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Stack interchange

February 09, 2023

A directional interchange, colloquially known as a stack interchange, is a type of grade-separated junction between two controlled-access highways that allows for free-flowing movement to and from all directions of traffic. These interchanges eliminate the problems of weaving, have the highest vehicle capacity, and vehicles travel shorter distances when compared to different types of interchanges.

The Four Level Interchange of Arroyo Seco Parkway and Highway 101, looking northeast, in Los Angeles, California. It was the first stack interchange in the world.

The first directional interchange built in the world was the Four Level Interchange which opened to Los Angeles traffic in 1949.

Definition

A directional interchange is a grade separated junction between two roads where all turns that require crossing over or under the opposite road's lanes of travel in order to complete the turn utilize ramps that make a direct or semi-direct connection. The difference between direct and semi-direct connections is how much the motorist deviates from the intended direction of travel while on the ramp; direct ramps are shorter and can handle higher traveling speeds than semi-direct.[1]

Four-level stack

 
Four-level stack

The four-level stack (or simply four-stack) has one major freeway crossing another freeway with a viaduct, with connector flyover ramps crossing on two further levels. This type of interchange does not usually permit U-turns. The four-level stack creates two "inverse" dual-carriageways—the turn ramps crossing the middle section have traffic driving on the opposite side of oncoming traffic to usual (see diagram for clarity).

United States

 
Highway Interchange between Dolphin Expressway and Palmetto Expressway (Dolphin–Palmetto Interchange) in Greater Miami, Florida, United States

The first stack interchange was the Four Level Interchange (renamed the Bill Keene Memorial Interchange), built in Los Angeles, California, and completed in 1949, at the junction of US Route 101 (US 101) and State Route 110 (SR 110).[2] Since then, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has built eight more four-level stacks throughout the state of California, notably the Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange, as well as a larger number of three-level and four-level stack–cloverleaf hybrids (where the least-used left-turning ramp is built as a cloverleaf-like 270-degree loop). The stack interchange between I-10 and I-405 is a three-level stack, since the semi-directional ramps are spaced out far enough so they do not need to cross each other at a single point as in a conventional four-level stack.

 
Partially used stack interchange over I‑84 in Connecticut

The first four-level stack interchange in Texas was built in Fort Worth at the intersection of I-35W and I-30 (originally I-20) near downtown. This interchange, finished in 1958, was known as "The Pretzel" or the "Mixmaster" by locals. The original contract cost was $1,220,000.[3] Improvements to the old Mixmaster over the past 60 years include an upgrade to a Texas-style five-level stack exchange (see below).

One of the first four-level stack interchanges in the northeastern United States was constructed in the late 1960s over I-84 in Farmington, Connecticut, for the controversial I-291 beltway around the city of Hartford. Most of the I‑291 beltway was later cancelled, and the sprawling stack lay dormant for almost 25 years. In 1992 the extension of Connecticut Route 9 to I-84 used the I‑291 right-of-way and some sections of the abandoned interchange. Several ramps still remain unused, including abandoned roadbed for I-291 both north and south of the complex.

Four-level stacks are used for the interchanges between:

Another well-known stack interchange lies west of Baltimore, Maryland, serving as the junction between I-695 and I-70. It was originally built for a planned extension of I‑70 into the city, but because of heavy opposition, I‑70 ends at a park and ride three miles (4.8 km) east. As a result, the road east of I‑695 sees very little traffic compared to the high volumes to and from the west.

Another four-level stack interchange in the Baltimore area is located at the northeastern junction between I-695 and I-95. The stack was built as part of a massive I-95 reconstruction project that includes high-occupancy toll lanes (HOT lanes), designed to relieve congestion between Baltimore and its northeastern suburbs.

The Springfield Interchange, south of Washington, D.C., was rebuilt into a four-level stack to accommodate I-95's transition from the Capital Beltway to its own alignment further south into Virginia. This was necessitated by the inadequacy of the original configuration that was caused by the rerouting of I-95 onto the Beltway after its cancellation within Washington and points north.

