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Jayaprakash Narayan

April 16, 2023

"Loknayak" redirects here. For the 2004 Indian film about him, see Loknayak (film).

Jayaprakash Narayan (listen (help·info); 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), popularly referred to as JP or Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian independence activist, theorist, socialist and political leader. He is remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, for whose overthrow he had called for a "total revolution". His biography, Jayaprakash, was written by his nationalist friend and the writer of Hindi literature, Rambriksh Benipuri. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. Other awards include the Magsaysay award for Public Service in 1965.

Jayaprakash Narayan
JP during his visit in Germany, c. 1959
Born(1902-10-11)11 October 1902
Sitab Diara, United Provinces, British India (present–day Ballia, India)
Died8 October 1979(1979-10-08) (aged 76)
Patna, Bihar, India
Other namesJP, Jay Prakash Narayan, Lok Nayak
Alma materUniversity of Wisconsin (M.A., sociology)
Ohio State University (B. A., behavioral science)
University of Iowa (CHE, discontinued)
U.C. Berkeley (chemistry, discontinued)[1][2]
Occupations
  • Activist
  • theorist
  • politician
Political partyIndian National Congress
Janata Party
MovementQuit India, Sarvodaya, JP Movement
SpousePrabhavati Devi
RelativesBrajkishore Prasad (father-in-law)
Awards

Early life

Jayprakash Narayan was born on 11 October 1902[3] in the village of Sitabdiara, Ballia district, United Provinces, British India (present-day Saran district, Bihar, India).[4] Sitabdiara is a large village, straddling two states and three districts — Saran and Bhojpur in Bihar and Ballia in Uttar Pradesh.[5] His house was near the banks of the flood-prone Ghaghara river. Every time the river swelled, the house would get a little bit damaged, eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres away to a settlement which is now known as Jay Prakash Nagar and falls in Uttar Pradesh.

He came from a Srivastava Kayastha family.[6] He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the seventh class of the collegiate school at Patna.[7] This was his first break from village life. JP stayed at a student hostel—Saraswati Bhawan—in which most of the boys were a bit older. Among them were some of Bihar's future leaders including its first chief minister, Krishna Singh, his deputy Anugrah Narayan Sinha and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world.[8]

In October 1918, Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's elder daughter Prabhavati Devi, a freedom fighter in her own right.[9] After their wedding, since Narayan was working in Patna and it was difficult for his wife to stay with him, on the invitation of Gandhi, Prabhavati became an inmate at Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad).[10] Jayaprakash, along with some friends, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about the Non-co-operation movement launched by Gandhi against the passing of the Rowlatt Act of 1919. The Maulana was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies. That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being". Jayaprakash took the Maulana's words to heart and left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining for his examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by Rajendra Prasad and became among the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.[citation needed]

Higher education in the United States

After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Jayaprakash decided to continue studies in the United States.[9] At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship Janus while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to Berkeley in January 1923.[11] To pay for his education, Jayaprakash picked grapes, set them out to dry, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, worked as a mechanic at a garage and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. All these jobs gave Jayaprakash an insight into the difficulties of the working class.[1][2]

After a semester studying chemistry[12] at UC Berkeley, Jayaprakash was forced to transfer to The University of Iowa when fees at Berkeley were doubled. He was forced to transfer to many universities thereafter. He pursued his favourite subject, sociology, and received much help from Professor Edward Ross.

In Wisconsin, Jayaprakash was introduced to Karl Marx's Das Kapital. News of the success of the Bolsheviks in Russian Civil War made Jayaprakash conclude that Marxism was the way to alleviate the suffering of the masses. He delved into books by Indian intellectual and Communist theoretician M. N. Roy. His paper on sociology, Cultural Variation,[13] was declared the best of the year.[14] He obtained M.A., Sociology from University of Wisconsin, and B. A., in Behavioral Science from Ohio State University.[1][2]

Politics

 
Narayan with Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion in Tel Aviv, 1958

Narayan returned from the US to India in late 1929 as a Marxist.[15] He joined the Indian National Congress on the invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929; Mahatma Gandhi became his mentor in the Congress. He shared a house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with his close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)[16] with whom he shared the most cordial and lasting friendship.[16]

