949. English translation
^Text of "Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae" in Latin
^"Monumenta Poloniae historica" T. 2 red. August Bielowski, Lwów 1872
^ ab"Kronika wielkopolska" ("Greater Poland Chronicle"), Kazimierz Abgarowicz, Brygida Kürbisówna, PWN, Warszawa 1965, second edition Kraków 2010, ISBN978-83-242-1275-0
^Theodore Murdock Andersson, Kari Ellen Gade Morkinskinna: The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157). ISBN978-0-8014-3694-9 p. 471
^Brygida Kürbisówna, "Studia nad Kroniką wielkopolską", Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk, Poznań 1952
^Die alttschechische Reimchronik des sogenannten Dalimil, Munich: Sagner, 1981
November 17, 2023
lechites, polish, lechici, german, lechiten, also, known, lechitic, tribes, polish, plemiona, lechickie, german, lechitische, stämme, name, given, certain, west, slavic, tribes, inhabited, modern, poland, eastern, germany, were, speakers, lechitic, languages, . Lechites Polish Lechici German Lechiten 1 also known as the Lechitic tribes Polish Plemiona lechickie German Lechitische Stamme is a name given to certain West Slavic tribes who inhabited modern day Poland and eastern Germany and were speakers of the Lechitic languages Distinct from the Czech Slovak subgroup they are the closest ancestors of ethnic Poles and of Pomeranians Lusatians and Polabians 2 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 Lechitic group 1 2 Lechitic languages 2 The name Lech 3 Legends 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp Poland under Mieszko s rule between ca 960 992 encompassing most of the Lechitic tribes within its borders nbsp The Limes Saxoniae border between the Saxons and the Lechitic Obotrites established about 810 in present day Schleswig HolsteinAccording to Polish legend Mieszko I inherited the ducal throne from his father who probably ruled over two thirds of the territory inhabited by eastern Lechite tribes He united the Lechites east of the Oder Polans Masovians Pomeranians Vistulans Silesians into a single country of Poland His son Boleslaw I the Brave founded the bishoprics at Wroclaw Kolobrzeg and Krakow and an archbishopric at Gniezno Boleslaw carried out successful wars against Bohemia Moravia Kievan Rus and Lusatia and forced the western Pomeranians to pay Poland a tribute Shortly before his death Boleslaw became the first King of Poland in 1025 Lechitic group edit Poles and Polans Masovians Vistulans Goplans Lendians Silesian tribes Biezunczanie Bobrzanie Dziadoszanie Goleszyce Lubuszanie Opolanie Slezanie Trzebowianie Pomeranians Kashubians Slovincians Pyrzyczanie Wolinianie Polabians Radimichs 4 Vyatichi 4 Obodrites Abodrites Obotrites proper Wagrians Warnower Polabians proper Linonen Wenden Travnjane Drevani Sorbs Venedi Luzyczanie Veleti Wilzi Lutici Liutici Kissini Kessiner Chizzinen Kyzziner Circipani Zirzipanen Tollensians Redarians Ucri Ukr an i Ukranen Rani Rujani Hevelli Stodorani Volinians Velunzani Pyritzans Prissani Lechitic languages edit The West Slavs included the ancestors of the peoples known later as Poles Pomeranians Czechs Slovaks Sorbs and Polabians The northern so called Lechitic group includes along with Polish endangered Pomeranian and Polabian a dead language Silesian which is variously considered a Polish dialect or a language in its own right is also part of this group The Sorbian languages of the southern part of the Polabian area preserved as relics today in Upper and Lower Lusatia occupy a place between the Lechitic and Czech Slovak groups 5 The name Lech edit nbsp Depiction of the legendary ruler Lech in Chronica Polonorum by chronicler Maciej Miechowita Matthias de Miechow The name Lech or Leszek Lestko Leszko Lestek and Lechoslaw is a very popular name in Poland Lech was a popular male name among members of Piast dynasty like Lestko Leszek I the White Leszek II the Black Leszek Duke of Masovia Leszek of Raciborz The oldest part of Gniezno in the center of Great Poland is known as Wzgorze Lecha Lech s Hill as well as Gora Krolewska Royal Hill Lestko also Lestek Leszek mentioned in the Gesta principum Polonorum 6 7 8 completed between 1112 and 1118 by Gallus Anonymus was the second legendary duke of Poland and the son of Siemowit born ca 870 880 The Res gestae saxonicae sive annalium libri tres chronicle of 10th century Germany written by Widukind of Corvey noted that Mieszko I son of Siemomysl and grandchild of Lestek ruled over the tribe called the Licicaviki 9 who lived in what is now Poland and were known as Lestkowici the tribe of Lestek identified by the historians with the Lendians Wincenty Kadlubek in Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae Chronicles of the Kings and Princes of Poland