Interstate 45
Interstate 45 (I-45[a]) is a major Interstate Highway located entirely within the US state of Texas. While most Interstate routes which have numbers ending in "5" are cross-country north–south routes, I-45 is comparatively short, with the entire route located in Texas. Additionally, it has the shortest length of all the interstates that end in a "5." It connects the cities of Dallas and Houston, continuing southeast from Houston to Galveston over the Galveston Causeway to the Gulf of Mexico.
Interstate 45 | |
|---|---|
I-45 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by TxDOT | |
| Length | 284.913 mi[1] (458.523 km) |
| Existed | 1971–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | SH 87 in Galveston |
| North end | I-30 / I-345 in Dallas |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| Counties | Galveston, Harris, Montgomery, Walker, Madison, Leon, Freestone, Navarro, Ellis, Dallas |
| Highway system | |
I-45 replaced U.S. Highway 75 (US 75) over its entire length, although portions of US 75 remained parallel to I-45 until its elimination south of Downtown Dallas in 1987. At the south end of I-45, State Highway 87 (SH 87, formerly part of US 75) continues into downtown Galveston. The north end is at I-30 in Downtown Dallas, where US 75 used the Good-Latimer Expressway. A short continuation, known by traffic reporters as the I-45 overhead,[3] signed as part of US 75, and officially I-345, continues north to the merge with the current end of US 75. Traffic can use State Highway Spur 366 (Spur 366, better known locally as the Woodall Rodgers Freeway) to connect to I-35E at the north end of I-345.
The portion of I-45 between downtown Houston and Galveston is known to Houston residents as the Gulf Freeway. The short elevated section of I-45, which forms the southern boundary of downtown Houston, is known as the Pierce Elevated after the surface street next to which the freeway runs, while north of I-10 it is known as the North Freeway. I-45 and I-345 in the Dallas area, north of the interchanges with I-20 and SH 310 (old US 75), is the Julius Schepps Freeway. The Gulf Freeway and North Freeway both include reversible high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes for busses and other high-occupancy vehicles to and from downtown Houston.
The freeway is the subject of ongoing controversy and federal investigation due to a proposed expansion project in Harris County, which would displace hundreds of people from their homes and worsen air quality.[4] The local authorities have opposed the expansion project, while the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) supports expansion, and negotiations are pending.[5][6] The project's estimated cost is at least $9.7 billion and is expected to take at least two decades to complete.[7][8]
Route description
In addition to the official control cities of Galveston, Houston, and Dallas,[9] I-45 serves a number of other communities, including La Marque, League City, Spring, The Woodlands, Conroe, Willis, Huntsville, Madisonville, Centerville, Buffalo, Fairfield, Corsicana, and Ennis.
US 190 joins I-45 for 26 miles (42 km) from Huntsville to Madisonville. US 287 joins I-45 for 18 miles (29 km) from Corsicana to Ennis. US 287 signs are only posted (with I-45) from the northern end of Business Interstate 45-F (Bus. I-45-F) in Corsicana to the Ellis County line.
I-45 gained notoriety during Hurricane Rita in 2005. Thousands of Houston area evacuees jammed the roadway trying to leave. As a result, the freeway became a parking lot. Gas stations ran dry and hundreds of people's cars simply ran empty, their occupants having to spend the night along the shoulder. Four-hour drives suddenly became 24-hour drives. Even though TxDOT started contraflow lane reversal at Farm to Market Road 1488 (FM 1488), it did not alleviate the traffic jam deep into the city, as that starting point was even north of The Woodlands, which is close to Conroe, the northern terminus of the greater Houston area.
At just 284.913 miles (458.523 km), I-45 is the shortest of the primary Interstates (ending in 0 or 5), and the only primary Interstate to be entirely inside of one state.
Gulf Freeway
The stretch of I-45 connecting Galveston with Houston is known as the Gulf Freeway. It was the first freeway built in Texas—opened in stages beginning on October 1, 1948, up to a full completion to Galveston in 1952, as part of US 75. At the north (Houston) end, it connects to the North Freeway via the short Pierce Elevated, completed in 1967.[10] The section north of the curve near SH 3/Monroe Road in southeastern Houston was built on the right-of-way of the former Galveston–Houston Electric Railway, which entered downtown on Pierce Street.[11][12]
After several interchanges, I-45 crosses the Galveston Causeway and passes Tiki Island. Old US 75 south of this junction was upgraded on the spot.[13]
The Gulf Freeway generally parallels SH 3 (old US 75) about one mile (1.6 km) to the west, bypassing La Marque, Dickinson, and South Houston. It includes interchanges with several other freeways: FM 1764 (Emmett F. Lowry Expressway), State Highway NASA Road 1 (NASA Road 1), and the Sam Houston Tollway, meeting the north end of SH 3 in southeastern Houston. (This part of SH 3—on Winkler Drive and Monroe Road—is not part of old US 75.) A center reversible HOV lane begins just south of the Sam Houston Tollway.
In Houston, I-45 meets I-610 and SH 35 at a complicated interchange.[14] At the merge with Spur 5, a short freeway spur to the University of Houston, elevated collector–distributor roads (also part of Spur 5) begin. The collector–distributor roads and the HOV lane end at Emancipation Avenue, the original end of the Gulf Freeway. Just past Emancipation Avenue is an interchange with I-69/US 59 (Eastex Freeway and Southwest Freeway) and SH 288 (South Freeway), after which I-45 technically becomes the North Freeway as it runs along the northwest half of the block between Pierce Street and Gray Street as the Pierce Elevated.[15]
The reversible HOV lane begins in downtown Houston at the intersection of St. Joseph Parkway and Emancipation Avenue, with easy access inbound to St. Joseph Parkway and outbound from Pierce Street. It runs down the median of the Gulf Freeway, mostly at the same level as the mainlanes. Ramps are provided for access to and from the following roads:
- Eastwood Transit Center—full access
- I-610 north frontage road—full access
- Monroe Road and Monroe Park & Ride—full access
- Fuqua Park & Ride and South Point Park & Ride—full access
- Frontage roads north of Dixie Farm Road (FM 1959)—toward downtown, with a ramp stub for continuation
North Freeway
The I-45 North Freeway HOV begins in downtown Houston near the University of Houston–Downtown, with easy access inbound on Milam Street and outbound on Travis Street. Ramps and entrances are provided for access from the following roads. All are fully accessible.
- I-10/US 90 westbound exit and entrance only
- Quitman Street
- Airline Drive (to Crosstimbers Road)
- North Shepherd (to North Shepherd Park & Ride)
- FM 525 (Aldine-Bender Road)
- Kuykendahl Park & Ride
- FM 1960 (to Spring Park & Ride)
The HOV ends approximately one mile (1.6 km) north of the FM 1960 (Cypress Creek Parkway) exit and becomes a diamond white line at grade separated HOV north to just before exit 84 State Highway Loop 336 (Loop 336) on the southside of Conroe. This provides constant HOV access with one lane on the northbound side and one lane on the southbound side with periodic dotted lines for access at major exits.
