Scindia dynasty (anglicized from Shinde) was a Hindu Maratha dynasty that ruled the erstwhile Gwalior State in central India. It had the patil-ship of Kumberkerrab in Wai and was founded by Ranoji Scindia, who started as a personal servant of the PeshwaBajirao I.[1][2][3][4] Ranoji and his descendents, along with their rivals the Holkars, played a leading role during the Maratha ascendency in northern India in the 18th-century. The Gwalior State became a princely state under the British Raj during the 19th and the 20th-centuries. After India's independence in 1947 and the abolition of princely states, several members of the Scindia family went on to enter Indian politics.
The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia, a Kunbi personal servant of Bajirao I Peshwa.[1][2][3][4] Ranoji prospered early under Bajirao because of the favorable circumstances created by the appointment of Bajirao as the Peshwa at the age of twenty.This had evoked jealousy from senior officials like Anant Ram Sumant, Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi, Khanderao Dabhade and Kanhoji Bhosle.This led Baji Rao to promote as commanders of his troops, talented young men who were barely out of teens such as Malhar Rao Holkar, the Pawar brothers, Pilaji Jadhav, Fateh Singh Bhosle and of course, Ranoji.None of these men belonged to families that held hereditary Deshmukhi rights under earlier rulers such as the Deccan Sultanates.[5][6] The Shindes or Scindias had served as shiledars (cavalrymen) under the Bahmani Sultanate and played an important role in the state of affairs and held Patilki of Kumberkerrab.[7][3]
There are otherwise several anecdotes about the origin of the Scindhias, especially those recorded by Sir John Malcolm.[8]Stewart Gordon states the cultivator, etc. origin of other Marathas.[9]
The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia, who was the son of Jankojirao Scindia, the Patil of Kanherkhed, a village in Satara District, Maharashtra.[10]PeshwaBaji Rao's career saw the strengthening of the Maratha Empire. Ranoji was in charge of the Maratha conquests in Malwa in 1726. Ranoji established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. His successors included Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Jankojirao, Mahadji Shinde and Daulatrao Scindia.The Scindias became a major regional power in the latter half of the 18th century, and figured prominently in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars.They held sway over many of the Rajput states, and conquered north India. In 1818, after accepting the terms of a subsidiary alliance with the British, the family shifted their base from Ujjain to The Gwalior.
Rulers of Gwalior state under the British
After the defeat of the allied Maratha states by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1818, Daulatrao Shinde was forced to accept local autonomy as a princely state within British-occupied India and to give up Ajmer to the British. After the death of Daulatrao, Maharani Baiza Bai ruled the empire, saving it from the British power, till the adopted child Jankoji Rao took over the charge. Jankoji died in 1843, and his widow Tarabai Raje Scindia successfully maintained the position and adopted a child from close lineage named Jayajirao.
Accession of Gwalior state into Independent India
The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India's independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, when the MaharajaJivajirao Scindia acceded to the Government of India. Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states to become the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat. Jiwajirao Scindia served as the state's rajpramukh, or appointed governor, from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh.
Political careers of family members
In 1962, Vijayraje Scindia, the widow of Maharaja Jiwajirao, was elected to the Lok Sabha, beginning the family's career in electoral politics.[11] She was first a member of the Congress Party, and later became an influential member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Her son Madhavrao Scindia was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Jansangh Party, he joined Congress in 1980 and served until his death in 2001. His son, Jyotiraditya Scindia, joined the Congress Party and was elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004. He later joined the Bharatiya Janata Party on 11 March 2020.