In Lone Tree, Colorado, there is a four-level stack serving I-25, the eastern end of C-470 and the southern end of E-470. In Thornton, Colorado, there is another stack serving I-25 and E-470 at its northern end as it continues west as the Northwest Parkway.

Canada

The initial design of Highway 407 had several four-level stack interchanges planned at junctions with existing 400-series highways, but ending up only one example was built—the interchange at Highway 400 in Vaughan, Ontario, which is also the only true four-level stack in all of Canada. Highway 407's other proposed four-level stacks at Highway 410 and Highway 404 were reduced to three-level cloverstack interchanges with loop ramps instead of a fourth level of semi-directional ramps. Similarly the Highway 407 interchange with Highway 427 has four levels but only two semi-directional flyover ramps (that cross each other) connecting to Highway 427 south of that junction, while two loop ramps link Highway 407 with Highway 427 north of that junction.

Europe

In Belgium, on the Brussels Ring there are two[citation needed] four-level stack interchanges: The Grand-Bigard and Machelen interchange (only partly in use).

In Germany, there is one, the Wetzlarer Kreuz.

In Greece, there is also one[citation needed] four stack interchange near Metamorfosi, which connects the A1 Highway with Attiki Odos.

In the Netherlands there is currently one[citation needed] four-level stack interchange: the Prins Clausplein near The Hague. It forms the junction of the A4 and A12.

 
M23 and M25 interchange, UK

In the United Kingdom there are three[citation needed] four-level stacks: at the junction of the M4 and M25 near Heathrow Airport in London (the Thorney Interchange), at the junction of the M23 and M25 to the south of London (the Merstham Interchange), and at the junction of the M4 and M5 near Bristol (the Almondsbury Interchange). The M4/M25 junction is particularly unusual as it also has a railway line bisecting it at its lowest level. The M4/M25 junction is slightly offset so there is no point where all four levels are directly above each other. M25 (a north–south road at this junction) is offset to the east by approximately 60 metres (200 ft). The junction of the A19 and A66 in Teesside uses a three-level variant, with a 270-degree loop allowing southbound A19 traffic to exit to the westbound A66.

Southern Hemisphere

 
The Light Horse Interchange in Sydney is the largest in the southern hemisphere.

The Light Horse Interchange at the junction of the M4 and M7 is a four-level stack interchange in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Opened in late 2005, it is the largest in the Southern Hemisphere.[4]

The EB Cloete Interchange just outside Durban, South Africa, is another four-level stack interchange. The N3 is the busiest highway in South Africa and a very busy truck route. Because Johannesburg is not located near a body of water, most of the city's exports travel through the Port of Durban. The N2 connects Cape Town with Durban and serves the South African cities of Port Elizabeth, East London and George and the towns of Grahamstown, Port Shepstone, Richards Bay and the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. Two busy roads intersect at the junction. A four-level stack interchange was chosen to serve the high volumes of traffic.

Five-level stack

Texas-style stack

 
The High Five Interchange in Dallas, Texas, United States, is a five-level interchange.

In Texas, many stacks contain five levels. They usually have the same configuration as four-level stacks, but frontage roads add a fifth level. The frontage roads usually intersect with traffic lights and are similar to a grid of nearby one-way streets. A common setup is for one mainline to go below grade and another to go above grade. The intersection of the frontage roads is typically at grade or close to it. Two pairs of left-turn connectors are built above these.

The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex has several five-level stacks, most notably the High Five Interchange between US 75 and I-635; completed in 2005 and currently the tallest interchange in the world.[5] Others can be found at the interchanges between State Highway 121 (SH 121) and the Dallas North Tollway, SH 121 and I-35E/US 77, I-30 and I-35W, I-30 and President George Bush Turnpike and others which are technically five levels but do not fit under a Texas-style stack configuration (i.e. the extra level being located away from the central stack or existing in only one direction).