Julius Schepps Freeway
The stretch of I-45 along the Julius Schepps Freeway in Dallas, from the Trinity River to Downtown Dallas up to and including I-345, is elevated above the surrounding areas for most of its length. As such, when ice storms hit the Dallas area (usually on average one to two times per year), the freeway is shut down, and traffic is diverted to SH 310 and US 175, which parallel I-45.
History
In the initial assignment of state highways in 1917, Dallas–Fort Worth and Houston were connected by a branch of SH 2 (the Meridian Highway), which ran via Waco and Bryan and continued on to Galveston. The more direct route followed by I-45 was not initially part of the system between Richland and Huntsville;[16][17] this cutoff was added by 1919 as SH 32,[18] and US 75 was assigned to the alignment in 1926.[19] Prior to the coming of the Interstate Highway System in the late 1950s, the only improvements to US 75 in Texas beyond building a two-lane paved roadway were in the Houston and Dallas areas.[20] However, the highways in and near these cities included some of the first freeways in the state: the Gulf Freeway (Houston) and the Central Expressway (Dallas).
Gulf Freeway (Houston to Galveston)
This section needs to be updated. (April 2020) |
The Galveston–Houston Electric Railway began operating an interurban between those cities on December 5, 1911, and last ran on October 31, 1936, though the Houston Electric Company, operator of Houston's city transit system, continued to run trains on the portion between downtown and Park Place. A proposal for a "superhighway" between the cities was first made in 1930, and Houston Mayor Oscar Holcombe began to work toward it later that decade. He announced an agreement with the Houston Electric Company on April 12, 1940, through which the company could convert its four remaining lines to busses in exchange for the right-of-way used by the Park Place line. This line was last used on June 9, 1940, the last day of streetcar service in Houston;[21] the replacement is still operated by METRO as the 40 along Telephone Road.
Before the new highway was built, US 75 followed Galveston Road (now mostly SH 3), Broadway Street, and Harrisburg Boulevard into downtown Houston. SH 225 carried traffic from La Porte along La Porte Road to US 75 in Harrisburg, and SH 35 connected Alvin with downtown Houston along Telephone Road and Leeland Street.[22] Plans made in October 1943, when the Texas Transportation Commission signed an agreement with Houston and Harris County, referred to the new bypass as a relocation of US 75. Drawings were released by the state on January 31, 1946, and included almost continuous frontage roads, broken only at railroad crossings.[21] Although the freeway ended at Live Oak Street, a so-called "four-street distribution system"[23] of four oneway streets, timed for 30 mph (48 km/h), carried traffic to Main Street.[24] Initially, the two southwestern streets—Pierce Street and Calhoun Avenue (now St. Joseph Parkway)—carried traffic toward the freeway, and the other two—Jefferson and Pease Streets—carried exiting traffic;[25] once the freeway was completed far enough to allow US 75 to be marked along it, Pease and Pierce streets carried that highway to Fannin Street.[26]
The first freeway dedication in the state took place at 7:00 pm on September 30, 1948, at the overpass over Calhoun Road by the University of Houston. The roadway between downtown and Telephone Road was opened to traffic after speeches, but lacked an official name, being called the "Interurban Expressway", after the rail line that it replaced, by the press. Mayor Holcombe quickly started a contest to assign a name, and the city chose the winning entry on December 17, 1948. Sara Yancy of Houston Heights won $100 (equivalent to $914.00 in 2021[27]) for her submission of "Gulf Freeway", named for the Gulf of Mexico that the highway would reach when completed. The freeway was extended to Griggs Road in February 1951, Reveille Street (onto which SH 35 was realigned) in July 1951, and was completed to the Galveston Causeway on August 2, 1952, with a ceremony on the bridge over FM 517 near Dickinson. However, beyond Reveille Street, the road was not built to freeway standards, with 32 at-grade intersections, though no traffic signals. The highway curved away from the old interurban right-of-way near Monroe Road, about where the Park Place streetcar line had ended. In December 1952, a short spur, now part of I-610, was opened to connect with SH 225.[28] A three-way split in the northwest part of Park Place, near where Gulfgate Shopping Center opened in 1956, carried nonstop traffic to and from SH 35 and SH 225.[21][29][30] This split was also the location of a lane drop; the roadway carried six lanes (three in each direction) between Houston and the interchange, and four beyond to Galveston. After the new US 75 was completed, the old road between downtown and South Houston was dropped from the state highway system, while the remainder became SH 3, connecting to the Gulf Freeway via Winkler Drive, effective August 20, 1952.[31]
The first major change was made in preparation for the North Freeway connection, when the directions of Calhoun Avenue and Jefferson Street were swapped so that they would alternate. A bridge, dated 1954, was built to carry traffic from Jefferson Street over traffic to Jefferson Street,[30] and US 75 was moved to Calhoun Avenue northbound,[32] soon crossing downtown on the oneway pair of Calhoun Avenue and Pierce Street to the new North Freeway.[33] A median barrier was added in 1956 to prevent crossover accidents. Southeast of downtown Houston, the at-grade intersections proved dangerous, and only two had been replaced with interchanges by 1959, when the Texas Highway Department began a program to upgrade the road to full freeway standards. Frontage roads would be required along the entire highway, since the state had not purchased access rights, and so abutting property owners were able to build driveways to the road. To accomplish this, traffic was shifted to the newly built frontage roads so that the central main lanes could be reconstructed. This grade separation was completed from Houston to Almeda-Genoa Road (exit 34) in June 1959, FM 1959 (exit 30) in October 1964, FM 518 (exit 23) in December 1970, and FM 1764 (exit 15) in 1976. As the section beyond FM 1764 into Galveston had already been rebuilt,[30][34] this marked the completion of the Gulf Freeway as an actual freeway.[21]
As the first freeway in Texas, the standards of the Gulf Freeway soon became inadequate, with poor sight lines and little room to merge when entering. It also attracted development, such as Gulfgate Shopping City, the first mall in the Houston area, the Manned Spacecraft Center, and many residential developments. Heavy congestion began to affect the freeway by the early 1960s; two roughly parallel freeways—the Harrisburg Freeway and Alvin Freeway—were proposed at that time to relieve the traffic but were not built. A short project to widen the road to six lanes between I-610 and Sims Bayou was completed in 1960, and ramp meters were installed in 1966. The I-610 interchange was rebuilt with direct connections for most movements in 1975. Plans to reconstruct the freeway near downtown began in 1972, taking about 170 houses and 22 businesses from the southwest side for the room to expand the main lanes and add parallel lanes for the Alvin Freeway. Local opposition was unsuccessful at stopping the project, and construction on this segment, and others to the southeast, took place in the 1980s. The lanes were shifted outward to make room for the transitway, which opened to I-610 on May 16, 1988. These lanes were inspired by the similar ones on the Shirley Highway in the Washington Metropolitan Area.[35] That year also marked the end of the reconstruction inside I-610, along with the elevated distribution lanes alongside the mainlanes near downtown; the first short piece of the Alvin Freeway was finally connected to these in 1999. This project gave I-45 its current configuration, mostly eight mainlanes wide, from Sims Bayou past I-610 to Griggs Road in 1981, to Telephone Road in 1982, to Lockwood Drive in 1985, and, finally, to downtown in 1988.[21]
However, this was not the end of construction on the Gulf Freeway. The highway beyond I-610 to FM 1959, which had just been upgraded in the 1950s and 1960s, saw an extension of the transitway to a temporary end near FM 1959, widening to eight lanes, and a large stack interchange at the Sam Houston Tollway. This reconstruction was completed between Almeda-Genoa Road and College Avenue in 1991, between College Avenue and Sims Bayou in 1994, and, finally in 1997, there was no construction anywhere on the entire length of the freeway when the tollway interchange was opened, along with the widening between Almeda-Genoa Road and FM 1959. A 1999 study recommended widening the entire stretch from the Sam Houston Tollway to Galveston to at least eight lanes. Construction to replace the Galveston Causeway began in mid-2003,[21] and work on a section through Webster, including a new interchange with NASA Road 1, began in mid-2007.[36]
Widening of the freeway between Kurland Drive at Bay Area Boulevard began in July 2011. This construction will expand the number of freeway lanes from six to ten and increase the number of frontage lanes from four to six. The HOV lane will be extended to the southern end of the construction. It will also involve rebuilding the overpasses at Dixie Farm Road and Clear Lake City Boulevard. (Dixie Farm Road bridge demolition has already been completed) [37] According to TxDOT, the project is approximately 15 miles (24 km) in length, starting at Kurland and ending approximately one mile (1.6 km) south of Bay Area Boulevard.