Vijayaraje's daughters have supported the Bharatiya Janata Party. Vasundhara Raje Scindia contested and won five parliamentary elections from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Under the Vajpayee government from 1998 onwards, Vasundhara was in charge of several different ministries. In 2003 she led the Bharatiya Janata Party to its largest majority in Rajasthan, and became the state's Chief Minister.[12] In 2013 again, she led Bharatiya Janata Party to a thumping win in the state of Rajasthan, winning over 160 out of the 200 seats in the assembly elections. Her other daughter, Yashodhara Raje Scindia, contested assembly elections from Shivpuri in Madhya Pradesh and won in 1998, 2003 and 2013 and also lok sabha 2004, 2009 from Gwalior. Upon the BJP's win in the state, she became the state's Minister for Tourism, Sports and Youth Affairs. Vasundhara's son Dushyant Singh entered the Lok Sabha in 2004 from Rajasthan.[13]
Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born 3 December 1730, died 12 February 1794.
Daulat Rao Shinde (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 21 March 1827.
Jankoji Rao Scindia II (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 7 February 1843.
Jayaji Rao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 19 January 1835, died 20 June 1886.
Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 20 October 1876, died 5 June 1925.
Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956. Last Maharaja, later Rajpramukh) Born 26 June 1916, died 16 July 1961.
Madhavrao Scindia (1961–1971) The last Maharaja, before the abolishment of monarchy in 1971.
Family tree
Shinde dynasty and the Family tree of the Maharajas of Gwalior
^ abAinslie Thomas Embree (1988). Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner. p. 14. ISBN978-0-684-18899-7. Ranoji Scindia (d. 1750), the founder of Gwalior state, started his political career reputedly as a slipper-bearer at the court of the peshwa, or prime minister, of the Marathas, but soon rose to high office.
^ abK. V. Krishna Ayyar (1999). The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806. Publication Division, University of Calicut. ISBN978-81-7748-000-9. The carrying of the Pallimaradi before the Zamorin on public occasions might have been due to the same reason as the carrying of a pair of golden slippers before Scindia, whose ancestor was the slipper - bearer of Peshwa Baji Rao - to show his respect for his original humble office which was the cause of his subsequent success
^ abcSatish Chandra (2003). Essays on Medieval Indian History. Oxford University Press. p. 93. ISBN978-0-19-566336-5. The Sindhias, it is well-known, were drawn from a Kunbi family which had the hereditary patel-ship of Kumberkerrab in the district of Wai. The origins of the Holkar were even more humble: they belonged to the caste of goat-herds (dungar), the family holding zamindari rights in the village of Hal.
^ abRomila Thapar (1994). "Seminar - Issues 417-424": 59. Many peasant caste men who distinguished themselves in battle or otherwise served the ruler became Marathas. Witness the first Holkar who was a shepherd and the first Scindia who was a Kunbi personal servant of the Peshwa{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Gordon, Stewart (2007). The Marathas 1600–1818. Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge University Press. pp. 117–121. ISBN978-0521033169.
^Sardesai, Govind Sakharam (1946). New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707-1772. Phoenix Publications. pp. 65, 69.
^Richard M. Eaton (19 December 2005). A social history of the Deccan, 1300-1761: eight Indian lives. Cambridge University Press. pp. 188–. ISBN978-0-521-25484-7. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian Princes and their States. The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 35&36. ISBN9781139449083.
^Stewart Gordon (16 September 1993). The Marathas 1600-1818. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–. ISBN978-0-521-26883-7. Looking backward from ample material on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, we know that Maratha as a category of caste represents the amalgamation of families from several castes - Kunbi, Lohar, Sutar, Bhandari, Thakar, and even Dhangars (shepherds) – which existed in the seventeenth century and, indeed, exist as castes in Maharashtra today. What differentiated, for example, "Maratha" from "Kunbi"? It was precisely the martial tradition, of which they were proud, and the rights (watans and inams) they gained from military service. It was these rights which differentiated them from the ordinary cultivator, ironworkers and tailors, especially at the local level
^N. G. Rathod (1994). The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Sarup & Sons. p. 1. ISBN978-81-85431-52-9.
^. Archived from the original on 11 February 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2006.
^N. G. Rathod (1994). The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Sarup & Sons. p. 8. ISBN978-81-85431-52-9.
