In Buddhism, Jāti (Sanskrit/Pāli), "birth", refers to physical birth; to rebirth, the arising of a new living entity within saṃsāra (cyclic existence); and to the arising of mental phenomena.
Within the teachings on the Four Noble Truths, jāti refers to physical birth, and is qualified as dukkha (suffering): "Now this, monks, is the noble truth of dukkha: birth (jati) is dukkha, aging is dukkha, death is dukkha."
In traditional Buddhist thought, there are four forms of birth:[1][2]
birth from a womb (Sanskrit: Jarayuja; Pali: Jalābuja; Chinese: 胎生; Standard Tibetan: Mnal-skyes)—like most mammals and some worldly devas;
birth from moisture (Sanskrit: Samsvedaja; Pali: Saṃsedaja; Chinese: 濕生; Standard Tibetan: Drod-skyes)—probably referring to the appearance of animals whose eggs are microscopic, like maggots appearing in rotting flesh;
birth by transformation (Sanskrit: Upapaduka; Pali: Opapatika; Chinese: 化生; Standard Tibetan: Rdzus-skyes)—miraculous materialization, as with the devas.
Jāti is the eleventh link within the eleventh Nidāna of paṭiccasamuppāda ("dependent arising" or "dependent origination"), where it can refer both to rebirth and to the arising of mental phenomena.[3] The Vibhanga, the second book of the Theravada Abbidhamma, treats it in both ways. In the Suttantabhajaniya it is described as rebirth, which is conditioned by becoming (bhava), and gives rise to old age and death (jarāmaraṇa) in a living being. In the Abhidhammabhajaniya it is treated as the arising of mental phenomena.[3]
Analayo (2007), "Rebirth and the Gandhabba" (PDF), Journal of Buddhist Studies 1: 91-105
Further readingedit
Single suttas
Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999). Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: Setting in Motion the Wheel of Truth (SN 56.11). Retrieved 2007-06-13 from "Access to Insight" at Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: Setting in Motion the Wheel of Truth.
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997). Paticca-samuppada-vibhanga Sutta: Analysis of Dependent Co-arising (SN 12.2). Retrieved 2007-06-20 from "Access to Insight" at .
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2000). Maha-satipatthana Sutta: The Great Frames of Reference (DN 22). Retrieved 2007-06-20 from "Access to Insight" at Maha-satipatthana Sutta: The Great Frames of Reference.
Bhikkhu, Thanissaro (1997), Tittha Sutta: Sectarians, AN 3.61, retrieved 12 November 2007
Sutta-collections
Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2000), The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya, Boston: Wisdom Publications, ISBN0-86171-331-1
Nanamoli, Bhikkhu (1995), The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya, Boston: Wisdom Publications, ISBN0-86171-072-X
Commentaries and interpretations
Ajahn Sumedho (2002), The Four Noble Truths, Amaravati Publications
Ajahn Sucitto (2010), Turning the Wheel of Truth: Commentary on the Buddha's First Teaching, Shambhala
Das, Surya (1997), Awakening the Buddha Within, Broadway Books, Kindle Edition
Epstein, Mark (2004), Thoughts Without A Thinker: Psychotherapy from a Buddhist Perspective, Basic Books, Kindle Edition
Goldstein, Joseph (2002), One Dharma: The Emerging Western Buddhism, HarperCollins
Moffitt, Phillip (2008), Dancing with Life: Buddhist Insights for Finding Meaning and Joy in the Face of Suffering, Rodale, Kindle Edition
Nhat Hanh, Thich (1999), The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching, Three River Press
Rahula, Walpola (2007), What the Buddha Taught, Grove Press, Kindle Edition
Trungpa, Chogyam (2009), The Truth of Suffering and the Path of Liberation (edited by Judy Leif), Shambhala
Tulku, Ringu (2005), Daring Steps Toward Fearlessness: The Three Vehicles of Tibetan Buddhism, Snow Lion
Scholarly
Gethin, Rupert (1998), Foundations of Buddhism, Oxford University Press
Harvey, Peter (1990), Introduction to Buddhism, Cambridge University Press
Kalupahana, David J. (1992), A history of Buddhist philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