After being jailed in 1930 for civil disobedience against British rule, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, where he met Ram Manohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Ashok Mehta, Basawon Singh, Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami and other national leaders. After his release, the Congress Socialist Party, or (CSP), a left-wing group within the Congress, was formed with Acharya Narendra Deva as president and Narayan as General secretary.[citation needed]

When Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942, Yogendra Shukla scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail along with Jayaprakash Narayan, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Pandit Ramnandan Mishra, Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, with a goal to start an underground movement for freedom.[17] Many young socialist leaders like Ram Manohar Lohia, Chhotubhai Puranik, Aruna Asaf Ali, etc. took part in underground movement. As Jayaprakash Narayan was ill, Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya with Jayaprakash Narayan on his shoulders,[17] a distance of about 124 kilometres.[18] He also served as the[19] Chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

After Freedom

Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of All India Railwaymen's Federation, the largest labour union in the Indian Railways.[20]

Bihar Movement and Total Revolution

Narayan returned to prominence in State politics in the late 1960s. 1974 ushered in a year of high inflation, unemployment and lack of supplies and essential commodities. Nav Nirman Andolan movement of Gujarat asked Jayaprakash to lead a peaceful agitation. Following Jayaprakash Narayan's call for social justice, and a demand for dissolution of the Bihar assembly.

The Bihar government used brutal force to suppress the movement and on 18 March 1974, police fired on unarmed demonstrators and eight people were killed in police firing. On 8 April 1974, aged 72, he led a silent procession at Patna. As, Jayaprakash Narayan crossed the barricaded area followed by Satyendra Narain Sinha, Shyam Nandan Mishra, Digvijay Narayan Singh & B.R. Chandwar, the procession was lathi charged. On 5 June 1974, Jayaprakash addressed a large crowd at Gandhi Maidan in Patna. He declared, "This is a revolution, friends! We are not here merely to see the Vidhan Sabha dissolved. That is only one milestone on our journey. But we have a long way to go... After 27 years of freedom, people of this country are wracked by hunger, rising prices, corruption... oppressed by every kind of injustice... it is a Total Revolution we want, nothing less!" In 1974, he led the students' movement in the state of Bihar which gradually developed into a popular people's movement known as the Bihar Movement. It was during this movement that JP gave a call for peaceful Total Revolution. Together with V. M. Tarkunde, he founded the Citizens for Democracy in 1974 and the People's Union for Civil Liberties in 1976, both NGOs, to uphold and defend civil liberties.

Emergency

Indira Gandhi was found guilty of violating electoral laws by the Allahabad High Court. Narayan called for Indira and the CMs to resign and the military and police to disregard unconstitutional and immoral orders. He advocated a program of social transformation which he termed Sampoorna kraanti, "total revolution". Immediately afterwards, Gandhi proclaimed a national Emergency on the midnight of 25 June 1975. Desai, opposition leaders, and dissenting members of her own party were arrested that day.

Jayaprakash Narayan attracted a gathering of 100,000 people at the Ramlila grounds and thunderously recited Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s wonderfully evocative poetry: Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai.[21]

Narayan was kept as detenu at Chandigarh even after he asked for one month parole to mobilise relief in flooded parts of Bihar. His health suddenly deteriorated on 24 October, and he was released on 12 November; diagnosis at Jaslok Hospital, Bombay, revealed kidney failure; he would be on dialysis for the rest of his life.

In the UK, Surur Hoda launched the "Free JP" campaign chaired by Nobel Peace Prize winner Noel-Baker for the release of Jayaprakash Narayan.[22]

Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency on 18 January 1977 and announced elections. The Janata Party, a vehicle for the broad spectrum of the opposition to Indira Gandhi, was formed under JP's guidance.[citation needed] The Janata Party was voted into power and became the first non-Congress party to form a government at the centre.[23] On the call of Narayan, many youngsters joined the JP movement.[citation needed] In 1977 Indian presidential election, he was proposed to president by Janata Party leaders. But, he refused it, so Janata leaders decided to Neelam Sanjeva Reddy, then Speaker of the Lok Sabha as the president.

