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Lead(II) nitrate

May 19, 2023

Lead(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb(NO3)2. It commonly occurs as a colourless crystal or white powder and, unlike most other lead(II) salts, is soluble in water.

Lead(II) nitrate
Identifiers
  • 10099-74-8 N
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 23300
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.210
EC Number
  • 233-245-9
  • 24924
RTECS number
  • OG2100000
UNII
  • 6E5P1699FI
UN number 1469
  • DTXSID2035069
  • InChI=1S/2NO3.Pb/c2*2-1(3)4;/q2*-1;+2
    Key: RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Pb+2]
Properties
Pb(NO3)2
Molar mass 331.2 g/mol
Appearance colorless or white
Density 4.53 g/cm3
Melting point 470 °C (878 °F; 743 K)[2] decomposes
376.5 g/L (0 °C)
597 g/L (25°C)
1270 g/L (100°C)
−74·10−6 cm3/mol[1]
1.782[2]
Thermochemistry
−451.9 kJ·mol−1[1]
Hazards
GHS labelling:[4]
Danger
H302, H317, H318, H332, H360, H373, H410
P201, P202, P210, P220, P221, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
500 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)[3]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 1000
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Known since the Middle Ages by the name plumbum dulce, the production of lead(II) nitrate from either metallic lead or lead oxide in nitric acid was small-scale, for direct use in making other lead compounds. In the nineteenth century lead(II) nitrate began to be produced commercially in Europe and the United States. Historically, the main use was as a raw material in the production of pigments for lead paints, but such paints have been superseded by less toxic paints based on titanium dioxide. Other industrial uses included heat stabilization in nylon and polyesters, and in coatings of photothermographic paper. Since around the year 2000, lead(II) nitrate has begun to be used in gold cyanidation.

Lead(II) nitrate is toxic and must be handled with care to prevent inhalation, ingestion and skin contact. Due to its hazardous nature, the limited applications of lead(II) nitrate are under constant scrutiny.

History

Lead nitrate was first identified in 1597 by the alchemist Andreas Libavius, who called the substance plumbum dulce, meaning "sweet lead", because of its taste.[5] It is produced commercially by reaction of metallic lead with concentrated nitric acid in which it is sparingly soluble.[6][7] It has been produced as a raw material for making pigments such as chrome yellow (lead(II) chromate, PbCrO4) and chrome orange (basic lead(II) chromate, Pb2CrO5) and Naples yellow. These pigments were used for dyeing and printing calico and other textiles.[8] It has been used as an oxidizer in black powder and together with lead azide in special explosives.[9]

Production

Lead nitrate is produced by reaction of lead(II) oxide with concentrated nitric acid:[10]

PbO + 2 HNO3(concentrated) → Pb(NO3)2↓ + H2O

It may also be obtained evaporation of the solution obtained by reacting metallic lead with dilute nitric acid.[11]

Pb + 4 HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + 2 NO2 + 2 H2O

Solutions and crystals of lead(II) nitrate are formed in the processing of lead–bismuth wastes from lead refineries.[12]

Structure

 
Coordination sphere of the Pb2+ ion
 
Crystal structure of Pb(NO3)2 [111] plane

The crystal structure of solid lead(II) nitrate has been determined by neutron diffraction.[13][14] The compound crystallizes in the cubic system with the lead atoms in a face-centred cubic system. Its space group is Pa3Z=4 (Bravais lattice notation), with each side of the cube with length 784 picometres.

The black dots represent the lead atoms, the white dots the nitrate groups 27 picometres above the plane of the lead atoms, and the blue dots the nitrate groups the same distance below this plane. In this configuration, every lead atom is bonded to twelve oxygen atoms (bond length: 281 pm). All N–O bond lengths are identical, at 127 picometres.[15]


Research interest in the crystal structure of lead(II) nitrate was partly based on the possibility of free internal rotation of the nitrate groups within the crystal lattice at elevated temperatures, but this did not materialise.[14]

Chemical properties and reactions

Solubility of lead nitrate in nitric acid at 26 °C.[16]

Lead nitrate decomposes on heating, a property that has been used in pyrotechnics .[9] It is soluble in water and dilute nitric acid.

