In the mid-18th century, Sikkim was invaded by both Nepal (then the Gorkha Kingdom) and Bhutan (then ruled by Gedun Chomphel) and was under both the Gorkha and the Bhutanese rule for more than 40 years. Between 1775 and 1815, almost 180,000 ethnic Nepalis[5] from Eastern and Central Nepal migrated to Sikkim.[citation needed] After the British colonisation of India, however, Sikkim allied itself with British India as they had a common enemy – Nepal.[citation needed] The infuriated Nepalese attacked Sikkim with vengeance, overrunning most of the region including the Terai. This prompted the British East India Company to attack Nepal in 1814, resulting in the Anglo-Nepalese War.[citation needed] The Sugauli Treaty between Britain and Nepal and the Treaty of Titalia between Sikkim and British India resulted in territorial concessions by Nepal, which ceded Sikkim to British India.[6]
In 1975, allegations of discrimination against Nepali Hindus in Sikkim led to resentment against the Chogyal.[8][9] Their instigation led to Indian Army personnel moving into Gangtok. According to Sunanda K. Datta-Ray of The Statesman, the army killed the palace guards and surrounded the palace in April 1975.[7]
After disarming the palace, a referendum on the monarchy was held, in which the Sikkimese people overwhelmingly voted to abolish the monarchy, and the new parliament of Sikkim, led by Kazi Lhendup Dorjee, proposed a bill for Sikkim to become an Indian state, which was promptly accepted by the Government of India.[7][10]
Culture and religion
In culture and religion, Sikkim was linked closely with Tibet, from which its first king migrated, and Bhutan, with which it shares borders. The presence of a large ethnic Nepali population, mainly from eastern and central Nepal, also leads to cultural linkages with Nepal.
^According to Article II of Convention of Calcutta, Sikkim was a direct protectorate of the British Government, not the British Indian government.
^Marathe, Om (20 August 2019). "Explained: Sikkim, from Chogyal rule to Indian state". The Indian Express. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
^Chettri, Mona (2013). "Ethnic politics in the Nepali public sphere three casesfrom the eastern Himalaya" (PDF). SOAS Research Online. Retrieved 13 November 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^. Official website of Nepal Army. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011.
^ abc. Nikkei Asian Review. Nikkei. 21 February 2016. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
^"25 years after Sikkim". Nepali Times. No. #35. 23–29 March 2001.
^Sethi, Sunil (18 February 2015). "Treaties: Annexation of Sikkim". No. 2. India Today. India Today. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
Sources
Hiltz, Jackie (2003), "Constructing Sikkimese National Identity in the 1960s and 1970s" (PDF), Bulletin of Tibetology
Further reading
Duff, Andrew (2015). Sikkim: Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN978-0-85790-245-0.
Rai, Rajiv (2015), The State in the Colonial Periphery: A Study on Sikkims Relation with Great Britain, Partridge Publishing India, ISBN978-1-4828-4871-7
Rose, Leo E. (Spring 1969), "India and Sikkim: Redefining the Relationship", Pacific Affairs, 42 (1): 32–46, doi:10.2307/2754861, JSTOR 2754861
Rose, Leo E. (1971), Nepal – Strategy for Survival, University of California Press, ISBN978-0-520-01643-9
Sharma, Suresh Kant; Sharma, Usha (2005), Discovery of North-East India: Geography, History, Culture, Religion, Politics, Sociology, Science, Education and Economy. Sikkim. Volume ten, Mittal Publications, pp. 117–, ISBN978-81-8324-044-4
Singh, Amar Kaur Jasbir (1988), Himalayan triangle: a historical survey of British India's relations with Tibet, Sikkim, and Bhutan, 1765–1950, British Library, ISBN9780712306300
kingdom, sikkim, confused, with, sikh, empire, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, 2016, learn, when, remove, this. Not to be confused with Sikh Empire This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations May 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Kingdom of Sikkim Classical Tibetan and Sikkimese འབ ས ལ ངས Drenjong officially Dremoshong Classical Tibetan and Sikkimese འབ ས མ གཤ ངས until the 1800s was a hereditary monarchy in the Eastern Himalayas which existed from 1642 to 16 May 1975 when it merged with the Republic of India It was ruled by Chogyals of the Namgyal dynasty 4 Kingdom of Sikkimའབ ས ལ ངས Sikkimese Drenjongའབ ས མ གཤ ངས Classical Tibetan Dremoshongᰕᰚ ᰜ Lepcha Mayel Lyang1642 1975Flag Coat of armsMotto Oh the jewel of creation is in the Lotus 1 Anthem Drenjong Sile Yang Chhagpa Chilo 2 Why is Sikkim Blooming So Fresh and Beautiful Kingdom of SikkimStatusProtectorate of Tibet until 1890 Tributary State of Qing China 1791 1890 Bhutanese domination 1680 1700 1792 Nepalese domination 1776 1792 Nepalese Bhutanese presence 1792 1816 British presence 1816 1890 Protectorate of the British Empire 1861 1947 3 Protectorate of India 1950 1975 CapitalYuksom 1642 1670 Rabdentse 1670 1793 Tumlong 1793 1894 Gangtok 1894 1975 Official languagesChoke SikkimeseCommon languagesLepcha early period Dzongkha Nepali late period ReligionTibetan BuddhismDemonym s Drenjop SikkimeseGovernmentAbsolute monarchy until 1973 Parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1973 1975 Chogyal 1642 1670 first Phuntsog Namgyal 1963 1975 last Palden Thondup NamgyalLegislatureState Council of SikkimHistory Established1642 Treaty of Titalia signed1817 Darjeeling given to British India1835 Palden Thondup