Death

Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,[24] on 8 October 1979, three days before his 77th birthday, due to effects of diabetes and heart ailments. In March 1979, while he was in hospital, his death had been erroneously announced by the Indian prime minister, Morarji Desai, causing a grief wave of national mourning, including the suspension of parliament and regular radio broadcasting, and the closure of schools and shops. When he was told about the gaffe a few weeks later, he smiled.[25]

Family

At the age of 17, Jayaprakash was married to Prabhavati Devi, daughter of lawyer and nationalist Brij Kishore Prasad in October 1919. Prabhavati was very independent and on Gandhi's invitation, went to stay at his ashram while Jayaprakash continued his studies.[26] Prabhavati Devi died on 15 April 1973 after a long battle with cancer.

Awards

 
Narayan on a 2001 stamp of India

Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan

 
Jayaprakash Narayan's statue near Mirza Ghalib College in Gaya, Bihar, India

Artistic depictions of JP

References

  1. ^ a b c "The Idea of 'Total Revolution'". Bangalore Mirror. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Khushwant Singh (30 March 1975). "A new wave from the old India". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  3. ^ Ratan, Das (2007). Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission. Sarup & Sons. p. 7. ISBN 978-81-7625-734-3.
  4. ^ Prasad, Bimal (1980). A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan. Oxford University Press. p. IX. ISBN 978-0-19-561204-2.
  5. ^ "A forgotten hero's forgotten legacy". from the original on 16 August 2017.
  6. ^ Das, Sandip (2005). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume. Mittal Publications. p. 109. ISBN 978-81-8324-001-7.
  7. ^ Scarfe, Allan; Scarfe, Wendy (1998). J. P., His Biography. Orient Blackswan. p. 30. ISBN 978-81-250-1021-0.
  8. ^ Bhattacharjea, Ajit (1978). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography. Vikas Publishing House. p. 33. ISBN 9780836401158.
  9. ^ a b Das, Sandip (2007). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume. Mittal Publications. p. 239. ISBN 978-81-8324-001-7.
  10. ^ Ratan, Das (2007). Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission. Sarup & Sons. p. 7. ISBN 978-81-7625-734-3.
  11. ^ Chishti, Seema (11 October 2017). "Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time". The India Express. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  12. ^ "Register – University of California: 1922/1923". Register. Berkeley, California: University of California Press: 227. 1923. hdl:2027/coo.31924064686276.
  13. ^ Narayan, JP. Cultural variation. Diss. The Ohio State University, 1929.
  14. ^ "Writings of Jayprakash Narayan". www.mkgandhi.org. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  15. ^ Das, Sandip (2005). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume. Mittal Publications. p. 230. ISBN 978-81-8324-001-7.
  16. ^ a b Ralhan, O.P. (2002). Encyclopaedia of Political Parties. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 17998 (at pages 73–74). ISBN 978-81-7488-865-5.
  17. ^ a b Srivastava, N.M.P. (1988). Struggle for Freedom: Some Great Indian Revolutionaries. K.P.Jayaswal Research Institute, Government of Bihar, Patna.
  18. ^ Distance between Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya. Maps.google.co.in. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  19. ^ "Bihar Vibhuti's Legacy Drifting into Oblivion?". Patna Daily. 6 January 2012. from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  20. ^ Bear, Laura (2007). Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self. Columbia University Press. p. 231. ISBN 9780231140027.
  21. ^ Harish Khare (16 May 2001). . The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  22. ^ McRobie, George (30 June 2003). "Surur Hoda: Trade unionist who spread the message of Mahatma Gandhi". The Guardian. London. from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  23. ^ "How non-BJP, non-Congress governments in India have fared in the past". thenewsminute.com. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  24. ^ Datta-Ray, Sunanda K. . India Today. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  25. ^ "Jayaprakash Narayan's death announced mistakenly". www.indianexpress.com. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  26. ^ a b Vaidya, Prem. "Jayaprakash Narayan – Keeper of India's Conscience". LiberalsIndia.com. from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  27. ^ Correspondent, NDTV (24 January 2011). "List of all Bharat Ratna award winners". ndtv.com. from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  28. ^ "Blog Entry# 1555434". India Rail. 1 August 2015. from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  29. ^ "Uncensored 'Loknayak' to be screened soon". The Times of India. 19 October 2004. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  30. ^ . Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  31. ^ . The Hindu. 31 May 2010. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