Basic nitrates are formed in when alkali is added to a solution. Pb2(OH)2(NO3)2 is the predominant species formed at low pH. At higher pH Pb6(OH)5(NO3) is formed.[17] The cation [Pb6O(OH)6]4+ is unusual in having an oxide ion inside a cluster of 3 face-sharing PbO4 tetrahedra.[18] There is no evidence for the formation of the hydroxide, Pb(OH)2, in aqueous solution below pH 12.

Solutions of lead nitrate can be used to form co-ordination complexes. Lead(II) is a hard acceptor; it forms stronger complexes with nitrogen and oxygen electron-donating ligands. For example, combining lead nitrate and pentaethylene glycol (EO5) in a solution of acetonitrile and methanol followed by slow evaporation produced the compound [Pb(NO3)2(EO5)].[19] In the crystal structure for this compound, the EO5 chain is wrapped around the lead ion in an equatorial plane similar to that of a crown ether. The two bidentate nitrate ligands are in trans configuration. The total coordination number is 10, with the lead ion in a bicapped square antiprism molecular geometry.

The complex formed by lead nitrate with a bithiazole bidentate N-donor ligand is binuclear. The crystal structure shows that the nitrate group forms a bridge between two lead atoms.[20] One interesting aspect of this type of complexes is the presence of a physical gap in the coordination sphere; i.e., the ligands are not placed symmetrically around the metal ion. This is potentially due to a lead lone pair of electrons, also found in lead complexes with an imidazole ligand.[21]

Applications

Lead nitrate has been used as a heat stabiliser in nylon and polyesters, as a coating for photothermographic paper, and in rodenticides.[10]

Heating lead nitrate is convenient means of making nitrogen dioxide

 

In the gold cyanidation process, addition of lead(II) nitrate solution improves the leaching process. Only limited amounts (10 to 100 milligrams lead nitrate per kilogram gold) are required.[22][23]

In organic chemistry, it may be used in the preparation of isothiocyanates from dithiocarbamates.[24] Its use as a bromide scavenger during SN1 substitution has been reported.[25]

Safety

Main article: Lead poisoning

Lead(II) nitrate is toxic, and ingestion may lead to acute lead poisoning, as is applicable for all soluble lead compounds.[26] All inorganic lead compounds are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as probably carcinogenic to humans (Category 2A).[27] They have been linked to renal cancer and glioma in experimental animals and to renal cancer, brain cancer and lung cancer in humans, although studies of workers exposed to lead are often complicated by concurrent exposure to arsenic.[28] Lead is known to substitute for zinc in a number of enzymes, including δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (porphobilinogen synthase) in the haem biosynthetic pathway and pyrimidine-5′-nucleotidase, important for the correct metabolism of DNA and can therefore cause fetal damage.[29]