The Houston area has seven five-level stack interchanges along Beltway 8: at I-10 east and west of downtown, I-69 northeast and southwest of downtown, I-45 north and south of downtown, and US 290 in the beltway's northwest quadrant.[6] The newly reconstructed interchange of I-610 and I-69, with the new I‑610 northbound feeder road built underground and the new I-610 southbound feeder road overpass, is also a five-level stack interchange.[7]

Though not a Texas-style stack in the above sense, an unusual stack is nonetheless found in Houston that features more than four levels of traffic but whose fifth level exists in only one direction. In 2011, the previously four-level stack interchange between I-610 and I-10 on the city's east side gained a new (though long-planned)[8] level of complexity with the opening of four ramps connecting the new US 90 (Crosby Freeway) to the east, featuring direct movements for the new freeway to and from the southeast quadrant of I-610, to westbound I-10, and from eastbound I-10. It is the latter ramp which gives the interchange the fifth level, as US 90 to I-10 westbound merges onto I-10 before crossing I-610. (None of the frontage roads for these highways cross the interchange itself, and thus do not factor into the complexity of the stack.)[9]

More than 40 bridges make up the five-level stack interchange known as the Big I between I-40 and I-25 in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

China is also home to many Texas-style stack interchanges. For example the Nanjing's Yingtian Street Elevated has one each where it intersects the Inner Ring Road twice.

Other five-level stacks

 
The Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange in Los Angeles, California, United States

Sometimes a fifth level is added for HOV connectors. An example of this exists in Los Angeles, California, at the Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange. The connector from HOV southbound 110 to HOV westbound 105 can be at the same level as the connector from mixed eastbound 105 to mixed northbound 110, but the connector from HOV southbound 110 to HOV eastbound 105 needs to be higher level, since it crosses over the former connector.

Another case is where connection to nearby arterials suggests that another level may be useful, thus making the interchange more complicated but easier to use. In the Atlanta area, a side ramp forms the fifth level of the Tom Moreland Interchange, colloquially known as Spaghetti Junction, found in DeKalb County, Georgia.

Six-level stack

 
Yan'an East Road Interchange, a six-level urban stack interchange in Puxi, Shanghai, China (Nanbei Elevated Road and Yan'an Elevated Road)

There is a six-level stack on the Yan'an East Road Interchange (Chinese: 延安东路立交) in Puxi, Shanghai, with no dedicated HOV/bus/truck lanes. It is six-level stack because it is formed by two elevated highways, Nanbei Elevated Road and Yan'an Elevated Road with service roads and a footbridge underneath. The centrally located interchange has a central pillar known as the Nine-Dragon Pillar (九龙柱). The story is that after several construction accidents, a monk suggested the nine-dragon be welcomed with a bas relief sculpture depicting the dragon.[citation needed]

An unusual six-level stack is located at the junction between Interstate 35E and I-635 in Dallas, Texas, and does not contain any service or frontage roads. The interchange features two levels of highway with the top three levels consisting of direct connection ramps and HOV connectors. A single ramp leading from I-635 westbound to I-35E southbound weaves underneath the I-635 eastbound bridge, making the interchange six levels.[10]

The interchange between I-35E and the Sam Rayburn Tollway in Lewisville, Texas, although similar in design to five-level stacks elsewhere in Texas, also qualifies as a six-level stack, since the ramp connecting the eastbound Sam Rayburn Tollway with northbound I-35E goes over the fifth-level ramps connecting I-35E in both directions with the Sam Rayburn Tollway. The ramp connecting the westbound Sam Rayburn Tollway with southbound I-35E is on the fourth level of the interchange, going under the fifth-level ramps connecting both directions of I-35E with the Sam Rayburn Tollway.[11]

 
Yan'an East Road Interchange, seen from a pedestrian's perspective

See also

 
Comparison of traffic flows for some four-legged complete interchanges (animation)

