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Inorganic compound

April 04, 2023

In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound.[1][2] The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as inorganic chemistry.

Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation.[3]

Some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene, etc.), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbides, and the following salts of inorganic anions: carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and thiocyanates. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it does not occur within living things.

History

Friedrich Wöhler's conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in 1828 is often cited as the starting point of modern organic chemistry.[4][5][6] In Wöhler's era, there was widespread belief that organic compounds were characterized by a vital spirit. In the absence of vitalism, the distinction between inorganic and organic chemistry is merely semantic.

Modern usage

  • The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) in its definition of "inorganic" carbon compounds, states that such compounds may contain either C-H or C-C bonds, but not both.[7]
  • The book series Inorganic Syntheses does not define inorganic compounds. The majority of its content deals with metal complexes of organic ligands.[8]
  • IUPAC does not offer a definition of "inorganic" or "inorganic compound" but does define inorganic polymer as "...skeletal structure that does not include carbon atoms."[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ J. J. Berzelius "Lehrbuch der Chemie," 1st ed., Arnoldischen Buchhandlung, Dresden and Leipzig, 1827. ISBN 1-148-99953-1. Brief English commentary in English can be found in Bent Soren Jorgensen "More on Berzelius and the vital force" J. Chem. Educ., 1965, vol. 42, p 394. doi:10.1021/ed042p394
  2. ^ Dan Berger, Bluffton College, analysis of varying inappropriate definitions of the inorganic-organic distinction: Otherwise consistent linked material differing from current article in downplaying the carbon present vs carbon absent distinctive: [1]
  3. ^ Newman, D. K.; Banfield, J. F. (2002). "Geomicrobiology: How Molecular-Scale Interactions Underpin Biogeochemical Systems". Science. 296 (5570): 1071–1077. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.1071N. doi:10.1126/science.1010716. PMID 12004119. S2CID 1235688.
  4. ^ May, Paul. "Urea". Molecules in Motion. Imperial College London. from the original on 2015-03-17.
  5. ^ Cohen, Paul S.; Cohen, Stephen M. (1996). "Wöhler's Synthesis of Urea: How do the Textbooks Report It?". Journal of Chemical Education. 73 (9): 883. doi:10.1021/ed073p883.
  6. ^ Ramberg, Peter J. (2000). "The Death of Vitalism and the Birth of Organic Chemistry: Wohler's Urea Synthesis and the Disciplinary Identity of Organic Chemistry". Ambix. 47 (3): 170–195. doi:10.1179/amb.2000.47.3.170. PMID 11640223. S2CID 44613876.
  7. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
  8. ^ "Volumes - Inorganic Syntheses". www.inorgsynth.org.
  9. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "inorganic polymer". doi:10.1351/goldbook.IT07515

April 04, 2023
inorganic, compound, chemistry, inorganic, compound, typically, chemical, compound, that, lacks, carbon, hydrogen, bonds, that, compound, that, organic, compound, study, inorganic, compounds, subfield, chemistry, known, inorganic, chemistry, comprise, most, ea. In chemistry an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon hydrogen bonds that is a compound that is not an organic compound 1 2 The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as inorganic chemistry Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth s crust although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation 3 Some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic Examples include the allotropes of carbon graphite diamond buckminsterfullerene etc carbon monoxide carbon dioxide carbides and the following salts of inorganic anions carbonates cyanides cyanates and thiocyanates Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems including organisms describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it does not occur within living things Contents 1 History 1 1 Modern usage 2 See also 3 ReferencesHistory EditFriedrich Wohler s conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in 1828 is often cited as the starting point of modern organic chemistry 4 5 6 In Wohler s era there was widespread belief that organic compounds were characterized by a vital spirit In the absence of vitalism the distinction between inorganic and organic chemistry is merely semantic Modern usage Edit The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database ICSD in its definition of inorganic carbon compounds states that such compounds may contain either C H or C C bonds but not both 7 The book series Inorganic Syntheses does not define inorganic compounds The majority of its content deals with metal complexes of organic ligands 8 IUPAC does not offer a definition of inorganic or inorganic compound but does define inorganic polymer as skeletal structure that does not include carbon atoms 9 See also EditInorganic compounds by element List of inorganic compounds List of named inorganic compounds Mineral acidReferences Edit J J Berzelius Lehrbuch der Chemie 1st ed Arnoldischen Buchhandlung Dresden and Leipzig 1827 ISBN 1 148 99953 1 Brief English commentary in English can be found in Bent Soren Jorgensen More on Berzelius and the vital force J Chem Educ 1965 vol 42 p 394 doi 10 1021 ed042p394 Dan Berger Bluffton College analysis of varying inappropriate definitions of the inorganic organic distinction Otherwise consistent linked material differing from current article in downplaying the carbon present vs carbon absent distinctive 1 Newman D K Banfield J F 2002 Geomicrobiology How Molecular Scale Interactions Underpin Biogeochemical Systems Science 296 5570 1071 1077 Bibcode 2002Sci 296 1071N doi 10 1126 science 1010716 PMID 12004119 S2CID 1235688 May Paul Urea Molecules in Motion Imperial College London Archived from the original on 2015 03 17 Cohen Paul S Cohen Stephen M 1996 Wohler s Synthesis of Urea How do the Textbooks Report It Journal of Chemical Education 73 9 883 doi 10 1021 ed073p883 Ramberg Peter J 2000 The Death of Vitalism and the Birth of Organic Chemistry Wohler s Urea Synthesis and the Disciplinary Identity of Organic Chemistry Ambix 47 3 170 195 doi 10 1179 amb 2000 47 3 170 PMID 11640223 S2CID 44613876 Inorganic Crystal Structure Database PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2017 08 30 Retrieved 2017 01 13 Volumes Inorganic Syntheses www inorgsynth org IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology 2nd ed the Gold Book 1997 Online corrected version 2006 inorganic polymer doi 10 1351 goldbook IT07515 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Inorganic compound amp oldid 1127521057, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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