References

  1. ^ a b CRC handbook of chemistry and physics : a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data. William M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2016-2017, 97th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida. 2016. ISBN 978-1-4987-5428-6. OCLC 930681942.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ a b Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). Handbook of inorganic chemicals. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 475. ISBN 0-07-049439-8. OCLC 50252041.
  3. ^ "Lead compounds (as Pb)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ^ "Lead nitrate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  5. ^ Libavius, Andreas (1595). Alchemia Andreæ Libavii. Francofurti: Iohannes Saurius.
  6. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lead" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 314–320.
  7. ^ Macgregor, John (1847). Progress of America to year 1846. London: Whittaker & Co. ISBN 0-665-51791-2.
  8. ^ Partington, James Riddick (1950). A Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry. MacMillan. p. 838.
  9. ^ a b Barkley, J. B. (October 1978). "Lead nitrate as an oxidizer in blackpowder". Pyrotechnica. Post Falls, Idaho: Pyrotechnica Publications. 4: 16–18.
  10. ^ a b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 388, 456. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
  11. ^ Othmer, D. F. (1967). Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Vol. 12 (Iron to Manganese) (second completely revised ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 272. ISBN 0-471-02040-0.
  12. ^ . Tilly, Belgium: Sidech. Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  13. ^ Hamilton, W. C. (1957). "A neutron crystallographic study of lead nitrate". Acta Crystallogr. 10 (2): 103–107. doi:10.1107/S0365110X57000304.
  14. ^ a b Nowotny, H.; G. Heger (1986). "Structure refinement of lead nitrate". Acta Crystallogr. C. 42 (2): 133–35. doi:10.1107/S0108270186097032.
  15. ^ "Cấu trúc của chì nitrat". Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  16. ^ Ferris, L. M. (1959). "Lead nitrate—Nitric acid—Water system". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 5 (3): 242. doi:10.1021/je60007a002.
  17. ^ Pauley, J. L.; M. K. Testerman (1954). "Basic Salts of Lead Nitrate Formed in Aqueous Media". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (16): 4220–4222. doi:10.1021/ja01645a062.
  18. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. p. 395
  19. ^ Rogers, Robin D.; Andrew H. Bond; Debra M. Roden (1996). "Structural Chemistry of Poly (ethylene glycol). Complexes of Lead(II) Nitrate and Lead(II) Bromide". Inorg. Chem. 35 (24): 6964–6973. doi:10.1021/ic960587b. PMID 11666874.
  20. ^ Mahjoub, Ali Reza; Ali Morsali (2001). "A Dimeric Mixed-Anions Lead(II) Complex: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [Pb2(BTZ)4(NO3)(H2O)](ClO4)3 {BTZ = 4,4'-Bithiazole}". Chemistry Letters. 30 (12): 1234. doi:10.1246/cl.2001.1234.
  21. ^ Shuang-Yi Wan; Jian Fan; Taka-aki Okamura; Hui-Fang Zhu; Xing-Mei Ouyang; Wei-Yin Sun & Norikazu Ueyama (2002). "2D 4.82 Network with threefold parallel interpenetration from nanometre-sized tripodal ligand and lead(II) nitrate". Chem. Commun. (21): 2520–2521. doi:10.1039/b207568g.
