Area comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra.Khandesh Map
The region have seen many geographical changes, in 1906 its eponymous district was bifurcated to form two new districts that is West Khandesh, East Khandesh district; Dhule and Jalgaon was there headquarters respectively. In 1990s West Khandesh further divided to form a new, district Nandurbar.[1]
The use of the Khandeshi language is prevalent in this region, and the language itself derives its name from the name of the region. This language is sometimes considered as a dialect of Marathi due to its mutual intelligibility with it, and hence has lower numbers in the census due to people opting their language as Marathi instead.[original research?] This region is famous for banana agriculture and is a leading producer of it.[3]
Khandesh lies in Western India on the northwestern corner of the Maharashtra, in the valley of the Tapti River. It is bounded to the north by the Satpura Range, to the east by the Berar (Varhad) region, to the south by the Hills of Ajanta (belonging to the Marathwada region of Maharashtra), and to the west by the northernmost ranges of the Western Ghats.
The principal natural feature is the Tapti River.[4] Unlike the rest of the Deccan, whose rivers rise in the Western Ghats and flow eastward to the Bay of Bengal, the Tapti flows westward from headwaters in southern Madhya Pradesh to empty into the Arabian Sea. The Tapti receives thirteen principal tributaries in its course through Khandesh. None of these rivers is navigable, and the Tapti flows in a deep bed which historically made it difficult to use for irrigation. Most of Khandesh lies south of the Tapti and is drained by its tributaries: the Girna, Bori, and Panjhra. The alluvial plain north of the Tapti contains some of the richest tracts in Khandesh, and the land rises towards the Satpuda hills. In the centre and east, the country is level, save for some low ranges of barren hills. To the north and west, the plain rises into rugged hills, thickly wooded, and inhabited by members of the Bhil tribe.[5]
HistoryEdit
Ancient historyEdit
The Markandeya Purana and Jain literature interestingly describe Khanadesh region as Abhiradesa. The rule of the Abhiras over this region is not only evident from the epigraphs but from the oral traditions also. A tradition of Nandurbar (Kandesh) presents before us an interesting account of an Ahir Raja Nanda, who fought the Turks.[6]
Delhi dynastiesEdit
In 1295, Khandesh was under the Chauhan ruler of Asirgarh when Ala-ud-din Khilji of Delhi wrested control.[7]: 418 Various Delhi dynasties controlled Khandesh over the next century.[7]
Mughal ruleEdit
The Mughals arrived in 1599, when Akbar's army overran Khandesh and captured Asirgarh.[7]: 418 For a period of time, Khandesh was renamed as Dandesh in recognition of Akbar's son Daniyal.[8]: 248 c. 1640, Todar Mal's revenue settlement system was introduced in Khandesh by Shah Jahan (this system was used until British rule in 1818).[8]: 250 The mid-17th century has been described as the time of Khandesh's "highest prosperity" owing to trade in cotton, rice, indigo, sugarcane, and cloth.[8]: 250 Mughal rule lasted until the Marathas captured Asirgarh in 1760.[7]: 418
During Mughal rule, Burhanpur was the capital of the Khandesh Subah, an administrative provincial division of the Mughal Empire. Early in December 1670, Maratha forces under Prataprao made a raid into Khandesh. They advanced in rapid marches and plundered Bahadarpur, a village near Burhanpur 2 miles away from the city. But they didn't attack Burhanpur.[9]
Maratha ruleEdit
Maratha raids into Khandesh began in 1670 and the following century was a period of unrest as Mughals and Marathas competed for control.[7]: 418 In 1760, the Peshwa ousted the Mughal ruler and gained control of Khandesh, following which portions were granted to Holkar and Scindia rulers.[7]: 418 Baji Rao II surrendered to the British in June 1818, but sporadic war continued in Khandesh which was among the last of the Peshwa's former territories to come under complete British control.[10]: 9
British ruleEdit
Khandesh District (1878)
Khandesh was a district in the Bombay Presidency.[11] In 1906, the district was divided into two districts: East Khandesh, headquartered at Jalgaon, had an area of 11,770 km2 (4,544 sq mi), while West Khandesh, headquartered at Dhule, had an area of 14,240 km2 (5,497 sq mi); their respective populations were 957,728 and 469,654 in 1901.[12]
Independent IndiaEdit
After India's independence in 1947, Bombay province became Bombay State, and in 1960 was divided into the linguistic states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. East Khandesh became Jalgaon district, and West Khandesh became Dhule district, both in Maharashtra state.[13] The latter was further divided into Dhule and Nandurbar districts.[4] This region has a population of 8,686,921 people (including Burhanpur district of MP) as of 2011 Census.