The project has six phases. Phase one is the reconstruction of the mainlanes from the northern end of the project to just south of FM 1959. The end of this phase will include the demolition and reconstruction of the bridge at the FM 1959 intersection. Phase two, planned to begin in mid-2012, will be the reconstruction of the frontage roads from just south of FM 1959 to the southern end of the project. Phase three will be the reconstruction of the mainlanes on the southern half of the project and is planned to begin in mid-2013. Phase four, scheduled to start late 2014, will be the demolition and reconstruction of the overpass at Clear Lake City Boulevard. Phase five, (which was completed) was the demolition and reconstruction of El Dorado Boulevard and Bay Area Boulevard. The demolition and reconstruction was finished in 2016. As a result, the 1960s-era cloverleaf interchanges (with the exception of Fuqua Street and Scarsdale Boulevard) have been eliminated with overpasses. Phase six will be making the new lanes of the freeway. It will have five lanes each direction along with the new overpasses for those two underpasses. This will be completed 2017.
In 2015, reconstruction and widening of I-45 began in Downtown Houston due to heavy traffic. The southbound onramp from Allen Parkway will be moved to enter on the right side, and longrange plans call for the demolition of the outdated Pierce Elevated, with the reroute of I-45 being along I-69/US 59 and I-10/US 90 to the North Freeway; The parts of the Gulf Freeway at I-10 and I-45 will be known as the Downtown Connector. If I-45 was rerouted and the Pierce Elevated demolished (and/or redeveloped into the proposed Pierce SkyPark as part of additional greenspace), the connecting ramps south of Allen Parkway would become a second downtown spur, which will result in the demise of a full freeway loop around Downtown Houston. As of 2018[update], there are no plans to place the Pierce Elevated in a tunnel similar to Spur 366 in Dallas since the Houston Metro area is prone to flooding, especially in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey.
North Freeway (Houston to Conroe)
The last alignment of US 75 before the North Freeway was built left downtown Houston to the northwest on Main Street, turning north at Airline Drive, and then northwest along the present alignment of I-45, then known as Stuebner Airline Road, Shepherd Drive, and East Montgomery Road.[32] The freeway replacement was authorized in stages between May 1945 and June 1952, when the Texas Transportation Commission adopted plans for a freeway all the way between Houston and Dallas. The North Freeway name was adopted in 1956; an unsuccessful proposal in 1965 would have renamed it the Dallas Freeway.[38] The first short piece of the freeway to open crossed Buffalo Bayou, connecting the two oneway pairs from the north end of the Gulf Freeway with the south end of Houston Avenue. This was opened on December 12, 1955, and allowed US 75 to bypass its run on Main Street;[33] it included interchanges with Allen Parkway and Memorial Drive. The next piece near downtown opened on July 24, 1962, leaving the 1955 freeway in the Allen Parkway interchange, passing east of Houston Avenue, and connected to an already-built portion at I-610. The six-lane Pierce Elevated, which occupies half a block on the southwest side of Pierce Street, required the acquisition of a number of commercial properties; the cost prevented the full block from being used. This portion opened on August 18, 1967, connecting the Gulf and North Freeways and bypassing the "four-street distribution system", which remains in its original form to this day.[21][39]
The first piece of the North Freeway to be built outside I-610 was an upgrade of existing US 75 on Stuebner Airline Road, between Airline Drive and Shepherd Drive, opened in December 1959. In April 1961, this was completed to the interchange with I-610, and, on July 24, 1962, the downtown section was extended north to meet it. As each section opened, US 75 was moved to it, temporarily using I-610 to Airline Drive for about a year.[40] At the other end, US 75 was upgraded from Spring Creek at the north edge of Spring north to the San Jacinto River south of Conroe in 1960.[41] In between, the upgrade was completed from FM 525 to near Richey Road in December 1961, south to the 1959 segment in February 1963, and north to the 1960 segment in March 1963, completing the North Freeway except for the Pierce Elevated (1967). The freeway as initially built had eight lanes (four in each direction) between downtown and I-610, six to FM 1960, and four north of FM 1960.[21]
Like the Gulf Freeway, the North Freeway soon became congested. The oil boom of the 1970s resulted in large-scale residential development along the highway, most notably The Woodlands. Since the corridor was strongly directional, with 65 percent of peak-hour traffic going in the peak direction, a 9.6-mile (15.4 km) contraflow lane for busses and other high-occupancy vehicles was implemented later that decade, opening on August 28, 1979, between downtown and Shepherd Drive (exit 56B). The facility, operating during both rush hour periods, occupied the leftmost lane of the other direction and was separated from the other lanes with a movable pylon every 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the existing center breakdown lanes were restriped for HOV traffic for about two miles (3.2 km) from the north end of the contraflow lane. However, off-peak traffic was increasing, and construction began in 1983 on a more permanent reversible transitway in the median. Thus, the second transitway in Houston (a month after the one on the Katy Freeway), opened on November 23, 1984, replacing the contraflow lane.[21][35]