Further reading
Yule, Sir Henry; Burnell, Arthur Coke (1903), William Crooke (ed.), Hobson-Jobson: a Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive, London: J. Murray, OCLC 4718658
Hope, John (1863). The House of Scindea — A Sketch by John Hope. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green, London.
scindia, dynasty, maratha, clan, shinde, neighbourhood, scindia, visakhapatnam, scindia, dynasty, anglicized, from, shinde, hindu, maratha, dynasty, that, ruled, erstwhile, gwalior, state, central, india, patil, ship, kumberkerrab, founded, ranoji, scindia, st. For the Maratha clan see Shinde For the neighbourhood see Scindia Visakhapatnam Scindia dynasty anglicized from Shinde was a Hindu Maratha dynasty that ruled the erstwhile Gwalior State in central India It had the patil ship of Kumberkerrab in Wai and was founded by Ranoji Scindia who started as a personal servant of the Peshwa Bajirao I 1 2 3 4 Ranoji and his descendents along with their rivals the Holkars played a leading role during the Maratha ascendency in northern India in the 18th century The Gwalior State became a princely state under the British Raj during the 19th and the 20th centuries After India s independence in 1947 and the abolition of princely states several members of the Scindia family went on to enter Indian politics Contents 1 Foundation 2 History 2 1 Maratha Period 2 2 Rulers of Gwalior state under the British 2 3 Accession of Gwalior state into Independent India 2 4 Political careers of family members 3 Shinde Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior 4 Family tree 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksFoundation Edit Maratha Sardar Ranoji Scindia The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia a Kunbi personal servant of Bajirao I Peshwa 1 2 3 4 Ranoji prospered early under Bajirao because of the favorable circumstances created by the appointment of Bajirao as the Peshwa at the age of twenty This had evoked jealousy from senior officials like Anant Ram Sumant Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi Khanderao Dabhade and Kanhoji Bhosle This led Baji Rao to promote as commanders of his troops talented young men who were barely out of teens such as Malhar Rao Holkar the Pawar brothers Pilaji Jadhav Fateh Singh Bhosle and of course Ranoji None of these men belonged to families that held hereditary Deshmukhi rights under earlier rulers such as the Deccan Sultanates 5 6 The Shindes or Scindias had served as shiledars cavalrymen under the Bahmani Sultanate and played an important role in the state of affairs and held Patilki of Kumberkerrab 7 3 There are otherwise several anecdotes about the origin of the Scindhias especially those recorded by Sir John Malcolm 8 Stewart Gordon states the cultivator etc origin of other Marathas 9 History Edit The Maharaja of Gwalior Before His Palace Maratha Period Edit Shinde Chhatri Wanawdi Pune A memorial dedicated to Mahadji Shinde The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia who was the son of Jankojirao Scindia the Patil of Kanherkhed a village in Satara District Maharashtra 10 Peshwa Baji Rao s career saw the strengthening of the Maratha Empire Ranoji was in charge of the Maratha conquests in Malwa in 1726 Ranoji established his capital at Ujjain in 1731 His successors included Jayajirao Jyotibarao Dattajirao Jankojirao Mahadji Shinde and Daulatrao Scindia The Scindias became a major regional power in the latter half of the 18th century and figured prominently in the three Anglo Maratha Wars They held sway over many of the Rajput states and conquered north India In 1818 after accepting the terms of a subsidiary alliance with the British the family shifted their base from Ujjain to The Gwalior Rulers of Gwalior state under the British Edit After the defeat of the allied Maratha states by the British in the Third Anglo Maratha War of 1818 Daulatrao Shinde was forced to accept local autonomy as a princely state within British occupied India and to give up Ajmer to the British After the death of Daulatrao Maharani Baiza Bai ruled the empire saving