^ abPatil, M.V. (2015). An Inventory on Agrobiodiversity and Homestead Gardens in Tribal Tehsils of Khandesh Maharashtra. North Maharashtra University. pp. Chapter 6–1. hdl:10603/136532.
^One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Khandesh, East and West". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 771.
^Journal of the Oriental Institute, M.S. University of Barida, Baroda. Oriental Institute. 1985.
^ abcdefImperial Gazetteer of India. Vol. Provincial Series: Bombay Presidency Vol. 1. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. 1909.
^ abcGazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. XII: Khandesh. Bombay: Government Central Press. 1880.
^Sarkar, Jadunath (1919). Shivaji And His Times (First ed.). London: Longmans, Green and co. pp. 206, 207.
^Deshpande, Arvind M. (1987). John Briggs in Maharashtra: A Study of District Administration Under Early British Rule. Delhi: Mittal Publications.
^Census of India, 1911(PDF). Vol. VII, Bombay: Part 1, Report. Bombay: Government Central Press. 1912. p. 1.
^. Khandesh. Archived from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
^Jamkar, A.G. (1988). "Origin and Evolution of Periodic Market Places in Dhule District (Maharashtra)". In Shrivastava, V.K. (ed.). Commercial Activities and Rural Development in South Asia: A Geographical Study. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 134. ISBN81-7022-194-3.
khandesh, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 2015, learn. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Khandesh news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article is about geographical region in North Maharashtra India For erstwhile Khandesh district of Bombay presidency see Khandesh district Khandesh is a geographic region in Maharashtra India It was made up of present Jalgaon Dhule and Nandurbar districts 1 It also said that Burhanpur District of Madhya Pradesh was also its part 2 dubious discuss KhandeshRegionPanoramic view of Purna river near MuktainagarBlue Khandesh in Maharashtra Light Blue Khandesh in Madhya Pradesh Burhanpur CountryIndiaStateMaharashtra and Madhya Pradesh citation needed Districts1 Jalgaon2 Dhule3 Nandurbar4 BurhanpurLargest CityJalgaonLanguagesMarathi KhandeshiElevation240 m 790 ft DemonymKhandeshiTime zoneUTC 5 30 IST Area comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra Khandesh MapThe region have seen many geographical changes in 1906 its eponymous district was bifurcated to form two new districts that is West Khandesh East Khandesh district Dhule and Jalgaon was there headquarters respectively In 1990s West Khandesh further divided to form a new district Nandurbar 1 The use of the Khandeshi language is prevalent in this region and the language itself derives its name from the name of the region This language is sometimes considered as a dialect of Marathi due to its mutual intelligibility with it and hence has lower numbers in the census due to people opting their language as Marathi instead original research This region is famous for banana agriculture and is a leading producer of it 3 Contents 1 Geography 2 History 2 1 Ancient history 2 2 Delhi dynasties 2 3 Mughal rule 2 4 Maratha rule 2 5 British rule 2 6 Independent India 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksGeography EditKhandesh lies in Western India on the northwestern corner of the Maharashtra in the valley of the Tapti River It is bounded to the north by the Satpura Range to the east by the Berar Varhad region to the south by the Hills of Ajanta belonging to the Marathwada region of Maharashtra and to the west by the northernmost ranges of the Western Ghats The principal natural feature is the Tapti River 4 Unlike the rest of the Deccan whose rivers rise in the Western Ghats and flow eastward to the Bay of Bengal the Tapti flows westward from headwaters in southern Madhya Pradesh to empty into the Arabian Sea The Tapti receives thirteen principal tributaries in its course through Khandesh None of these rivers is navigable and the Tapti flows in a deep bed which historically made it difficult to use for irrigation Most of Khandesh lies south of the Tapti and is drained by its tributaries the Girna Bori and Panjhra The alluvial plain north of the Tapti contains some of the richest tracts in Khandesh and the land rises towards the Satpuda hills In the centre and east the country is level save for some low ranges of barren hills To the north and west the plain rises into rugged hills thickly wooded and inhabited by members of the Bhil tribe 5 History EditAncient history Edit The Markandeya Purana and Jain literature interestingly