written between 1190 and 1208 used the names Lechitae Lechites lechiticus lechitic and Lechia many times to describe all of medieval Poland 10 11 Chronicle of Greater Poland 1273 described Casimir I the Restorer as king of Poles means Lechites 12 Both the names Poles and Lechites were used in medieval Poland as adequate terms Laesir is the Old Norse term for the Ljachar a people near the Vistula in Poland 13 Different forms of the name Lechia to designate the Polish state persist in several European languages and in some languages of Central Asia and the Middle East Lehia in Romanian Lahestan لهستان in Persian and via borrowing from Persian Lehastan in Armenian and Lehistan in the Ottoman Turkish Legends editIn Polish literature Lech was also the name of the legendary founder of Poland The legend describes three brothers Lech Cech and Rus who founded three Slavic nations Poland also known as Lechia Bohemia Cechy now known as the Czech Republic and Rus Ruthenia In this legend Lech was the founder of Gniezno Three brothers Lech Czech and Rus were exploring the wilderness to find a place to settle Suddenly they saw a hill with an old oak and an eagle on top Lech said this white eagle I will adopt as an emblem of my people and around this oak I will build my stronghold and because of the eagle nest Polish gniazdo I will call it Gniezdno modern Gniezno The other brothers went further on to find a place for their people Czech went to the South to found the Czech Lands and Rus went to the East to create Rus 12 A variant of this legend involving only two brothers Lech and Cech was first written down by Cosmas of Prague of Bohemia The legend was described by Kronika wielkopolska Greater Poland Chronicle 14 written in 1273 in Latin and Chronicle of Dalimil written in Czech in 1314 15 Lechites at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from WikiversitySee also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lechites nbsp Look up lechites in Wiktionary the free dictionary Lech disambiguation Lechia Lendians Polish tribes Sorbian people Lechitic languagesReferences edit Tadeusz Lehr Splawinski Jezyk polski 1978 Laesir is the Old Norse term for the Ljachar a people near the Vistula in Poland in Theodore Murdock Andersson Kari Ellen Gade Morkinskinna The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings 1030 1157 ISBN 978 0 8014 3694 9 p 471 The word here for Poles is Laesum the dative plural from a nominative plural Laesir This clearly is derived from the old name for Pole Lyakh since in the course of the Slavonic paradigm kh becomes s in accordance with the second palatalization and the addition of the regular Norse plural ending of ir in The Ukrainian review 1963 p 70 eastern Wends meaning obviously the Vjatyci Radimici Laesir Poles or Western Slavs ef Old Rus ian ljaxy in Omeljan Pritsak Old Scandinavian sources other than the sagas 1981 p 300 Vandalis Gothis Longobardis Rugis et Gepidis quos vacant aliqui Cimbros quos hodie vocamus Pomeranos in Jan Dlugosz Annales seu cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae t I p 35 a b Henryk Paszkiewicz The making of the Russian nation Greenwood Press 1977 p 353 Bohemia and Poland Chapter 20 pp 512 513 in Timothy Reuter The New Cambridge Medieval History c 900 c 1024 2000 Knoll amp Schaer eds Gesta Principum Polonorum The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles Budapest 2003 Ljudmila Mikhailovna Popova ed Gall Anonim Khronika u Deianiia Kniazei ili Pravitelei Polskikh Moscow 1961 Laurence Mizler de Kolof ed Historiarum Poloniae et Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae Scriptorum Quotquot Ab Initio Reipublicae Polonae Ad Nostra Usque Temporar Extant Omnium Collectio Magna Warsaw 1769 Wood Raymond F tr The three books of the deeds of the Saxons by Widukind of Corvey translated with introduction notes and bibliography Dissertation University of California Los Angeles 1949 English translation Text of Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae in Latin Monumenta Poloniae historica T 2 red August Bielowski Lwow 1872 a b Kronika wielkopolska Greater Poland Chronicle Kazimierz Abgarowicz Brygida Kurbisowna PWN Warszawa 1965 second edition Krakow 2010 ISBN 978 83 242 1275 0 Theodore Murdock Andersson Kari Ellen Gade Morkinskinna The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings 1030 1157 ISBN 978 0 8014 3694 9 p 471 Brygida Kurbisowna Studia nad Kronika wielkopolska Poznanskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciol Nauk Poznan 1952 Die alttschechische Reimchronik des sogenannten Dalimil Munich Sagner 1981 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lechites amp oldid 1180643207, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
