Coleus (/ˈkəʊ.li.əs/, kow-lee-uhs) is a genus of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, sometimes succulent, sometimes with a fleshy or tuberous rootstock, found in the Afro-Eurasia tropics and subtropics.
The relationship among the genera Coleus, Solenostemon and Plectranthus has been confused. Coleus and Solenostemon were sunk into Plectranthus, but recent phylogenetic analysis found Plectranthus to be paraphyletic with respect to other related genera in the subtribe Plectranthinae. The most recent taxonomic treatment of the genus resurrected Coleus, and 212 names were changed from combinations in Plectranthus, Pycnostachys and Anisochilus. Equilabium was segregated from Plectranthus, after phylogenetic studies supported its recognition as a phylogenetically distinct genus.[2] Common names for Coleus include spurflower, flybush, hedgehog flower and hullwort.[citation needed]
Coleus are cultivated as ornamental plants, particularly Coleus scutellarioides (syns. Coleus blumei, Plectranthus scutellarioides), which is popular as a garden plant for its brightly colored foliage.
The genus Coleus was first described by João de Loureiro in 1790. Using morphological characters as a guide, it was distinguished from Plectranthus (first described by Charles L'Héritier in 1788) by having its four stamens fused together rather than free to the base. In 1962, J.K. Morton noted that fused stamens were more widespread than previously thought, and accordingly merged Coleus into Plectranthus, while maintaining Solenostemon and some other genera as distinct.[3] Most sources followed Morton in submerging Coleus; some kept Solenostemon distinct, although others submerged it into Plectranthus along with Coleus.[2]
A preliminary study of the tribe Ocimeae in 2004 showed that the subtribe Plectranthinae was monophyletic, with two main clades: one containing the type species of Coleus and including Solenostemon, the other containing the type species of Plectranthus along with some other genera, so that Plectranthus when broadly defined was not monophyletic. A more detailed study in 2018 reached similar conclusions, and suggested that Coleus (including Solenostemon) should be recognized again, Plectranthus more narrowly defined, and a new genus, Equilabium erected for a clade of former Plectranthus species mainly from tropical Africa. The many new binomial combinations needed to implement this approach were provided in 2019.[2]
Phylogenyedit
Paton et al. in 2019 published a summary cladogram for the subtribe Plectranthinae,[2] based on a study in 2018.[4] In the version below, the three genera accepted by Paton et al. that formed part of Plectranthuss.l. are highlighted.
Paton et al. (2019) listed 294 species of Coleus, many transferred from Plectranthus.[2] As of October 2022[update], Plants of the World Online listed 301.[1] Species include:[2][1]
^ abcd"Coleus Lour". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
^ abcdefPaton, Alan J.; Mwanyambo, Montfort; Govaerts, Rafaël H.A.; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil; Suddee, Somran; Phillipson, Peter B.; Wilson, Trevor C.; Forster, Paul I. & Culham, Alastair (2019). "Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera". PhytoKeys (129): 1–158. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988. PMC6717120. PMID 31523157.
^Morton, J.K. (2006). "Plectranthus". In Hedberg, I.; Kelbessa, E.; Edwards, S.; Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Vol. 5. Addis Ababa: The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University. pp. 586–598. ISBN978-91-971285-6-8., cited in Paton et al. 2019
^Paton, A.; Mwanyambo, M. & Culham, A. (2018). "Phylogenetic study of Plectranthus, Coleus and allies (Lamiaceae): Taxonomy, distribution and medicinal use" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (4): 355–376. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy064.
General and cited sourcesedit
"Coleus Care". Gardening Know How. 15 July 2019. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
EcoPort on P. rotundifolius (synonym of Coleus rotundifolius)
PROTAbase on P. rotundifolius (synonym of Coleus rotundifolius)
EcoPort on P. esculentus (with tuber photo) (synonym of Coleus esculentus)
Lamiales Newsletter on P. esculentus 2005-10-31 at the Wayback Machine (synonym of Coleus esculentus)
Little-known African Tubers (discusses C. rotundifolius and C. esculentus)
February 16, 2024
coleus, popular, ornamental, plant, scutellarioides, ˈkəʊ, genus, annual, perennial, herbs, shrubs, sometimes, succulent, sometimes, with, fleshy, tuberous, rootstock, found, afro, eurasia, tropics, subtropics, amboinicus, plectranthus, amboinicus, scientific,. For the popular ornamental plant see Coleus scutellarioides Coleus ˈkeʊ li es kow lee uhs is a genus of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs sometimes succulent sometimes with a fleshy or tuberous rootstock found in the Afro Eurasia tropics and subtropics ColeusColeus amboinicus syn Plectranthus amboinicus Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder LamialesFamily LamiaceaeTribe OcimeaeGenus ColeusLour 1 Synonyms 1 Ascocarydion G TaylorBriquetastrum Robyns amp LebrunBurnatastrum Briq Calchas P V HeathCapitanya Schweinf ex GurkeEnglerastrum Briq Holostylon Robyns amp LebrunIsodictyophorus Briq Leocus A Chev Majana Rumph ex KuntzeMitsa Chapel ex Benth Neohyptis J K MortonNeomuellera Briq Rabdosiella CoddSaccostoma Wall ex VoigtSolenostemon Thonn Symphostemon HiernCultivar of Coleus scutellarioidesThe relationship among the genera Coleus