Further reading and bibliography

  • Braja Kishore Prasad: The Hero of Many Battles by Sachidanand Sinha; National Book Trust, India, New Delhi; 2018; ISBN 978-81-237-8176-1
  • Red Fugitive: Jayaprakash Narayan by H L Singh Dewans Publications Lahore 1946
  • Life and Time of Jayaprakash Narayan by J S Bright Dewans Publications Lahore 1946
  • J.P: His Biography, Allan and Wendy Scarfe, Orient Longmans New Delhi 1975
  • Jayaprakash: Rebel Extraordinary, by Lakshmi Narayan Lal, Indian Book Company New Delhi 1975
  • Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan, by Suresh Ram Macmillan Co. Delhi 1974
  • Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan by Farooq Argali Janata Pocket Books Delhi 1977.
  • Bimal Prasad (editor). 1980. A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan. Oxford University Press, Delhi ISBN 0-19-561204-3
  • Jai Prakash Narain, Jayaprakash Narayan, Essential Writings, 1929–1979: A Centenary Volume, 1902–2002, Konark Publishers (2002) ISBN 81-220-0634-5
  • Dr. Kawaljeet, J.P.'s Total Revolution and Humanism (Patna: Buddhiwadi Foundation, 2002). ISBN 81-86935-02-9
  • Dr. Ramendra (editor), Jayaprakash Vichar Sankalan [Hindi] (Patna: Rajendra Prakashan, 1986).
  • Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri, Leftism in India: 1917–1947 (London and New Delhi: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
  • Radhakanta Barik, Politics of the JP Movement (Radiant Publications, Delhi, 1977)
  • MG Devashayam, JP Movement Emergency and India's Second Freedom (Vitasta Publishing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2012). ISBN 978-93-80828-61-9
  • Why Socialism, 1936
  • War Circulars, 1–4 CSP, Lucknow
  • Inside Lahore Fort, Sahityalaya Patna 1947
  • Nation Building in India – JP Narayan
  • Three Basic Problems of India. From Socialism to Sarvodaya, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi 1957
  • A Plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi 1959
  • Swaraj for the People, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi 1961
  • Sarvodaya Answer to Chinese Aggression, Sarvodaya Prachuralaya Tanjore 1963
  • Face to Face, Navchetna Prakashan, Varansi 1970
  • Prison Diary, Samajwadi Yuvjan Sabha Calcutta 1976 and Popular Prakashan, Bombay 1977.
  • Towards Struggle, edited by Yusuf Meherally, Padma Publications, Bombay 1946, 47
  • Socialism, Sarvodaya and Democracy, edited by Bimal Prasad, Asia Publishing House Bombay 1964
  • Communitarian Society and Panchayti Raj, edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi 1970
  • Nation-Building in India, edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi 1974
  • Towards Revolution, edited by Bhargava and Phadnis, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi 1975
  • J.P's Jail Life (A Collection of Personal Letters) translated by G S Bhargava, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi 1977
  • Towards Total Revolution, edited by Brahmanand Popular Prakashan Bombay 1978
  • J P:Profile of a non-conformist, Interviews by Bhola Chatterji, Minerva Associates, Calcutta, 1979
  • To All Fighters of Freedom II, A Revolutionary's Quest-selected writings of Jayprakash Narayan, edited by Bimal Prasad Oxford University Press New Delhi 1980
  • Concept of Total Revolution: An Introductory Essay(JP and social change) by Bimal Prasad

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jayaprakash Narayan.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Jayaprakash Narayan.
  • A plea for the reconstruction of Indian polity
  • Total revolution
  • On Hindu revivalism