it from the British power till the adopted child Jankoji Rao took over the charge Jankoji died in 1843 and his widow Tarabai Raje Scindia successfully maintained the position and adopted a child from close lineage named Jayajirao Accession of Gwalior state into Independent India Edit The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India s independence from the United Kingdom in 1947 when the Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia acceded to the Government of India Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states to become the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat Jiwajirao Scindia served as the state s rajpramukh or appointed governor from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956 when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh Political careers of family members Edit In 1962 Vijayraje Scindia the widow of Maharaja Jiwajirao was elected to the Lok Sabha beginning the family s career in electoral politics 11 She was first a member of the Congress Party and later became an influential member of the Bharatiya Janata Party Her son Madhavrao Scindia was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Jansangh Party he joined Congress in 1980 and served until his death in 2001 His son Jyotiraditya Scindia joined the Congress Party and was elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004 He later joined the Bharatiya Janata Party on 11 March 2020 Vijayaraje s daughters have supported the Bharatiya Janata Party Vasundhara Raje Scindia contested and won five parliamentary elections from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan Under the Vajpayee government from 1998 onwards Vasundhara was in charge of several different ministries In 2003 she led the Bharatiya Janata Party to its largest majority in Rajasthan and became the state s Chief Minister 12 In 2013 again she led Bharatiya Janata Party to a thumping win in the state of Rajasthan winning over 160 out of the 200 seats in the assembly elections Her other daughter Yashodhara Raje Scindia contested assembly elections from Shivpuri in Madhya Pradesh and won in 1998 2003 and 2013 and also lok sabha 2004 2009 from Gwalior Upon the BJP s win in the state she became the state s Minister for Tourism Sports and Youth Affairs Vasundhara s son Dushyant Singh entered the Lok Sabha in 2004 from Rajasthan 13 Shinde Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior Edit Mahadaji Shinde was instrumental in resurrecting Maratha power in North India after the Battle of Panipat in 1761 14 Ranoji Rao Shinde 1731 19 July 1745 Died 19 July 1745 Jayappa Rao Shinde 1745 25 July 1755 Born c 1720 died 25 July 1755 Jankoji Rao Scindia I 25 July 1755 15 January 1761 Born in 1745 died 15 January 1761 Dattaji Rao Scindia Regent 1755 10 January 1760 Died 10 January 1760 Vacant 15 January 1761 25 November 1763 Kadarji Rao Scindia 25 November 1763 10 July 1764 Died Manaji Rao Scindia 10 July 1764 18 January 1768 Died Mahadaji Scindia 18 January 1768 12 February 1794 Born 3 December 1730 died 12 February 1794 Daulat Rao Shinde 12 February 1794 21 March 1827 Born 1779 died 21 March 1827 Jankoji Rao Scindia II 18 June 1827 7 February 1843 Born 1805 died 7 February 1843 Jayaji Rao Scindia 7 February 1843 20 June 1886 Born 19 January 1835 died 20 June 1886 Madho Rao Scindia 20 June 1886 5 June 1925 Born 20 October 1876 died 5 June 1925 Jivajirao Scindia Maharaja 5 June 1925 15 August 1947 Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 31 October 1956 Last Maharaja later Rajpramukh Born 26 June 1916 died 16 July 1961 Madhavrao Scindia 1961 1971 The last Maharaja before the abolishment of monarchy in 1971 Family tree EditShinde dynasty and the Family tree of the Maharajas of Gwalior Biological Child Adopted ChildRanoji Rao 1 r 1731 1745JayappajiRao 2 r 1745 1755Dattaji RaoRegentt 1755 1761Tukoji RaoMahadaji 7 r 1768 1794JankojiRao I 3 r 1755 1761Kadarji Rao 4 r 1763 1764Anand RaoManaji Rao 6 r 1764 1768Baiza BaiRegentt 1827 1833Daulat Rao 8 r 1794 1827JankojiRao II 9 r 1827 1843Tara BaiRegentt 1843 1844Sakhya BaiRegentt 