Reconstruction of the mainlanes and frontage roads to handle increased traffic began in 1982 just north of downtown. No lanes were added south of I-610, but the eight-lane crosssection, with room for a transitway, was continued north as construction progressed. Work was completed south of Airline Drive (exit 53) in about 1985, to Shepherd Drive (exit 56B) in 1987, and to FM 525 (exit 60A) in 1990; this last opening allowed the transitway to extend to just south of FM 525. The Hardy Toll Road, completed on June 28, 1988, between I-610 and I-45 near The Woodlands, added capacity to that part of the corridor, and, in 1990, reconstruction was completed on a short piece of I-45 from the toll road into The Woodlands. Reconstruction continued from FM 525, reaching Airtex Boulevard (exit 63) in 1997, including part of the Sam Houston Tollway interchange (completed in 2003) and a transitway extension, Cypresswood Drive (exit 68) in 1998, extending the transit way to its present terminus, and the Hardy Toll Road (exit 72) in 2003. Work on the section through The Woodlands to Research Forest Drive (exit 77) was completed in 2001, including a direct connection to Woodlands Parkway, and, in 2003, work was completed to FM 1488 (exit 81).[21] Construction is now complete between FM 1488 to the Walker County line near milepost 100 just south of the northbound truck weigh station and New Waverly, near SH 75 (exit 98).[42]
As of 2015[update], widening of the North Freeway from Downtown Houston to Sam Houston Tollway began; The plan for the project is to widen the freeway by adding managed lanes and adding the North Shepherd on- and offramps also known as Spur 261 (which was already completed) prior to the I-45 widening project. This project has generated major controversy, with proponents claiming it would "enhance safety and mobility", while opponents point out that it would worsen air quality and greenhouse gas emissions, displace hundreds of people, and fail to meaningfully address congestion.[5]
Authorities in Harris County, Texas, have sued TxDOT to stop the expansion, and the federal government has investigated the expansion project to determine whether it violates any civil rights or environmental laws.[4] Among others, the expansion is opposed by US Representative Sheila Jackson Lee and Harris County Judge Lina Hidalgo.[43][44] If completed, the highway's width will double to 480 feet, wider than a football field. The highway expansion would displace around a thousand residents, including 919 units in 16 apartment complexes, 160 single-family homes, five places of worship, and two schools.[6] An apartment complex has been acquired and vacated by TxDOT, which plans to demolish it for the expansion. TxDOT was heavily criticized for this planned demolition, as the apartment complex slated for demolition has been described as an example of good urban planning. [45]
Parts of the freeway are paralleled by the METRORail Red Line.[46]
Between Conroe and Richland
The first part of I-45 between Conroe and Richland was the bypass around Huntsville.[41]
The final piece of I-45 between the cities opened on October 13, 1971, for 12 miles (19 km) between Fairfield and Streetman.[47]
Richland to Dallas (Julius Schepps Freeway)
The Central Expressway was the first freeway in Dallas, built as a new alignment of US 75. It first opened between San Jacinto Street and Fitzhugh Avenue in 1949 and soon stretched south to Hutchins. However, the stretch through downtown ran along the surface, as did the part south of the bridge over the Trinity River, due to diversion of funds to the north portion.[48] By the late 1950s, a bypass to the east of the downtown section was planned.[49] By the time construction reached Hutchins, in about 1955, the state decided to build further segments to full freeway standards. By 1961, the freeway was complete between Hutchins and the SH 14 split at Richland, except for the bypass around Corsicana, which was built c. 1964.[30][41] This freeway was mostly built along the existing US 75; one of the projects in Navarro County, near Corsicana, was the first Interstate project in Texas approved under the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956.[47]
It was not until 1964 that I-345, extending I-45 north along the proposed Central Expressway bypass, was added as a proposed state highway.[50] I-45 and I-345 were built and opened in the 1970s, with the final section, between Lamar Street (exit 283A) and the Central Expressway (exit 283B),[30] opening on February 25, 1976.[51] At the north end, before it merged into the Central Expressway (which continued to carry US 75), I-345 straddled the bridges over Bryan Street and Ross Avenue, the latter the location of the opening ceremonies in 1949.[52] Because of their location, these two bridges were not replaced in the 1990s reconstruction of the North Central Expressway and are the only surviving grade separations from the initial construction north from downtown.[30]
At the time the interchange with I-20 was built, the freeway that crossed I-45 was then a part of I-635; it would not be until later when, initially, I-20 was added to I-635 as a multiplex, then later still, I-635 would be truncated away from the I-45 interchange (back around to just north of what is now I-20's interchange with US 175).[53][54]
Reconstruction and widening to six lanes, from the Ellis–Navarro county line (between exits 243 and 244) north to SH 310 (exit 275), began in 1991.[55] The last section, near the north end, was completed in 2002.[citation needed]
Exit list
| County | Location | mi | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galveston | Galveston | 0.00 | 0.00 | SH 87 north (Broadway Avenue J) – Downtown, East Beach | Southern terminus of I-45 and SH 87; roadway continues as SH 87 northbound | |
| 1A | Spur 342 (61st Street) / 71st Street – Scholes International Airport, West Beach | |||||
| 1.0 | 1.6 | 1B | 71st Street | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; northbound access via exit 1A | ||
| 1.1 | 1.8 | 1C | FM 188 (Teichman Road) / SH 275 (Harborside Drive) | |||
| Galveston Bay | Galveston Causeway | |||||
| | 4.2 | 6.8 | 4 | Village of Tiki Island | ||
| | 5.2 | 8.4 | 5 | Frontage Road | ||
| La Marque | 6.2 | 10.0 | 6 | Frontage Road | Southbound exit and entrance only | |
| 6.7 | 10.8 | 7A | SH 3 north / SH 146 north – Texas City, La Marque | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 7.0 | 11.3 | 7B | SH 6 west – Bayou Vista, Hitchcock | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 7.3 | 11.7 | 7C | Frontage Road | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 8.2 | 13.2 | 7 | SH 6 / SH 146 – Texas City | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| 9.0 | 14.5 | 8 | Frontage Road | Southbound entrance only; northbound exit is via exit 10 | ||