April 16, 2023
jayaprakash, narayan, loknayak, redirects, here, 2004, indian, film, about, loknayak, film, listen, help, info, october, 1902, october, 1979, popularly, referred, nayak, hindi, people, leader, indian, independence, activist, theorist, socialist, political, lea. Loknayak redirects here For the 2004 Indian film about him see Loknayak film Jayaprakash Narayan listen help info 11 October 1902 8 October 1979 popularly referred to as JP or Lok Nayak Hindi for People s leader was an Indian independence activist theorist socialist and political leader He is remembered for leading the mid 1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi for whose overthrow he had called for a total revolution His biography Jayaprakash was written by his nationalist friend and the writer of Hindi literature Rambriksh Benipuri In 1999 he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna India s highest civilian award in recognition of his social service Other awards include the Magsaysay award for Public Service in 1965 Jayaprakash NarayanJP during his visit in Germany c 1959Born 1902 10 11 11 October 1902Sitab Diara United Provinces British India present day Ballia India Died8 October 1979 1979 10 08 aged 76 Patna Bihar IndiaOther namesJP Jay Prakash Narayan Lok NayakAlma materUniversity of Wisconsin M A sociology Ohio State University B A behavioral science University of Iowa CHE discontinued U C Berkeley chemistry discontinued 1 2 OccupationsActivisttheoristpoliticianPolitical partyIndian National CongressJanata PartyMovementQuit India Sarvodaya JP MovementSpousePrabhavati DeviRelativesBrajkishore Prasad father in law AwardsRamon Magsaysay Award 1965 Bharat Ratna 1999 posthumously Contents 1 Early life 2 Higher education in the United States 3 Politics 4 After Freedom 5 Bihar Movement and Total Revolution 6 Emergency 7 Death 8 Family 9 Awards 10 Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan 11 Artistic depictions of JP 12 References 13 Further reading and bibliography 14 External linksEarly life EditJayprakash Narayan was born on 11 October 1902 3 in the village of Sitabdiara Ballia district United Provinces British India present day Saran district Bihar India 4 Sitabdiara is a large village straddling two states and three districts Saran and Bhojpur in Bihar and Ballia in Uttar Pradesh 5 His house was near the banks of the flood prone Ghaghara river Every time the river swelled the house would get a little bit damaged eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres away to a settlement which is now known as Jay Prakash Nagar and falls in Uttar Pradesh He came from a Srivastava Kayastha family 6 He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region When Narayan was 9 years old he left his village to enroll in the seventh class of the collegiate school at Patna 7 This was his first break from village life JP stayed at a student hostel Saraswati Bhawan in which most of the boys were a bit older Among them were some of Bihar s future leaders including its first chief minister Krishna Singh his deputy Anugrah Narayan Sinha and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world 8 In October 1918 Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad s elder daughter Prabhavati Devi a freedom fighter in her own right 9 After their wedding since Narayan was working in Patna and it was difficult for his wife to stay with him on the invitation of Gandhi Prabhavati became an inmate at Sabarmati Ashram Ahmedabad 10 Jayaprakash along with some friends went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about the Non co operation movement launched by Gandhi against the passing of the Rowlatt Act of 1919 The Maulana was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education was like leaves before a storm Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being Jayaprakash took the Maulana s words to heart and left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining for his examinations Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth a college founded by Rajendra Prasad and became among the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha citation needed Higher education in the United States EditAfter exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth Jayaprakash decided to continue studies in the United States 9 At age 20 Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship Janus while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to Berkeley in January 1923 11 To pay for his education Jayaprakash picked grapes set them out to dry packed fruits at a canning factory washed dishes worked as a mechanic at a garage and at a slaughterhouse sold lotions and taught All these jobs gave Jayaprakash an insight into the difficulties of the working class 1 2 After a semester studying chemistry 12 at UC Berkeley Jayaprakash was forced to transfer to The University of Iowa when fees at Berkeley were doubled He was forced to transfer to many universities thereafter He pursued his favourite subject sociology and received much help