Namgyal forced to abdicate1975 Merger with India16 May 1975CurrencyRupeeSucceeded bySikkimToday part ofIndiaThis article contains Tibetan script Without proper rendering support you may see very small fonts misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Tibetan characters This article contains uncommon Unicode characters Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of the intended characters Contents 1 History 1 1 Nepalese Bhutanese domination 1 2 British and Indian protectorate 1 3 Accession to India 2 Culture and religion 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 Sources 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory EditNepalese Bhutanese domination Edit In the mid 18th century Sikkim was invaded by both Nepal then the Gorkha Kingdom and Bhutan then ruled by Gedun Chomphel and was under both the Gorkha and the Bhutanese rule for more than 40 years Between 1775 and 1815 almost 180 000 ethnic Nepalis 5 from Eastern and Central Nepal migrated to Sikkim citation needed After the British colonisation of India however Sikkim allied itself with British India as they had a common enemy Nepal citation needed The infuriated Nepalese attacked Sikkim with vengeance overrunning most of the region including the Terai This prompted the British East India Company to attack Nepal in 1814 resulting in the Anglo Nepalese War citation needed The Sugauli Treaty between Britain and Nepal and the Treaty of Titalia between Sikkim and British India resulted in territorial concessions by Nepal which ceded Sikkim to British India 6 British and Indian protectorate Edit Map of Sikkim 1898 Under the 1861 Treaty of Tumlong Sikkim became a British protectorate then an Indian protectorate in 1950 7 Thutob Namgyal the 9th Chogyal of Sikkim looked to the Dalai Lama for spiritual leadership and during his reign the Tibetan government started to regain political influence over Sikkim In 1888 the British sent a military expedition to expel Tibetan forces from Sikkim Accession to India Edit In 1975 allegations of discrimination against Nepali Hindus in Sikkim led to resentment against the Chogyal 8 9 Their instigation led to Indian Army personnel moving into Gangtok According to Sunanda K Datta Ray of The Statesman the army killed the palace guards and surrounded the palace in April 1975 7 After disarming the palace a referendum on the monarchy was held in which the Sikkimese people overwhelmingly voted to abolish the monarchy and the new parliament of Sikkim led by Kazi Lhendup Dorjee proposed a bill for Sikkim to become an Indian state which was promptly accepted by the Government of India 7 10 Culture and religion EditIn culture and religion Sikkim was linked closely with Tibet from which its first king migrated and Bhutan with which it shares borders The presence of a large ethnic Nepali population mainly from eastern and central Nepal also leads to cultural linkages with Nepal See also EditSikkim History of Sikkim Chogyal List of heads of government of the Kingdom of Sikkim List of political officers in the Kingdom of SikkimReferences EditCitations Edit Sikkim Damojong Hiltz Constructing Sikkimese National Identity 2003 p 80 81 According to Article II of Convention of Calcutta Sikkim was a direct protectorate of the British Government not the British Indian government Marathe Om 20 August 2019 Explained Sikkim from Chogyal rule to Indian state The Indian Express Retrieved 13 November 2022 Chettri Mona 2013 Ethnic politics in the Nepali public sphere three casesfrom the eastern Himalaya PDF SOAS Research Online Retrieved 13 November 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link History of Nepal A Sovereign Kingdom Official website of Nepal Army Archived from the original on 7 June 2011 a b c Indian hegemonism drags Himalayan kingdom into oblivion Nikkei Asian Review Nikkei 21 February 2016 Archived from the original on 3 April 2017 Retrieved 24 July 2018 Larmer Brook March 2008 Bhutan s Enlightened Experiment National Geographic Bhutan print version 25 years after Sikkim Nepali Times No 35 23 29 March 2001 Sethi Sunil 18 February 2015 Treaties Annexation of Sikkim No 2 India Today India Today Retrieved 4 December 2016 Sources Edit Hiltz Jackie 2003 Constructing Sikkimese National Identity in the 1960s and 1970s PDF Bulletin of TibetologyFurther reading EditDuff Andrew 2015 Sikkim Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom Edinburgh Birlinn ISBN 978 0 85790 245 0 Rai Rajiv 2015 The State in the Colonial Periphery A Study on Sikkims Relation with Great Britain Partridge Publishing India ISBN 978 1 4828 4871 7 Rose Leo E Spring 1969 India and Sikkim Redefining the Relationship Pacific Affairs 42 1 32 46 doi 10 2307 2754861 JSTOR 2754861 Rose Leo E 1971 Nepal Strategy for Survival University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 01643 9 Sharma Suresh Kant Sharma Usha 2005 Discovery of North East India Geography History Culture Religion Politics Sociology Science Education and Economy Sikkim Volume ten Mittal Publications pp 117 ISBN 978 81 8324 044 4 Singh Amar Kaur Jasbir 1988 Himalayan triangle a historical survey of British India s relations with Tibet Sikkim and Bhutan 1765 1950 British Library ISBN 9780712306300External links Edit Buddhist Monasteries of Sikkim Sikkim nic in Kingdom of Sikkim at Curlie Climbing the clouds to Sikkim Kings of Sikkim The Sikkim saga through an American lens Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kingdom of Sikkim amp oldid 1133720992, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
