Kōfu
Kōfu (甲府市, Kōfu-shi, Japanese: [ko̞ːɸɯᵝ]) is the capital city of Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019[update], the city had an estimated population of 187,985 in 90,924 households,[1] and a population density of 880 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 212.41 square kilometres (82.01 sq mi).
Kōfu 甲府市 | |
|---|---|
View from Sakaorimiya Kai-Zenko-ji, Kakueno in autumn Moats of Kofu Castle, Takeda Shingen festival Night view of Kofu, Kofu motsu-ni stew Kose Sports Stadium | |
| Flag Seal | |
Location of Kōfu in Yamanashi Prefecture | |
Kōfu | |
| Coordinates: 35°39′43.7″N 138°34′5.6″E / 35.662139°N 138.568222°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Chūbu (Tōkai) |
| Prefecture | Yamanashi |
| First official recorded | 100 BC |
| City Settled | July 1, 1889 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Yūichi Higuchi (since February 2015) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 212.47 km2 (82.04 sq mi) |
| Population (July 1, 2019) | |
| • Total | 187,985 |
| • Density | 880/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| - Tree | Quercus |
| - Flower | Dianthus |
| - Bird | Common kingfisher |
| Phone number | 055-237-1161 |
| Address | 2-17-1 Aioi, Kōfu-shi, Yamanashi-ken400-8585 |
| Website | Official website |
Overview edit
Toponymy edit
Kōfu's name means "capital of Kai Province". During the Sengoku period, it was famous as the stronghold of Takeda Shingen.
Cityscapes edit
Geography edit
Kōfu is located in north-central Yamanashi Prefecture which is in Central Honshu. It extends from the northern border of the prefecture with Nagano Prefecture to the south until it almost reaches the prefecture's southern border. It is narrow along its east–west axis. The city bisects the Kōfu Basin and is 250 to 300 meters above sea level. Kōfu is surrounded by mountains on all sides. Three quarters of Kōfu's territory is a part of Mount Kinpu in the north. Much of the northern portion of the city is within the Chichibu-Tama-Kai National Park. Mount Fuji is visible in the distance from Kōfu to the south.
Climate edit
Kōfu has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), though it is less wet than either the south or Sea of Japan coast due to its location in a shielded mountain valley. Temperature ranges are noticeably greater than in coastal regions: in 2004 Kōfu reached a temperature of 40 °C (104 °F) previously almost unknown in Japan, and it has fallen below 0 °C (32 °F) as early as 26 October,[2] which is about a month before the earliest freezing temperatures in such coastal cities as Kanazawa or Tokyo.
| Climate data for Kofu (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1894−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) | 25.4 (77.7) | 28.8 (83.8) | 33.1 (91.6) | 35.2 (95.4) | 38.3 (100.9) | 40.4 (104.7) | 40.7 (105.3) | 38.0 (100.4) | 33.8 (92.8) | 29.6 (85.3) | 24.9 (76.8) | 40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) | 10.9 (51.6) | 15.0 (59.0) | 20.7 (69.3) | 25.3 (77.5) | 27.8 (82.0) | 31.6 (88.9) | 33.0 (91.4) | 28.6 (83.5) | 22.5 (72.5) | 16.7 (62.1) | 11.4 (52.5) | 21.0 (69.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) | 4.7 (40.5) | 8.6 (47.5) | 14.0 (57.2) | 18.8 (65.8) | 22.3 (72.1) | 26.0 (78.8) | 27.1 (80.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 17.1 (62.8) | 10.8 (51.4) | 5.4 (41.7) | 15.1 (59.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) | −0.7 (30.7) | 3.1 (37.6) | 8.4 (47.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 18.3 (64.9) | 22.3 (72.1) | 23.3 (73.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 13.0 (55.4) | 5.9 (42.6) | 0.3 (32.5) | 10.4 (50.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −17.2 (1.0) | −11.4 (11.5) | −4.6 (23.7) | −0.6 (30.9) | 5.4 (41.7) | 12.6 (54.7) | 13.2 (55.8) | 6.0 (42.8) | −1.8 (28.8) | −6.0 (21.2) | −11.7 (10.9) | −19.5 (−3.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42.7 (1.68) | 44.1 (1.74) | 86.2 (3.39) | 79.5 (3.13) | 85.4 (3.36) | 113.4 (4.46) | 148.8 (5.86) | 133.1 (5.24) | 178.7 (7.04) | 158.5 (6.24) | 52.7 (2.07) | 37.6 (1.48) | 1,160.7 (45.70) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 9 (3.5) | 11 (4.3) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 23 (9.1) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) | 4.7 | 5.2 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 8.9 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 10.4 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 102.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 55 | 52 | 55 | 57 | 62 | 69 | 72 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 67 | 60 | 64 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 209.1 | 195.4 | 206.3 | 206.1 | 203.9 | 149.9 | 168.2 | 197.0 | 150.9 | 159.6 | 178.6 | 200.9 | 2,225.8 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3] | |||||||||||||
Surrounding municipalities edit
Demographics edit
Per Japanese census data,[4] the population of Kōfu has remained relatively stable over the past 50 years.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 102,419 | — |
| 1950 | 121,645 | +18.8% |
| 1960 | 160,963 | +32.3% |
| 1970 | 182,669 | +13.5% |
| 1980 | 199,262 | +9.1% |
| 1990 | 200,626 | +0.7% |
| 2000 | 196,154 | −2.2% |
| 2010 | 198,992 | +1.4% |
| 2020 | 189,591 | −4.7% |
History edit
Prehistoric Ages edit
Archaeologists have discovered evidence of human settlement in the Kōfu area dating to the Japanese Paleolithic period, with continuous settlement through the Jōmon, Yayoi and Kofun periods.