  22. ^ Habashi, Fathi (1998). "Recent advances in gold metallurgy". Revisa de la Facultad de Ingeniera, Universidad Central de Venezuela. 13 (2): 43–54.
  23. ^ "Auxiliary agents in gold cyanidation". Gold Prospecting and Gold Mining. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  24. ^ Dains, F. B.; Brewster, R. Q.; Olander, C. P. "Phenyl isothiocyanate". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, vol. 1, p. 447
  25. ^ Rapoport, H.; Jamison, T. (1998). "(S)-N-(9-Phenylfluoren-9-yl)alanine and (S)-Dimethyl-N-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)aspartate". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, vol. 9, p. 344
  26. ^ "Lead nitrate, Chemical Safety Card 1000". International Labour Organization, International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre. March 1999. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  27. ^ (PDF). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Suppl. 7: 239. 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-03-06. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  28. ^ World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer (2006). (PDF). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 87. ISBN 92-832-1287-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  29. ^ Mohammed-Brahim, B.; Buchet, J.P.; Lauwerys, R. (1985). "Erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase activity in workers exposed to lead, mercury or cadmium". Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 55 (3): 247–52. doi:10.1007/BF00383757. PMID 2987134. S2CID 40092031.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lead(II) nitrate.
  • Woodbury, William D. (1982). "Lead". Mineral Yearbook Metals and Minerals. Bureau of Mines: 515–42. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
  • "Lead". NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. September 2005. NIOSH 2005-149. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  • . National Pollutant Inventory. Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Water Resources. July 2007. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  • . A Healthy Home Environment, Health Hazards. US Alliance for healthy homes. Archived from the original on 2008-02-20. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
Material Safety Data Sheets
  • MSDS for lead nitrate, PTCL, Oxford University
Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion
HNO3 He
LiNO3 Be(NO3)2 B(NO3)−4 RONO2 NO−3
NH4NO3 		HOONO2 FNO3 Ne
NaNO3 Mg(NO3)2 Al(NO3)3
Al(NO3)−4 		Si P S ClONO2 Ar
KNO3 Ca(NO3)2 Sc(NO3)3 Ti(NO3)4 VO(NO3)3 Cr(NO3)3 Mn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2
Fe(NO3)3 		Co(NO3)2
Co(NO3)3 		Ni(NO3)2 CuNO3
Cu(NO3)2 		Zn(NO3)2 Ga(NO3)3 Ge As Se BrNO3 Kr
RbNO3 Sr(NO3)2 Y(NO3)3 Zr(NO3)4 NbO(NO3)3 MoO2(NO3)2 Tc Ru(NO3)3 Rh(NO3)3 Pd(NO3)2
Pd(NO3)4 		AgNO3
Ag(NO3)2 		Cd(NO3)2 In(NO3)3 Sn(NO3)4 Sb(NO3)3 Te INO3 Xe(NO3)2
CsNO3 Ba(NO3)2   Lu(NO3)3 Hf(NO3)4 TaO(NO3)3 W Re Os Ir Pt(NO3)2
Pt(NO3)4 		Au(NO3)3 Hg2(NO3)2
Hg(NO3)2 		TlNO3
Tl(NO3)3 		Pb(NO3)2 Bi(NO3)3
BiO(NO3) 		Po(NO3)4 At Rn
FrNO3 Ra(NO3)2   Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La(NO3)3 Ce(NO3)3
Ce(NO3)4 		Pr(NO3)3 Nd(NO3)3 Pm(NO3)3 Sm(NO3)3 Eu(NO3)3 Gd(NO3)3 Tb(NO3)3 Dy(NO3)3 Ho(NO3)3 Er(NO3)3 Tm(NO3)3 Yb(NO3)3
Ac(NO3)3 Th(NO3)4 PaO2(NO3)3 UO2(NO3)2 Np(NO3)4 Pu(NO3)4 Am(NO3)3 Cm(NO3)3 Bk(NO3)3 Cf Es Fm Md No