from Professor Edward Ross In Wisconsin Jayaprakash was introduced to Karl Marx s Das Kapital News of the success of the Bolsheviks in Russian Civil War made Jayaprakash conclude that Marxism was the way to alleviate the suffering of the masses He delved into books by Indian intellectual and Communist theoretician M N Roy His paper on sociology Cultural Variation 13 was declared the best of the year 14 He obtained M A Sociology from University of Wisconsin and B A in Behavioral Science from Ohio State University 1 2 Politics Edit Narayan with Israeli Prime Minister David Ben Gurion in Tel Aviv 1958 Narayan returned from the US to India in late 1929 as a Marxist 15 He joined the Indian National Congress on the invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929 Mahatma Gandhi became his mentor in the Congress He shared a house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with his close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Singh Sinha 16 with whom he shared the most cordial and lasting friendship 16 After being jailed in 1930 for civil disobedience against British rule Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail where he met Ram Manohar Lohia Minoo Masani Achyut Patwardhan Ashok Mehta Basawon Singh Yusuf Desai C K Narayanaswami and other national leaders After his release the Congress Socialist Party or CSP a left wing group within the Congress was formed with Acharya Narendra Deva as president and Narayan as General secretary citation needed When Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942 Yogendra Shukla scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail along with Jayaprakash Narayan Suraj Narayan Singh Gulab Chand Gupta Pandit Ramnandan Mishra Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar with a goal to start an underground movement for freedom 17 Many young socialist leaders like Ram Manohar Lohia Chhotubhai Puranik Aruna Asaf Ali etc took part in underground movement As Jayaprakash Narayan was ill Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya with Jayaprakash Narayan on his shoulders 17 a distance of about 124 kilometres 18 He also served as the 19 Chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund After Freedom EditBetween 1947 and 1953 Jayaprakash Narayan was President of All India Railwaymen s Federation the largest labour union in the Indian Railways 20 Bihar Movement and Total Revolution EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message Narayan returned to prominence in State politics in the late 1960s 1974 ushered in a year of high inflation unemployment and lack of supplies and essential commodities Nav Nirman Andolan movement of Gujarat asked Jayaprakash to lead a peaceful agitation Following Jayaprakash Narayan s call for social justice and a demand for dissolution of the Bihar assembly The Bihar government used brutal force to suppress the movement and on 18 March 1974 police fired on unarmed demonstrators and eight people were killed in police firing On 8 April 1974 aged 72 he led a silent procession at Patna As Jayaprakash Narayan crossed the barricaded area followed by Satyendra Narain Sinha Shyam Nandan Mishra Digvijay Narayan Singh amp B R Chandwar the procession was lathi charged On 5 June 1974 Jayaprakash addressed a large crowd at Gandhi Maidan in Patna He declared This is a revolution friends We are not here merely to see the Vidhan Sabha dissolved That is only one milestone on our journey But we have a long way to go After 27 years of freedom people of this country are wracked by hunger rising prices corruption oppressed by every kind of injustice it is a Total Revolution we want nothing less In 1974 he led the students movement in the state of Bihar which gradually developed into a popular people s movement known as the Bihar Movement It was during this movement that JP gave a call for peaceful Total Revolution Together with V M Tarkunde he founded the Citizens for Democracy in 1974 and the People s Union for Civil Liberties in 1976 both NGOs to uphold and defend civil liberties Emergency EditIndira Gandhi was found guilty of violating electoral laws by the Allahabad High Court Narayan called for Indira and the CMs to resign and the military and police to disregard unconstitutional and immoral orders He advocated a program of social transformation which he termed Sampoorna kraanti total revolution Immediately afterwards Gandhi proclaimed a national Emergency on the midnight of 25 June 1975 Desai opposition leaders and dissenting members of her own party were arrested that day Jayaprakash Narayan attracted a gathering of 100 000 people at the Ramlila grounds and thunderously recited Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar s wonderfully evocative poetry Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai 21 Narayan was kept as detenu at Chandigarh even after he asked for one month parole to mobilise relief in flooded parts of Bihar His health suddenly deteriorated on 24 October and he was released on 12 November diagnosis at Jaslok Hospital Bombay