Solenostemon and Plectranthus has been confused Coleus and Solenostemon were sunk into Plectranthus but recent phylogenetic analysis found Plectranthus to be paraphyletic with respect to other related genera in the subtribe Plectranthinae The most recent taxonomic treatment of the genus resurrected Coleus and 212 names were changed from combinations in Plectranthus Pycnostachys and Anisochilus Equilabium was segregated from Plectranthus after phylogenetic studies supported its recognition as a phylogenetically distinct genus 2 Common names for Coleus include spurflower flybush hedgehog flower and hullwort citation needed Coleus are cultivated as ornamental plants particularly Coleus scutellarioides syns Coleus blumei Plectranthus scutellarioides which is popular as a garden plant for its brightly colored foliage Other species that produce root tubers are cultivated for food including Coleus esculentus Coleus rotundifolius and Coleus maculosus subsp edulis Contents 1 Taxonomy 1 1 Phylogeny 2 Species 3 Image gallery 4 References 5 Citations 5 1 General and cited sources 6 External linksTaxonomy editThe genus Coleus was first described by Joao de Loureiro in 1790 Using morphological characters as a guide it was distinguished from Plectranthus first described by Charles L Heritier in 1788 by having its four stamens fused together rather than free to the base In 1962 J K Morton noted that fused stamens were more widespread than previously thought and accordingly merged Coleus into Plectranthus while maintaining Solenostemon and some other genera as distinct 3 Most sources followed Morton in submerging Coleus some kept Solenostemon distinct although others submerged it into Plectranthus along with Coleus 2 A preliminary study of the tribe Ocimeae in 2004 showed that the subtribe Plectranthinae was monophyletic with two main clades one containing the type species of Coleus and including Solenostemon the other containing the type species of Plectranthus along with some other genera so that Plectranthus when broadly defined was not monophyletic A more detailed study in 2018 reached similar conclusions and suggested that Coleus including Solenostemon should be recognized again Plectranthus more narrowly defined and a new genus Equilabium erected for a clade of former Plectranthus species mainly from tropical Africa The many new binomial combinations needed to implement this approach were provided in 2019 2 Phylogeny edit Paton et al in 2019 published a summary cladogram for the subtribe Plectranthinae 2 based on a study in 2018 4 In the version below the three genera accepted by Paton et al that formed part of Plectranthus s l are highlighted Tribe Ocimeae Subtribe OciminaeSubtribe Plectranthinae Alvesia 3 spp Aeollanthus 42 spp Tetradenia Thorncroftia 29 spp Plectranthus 72 spp Capitanopsis 6 spp Equilabium 42 spp Coleus 294 spp Species editMain article List of Coleus species Paton et al 2019 listed 294 species of Coleus many transferred from Plectranthus 2 As of October 2022 update Plants of the World Online listed 301 1 Species include 2 1 Coleus amboinicus syn Plectranthus amboinicus Coleus argentatus Coleus australis Coleus barbatus syn Plectranthus barbatus Coleus caninus syn Plectranthus caninus Coleus cataractarum Coleus comosus syn Plectranthus ornatus sold as Coleus canina or scaredy cat plant Coleus cremnus Coleus dissitiflorus Coleus esculentus syn Plectranthus esculentus Coleus fredericii syn Plectranthus welwitschii Coleus graveolens Coleus maculosus Coleus neochilus Coleus rotundifolius syn Plectranthus rotundifolius Coleus scutellarioides syns Coleus blumei Plectranthus scutellarioides Coleus socotranus syn Plectranthus socotranus Coleus unguentarius syn Plectranthus unguentariusImage gallery edit nbsp Coleus amboinicus nbsp Coleus australis nbsp Coleus neochilus nbsp Cultivars in Monsoon West Bengal IndiaReferences editCitations edit a b c d Coleus Lour Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 7 October 2022 a b c d e f Paton Alan J Mwanyambo Montfort Govaerts Rafael H A Smitha Kokkaraniyil Suddee Somran Phillipson Peter B Wilson Trevor C Forster Paul I amp Culham Alastair 2019 Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus Lamiaceae a tale of more than two genera PhytoKeys 129 1 158 doi 10 3897 phytokeys 129 34988 PMC 6717120 PMID 31523157 Morton J K 2006 Plectranthus In Hedberg I Kelbessa E Edwards S Demissew S amp Persson E eds Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea Vol 5 Addis Ababa The National Herbarium Addis Ababa University pp 586 598 ISBN 978 91 971285 6 8 cited in Paton et al 2019 Paton A Mwanyambo M amp Culham A 2018 Phylogenetic study of Plectranthus Coleus and allies Lamiaceae Taxonomy distribution and medicinal use PDF Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 188 4 355 376 doi 10 1093 botlinnean boy064 General and cited sources edit Coleus Care Gardening Know How 15 July 2019 Archived from the original on 15 July 2019 Retrieved 15 July 2019 External links edit nbsp Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Coleus EcoPort on P rotundifolius synonym of Coleus rotundifolius PROTAbase on P rotundifolius synonym of Coleus rotundifolius EcoPort on P esculentus with tuber photo synonym of Coleus esculentus Lamiales Newsletter on P esculentus Archived 2005 10 31 at the Wayback Machine synonym of Coleus esculentus Little known African Tubers discusses C rotundifolius and C esculentus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Coleus amp oldid 1190157934, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