May 19, 2023
lead, nitrate, inorganic, compound, with, chemical, formula, commonly, occurs, colourless, crystal, white, powder, unlike, most, other, lead, salts, soluble, water, identifierscas, number, 10099, model, jsmol, interactive, imagechemspider, 23300echa, infocard,. Lead II nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb NO3 2 It commonly occurs as a colourless crystal or white powder and unlike most other lead II salts is soluble in water Lead II nitrate IdentifiersCAS Number 10099 74 8 N3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 23300ECHA InfoCard 100 030 210EC Number 233 245 9PubChem CID 24924RTECS number OG2100000UNII 6E5P1699FIUN number 1469CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID2035069InChI InChI 1S 2NO3 Pb c2 2 1 3 4 q2 1 2Key RLJMLMKIBZAXJO UHFFFAOYSA NSMILES N O O O N O O O Pb 2 PropertiesChemical formula Pb NO3 2Molar mass 331 2 g molAppearance colorless or whiteDensity 4 53 g cm3Melting point 470 C 878 F 743 K 2 decomposesSolubility in water 376 5 g L 0 C 597 g L 25 C 1270 g L 100 C Magnetic susceptibility x 74 10 6 cm3 mol 1 Refractive index nD 1 782 2 ThermochemistryStd enthalpy offormation DfH 298 451 9 kJ mol 1 1 HazardsGHS labelling 4 PictogramsSignal word DangerHazard statements H302 H317 H318 H332 H360 H373 H410Precautionary statements P201 P202 P210 P220 P221 P260 P261 P264 P270 P271 P272 P273 P280 P281 P301 P312 P302 P352 P304 P312 P304 P340 P305 P351 P338 P308 P313 P310 P312 P314 P321 P330 P333 P313 P363 P370 P378 P391 P405 P501NFPA 704 fire diamond 301OXLethal dose or concentration LD LC LDLo lowest published 500 mg kg guinea pig oral 3 Safety data sheet SDS ICSC 1000Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Infobox references Known since the Middle Ages by the name plumbum dulce the production of lead II nitrate from either metallic lead or lead oxide in nitric acid was small scale for direct use in making other lead compounds In the nineteenth century lead II nitrate began to be produced commercially in Europe and the United States Historically the main use was as a raw material in the production of pigments for lead paints but such paints have been superseded by less toxic paints based on titanium dioxide Other industrial uses included heat stabilization in nylon and polyesters and in coatings of photothermographic paper Since around the year 2000 lead II nitrate has begun to be used in gold cyanidation Lead II nitrate is toxic and must be handled with care to prevent inhalation ingestion and skin contact Due to its hazardous nature the limited applications of lead II nitrate are under constant scrutiny Contents 1 History 2 Production 3 Structure 4 Chemical properties and reactions 5 Applications 6 Safety 7 References 8 External linksHistory EditLead nitrate was first identified in 1597 by the alchemist Andreas Libavius who called the substance plumbum dulce meaning sweet lead because of its taste 5 It is produced commercially by reaction of metallic lead with concentrated nitric acid in which it is sparingly soluble 6 7 It has been produced as a raw material for making pigments such as chrome yellow lead II chromate PbCrO4 and chrome orange basic lead II chromate Pb2CrO5 and Naples yellow These pigments were used for dyeing and printing calico and other textiles 8 It has been used as an oxidizer in black powder and together with lead azide in special explosives 9 Production EditLead nitrate is produced by reaction of lead II oxide with concentrated nitric acid 10 PbO 2 HNO3 concentrated Pb NO3 2 H2OIt may also be obtained evaporation of the solution obtained by reacting metallic lead with dilute nitric acid 11 Pb 4 HNO3 Pb NO3 2 2 NO2 2 H2OSolutions and crystals of lead II nitrate are formed in the processing of lead bismuth wastes from lead refineries 12 Structure Edit Coordination sphere of the Pb2 ion Crystal structure of Pb NO3 2 111 plane The crystal structure of solid lead II nitrate has been determined by neutron diffraction 13 14 The compound crystallizes in the cubic system with the lead atoms in a face centred cubic system Its space group is Pa3Z 4 Bravais lattice notation with each side of the cube with length 784 picometres The black dots represent the lead atoms the white dots the nitrate groups 27 picometres above the plane of the lead atoms and the blue dots the nitrate groups the same distance below this plane In this configuration every lead atom is bonded to twelve oxygen atoms bond length 281 pm All N O bond lengths are identical at 127 picometres 15 Research interest in the crystal structure of lead II nitrate was partly based on the possibility of free internal rotation of the nitrate groups within the crystal lattice at elevated temperatures but this did not materialise 14 