revealed kidney failure he would be on dialysis for the rest of his life In the UK Surur Hoda launched the Free JP campaign chaired by Nobel Peace Prize winner Noel Baker for the release of Jayaprakash Narayan 22 Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency on 18 January 1977 and announced elections The Janata Party a vehicle for the broad spectrum of the opposition to Indira Gandhi was formed under JP s guidance citation needed The Janata Party was voted into power and became the first non Congress party to form a government at the centre 23 On the call of Narayan many youngsters joined the JP movement citation needed In 1977 Indian presidential election he was proposed to president by Janata Party leaders But he refused it so Janata leaders decided to Neelam Sanjeva Reddy then Speaker of the Lok Sabha as the president Death EditNarayan died in Patna Bihar 24 on 8 October 1979 three days before his 77th birthday due to effects of diabetes and heart ailments In March 1979 while he was in hospital his death had been erroneously announced by the Indian prime minister Morarji Desai causing a grief wave of national mourning including the suspension of parliament and regular radio broadcasting and the closure of schools and shops When he was told about the gaffe a few weeks later he smiled 25 Family EditAt the age of 17 Jayaprakash was married to Prabhavati Devi daughter of lawyer and nationalist Brij Kishore Prasad in October 1919 Prabhavati was very independent and on Gandhi s invitation went to stay at his ashram while Jayaprakash continued his studies 26 Prabhavati Devi died on 15 April 1973 after a long battle with cancer Awards Edit Narayan on a 2001 stamp of India Bharat Ratna 1999 Posthumous for Public Affairs It is India s highest civilian award 27 Rashtrabhushan Award of FIE Foundation Ichalkaranji 26 Ramon Magsaysay Award 1965 for Public Service Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan Edit Jayaprakash Narayan s statue near Mirza Ghalib College in Gaya Bihar India The Patna Airport On 1 August 2015 the Chhapra Delhi Chhapra Weekly Express was renamed as Loknayak Express in his honour 28 JP Setu the Digha Sonpur Bridge a rail road bridge across river Ganga in Bihar Jayaprakash Narayan Nagar JP Nagar a residential area in Bangalore Jayaprakash Nagar JP Nagar a residential area in Mysore Lok Nayak Hospital hospital in New Delhi Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology amp Forensic Science college in New Delhi JP University University in Saran District Artistic depictions of JP EditPrakash Jha directed a 112 minute film Loknayak based on the life of Jaya Prakash Narayan JP 29 30 Chetan Pandit played the role of JP in that film 31 Achyut Potdar played role of JP in ABP News show Pradhanmantri TV Series and Aaj Tak Aandolan References Edit a b c The Idea of Total Revolution Bangalore Mirror 16 October 2015 Retrieved 22 February 2021 a b c Khushwant Singh 30 March 1975 A new wave from the old India The New York Times Retrieved 22 February 2021 Ratan Das 2007 Jayaprakash Narayan His Life and Mission Sarup amp Sons p 7 ISBN 978 81 7625 734 3 Prasad Bimal 1980 A Revolutionary s Quest Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan Oxford University Press p IX ISBN 978 0 19 561204 2 A forgotten hero s forgotten legacy Archived from the original on 16 August 2017 Das Sandip 2005 Jayaprakash Narayan A Centenary Volume Mittal Publications p 109 ISBN 978 81 8324 001 7 Scarfe Allan Scarfe Wendy 1998 J P His Biography Orient Blackswan p 30 ISBN 978 81 250 1021 0 Bhattacharjea Ajit 1978 Jayaprakash Narayan A Political Biography Vikas Publishing House p 33 ISBN 9780836401158 a b Das Sandip 2007 Jayaprakash Narayan A Centenary Volume Mittal Publications p 239 ISBN 978 81 8324 001 7 Ratan Das 2007 Jayaprakash Narayan His Life and Mission Sarup amp Sons p 7 ISBN 978 81 7625 734 3 Chishti Seema 11 October 2017 Jayaprakash Narayan Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time The India Express Retrieved 11 June 2018 Register University of California 1922 1923 Register Berkeley California University of California Press 227 1923 hdl 2027 coo 31924064686276 Narayan JP Cultural variation Diss The Ohio State University 1929 Writings of Jayprakash Narayan www mkgandhi org Retrieved 21 January 2021 Das Sandip 2005 Jayaprakash Narayan A Centenary Volume Mittal Publications p 230 ISBN 978 81 8324 001 7 a b Ralhan O P 2002 Encyclopaedia of Political Parties Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd pp 17998 at pages 73 74 ISBN 978 81 7488 865 5 a b Srivastava N M P 1988 Struggle for Freedom Some Great Indian Revolutionaries K P Jayaswal Research Institute Government of Bihar Patna Distance between Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya Maps google co in Retrieved on 20 November 2018 Bihar Vibhuti s Legacy Drifting into Oblivion Patna Daily 6 January 2012 Archived from the original on 25 January 2012 Retrieved 6 January 2012 Bear Laura 2007 Lines of the Nation Indian Railway Workers Bureaucracy and the Intimate Historical Self