N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
Diwan Bahadur Sir Narasimha Gopalaswami Ayyangar CSI CIE (31 March 1882 – 10 February 1953) was an Indian civil servant and statesman, who served as the Prime Minister of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and later a minister in the first cabinet of independent India. He was a member of the drafting committee of the Constitution of India, the leader of the Rajya Sabha, a 'minister without portfolio' looking after Kashmir Affairs, and the Minister for Railways.[1][2]
N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar | |
|---|---|
| 2nd Minister of Defence | |
| In office 13 May 1952 – 10 February 1953 | |
| President | Rajendra Prasad |
| Prime Minister | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Preceded by | Baldev Singh |
| Succeeded by | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| 1st Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha | |
| In office 13 May 1952 – 10 February 1953 | |
| President | Rajendra Prasad |
| Prime Minister | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Charu Chandra Biswas |
| Minister of Railways & Transport | |
| In office 22 September 1948 – 13 May 1952 | |
| Monarch | King George VI (1936-1950) |
| President | Rajendra Prasad |
| Prime Minister | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Succeeded by | Lal Bahadur Shastri |
| Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir | |
| In office 1937 – 9 April 1943 | |
| Monarch | Hari Singh |
| Succeeded by | Kailash Nath Haksar |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Narasimha Ayyangar Gopalaswami Ayyangar 31 March 1882 Tanjore district, Madras Presidency, British India |
| Died | 10 February 1953 (aged 70) Madras, Madras State, India (now Chennai, Tamil Nadu) |
In his Kashmir Affairs role, he represented India at the United Nations Security Council and later drafted the Article 370 of the Indian Constitution that granted autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir.
Early life and education edit
Gopalaswami Ayyangar was born on 31 March 1882 in Tanjore District Madras Presidency. He studied at the Wesley School, and at the Presidency and Law Colleges in Madras, whereafter, for a short period in 1904, he was an Assistant Professor in Pachaiyappa's College.
Career edit
In 1905, Ayyangar joined the Madras Civil Service. He served as a Deputy Collector till 1919, and was promoted Collector and District Magistrate in 1920. He was the Registrar-General of Panchayats and Inspector of Local Boards for seven years from 1921. During this time many villages panchayats were organized in the districts of Ramnad and Guntur.[3] Then for three years, he was Collector and District Magistrate in Anantapur. Following that he was Inspector of Municipal Councils and Local Boards till 1932. Mr. Ayyangar served as Secretary to Government in the Public Works Department from 1932 to 1934. Finally, he served as a member of the Board of Revenue until 1937. The second phase of his career was devoted to politics. He was Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 1937-1943 and was appointed Council of State from 1943-1947. During that time he was Chairman of the Committee for the Indianisation of Army. From 1947-1948 he served as Minister without Portfolio in the first cabinet under Jawaharlal Nehru. This was followed by his sojourn as Minister of Railways and Transport from 1948-1952, and finally, he served as Defence Minister from 1952-1953.[1]
Prime Minister of Kashmir (1937-1943) edit
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Ayyangar's political career gained prominence during his tenure as Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir (1937–43). His term ended on April 9th, 1943.[4]
Government of India edit
Constituent Assembly of India edit
In 1946, Ayyangar was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India, which convened in December 1946 with Jawaharlal Nehru as its president. Ayyangar was appointed to the seven-member Drafting Committee that formulated the Indian Constitution.[5][6]
Kashmir affairs edit
Soon after the accession of Jammu and Kashmir in October 1947, Nehru appointed Ayyangar as a cabinet minister without portfolio and asked him to look after Kashmir affairs, while Nehru himself held the overall charge for Kashmir. The move caused frictions with the home minister Vallabhbhai Patel, who should have normally been responsible for Kashmir along with all other princely states.[5]
Ayyangar led the delegation representing India in the United Nations over the Kashmir dispute in 1948.[7] In 1952, Prime Minister Nehru appointed him as India's representative in the ongoing negotiations and discussions about Kashmir at the Geneva talks.[8]
Ayyangar was the chief drafter of Article 370 which granted local autonomy to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.[5]
Minister of Railways and Transport edit
During his tenure as Minister for Railways and Transport from 1948–52, the railways experienced considerable growth and expansion in services and equipment. He was the main architect in the regrouping of the Indian Railways into six zonal systems - Central, Eastern, Northern, North-eastern, Southern, and Western.[citation needed] Under his leadership, the operation of the railways was smooth and productive. The railway budget also reported surplus earnings at this time.[9]
Reorganization of Government edit
In 1949, he presented his report on the "Reorganization of the Government Machinery" in an effort to streamline government services and maintain efficiency in the public sphere. He recommended the establishment of four standing committees, and, as a result of this report, the Defence Committee, the Economic Committee, the Parliamentary and Legal Affairs Committee, and the Administrative Organization Committee were formed by the Union government.[10]
Death edit
Ayyangar died in Madras at the age of 71 on 10 February 1953, and was survived by his wife, a son, G. Parthasarathy, who was then Assistant Editor of The Hindu, and a daughter.[1]
Honors edit
A distinguished administrator and a civil servant, Ayyangar held seven titles until 1947 including the title of Diwan Bahadur, the highest title awarded by a British viceroy. Other titles conferred on him by the British government were a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1935 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours list,[11] a Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) in the 1937 Coronation Honours list[12] and a knighthood in 1941 New Year Honours list.[13]
References edit
- ^ a b c . The Hindu. 10 February 1953. Archived from the original on 20 October 2003.
- ^ . Zee News. 26 January 2010. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012.
- ^ Srinivasan, N. "Village Governments in India". The Far Eastern Quarterly 15.2 (Feb 1956):209.
- ^ "Sir N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar". The Indian Express.
- ^ a b c Thalpiyal, Sheru, Maj. Gen., "Article 370: The Untold Story.", Indian Defence Review 26.1, 2011
- ^ N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar 31 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Constituent Assembly Debates web site, retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "Indian Defense Aide Dies."New York Times. 10 February 1953:27.
- ^ "Nehru Appoints Aide for Kashmir Parley."New York Times. 6 August 1952:3.
- ^ "Surplus is Indicated for India's Railways". New York Times. 23 February 1952:4.
- ^ Singh, Hoshiar; Singh, Pankaj (2011). Indian Administration. Pearson Education India. ISBN 9788131799253.
- ^ London Gazette, 3 June 1935
- ^ London Gazette, 11 May 1937
- ^ London Gazette, 1 January 1941
External links edit
Media related to Narasimha Gopalaswami Ayyangar at Wikimedia Commons