Chemical properties and reactions EditGraphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Solubility of lead nitrate in nitric acid at 26 C 16 Lead nitrate decomposes on heating a property that has been used in pyrotechnics 9 It is soluble in water and dilute nitric acid Basic nitrates are formed in when alkali is added to a solution Pb2 OH 2 NO3 2 is the predominant species formed at low pH At higher pH Pb6 OH 5 NO3 is formed 17 The cation Pb6O OH 6 4 is unusual in having an oxide ion inside a cluster of 3 face sharing PbO4 tetrahedra 18 There is no evidence for the formation of the hydroxide Pb OH 2 in aqueous solution below pH 12 Solutions of lead nitrate can be used to form co ordination complexes Lead II is a hard acceptor it forms stronger complexes with nitrogen and oxygen electron donating ligands For example combining lead nitrate and pentaethylene glycol EO5 in a solution of acetonitrile and methanol followed by slow evaporation produced the compound Pb NO3 2 EO5 19 In the crystal structure for this compound the EO5 chain is wrapped around the lead ion in an equatorial plane similar to that of a crown ether The two bidentate nitrate ligands are in trans configuration The total coordination number is 10 with the lead ion in a bicapped square antiprism molecular geometry The complex formed by lead nitrate with a bithiazole bidentate N donor ligand is binuclear The crystal structure shows that the nitrate group forms a bridge between two lead atoms 20 One interesting aspect of this type of complexes is the presence of a physical gap in the coordination sphere i e the ligands are not placed symmetrically around the metal ion This is potentially due to a lead lone pair of electrons also found in lead complexes with an imidazole ligand 21 Applications EditLead nitrate has been used as a heat stabiliser in nylon and polyesters as a coating for photothermographic paper and in rodenticides 10 Heating lead nitrate is convenient means of making nitrogen dioxide 2 Pb NO 3 2 D 2 PbO 4 NO 2 O 2 displaystyle ce 2 Pb NO 3 2 gt Delta 2PbO 4NO 2 O 2 In the gold cyanidation process addition of lead II nitrate solution improves the leaching process Only limited amounts 10 to 100 milligrams lead nitrate per kilogram gold are required 22 23 In organic chemistry it may be used in the preparation of isothiocyanates from dithiocarbamates 24 Its use as a bromide scavenger during SN1 substitution has been reported 25 Safety EditMain article Lead poisoning Lead II nitrate is toxic and ingestion may lead to acute lead poisoning as is applicable for all soluble lead compounds 26 All inorganic lead compounds are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC as probably carcinogenic to humans Category 2A 27 They have been linked to renal cancer and glioma in experimental animals and to renal cancer brain cancer and lung cancer in humans although studies of workers exposed to lead are often complicated by concurrent exposure to arsenic 28 Lead is known to substitute for zinc in a number of enzymes including d aminolevulinic acid dehydratase porphobilinogen synthase in the haem biosynthetic pathway and pyrimidine 5 nucleotidase important for the correct metabolism of DNA and can therefore cause fetal damage 29 References Edit a b CRC handbook of chemistry and physics a ready reference book of chemical and physical data William M Haynes David R Lide Thomas J Bruno 2016 2017 97th ed Boca Raton Florida 2016 ISBN 978 1 4987 5428 6 OCLC 930681942 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link a b Patnaik Pradyot 2003 Handbook of inorganic chemicals New York McGraw Hill p 475 ISBN 0 07 049439 8 OCLC 50252041 Lead compounds as Pb Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations IDLH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Lead nitrate pubchem ncbi nlm nih gov Retrieved 19 December 2021 Libavius Andreas 1595 Alchemia Andreae Libavii Francofurti Iohannes Saurius Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Lead Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 16 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 314 320 Macgregor John 1847 Progress of America to year 1846 London Whittaker amp Co ISBN 0 665 51791 2 Partington James Riddick 1950 A Text book of Inorganic Chemistry MacMillan p 838 a b Barkley J B October 1978 Lead nitrate as an oxidizer in blackpowder Pyrotechnica Post Falls Idaho Pyrotechnica Publications 4 16 18 a b Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw A 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Oxford Butterworth Heinemann pp 388 456 ISBN 0 7506 3365 4 Othmer D F 1967 Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Vol 12 Iron to Manganese second completely revised ed New York John Wiley amp Sons