| 9.7 | 15.6 | 9 | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |||
| 10.1 | 16.3 | 10 | FM 519 (Main Street) | |||
| 11.1 | 17.9 | 11 | Vauthier Road | |||
| Texas City | 12.2 | 19.6 | 12 | FM 1765 (Texas Avenue) – La Marque, Texas City | ||
| 13.2 | 21.2 | 13 | Century Boulevard, Delany Road | |||
| 14.7 | 23.7 | 15 | FM 1764 / FM 2004 (Mall of the Mainland Parkway) – Hitchcock | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 15.7 | 25.3 | 16 | FM 1764 east (Emmett F. Lowry Expressway) – Texas City | Northbound entrance and southbound exit; access to Mainland Medical Center | ||
| 17.0 | 27.4 | 17 | Holland Road, Hughes Road | |||
| Dickinson | 18.9 | 30.4 | 19 | FM 517 / Hughes Road – Dickinson, Alvin | ||
| League City | 20.0 | 32.2 | 20 | FM 646 (16th Street) – Santa Fe | Interchange is planned to become the SH 99 (Grand Parkway) interchange | |
| 22.0 | 35.4 | 22 | SH 96 / League City Parkway | No northbound entrance (closed until June 2023) | ||
| 22.7 | 36.5 | 23 | FM 518 (West Main Street) – League City | No northbound exit (closed untl June 2023); northbound exit is via exit 22 | ||
| Harris | Webster | I-45 Express Lane | Southern end of Express Lane; southbound entrance only | |||
| 25.0 | 40.2 | 24 | NASA 1 – NASA | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; access to Houston Methodist St. John Hospital | ||
| 24.3 | 39.1 | 25 | FM 528 (NASA Parkway) / NASA 1 – Alvin, NASA | Northbound exit for NASA Road 1 via frontage road, access to Houston Methodist St. John Hospital | ||
| 25.7 | 41.4 | 26 | Bay Area Boulevard – University of Houston–Clear Lake | Access to Clear Lake Regional Medical Center | ||
| — | I-45 Express Lane north | Northbound exit only | ||||
| 26.8 | 43.1 | 27 | El Dorado Boulevard | |||
| Houston | 28.0 | 45.1 | 29 | FM 2351 (Clear Lake City Boulevard) – Friendswood | ||
| 29.4 | 47.3 | — | FM 1959 (Dixie Farm Road) | Southbound right exit and northbound right entrance for reversible Express Lane only | ||
| 30 | FM 1959 (Dixie Farm Road) – Ellington Field | |||||
| 30.9 | 49.7 | 31 | Beltway 8 (Frontage Road) / FM 2553 (Scarsdale Boulevard) | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| — | Southpoint Park & Ride | Southbound exit and northbound right entrance for reversible Express Lane only | ||||
| — | Fuqua Park & Ride | Southbound right exit and northbound entrance for reversible Express Lane only | ||||
| 32.0 | 51.5 | 32 | Sam Houston Tollway | |||
| 32.7 | 52.6 | 33 | Beltway 8 (Frontage Road) / Fuqua Street | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| 33.6 | 54.1 | 34 | Almeda–Genoa Road / South Shaver Road | |||
| 34.8 | 56.0 | 35 | Clearwood Drive, Edgebrook Drive | |||
| 35.9 | 57.8 | 36 | Airport Boulevard, College Avenue | |||
| — | Hobby Airport | Access from reversible Express Lane only | ||||
| — | Monroe Park & Ride | |||||
| 37.0 | 59.5 | 38 | SH 3 (Monroe Road) / Winkler Drive / Bellfort Avenue / Howard Drive | |||
| 38.7 | 62.3 | 38B | Howard Drive, Bellfort Avenue | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| 38.9 | 62.6 | 39 | Park Place Boulevard, Broadway Boulevard | |||
| 40.1 | 64.5 | 40A | Frontage Road | Northbound exit only | ||
| 40.3 | 64.9 | 40B | I-610 west (South Loop Freeway west) / SH 35 south (Reveille Street) – Pearland, Alvin I-610 east (South Loop Freeway east) to SH 225 – Pasadena | I-610 exit 32; I-610 west/SH 35 not signed northbound | ||
| 40.4 | 65.0 | 40C | I-610 west (South Loop Freeway) | Left exit northbound; southbound access via exit 40B; I-610 exit 32A | ||
| — | I-610 | Access via frontage roads from Reversible Express Lane only | ||||
| 40.6 | 65.3 | 41A | Woodridge Drive | |||
| 41.7 | 67.1 | 41B | Griggs Road, Broad Street | |||
| 42.6 | 68.6 | 42 | US 90 Alt. (South Wayside Drive) | Northbound access via exit 41B | ||
| 42.7 | 68.7 | 43A | Telephone Road | |||
| 43.1 | 69.4 | 43B | Tellepsen Street | |||
| 43.8 | 70.5 | 44A | Elgin-Lockwood, Cullen Boulevard – University of Houston | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| — | Eastwood Transit Center, Emancipation Avenue | Northern end of reversible Express Lane; northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||||
| 44.3 | 71.3 | 44B | Spur 5 south – University of Houston | Southbound exit only | ||
| 44.6 | 71.8 | 44C | Cullen Boulevard, Lockwood-Elgin – University of Houston | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| 44.0 | 70.8 | 45 | SH 288 south – Lake Jackson, Freeport, Houston Zoo I-69 / US 59 – Cleveland, Victoria | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; I-69 exit 129A northbound, 129B southbound | ||
| 45A | Scott Street | Northbound access via exit 45 | ||||
| 46 | Saint Joseph Parkway, Pease Street, Emancipation Avenue – Downtown Destinations | Northbound exit only; Saint Joseph Parkway and Emancipation Avenue were formerly Calhoun Avenue and Dowling Street, respectively | ||||
| 45.8 | 73.7 | 46A | I-69 north / US 59 north – Cleveland | Southbound left exit and northbound entrance; I-69 exit 129B southbound. | ||
| 45.9 | 73.9 | 46B | SH 288 south – Lake Jackson, Freeport, Houston Zoo I-69 south / US 59 south – Victoria | Southbound exit and northbound left entrance; I-69 exit 129A northbound | ||
| 47.5 | 76.4 | 47B | Houston Avenue / Memorial Drive – Amtrak Station | Northbound exit only | ||
| 47A | Allen Parkway | Left exits | ||||
| 47.8 | 76.9 | 47C | McKinney Street | Southbound left exit and northbound entrance | ||
| 47.9 | 77.1 | 47D | Dallas Street / Pierce Street | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| — | Smith Street / Milam Street | Southern end of reversible Express Lane; southbound exit and northbound entrance; mainline I-45 access to Milan St. via exit 48A southbound | ||||
| 48.3 | 77.7 | 48A | I-10 east (US 90 east) – Beaumont | Left exit southbound; I-10 exit 768 | ||
| — | I-10 west (US 90 west) / Quitman Street | Southbound exit and northbound right entrance for reversible Express Lane only; I-10 exit 768A | ||||