Ancient Ages edit
During the Nara period, the provincial temple of Kai Province was established in what is now Kōfu, indicating that the Nara period provincial capital was located nearby, as the name of the city implies.
During the Heian period, a branch of the Minamoto clan, the "Kai-Genji" ruled over vast shōen estates, and developed a military force noted for its use of cavalry.
Middle Ages edit
By the Muromachi period, a branch of the Kai-Genji, the Takeda clan came to dominate the area, and built a castle in what is now part of Kōfu.
Under the rule of Takeda Nobutora, Kōfu was rebuilt as a castle town starting in 1519, and remained the capital of the Takeda clan under Takeda Shingen and his son Takeda Katsuyori.
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- Kai Zenkoji
Early Modern Ages edit
During the Edo period, Kai Province was tenryō territory ruled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, and Kōfu Castle remained its administrative center. In 1705, in a signal honour, it was conferred on Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu a favourite of the fifth shōgun. He was a member of the Yanagisawa clan descendants of the "Kai-Genji", the branch of the Minamoto clan which had been enfeoffed with the province of Kai in the eleventh century. His son, Yoshiyasu was transferred to Yamato-Koriyama Castle in 1724 after which Kofu Castle was again held directly by the Shogunate.
Late Modern Ages edit
Following the Meiji restoration, with the establishment of the modern municipalities system, the town of Kōfu was proclaimed on July 1, 1889.
The city experienced a major flood disaster in 1907 (明治40年の大水害) caused by heavy rain in a typhoon from the night of August 21, 1907 and by deforestation which was accelerated in Yamanashi Prefecture, due to the need for wood for fuel of the steam engines of the growing industrial policy of the Fujimura Prefectural Government. A police officer inspected the stricken area from August 23 to October 10, 1907. Patrol diaries of Masaki Tsukasa Kasaburo said "This heavy rainfall causes rivers to run down, landslides and levee failures, bridge piers destruction, etc., resulting in the destruction of homes and villages, village isolation, runoff, and traffic disruptions caused serious damage[5] 233 people died, 5757 houses were run out, 650 hectares of lands have been buried or run down, 3353 landslides, collapse and damage distance of about 140 kilometers of levees, runoff and burial of roads, the damage distance was about 500 kilometers, 393 telephone poles collapsed. It was the largest natural disaster in modern times in Yamanashi Prefecture.[6]
During World War II, much of the city was destroyed by United States Army Air Forces B-29 Superfortress bombers during a major air raid during the night of 6 July 1945.[7]
- 1907 Kōfu Flood
- 1912 Yoka-Machi Street
- 1918 Kōfu city hall building
- Kōfu after the 1945 air raids (Bombing of Kōfu in World War II)
Contemporary Ages edit
Kōfu was designated as one of the special cities of Japan on April 1, 2000. On March 1, 2006, Kōfu, with a population of 193,795, absorbed the town of Nakamichi (from Higashiyatsushiro District), and the northern part of the village of Kamikuishiki (from Nishiyatsushiro District) increasing the population to 201,184.
On April 1, 2019, Kōfu's city status was elevated to a core city.[8]
Government edit
Council edit
Kōfu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 32 members. The city supplies nine members to the Yamanashi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is divided between the Yamanashi 1st district and the Yamanashi 2nd district for the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan.
External relations edit
Twin towns – Sister cities edit
International edit
- Sister Cities
| City | Country | State | since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Des Moines | United States | Iowa | August 16, 1958 |
| Lodi | United States | California | April 11, 1961[9] |
| Pau | France | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | August 18, 1975[10] |
| Chengdu | China | Sichuan | September 27, 1984[10] |
| Cheongju | South Korea | North Chungcheong | September 26, 2002[10] |
National edit
- Sister City
| City | Prefecture | region | since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yamatokōriyama | Nara | Kansai region | January 22, 1992 |
Economy edit
The city is a regional commercial and transportation center for central Yamanashi Prefecture. Local industries include food processing including wine production, textiles and crystalware.