jāti, buddhism, buddhism, jāti, sanskrit, pāli, birth, refers, physical, birth, rebirth, arising, living, entity, within, saṃsāra, cyclic, existence, arising, mental, phenomena, translations, ofjātienglishbirthsanskritज, palijātiburmeseဇ, mlcts, zàtḭ, chinese生. In Buddhism Jati Sanskrit Pali birth refers to physical birth to rebirth the arising of a new living entity within saṃsara cyclic existence and to the arising of mental phenomena Translations ofJatiEnglishbirthSanskritज त PaliJatiBurmeseဇ တ MLCTS zatḭ Chinese生 Pinyin sheng Japanese生 Rōmaji shō Khmerជ ត UNGEGN cheatĕ Shanၸ တ tsaa2 ti5 Sinhalaජ ත Tibetanskyed baTagalogkatiThaichati RTGS chat VietnamesesinhGlossary of Buddhism Contents 1 Meaning 2 References 3 Sources 4 Further readingMeaning editWithin the teachings on the Four Noble Truths jati refers to physical birth and is qualified as dukkha suffering Now this monks is the noble truth of dukkha birth jati is dukkha aging is dukkha death is dukkha In traditional Buddhist thought there are four forms of birth 1 2 birth from an egg Sanskrit Andaja Pali Aṇḍaja Chinese 卵生 Standard Tibetan Sgongskyes like a bird fish or reptile birth from a womb Sanskrit Jarayuja Pali Jalabuja Chinese 胎生 Standard Tibetan Mnal skyes like most mammals and some worldly devas birth from moisture Sanskrit Samsvedaja Pali Saṃsedaja Chinese 濕生 Standard Tibetan Drod skyes probably referring to the appearance of animals whose eggs are microscopic like maggots appearing in rotting flesh birth by transformation Sanskrit Upapaduka Pali Opapatika Chinese 化生 Standard Tibetan Rdzus skyes miraculous materialization as with the devas The 12 Nidanas Ignorance Formations Consciousness Name amp Form Six Sense Bases Contact Feeling Craving Clinging Becoming Birth Old Age amp Death Jati is the eleventh link within the eleventh Nidana of paṭiccasamuppada dependent arising or dependent origination where it can refer both to rebirth and to the arising of mental phenomena 3 The Vibhanga the second book of the Theravada Abbidhamma treats it in both ways In the Suttantabhajaniya it is described as rebirth which is conditioned by becoming bhava and gives rise to old age and death jaramaraṇa in a living being In the Abhidhammabhajaniya it is treated as the arising of mental phenomena 3 References edit 佛學問答第三輯 book bfnn org Bot Thubten Tenzin Karma and Rebirth PDF a b Analayo 2007 p 93 94 Sources editAnalayo 2007 Rebirth and the Gandhabba PDF Journal of Buddhist Studies 1 91 105Further reading editSingle suttas Piyadassi Thera trans 1999 Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta Setting in Motion the Wheel of Truth SN 56 11 Retrieved 2007 06 13 from Access to Insight at Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta Setting in Motion the Wheel of Truth Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans 1997 Paticca samuppada vibhanga Sutta Analysis of Dependent Co arising SN 12 2 Retrieved 2007 06 20 from Access to Insight at SN XII 2 Paticca samuppada vibhanga Sutta Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans 2000 Maha satipatthana Sutta The Great Frames of Reference DN 22 Retrieved 2007 06 20 from Access to Insight at Maha satipatthana Sutta The Great Frames of Reference Bhikkhu Thanissaro 1997 Tittha Sutta Sectarians AN 3 61 retrieved 12 November 2007 Sutta collections Bodhi Bhikkhu 2000 The Connected Discourses of the Buddha A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya Boston Wisdom Publications ISBN 0 86171 331 1 Nanamoli Bhikkhu 1995 The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya Boston Wisdom Publications ISBN 0 86171 072 X Commentaries and interpretations Ajahn Sumedho 2002 The Four Noble Truths Amaravati Publications Ajahn Sucitto 2010 Turning the Wheel of Truth Commentary on the Buddha s First Teaching Shambhala Das Surya 1997 Awakening the Buddha Within Broadway Books Kindle Edition Epstein Mark 2004 Thoughts Without A Thinker Psychotherapy from a Buddhist Perspective Basic Books Kindle Edition Goldstein Joseph 2002 One Dharma The Emerging Western Buddhism HarperCollins Moffitt Phillip 2008 Dancing with Life Buddhist Insights for Finding Meaning and Joy in the Face of Suffering Rodale Kindle Edition Nhat Hanh Thich 1999 The Heart of the Buddha s Teaching Three River Press Rahula Walpola 2007 What the Buddha Taught Grove Press Kindle Edition Trungpa Chogyam 2009 The Truth of Suffering and the Path of Liberation edited by Judy Leif Shambhala Tulku Ringu 2005 Daring Steps Toward Fearlessness The Three Vehicles of Tibetan Buddhism Snow Lion Scholarly Gethin Rupert 1998 Foundations of Buddhism Oxford University Press Harvey Peter 1990 Introduction to Buddhism Cambridge University Press Kalupahana David J 1992 A history of Buddhist philosophy Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited Keown Damien 2003 Dictionary of Buddhism Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 860560 9 Preceded byBhava Twelve NidanasJati Succeeded byJaramaraṇa nbsp This Buddhism related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jati Buddhism amp oldid 1180738515, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