| 48.6 | 78.2 | 48B | I-10 west (US 90 west) – San Antonio | Left exit northbound; I-10 exits 768 | ||
| 49.2 | 79.2 | 49A | Quitman Street | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| 49.7 | 80.0 | 49B | North Main Street, Houston Avenue | |||
| 50.2 | 80.8 | 50A | Patton Street | Southbound exit is via exit 50 | ||
| 50.8 | 81.8 | 50B | Cavalcade Street, Link Road, Patton Street | Signed as exit 50 southbound; Link Road not signed southbound; Patton Street not signed northbound | ||
| 51.4 | 82.7 | 51 | I-610 (North Loop Freeway) to Hardy Toll Road | I-610 exits 17B-C; access to Hardy Toll Road via I-610 east | ||
| — | Airline Drive to I-610 | Access from Reversible Express Lane only | ||||
| 52.5 | 84.5 | 52A | Frontage Road | Southbound exit only | ||
| 52.3 | 84.2 | 52B | Crosstimbers Road | |||
| 52.8 | 85.0 | 53 | Airline Drive | |||
| 53.2 | 85.6 | 54 | Tidwell Road | |||
| 54.2 | 87.2 | 55A | Parker Road, Yale Street | |||
| 55.4 | 89.2 | 55B | Little York Road | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 56.5 | 90.9 | 56A | Spur 261 (Shepherd Drive) | No northbound exit | ||
| 56.6 | 91.1 | 56B | Veterans Memorial Drive / Little York Road | Southbound exit and entrance only | ||
| 57.4 | 92.4 | 57A | Gulf Bank Road | Signed as exit 57B southbound; northbound exit was formerly signed exit 56A for Canino Road | ||
| — | North Shepherd Drive (Spur 261) | Northbound right exit and southbound entrance for Reversible Express Lane only | ||||
| 57.5 | 92.5 | 57B | SH 249 (West Mount Houston Road) – Tomball | Former FM 149 | ||
| 58.3 | 93.8 | 59 | West Road | |||
| — | To Sam Houston Tollway / Beltway 8 – George Bush Intercontinental Airport | Northbound right exit and southbound right entrance for Reversible Express Lane only; access via frontage roads | ||||
| 59.3 | 95.4 | 60A | FM 525 (Aldine Bender Road) / Fallbrook Road / Beltway 8 (Frontage Road) | Beltway 8/Frontage Road not signed northbound | ||
| 60.2 | 96.9 | 60B | Beltway 8 (Frontage Road) | Southbound access via exit 60A | ||
| 60.4– 60.5 | 97.2– 97.4 | 60C-D | Beltway 8 east (Sam Houston Parkway) / Sam Houston Tollway west – George Bush Intercontinental Airport | Signed as exits 60C (Sam Houston Tollway) and 60D (Beltway 8) northbound; signed as exit 60B southbound | ||
| 60.8 | 97.8 | 61 | Greens Road | |||
| 61.7 | 99.3 | 62 | Rankin Road, Kuykendahl Road | |||
| — | Kuykendahl Park & Ride | Access from reversible Express Lane only | ||||
| 62.9 | 101.2 | 63 | Airtex Drive | |||
| 64.6 | 104.0 | 64 | Richey Road | |||
| 65.7 | 105.7 | 66A | FM 1960 – Addicks, Humble | Signed as exit 66 southbound; access to Houston Northwest Medical Center | ||
| — | FM 1960 | Northbound right exit and southbound right entrance for reversible Express Lane only | ||||
| 66.8 | 107.5 | 66B | Hollow Tree Street, Parramatta Lane | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| — | I-45 Express Lane south | Northern end of Reversible Express Lane | ||||
| 68.3 | 109.9 | 68 | Cypresswood Drive, Holzwarth Road, Louetta Road | Louetta Road not signed northbound | ||
| Houston–Spring line | 69.0 | 111.0 | 70A | FM 2920 – Tomball | ||
| Spring | 70.4– 71.5 | 113.3– 115.1 | 70B | SH 99 Toll (Grand Parkway) / Spring Stuebner Road west | Signed as exit 71A southbound; Spring Stuebner Road signed northbound only | |
| 71.7– 72.5 | 115.4– 116.7 | 72 | To Hardy Toll Road south / Springwoods Village Parkway | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; southbound access to Springwoods Village Parkway (formerly Spring Crossing Drive) via exit 72A | ||
| Harris–Montgomery county line | 72B | Hardy Toll Road south | Drivers using this exit must pay toll; southbound exit and northbound entrance | |||
| Montgomery | Rayford | 72A | To SH 99 Toll east (Grand Parkway) | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| 73.3 | 118.0 | 73 | Rayford Road, Sawdust Road | |||
| The Woodlands | 74.3– 75.6 | 119.6– 121.7 | 76 | Robinson Road, Woodlands Parkway | Signed as exits 76A (Robinson Road) and 76B (Woodlands Parkway) northbound | |
| 76.2 | 122.6 | 77 | Lake Woodlands Drive, Research Forest Drive, Tamina Road | Access to Memorial Hermann The Woodlands Hospital; Lake Woodlands Drive not signed southbound (access via exit 76 from I-45 southbound) | ||
| 77.9– 79.1 | 125.4– 127.3 | 79 | SH 242 (College Park Drive) / Needham Road | Signed as exits 79A (east) and 79B (west, a former toll ramp) northbound; access to St. Luke's Health - The Woodlands Hospital and Houston Methodist The Woodlands Hospital | ||
| Conroe | 81.0 | 130.4 | 81 | FM 1488 – Magnolia, Hempstead | ||
| 81.9 | 131.8 | 82 | River Plantation Drive | Northbound exit only, southbound exit is via exit 83 | ||
| 83.2 | 133.9 | 83 | Crighton Road, Camp Strake Road | Camp Strake Road not signed southbound | ||
| 83.9 | 135.0 | 84 | SH 75 north (Frazier Street) / Loop 336 | Signed as exit 84B northbound, access to Conroe Regional Medical Center | ||
| 84.9 | 136.6 | 85 | Gladstell Street | Access to Conroe Regional Medical Center | ||
| 85.9 | 138.2 | 87A | SH 105 / FM 2854 – Conroe, Lake Conroe | Signed as exit 87 southbound, access to Conroe Regional Medical Center, downtown Conroe | ||
| 87.2 | 140.3 | 87B | Wilson Road | Northbound exit only; southbound access via exit 88 | ||
| 88.0 | 141.6 | 88 | Loop 336 – Navasota, Cleveland | |||
| 88.9 | 143.1 | 89 | FM 3083 (Teas Nursery Road) | |||
| 90.1 | 145.0 | 90 | League Line Road | |||
| | 92.1 | 148.2 | 92 | FM 830 (Seven Coves Drive) | ||
| Willis | 94.4 | 151.9 | 94 | FM 1097 (W. Montgomery Street) – Willis, Lake Conroe | ||
| 95.1 | 153.0 | 95 | Longstreet Road | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| | 96.7 | 155.6 | 97 | Calvary Road | ||
| | 98.0 | 157.7 | 98 | SH 75 / Shepard Hill Road / Old Danville Road | SH 75 not signed southbound | |
| Walker | New Waverly | 102.4 | 164.8 | 102 | SH 150 / FM 1374 / FM 1375 – New Waverly | Southbound exit ramp closed; formerly signed as exit 103 southbound |
| | 109.9 | 176.9 | 109 | PR 40 – Huntsville State Park | ||
| Huntsville | 112.3 | 180.7 | 112 | SH 75 – Sam Houston State University | ||