p 272 ISBN 0 471 02040 0 Product catalog other products Tilly Belgium Sidech Archived from the original on 2007 07 01 Retrieved 2008 01 05 Hamilton W C 1957 A neutron crystallographic study of lead nitrate Acta Crystallogr 10 2 103 107 doi 10 1107 S0365110X57000304 a b Nowotny H G Heger 1986 Structure refinement of lead nitrate Acta Crystallogr C 42 2 133 35 doi 10 1107 S0108270186097032 Cấu truc của chi nitrat Retrieved 15 July 2019 Ferris L M 1959 Lead nitrate Nitric acid Water system Journal of Chemical amp Engineering Data 5 3 242 doi 10 1021 je60007a002 Pauley J L M K Testerman 1954 Basic Salts of Lead Nitrate Formed in Aqueous Media Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 16 4220 4222 doi 10 1021 ja01645a062 Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 978 0 08 037941 8 p 395 Rogers Robin D Andrew H Bond Debra M Roden 1996 Structural Chemistry of Poly ethylene glycol Complexes of Lead II Nitrate and Lead II Bromide Inorg Chem 35 24 6964 6973 doi 10 1021 ic960587b PMID 11666874 Mahjoub Ali Reza Ali Morsali 2001 A Dimeric Mixed Anions Lead II Complex Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Pb2 BTZ 4 NO3 H2O ClO4 3 BTZ 4 4 Bithiazole Chemistry Letters 30 12 1234 doi 10 1246 cl 2001 1234 Shuang Yi Wan Jian Fan Taka aki Okamura Hui Fang Zhu Xing Mei Ouyang Wei Yin Sun amp Norikazu Ueyama 2002 2D 4 82 Network with threefold parallel interpenetration from nanometre sized tripodal ligand and lead II nitrate Chem Commun 21 2520 2521 doi 10 1039 b207568g Habashi Fathi 1998 Recent advances in gold metallurgy Revisa de la Facultad de Ingeniera Universidad Central de Venezuela 13 2 43 54 Auxiliary agents in gold cyanidation Gold Prospecting and Gold Mining Retrieved 2008 01 05 Dains F B Brewster R Q Olander C P Phenyl isothiocyanate Organic Syntheses Collective Volume vol 1 p 447 Rapoport H Jamison T 1998 S N 9 Phenylfluoren 9 yl alanine and S Dimethyl N 9 phenylfluoren 9 yl aspartate Organic Syntheses Collective Volume vol 9 p 344 Lead nitrate Chemical Safety Card 1000 International Labour Organization International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre March 1999 Retrieved 2008 01 19 Inorganic and Organic Lead Compounds PDF IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans International Agency for Research on Cancer Suppl 7 239 1987 Archived from the original PDF on 2008 03 06 Retrieved 2008 01 19 World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer 2006 Inorganic and Organic Lead Compounds PDF IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans International Agency for Research on Cancer 87 ISBN 92 832 1287 8 Archived from the original PDF on 2007 10 21 Retrieved 2008 01 01 Mohammed Brahim B Buchet J P Lauwerys R 1985 Erythrocyte pyrimidine 5 nucleotidase activity in workers exposed to lead mercury or cadmium Int Arch Occup Environ Health 55 3 247 52 doi 10 1007 BF00383757 PMID 2987134 S2CID 40092031 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lead II nitrate Woodbury William D 1982 Lead Mineral Yearbook Metals and Minerals Bureau of Mines 515 42 Retrieved 2008 01 18 Lead NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health September 2005 NIOSH 2005 149 Retrieved 2008 01 19 Lead and Lead Compounds Fact Sheet National Pollutant Inventory Australian Government Department of the Environment and Water Resources July 2007 Archived from the original on January 11 2008 Retrieved 2008 01 19 Lead A Healthy Home Environment Health Hazards US Alliance for healthy homes Archived from the original on 2008 02 20 Retrieved 2008 01 19 Material Safety Data SheetsMSDS for lead nitrate PTCL Oxford University MSDS for lead nitrate Science Stuff Inc MSDS for lead nitrate Iowa State University vteSalts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ionHNO3 HeLiNO3 Be NO3 2 B NO3 4 RONO2 NO 3 NH4NO3 HOONO2 FNO3 NeNaNO3 Mg NO3 2 Al NO3 3Al NO3 4 Si P S ClONO2 ArKNO3 Ca NO3 2 Sc NO3 3 Ti NO3 4 VO NO3 3 Cr NO3 3 Mn NO3 2 Fe NO3 2 Fe NO3 3 Co NO3 2 Co NO3 3 Ni NO3 2 CuNO3 Cu NO3 2 Zn NO3 2 Ga NO3 3 Ge As Se BrNO3 KrRbNO3 Sr NO3 2 Y NO3 3 Zr NO3 4 NbO NO3 3 MoO2 NO3 2 Tc Ru NO3 3 Rh NO3 3 Pd NO3 2 Pd NO3 4 AgNO3 Ag NO3 2 Cd NO3 2 In NO3 3 Sn NO3 4 Sb NO3 3 Te INO3 Xe NO3 2CsNO3 Ba NO3 2 Lu NO3 3 Hf NO3 4 TaO NO3 3 W Re Os Ir Pt NO3 2 Pt NO3 4 Au NO3 3 Hg2 NO3 2 Hg NO3 2 TlNO3 Tl NO3 3 Pb NO3 2 Bi NO3 3BiO NO3 Po NO3 4 At RnFrNO3 Ra NO3 2 Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og La NO3 3 Ce NO3 3 Ce NO3 4 Pr NO3 3 Nd NO3 3 Pm NO3 3 Sm NO3 3 Eu NO3 3 Gd NO3 3 Tb NO3 3 Dy NO3 3 Ho NO3 3 Er NO3 3 Tm NO3 3 Yb NO3 3Ac NO3 3 Th NO3 4 PaO2 NO3 3 UO2 NO3 2 Np NO3 4 Pu NO3 4 Am NO3 3 Cm NO3 3 Bk NO3 3 Cf Es Fm Md No Chemistry portal Retrieved from https en 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