Media edit
Education edit
Universities and Colleges edit
- Public
- Private
Primary and secondary education edit
- Kōfu has 25 public elementary schools and 11 public junior high schools operated by the city government, as well as one national combined elementary/middle school. In addition, there are two private elementary schools and three private junior high schools. The city has eight public high schools operated by the Yamanashi Prefectural Board of Education, and five private high schools.
Transportation edit
Airways edit
Airports edit
The nearest airport is Matsumoto Airport & Shizuoka Airport or Haneda Airport & Narita International Airport.
Railways edit
Conventional Lines edit
- East Japan Railway Company (JR East)
- Chūō Main Line: - Sakaori - Kōfu -
- Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai)
- Minobu Line: - Kokubo - Kai-Sumiyoshi - Minami-Kōfu - Zenkōji - Kanente - Kōfu
Buses edit
Bus Terminus edit
Roads edit
Expressway edit
Japan National Route edit
Local attractions edit
Historical Sites edit
Other sites edit
- Yumura Onsen
- Yamanashi Prefectural Art Museum
- Yamanashi Science Museum
Culture edit
Festivals edit
Shingen-ko Festival edit
The biggest festival in Kōfu is the Shingen-ko Festival (信玄公祭り, Shingen-ko Matsuri). It is held annually on the first or second weekend of April and celebrates the legacy of Takeda Shingen. The festival is three days long. Usually a famous Japanese celebrity plays the part of Takeda Shingen. There are several parades going to and from the Takeda Shrine and Kōfu Castle. This is the largest public history play in Japan. In 2012 the event was included in the Guinness World Records as the "largest gathering of samurai" in the world with 1061 participants.[11]
Sports edit
| Club | Sport | League | Venue | Established |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamanashi Queenbees | Basketball | W.League | Kose sports park gymnasium, Kōfu General Civic Center | 1968 |
| Ventforet Kofu | Soccer | J.League (J2) | JIT Recycle Ink Stadium | 1990 |
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- Arena of Kose sports park gymnasium
- Arena of Kose sports park gymnasium
Notable people from Kofu edit
- Banjō Ginga – voice actor
- Hideo Hagiwara – woodblock print artist
- Tsuneo Horiuchi – former manager of Yomiuri Giants baseball team
- Takao Kajimoto – former professional baseball player and sports announcer
- Junichi Kanemaru - voice actor
- Yoshinobu Kanemaru – professional wrestler
- Hidetoshi Nakata - football player who last played with the Bolton Wanderers in the Premier League, but has since retired following the 2006 World Cup.
- Naoko Takeuchi – manga artist, creator of Sailor Moon and other comics.
- Fujizakura Yoshimori – former sumo wrestler
- Ryūden Gōshi - sumo wrestler
- Hiroki Nakamura – founder and designer of cult fashion brand Visvim
- Mariko Tsutsui - actress with notable lead roles in Kōji Fukada's Harmonium and A Girl Missing
- Saiki Atsumi – lead singer of the rock band Band-Maid
List of mayors of Kofu edit
This is a list of Kofu majors starting from 1889.
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References edit
- ^ Kōfu City official statistics (in Japanese)
- ^ http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=19&prec_ch=%8B%FA%98H%8Ex%92%A1&block_no=47638&block_ch=%8B%FA%98H&year=&month=10&day=&view= 観測史上1～10位の値（10月としての値）
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
- ^ Kōfu population statistics
- ^ Iwami Ryotaro "Water Damage and Flood Control" "Great Water Damage" "The History of Yamanashi Prefecture History Series 5 Modern 1" Yamanashi Prefecture, 2005
- ^ "" Rice Kita "" Asuyal "-One Hundred Years of Great Floods in Meiji 40" Yamanashi Prefectural Museum, 2007
- ^ Ijiri, Toshiyuki (1991). Paul Rusch. Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications. p. 167.
- ^ 中核市移行式を行いました。. Official site of Kofu (in Japanese). April 1, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2019.
- ^ "Consolidation of Local Governments in Japan and Effects on Sister City Relationships 2007-10-19 at the Wayback Machine," Consulate General of Japan, San Francisco
- ^ a b c . List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures. Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR). Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ^ . "Shingen-ko Festival" Executive Planning Committee. 1 February 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-03-31. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
External links edit
- Official website (in Japanese)
- Geographic data related to Kōfu at OpenStreetMap