| 112.7 | 181.4 | 113 | SH 19 – Riverside, Crockett, Lake Livingston | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 113.5 | 182.7 | 114 | FM 1374 (Montgomery Road) – Sam Houston State University | Access to Huntsville Memorial Hospital | ||
| 115.1 | 185.2 | 115 | Avenue S | |||
| 116.0 | 186.7 | 116 | US 190 east (11th Street) / SH 30 – Huntsville, College Station, Livingston, Lake Livingston | Southern end of US 190 overlap | ||
| 117.0 | 188.3 | 117 | Frontage Road | No southbound exit | ||
| | 118.0 | 189.9 | 118 | Future I-14 east / SH 75 / FM 1791 – Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Huntsville Regional Airport | Southern end of possible I-14 overlap[56] | |
| | 122.9 | 197.8 | 123 | FM 1696 | ||
| | 132.3 | 212.9 | 132 | FM 2989 | ||
| Madison | | 136.8 | 220.2 | 136 | Spur 67 | |
| Madisonville | 141.8 | 228.2 | 142 | Future I-14 west (E Main Street) / US 190 west / SH 21 west – Bryan, Crockett | Northern end of US 190 (and possible I-14) overlap[56] | |
| | 146.1 | 235.1 | 146 | SH 75 – Madisonville | ||
| | 152.2 | 244.9 | 152 | SH OSR (Old San Antonio Road) – Normangee | ||
| Leon | | 156.2 | 251.4 | 156 | FM 977 – Leona | |
| Centerville | 163.9 | 263.8 | 164 | SH 7 (St Marys Street) – Centerville | ||
| Buffalo | 178.5 | 287.3 | 178 | US 79 – Buffalo, Palestine, Jacksonville | ||
| | 179.9 | 289.5 | 180 | SH 164 – Groesbeck | ||
| Freestone | | 189.7 | 305.3 | 189 | SH 179 – Teague | |
| Fairfield | 198.0 | 318.7 | 197 | US 84 – Fairfield, Teague | ||
| 198.8 | 319.9 | 198 | FM 27 – Fairfield, Wortham | Access to East Texas Medical Center-Fairfield | ||
| | 206.2 | 331.8 | 206 | FM 833 | ||
| | 211.4 | 340.2 | 211 | FM 80 – Streetman, Kirvin | ||
| Navarro | | 213.4 | 343.4 | 213 | SH 75 / FM 246 – Streetman, Wortham | |
| | 218.7 | 352.0 | 218 | FM 1394 – Richland | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | |
| | 219.8 | 353.7 | 219A | SH 14 – Richland, Mexia | No northbound exit | |
| | 219.9 | 353.9 | 219B | Frontage Road | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |
| | 220.2 | 354.4 | 220 | Frontage Road | ||
| Angus | 221.3 | 356.1 | 221 | |||
| 224.8 | 361.8 | 225 | FM 739 – Angus, Mustang | |||
| Corsicana | 227 | SH 31 – Athens, Waco | ||||
| 228.5 | 367.7 | 228A | 15th Street | Southbound exit is via exit 228B | ||
| 229.0 | 368.5 | 228B | I-45 BL north / Frontage Road – Corsicana | Left exit northbound | ||
| 229.2 | 368.9 | 229 | US 287 south – Palestine | Southern end of US 287 overlap | ||
| 231.3 | 372.2 | 231 | Bus. SH 31 – Waco, Athens | Access to Navarro Regional Hospital | ||
| 232.7 | 374.5 | 232 | Roane Road, E. 5th Avenue | |||
| | 235.2 | 378.5 | 235A | Frontage Road | Signed as exit 235 northbound | |
| | 235.7 | 379.3 | 235B | I-45 BL south – Corsicana | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |
| Rice | 237.3 | 381.9 | 237 | Frontage Road | ||
| 238.7 | 384.2 | 238 | FM 1603 | |||
| 240.1 | 386.4 | 239 | FM 1126 | |||
| 242.2 | 389.8 | 242 | Calhoun Street – Rice | |||
| 243.1 | 391.2 | 243 | Frontage Road | |||
| Ellis | | 244.1 | 392.8 | 244 | FM 1182 | |
| Alma | 246.2 | 396.2 | 246 | FM 1183 – Alma | ||
| | 257.6 | 414.6 | 247 | US 287 north – Waxahachie, Fort Worth | Northern end of US 287 overlap | |
| Ennis | 249.2 | 401.0 | 249 | I-45 BL north / FM 85 – Ennis | ||
| 251.0 | 403.9 | 251A | FM 1181 (Creechville Road) | |||
| 251.7 | 405.1 | 251B | SH 34 (E. Ennis Avenue) – Kaufman, Italy | |||
| 253.3 | 407.6 | 253 | I-45 BL south – Ennis | |||
| | 255.0 | 410.4 | 255 | FM 879 – Garrett | ||
| Palmer | 258.1 | 415.4 | 258 | I-45 BL north / Parker Hill Road – Palmer | ||
| 258.6 | 416.2 | 259 | FM 813 (Jefferson Street) | |||
| 259.6 | 417.8 | 260 | I-45 BL south / Frontage Road – Palmer | |||
| | 262.3 | 422.1 | 262 | Frontage Road | ||
| | 263.0 | 423.3 | 263A | Loop 561 – Trumbull | ||
| | 263.7 | 424.4 | 263B | Frontage Road | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | |
| | 266.1 | 428.2 | 264 | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| | 264.8 | 426.2 | 265 | I-45 BL north | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | |
| Ferris | 265.4 | 427.1 | 266 | FM 660 (5th Street) | ||
| 266.8 | 429.4 | 267 | Frontage Road | |||
| Dallas | | 268.3 | 431.8 | 268 | I-45 BL south / Malloy Bridge Road | |
| | 269.4 | 433.6 | 269 | Mars Road | ||
| Wilmer | 270.4 | 435.2 | 270 | Belt Line Road | ||
| 271.7 | 437.3 | 271 | Pleasant Run Road | |||
| Hutchins | 272.7 | 438.9 | 272 | Fulghum Road | ||
| 273.5 | 440.2 | 273 | Wintergreen Road | |||
| 274.7 | 442.1 | 274 | Dowdy Ferry Road, Palestine Street | |||
| Dallas | 275.9 | 444.0 | 275 | SH 310 north (South Central Expressway) | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | |
| 276.1– 276.3 | 444.3– 444.7 | 276 | I-20 (Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway) – Fort Worth, Shreveport | Signed as exits 276A (west) and 276B (east); I-20 exits 473B-C | ||
| 278.0 | 447.4 | 277 | Simpson Stuart Road | |||
| 279.3– 279.5 | 449.5– 449.8 | 279 | Loop 12 | Signed as exits 279A (east) and 279B (west) northbound | ||
| 280.1 | 450.8 | 280 | Illinois Avenue, Linfield Street | |||
| 281.4 | 452.9 | 281 | Overton Road | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| 282.1 | 454.0 | 282 | US 175 east (C.F. Hawn Freeway) – Kaufman | Southbound exit and northbound entrance[57] | ||
| 283.1– 283.3 | 455.6– 455.9 | 283A | Lamar Street, Pennsylvania Avenue – Fair Park | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 284.4 | 457.7 | 283B | S.M. Wright Freeway (SH 310 south) / Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard – Fair Park | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; former US 175; northbound access to MLK Jr. Boulevard via exit 283A | ||
| 284.9 | 458.5 | 284A | I-30 (US 67) | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; I-30 exits 46 eastbound, 47B westbound | ||
| US 75 north – McKinney | Northern terminus of I-45 and southern terminus of unsigned I-345; access to US 75 via I-345 | |||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
| ||||||
Related routes
Notes
References
- ^ Transportation Planning and Programming Division (n.d.). "Interstate Highway No. 45". Highway Designation Files. Texas Department of Transportation.