1886 1894Jayaji Rao 10 r 1843 1886Madho Rao 11 r 1886 1925Gajra BaiRegentt 1931 1936Jivaji Rao 12 r 1925 1948 Titular r 1948 1961MadhavRao 13 Titular r 1961 1971Head ofthe Family1971 2001Jyotiraditya 14 Head ofthe Family2001 presentReferences Edit a b Ainslie Thomas Embree 1988 Encyclopedia of Asian history Scribner p 14 ISBN 978 0 684 18899 7 Ranoji Scindia d 1750 the founder of Gwalior state started his political career reputedly as a slipper bearer at the court of the peshwa or prime minister of the Marathas but soon rose to high office a b K V Krishna Ayyar 1999 The Zamorins of Calicut From the Earliest Times Down to A D 1806 Publication Division University of Calicut ISBN 978 81 7748 000 9 The carrying of the Pallimaradi before the Zamorin on public occasions might have been due to the same reason as the carrying of a pair of golden slippers before Scindia whose ancestor was the slipper bearer of Peshwa Baji Rao to show his respect for his original humble office which was the cause of his subsequent success a b c Satish Chandra 2003 Essays on Medieval Indian History Oxford University Press p 93 ISBN 978 0 19 566336 5 The Sindhias it is well known were drawn from a Kunbi family which had the hereditary patel ship of Kumberkerrab in the district of Wai The origins of the Holkar were even more humble they belonged to the caste of goat herds dungar the family holding zamindari rights in the village of Hal a b Romila Thapar 1994 Seminar Issues 417 424 59 Many peasant caste men who distinguished themselves in battle or otherwise served the ruler became Marathas Witness the first Holkar who was a shepherd and the first Scindia who was a Kunbi personal servant of the Peshwa a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Gordon Stewart 2007 The Marathas 1600 1818 Cambridge u a Cambridge University Press pp 117 121 ISBN 978 0521033169 Sardesai Govind Sakharam 1946 New History of the Marathas The expansion of the Maratha power 1707 1772 Phoenix Publications pp 65 69 Richard M Eaton 19 December 2005 A social history of the Deccan 1300 1761 eight Indian lives Cambridge University Press pp 188 ISBN 978 0 521 25484 7 Retrieved 16 July 2011 Ramusack Barbara N 2004 The Indian Princes and their States The New Cambridge History of India Cambridge University Press p 35 amp 36 ISBN 9781139449083 Stewart Gordon 16 September 1993 The Marathas 1600 1818 Cambridge University Press pp 15 ISBN 978 0 521 26883 7 Looking backward from ample material on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries we know that Maratha as a category of caste represents the amalgamation of families from several castes Kunbi Lohar Sutar Bhandari Thakar and even Dhangars shepherds which existed in the seventeenth century and indeed exist as castes in Maharashtra today What differentiated for example Maratha from Kunbi It was precisely the martial tradition of which they were proud and the rights watans and inams they gained from military service It was these rights which differentiated them from the ordinary cultivator ironworkers and tailors especially at the local level N G Rathod 1994 The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia Sarup amp Sons p 1 ISBN 978 81 85431 52 9 Vijaya Raje Scindia Archived from the original on 11 February 2007 Retrieved 4 December 2006 Life and Career Vasundhara Raje Dushyant Singh wins NDTV N G Rathod 1994 The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia Sarup amp Sons p 8 ISBN 978 81 85431 52 9 Further reading EditYule Sir Henry Burnell Arthur Coke 1903 William Crooke ed Hobson Jobson a Glossary of Colloquial Anglo Indian Words and Phrases and of Kindred Terms Etymological Historical Geographical and Discursive London J Murray OCLC 4718658 Hope John 1863 The House of Scindea A Sketch by John Hope Longman Green Longman Roberts amp Green London Neelesh Ishwarchandra Karkare 2017 Tawaareekh E ShindeShahi ISBN 978 93 5267 241 7 External links Edit Media related to Scindia at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Scindia Dynasty amp oldid 1151337924, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