describe Khanadesh region as Abhiradesa The rule of the Abhiras over this region is not only evident from the epigraphs but from the oral traditions also A tradition of Nandurbar Kandesh presents before us an interesting account of an Ahir Raja Nanda who fought the Turks 6 Delhi dynasties Edit In 1295 Khandesh was under the Chauhan ruler of Asirgarh when Ala ud din Khilji of Delhi wrested control 7 418 Various Delhi dynasties controlled Khandesh over the next century 7 Mughal rule Edit The Mughals arrived in 1599 when Akbar s army overran Khandesh and captured Asirgarh 7 418 For a period of time Khandesh was renamed as Dandesh in recognition of Akbar s son Daniyal 8 248 c 1640 Todar Mal s revenue settlement system was introduced in Khandesh by Shah Jahan this system was used until British rule in 1818 8 250 The mid 17th century has been described as the time of Khandesh s highest prosperity owing to trade in cotton rice indigo sugarcane and cloth 8 250 Mughal rule lasted until the Marathas captured Asirgarh in 1760 7 418 During Mughal rule Burhanpur was the capital of the Khandesh Subah an administrative provincial division of the Mughal Empire Early in December 1670 Maratha forces under Prataprao made a raid into Khandesh They advanced in rapid marches and plundered Bahadarpur a village near Burhanpur 2 miles away from the city But they didn t attack Burhanpur 9 Maratha rule Edit Maratha raids into Khandesh began in 1670 and the following century was a period of unrest as Mughals and Marathas competed for control 7 418 In 1760 the Peshwa ousted the Mughal ruler and gained control of Khandesh following which portions were granted to Holkar and Scindia rulers 7 418 Baji Rao II surrendered to the British in June 1818 but sporadic war continued in Khandesh which was among the last of the Peshwa s former territories to come under complete British control 10 9 British rule Edit nbsp Khandesh District 1878 Khandesh was a district in the Bombay Presidency 11 In 1906 the district was divided into two districts East Khandesh headquartered at Jalgaon had an area of 11 770 km2 4 544 sq mi while West Khandesh headquartered at Dhule had an area of 14 240 km2 5 497 sq mi their respective populations were 957 728 and 469 654 in 1901 12 Independent India Edit After India s independence in 1947 Bombay province became Bombay State and in 1960 was divided into the linguistic states of Maharashtra and Gujarat East Khandesh became Jalgaon district and West Khandesh became Dhule district both in Maharashtra state 13 The latter was further divided into Dhule and Nandurbar districts 4 This region has a population of 8 686 921 people including Burhanpur district of MP as of 2011 Census See also EditKhandesh AgencyReferences Edit a b District census handbook Jalgaon PDF Mumbai Directorate of census operations Maharashtra 2014 Retrieved 9 March 2023 Welcome to Khandesh Khandesh com Retrieved 1 August 2010 क त र ट ग र मस वक पर क ष म र गदर शक in Marathi Latur 2021 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link a b Patil M V 2015 An Inventory on Agrobiodiversity and Homestead Gardens in Tribal Tehsils of Khandesh Maharashtra North Maharashtra University pp Chapter 6 1 hdl 10603 136532 nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Khandesh East and West Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 15 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 771 Journal of the Oriental Institute M S University of Barida Baroda Oriental Institute 1985 a b c d e f Imperial Gazetteer of India Vol Provincial Series Bombay Presidency Vol 1 Calcutta Superintendent of Government Printing 1909 a b c Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency Vol XII Khandesh Bombay Government Central Press 1880 Sarkar Jadunath 1919 Shivaji And His Times First ed London Longmans Green and co pp 206 207 Deshpande Arvind M 1987 John Briggs in Maharashtra A Study of District Administration Under Early British Rule Delhi Mittal Publications Census of India 1911 PDF Vol VII Bombay Part 1 Report Bombay Government Central Press 1912 p 1 Khandesh Khandesh Archived from the original on 21 October 2018 Retrieved 1 August 2010 Jamkar A G 1988 Origin and Evolution of Periodic Market Places in Dhule District Maharashtra In Shrivastava V K ed Commercial Activities and Rural Development in South Asia A Geographical Study New Delhi Concept Publishing Company p 134 ISBN 81 7022 194 3 External links EditImperial Gazetteer of India v 15 p 225 24021 N 75 E 21 N 75 E 21 75 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Khandesh amp oldid 1177478851, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