- ^ Transportation Planning and Programming Division (n.d.). "Highway Designations Glossary". Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- ^ Hartzel, Tony (July 7, 2002). "Road Names Honor Texas Leaders". The Dallas Morning News.
- ^ a b Love, Caroline (December 7, 2021). "Federal highway officials visit Houston amid I-45 expansion civil rights investigation". Houston Public Media. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
- ^ a b Vasquez, Lucio (November 16, 2021). "Harris County pauses federal lawsuit over I-45 expansion to negotiate with TxDOT". Houston Public Media. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
- ^ a b "'It's just more and more lanes': the Texan revolt against giant new highways". the Guardian. April 29, 2022. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
- ^ Lozano, Juan A (December 20, 2022). "Houston city officials support $9 billion I-45 expansion project despite dispute". Associated Press. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ^ Begley, Dug (May 4, 2023). "The long, long journey ahead for $9.7B rebuild of I-45". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ^ American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2001). List of Control Cities for Use in Guide Signs on Interstate Highways. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
- ^ "Interstate 45 South, the Gulf Freeway". Texas Freeway. from the original on September 20, 2006. Retrieved September 25, 2006.[self-published source]
- ^ . Houston Streetcars. Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2014.[self-published source]
- ^ Texas State Highway Department (1936) [revised to November 23, 1939]. (Map). Supplementary Sheet 3 of 4. Archived from the original on March 12, 2007.
- ^ Texas State Highway Department (1936) [revised to November 23, 1939]. (Map). Archived from the original on March 11, 2007.
- ^ Google (September 25, 2006). "Satellite image of Gulf Freeway and Interstate 610 interchange" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved September 25, 2006.
- ^ . Houston Chronicle. November 20, 2005. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007.
- ^ "Highway Commission Adopts 25 Highways". Commerce Journal. July 6, 1917.
- ^ Texas State Highway Department. (Map). Archived from the original on March 10, 2007.[full citation needed]
- ^ Texas State Highway Department (October 1, 1919). (Map). Archived from the original on March 10, 2007.
- ^ Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via Wikimedia Commons.
- ^ Texas Highway Department (1954). (Map). Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.[full citation needed]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Slotboom, Erik (2003). "Chapter 4: The Spokes". Houston Freeways: A Historical and Visual Journey. Oscar F. "Erik" Slotboom. ISBN 0-9741605-3-9. from the original on September 6, 2006. Retrieved September 11, 2006.[self-published source?]
- ^ Rand McNally & Company (1946). (Map). Sinclair Oil. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013.
- ^ Chamber of Commerce of the United States (1952). Business Action for Better Cities. Chamber of Commerce of the United States. p. 66.
- ^ American Association of State Highway Officials (1952). Proceedings: Convention Group Meetings, Papers and Discussions. Kansas City, Missouri: American Association of State Highway Officials.
- ^ . Texas Department of Transportation archive library. 1953. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.[full citation needed]
- ^ Rand McNally & Company (1953). (Map). Sinclair Oil. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
- ^ Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved January 1, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series.
- ^ Slotboom, Erik (2003). "Chapter 5: The Loops". Houston Freeways: A Historical and Visual Journey. Oscar F. "Erik" Slotboom. ISBN 0-9741605-3-9. from the original on September 6, 2006. Retrieved September 11, 2006.[self-published source?]
- ^ . Texas Department of Transportation Archive Library. c. 1960s. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f Federal Highway Administration (2006). National Bridge Inventory.[full citation needed]
- ^ Transportation Planning and Programming Division (n.d.). "State Highway No. 3". Highway Designation Files. Texas Department of Transportation.
- ^ a b General Drafting Company (1955). (Map). Humble Oil. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
- ^ a b General Drafting Company (1958). (Map). Humble Oil. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
- ^ Texas State Highway Department (1957) [State highways revised to January 1, 1961]. General Highway Map: Galveston County, Texas (Map).[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Slotboom, Erik (2003). "Chapter 6: Freeway Mass Transit". Houston Freeways: A Historical and Visual Journey. Oscar F. "Erik" Slotboom. ISBN 0-9741605-3-9. from the original on September 6, 2006. Retrieved September 11, 2006.[self-published source?]
- ^ Texas Department of Transportation (June 11, 2007). (Press release). Archived from the original on October 8, 2012.[full citation needed]
- ^ Guthrie, Dana (May 27, 2011). "Gulf Freeway construction to begin this summer". Your Houston News. from the original on May 30, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
- ^ Slotboom, Erik (2003). "Chapter 1: Building the System". Houston Freeways: A Historical and Visual Journey. Oscar F. "Erik" Slotboom. ISBN 0-9741605-3-9. from the original on September 6, 2006. Retrieved September 11, 2006.[self-published source?]
- ^ Slotboom, Erik (2003). "Chapter 3: Downtown Freeways". Houston Freeways: A Historical and Visual Journey. Oscar F. "Erik" Slotboom. ISBN 0-9741605-3-9. from the original on September 6, 2006. Retrieved September 11, 2006.[self-published source?]
- ^ General Drafting Company (1961). (Map). Humble Oil. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
- ^ a b c General Drafting Company (1961). (Map). Humble Oil. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
- ^ Sallee, Rad (April 23, 2006). . Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on June 10, 2006.
- ^ Cerota, Andy (December 6, 2021). "Federal officials now investigating I-45 expansion project".
- ^ Coalition, Make I.-45 Better. "Make It Better". Make I-45 Better Coalition. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
- ^ Jordan, Jay R. (June 21, 2022). "TxDOT to tear down apartments for controversial I-45 expansion near downtown Houston". Chron. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
- ^ "Houston · Texas". Houston · Texas. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
- ^ a b Federal Highway Administration. . Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on April 26, 2006.
- ^ . Archived from the original on October 1, 2011.
- ^ "City Seeks Freeway Project". Dallas Times Herald. June 22, 1958.[full citation needed]
- ^ Transportation Planning and Programming Division (n.d.). "Interstate Highway No. 345". Highway Designation Files. Texas Department of Transportation.
- ^ "Interstate 45 to Open Feb 25". The Dallas Morning News. February 15, 1976.[full citation needed]
- ^ "North Central Turns 35 Today". The Dallas Morning News. August 19, 1984.[full citation needed]
- ^ Transportation Planning and Programming Division (n.d.). "Interstate Highway No. 20". Highway Designation Files. Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
- ^ Transportation Planning and Programming Division (n.d.). "Interstate Highway No. 635". Highway Designation Files. Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
- ^ Hartzel, Tony (October 29, 2000). "Road to Better Driving". The Dallas Morning News.[page needed]
- ^ a b "City of Huntsville, Walker County officials discuss I-14 project". The Huntsville Item. September 2, 2016.
- ^ . Texas Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
External links
Route map:
- Geographic data related to Interstate 45 at OpenStreetMap
- Interstate Guide: I-45
- —from dfwfreeways.info