Columbia University Press p 231 ISBN 9780231140027 Harish Khare 16 May 2001 Obligations of a lameduck The Hindu Archived from the original on 20 July 2009 Retrieved 2 January 2009 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint unfit URL link McRobie George 30 June 2003 Surur Hoda Trade unionist who spread the message of Mahatma Gandhi The Guardian London Archived from the original on 27 August 2013 Retrieved 6 January 2012 How non BJP non Congress governments in India have fared in the past thenewsminute com 16 May 2019 Retrieved 26 December 2019 Datta Ray Sunanda K Inconvenient Prophet India Today Archived from the original on 31 January 2009 Retrieved 6 January 2012 Jayaprakash Narayan s death announced mistakenly www indianexpress com 23 March 2019 Retrieved 9 December 2019 a b Vaidya Prem Jayaprakash Narayan Keeper of India s Conscience LiberalsIndia com Archived from the original on 5 February 2012 Retrieved 16 August 2012 Correspondent NDTV 24 January 2011 List of all Bharat Ratna award winners ndtv com Archived from the original on 11 March 2013 Retrieved 29 November 2012 Blog Entry 1555434 India Rail 1 August 2015 Archived from the original on 18 October 2015 Retrieved 1 August 2015 Uncensored Loknayak to be screened soon The Times of India 19 October 2004 Archived from the original on 8 February 2014 Retrieved 20 November 2018 Loknayak Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 Retrieved 25 February 2021 I am fully indebted to theatre The Hindu 31 May 2010 Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 Retrieved 25 February 2021 Further reading and bibliography EditBraja Kishore Prasad The Hero of Many Battles by Sachidanand Sinha National Book Trust India New Delhi 2018 ISBN 978 81 237 8176 1 Red Fugitive Jayaprakash Narayan by H L Singh Dewans Publications Lahore 1946 Life and Time of Jayaprakash Narayan by J S Bright Dewans Publications Lahore 1946 J P His Biography Allan and Wendy Scarfe Orient Longmans New Delhi 1975 Jayaprakash Rebel Extraordinary by Lakshmi Narayan Lal Indian Book Company New Delhi 1975 Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan by Suresh Ram Macmillan Co Delhi 1974 Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan by Farooq Argali Janata Pocket Books Delhi 1977 Bimal Prasad editor 1980 A Revolutionary s Quest Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan Oxford University Press Delhi ISBN 0 19 561204 3 Jai Prakash Narain Jayaprakash Narayan Essential Writings 1929 1979 A Centenary Volume 1902 2002 Konark Publishers 2002 ISBN 81 220 0634 5 Dr Kawaljeet J P s Total Revolution and Humanism Patna Buddhiwadi Foundation 2002 ISBN 81 86935 02 9 Dr Ramendra editor Jayaprakash Vichar Sankalan Hindi Patna Rajendra Prakashan 1986 Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri Leftism in India 1917 1947 London and New Delhi Palgrave Macmillan 2008 Radhakanta Barik Politics of the JP Movement Radiant Publications Delhi 1977 MG Devashayam JP Movement Emergency and India s Second Freedom Vitasta Publishing Pvt Ltd New Delhi 2012 ISBN 978 93 80828 61 9 Why Socialism 1936 War Circulars 1 4 CSP Lucknow Inside Lahore Fort Sahityalaya Patna 1947 Nation Building in India JP Narayan Three Basic Problems of India From Socialism to Sarvodaya Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan Varansi 1957 A Plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan Varansi 1959 Swaraj for the People Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan Varansi 1961 Sarvodaya Answer to Chinese Aggression Sarvodaya Prachuralaya Tanjore 1963 Face to Face Navchetna Prakashan Varansi 1970 Prison Diary Samajwadi Yuvjan Sabha Calcutta 1976 and Popular Prakashan Bombay 1977 Towards Struggle edited by Yusuf Meherally Padma Publications Bombay 1946 47 Socialism Sarvodaya and Democracy edited by Bimal Prasad Asia Publishing House Bombay 1964 Communitarian Society and Panchayti Raj edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi 1970 Nation Building in India edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi 1974 Towards Revolution edited by Bhargava and Phadnis Arnold Heinemann New Delhi 1975 J P s Jail Life A Collection of Personal Letters translated by G S Bhargava Arnold Heinemann New Delhi 1977 Towards Total Revolution edited by Brahmanand Popular Prakashan Bombay 1978 J P Profile of a non conformist Interviews by Bhola Chatterji Minerva Associates Calcutta 1979 To All Fighters of Freedom II A Revolutionary s Quest selected writings of Jayprakash Narayan edited by Bimal Prasad Oxford University Press New Delhi 1980 Concept of Total Revolution An Introductory Essay JP and social change by Bimal PrasadExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jayaprakash Narayan Wikiquote has quotations related to Jayaprakash Narayan A plea for the reconstruction of Indian polity Total revolution On Hindu revivalism Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jayaprakash Narayan amp oldid 1146648883, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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