References

  1. ^ A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (7th ed.). Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 2018. p. 10-64. ISBN 978-1-56051-676-7.
  2. ^ Four Level interchange-Los Angeles-Orange County Frwys[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Interstate 35W, Fort Worth
  4. ^ "Fact Sheet - Light Horse Interchange" (PDF). Westlink Motorway Limited. May 2006.
  5. ^ (PDF). Chryso. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 26, 2012.
  6. ^ TexasFreeway > Houston > Photo Gallery > Beltway 8 Photos
  7. ^ Google (November 19, 2006). "Interstate 610 at U.S. 59 in Houston, Texas" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved November 19, 2006.
  8. ^ "TexasFreeway > Houston > Future Freeway > Future section of US 90, the Northeast/Crosby Freeway". TexasFreeway.com. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
  9. ^ Google (October 16, 2011). "East Fwy at North Loop" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
  10. ^ "Phase 2 Entrance and Exit Points | LBJ TEXpress Lanes". www.lbjtexpress.com. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
  11. ^ "Renderings | The 35Express Project". www.35express.org. Retrieved October 20, 2017.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stack interchanges.
  • Satellite image of Nanbei Elevated Road and Yanan Elevated Road six-level interchange in Shanghai, China.
  • Satellite image of Interstate 105 and Interstate 110 five-level interchange in Los Angeles.
  • Satellite image of Interstate 95 and Interstate 695 four-level interchange near Baltimore Maryland.

February 09, 2023
stack, interchange, directional, interchange, colloquially, known, stack, interchange, type, grade, separated, junction, between, controlled, access, highways, that, allows, free, flowing, movement, from, directions, traffic, these, interchanges, eliminate, pr. A directional interchange colloquially known as a stack interchange is a type of grade separated junction between two controlled access highways that allows for free flowing movement to and from all directions of traffic These interchanges eliminate the problems of weaving have the highest vehicle capacity and vehicles travel shorter distances when compared to different types of interchanges The Four Level Interchange of Arroyo Seco Parkway and Highway 101 looking northeast in Los Angeles California It was the first stack interchange in the world The first directional interchange built in the world was the Four Level Interchange which opened to Los Angeles traffic in 1949 Contents 1 Definition 2 Four level stack 2 1 United States 2 2 Canada 2 3 Europe 2 4 Southern Hemisphere 3 Five level stack 3 1 Texas style stack 3 2 Other five level stacks 4 Six level stack 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDefinition EditA directional interchange is a grade separated junction between two roads where all turns that require crossing over or under the opposite road s lanes of travel in order to complete the turn utilize ramps that make a direct or semi direct connection The difference between direct and semi direct connections is how much the motorist deviates from the intended direction of travel while on the ramp direct ramps are shorter and can handle higher traveling speeds than semi direct 1 Four level stack Edit Four level stack The four level stack or simply four stack has one major freeway crossing another freeway with a viaduct with connector flyover ramps crossing on two further levels This type of interchange does not usually permit U turns The four level stack creates two inverse dual carriageways the turn ramps crossing the middle section have traffic driving on the opposite side of oncoming traffic to usual see diagram for clarity United States Edit Highway Interchange between Dolphin Expressway and Palmetto Expressway Dolphin Palmetto Interchange in Greater Miami Florida United States The first stack interchange was the Four Level Interchange renamed the Bill Keene Memorial Interchange built in Los Angeles California and completed in 1949 at the junction of US Route 101 US 101 and State Route 110 SR 110 2 Since then the California Department of Transportation Caltrans has built eight more four level stacks throughout the state of California notably the Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange as well as a larger number of three level and four level stack cloverleaf hybrids where the least used left turning ramp is built as a cloverleaf like 270 degree loop The stack interchange between I 10 and I 405 is a three level stack since the semi directional ramps are spaced out far enough so they do not need to cross each other at a single point as in a conventional four level stack Partially used stack interchange over I 84 in Connecticut The first four level stack interchange in Texas was built in Fort Worth at the intersection of I 35W and I 30 originally I 20 near downtown This interchange finished in 1958 was known as The Pretzel or the Mixmaster by locals The original contract cost was 1 220 000 3 Improvements to the old Mixmaster over the past 60 years include an upgrade to a Texas style five level stack exchange see below One of the first four level stack interchanges in the northeastern United States was constructed in the late 1960s over I 84 in Farmington Connecticut for the controversial I 291 beltway around the city of Hartford Most of the I 291 beltway was later cancelled and the sprawling stack lay dormant for almost 25 years In 1992 the extension of Connecticut Route 9 to I 84 used the I 291 right of way and some sections of the abandoned interchange Several ramps still remain unused including abandoned roadbed for I 291 both north and south of the complex Four level stacks are used for the interchanges between I 5 and SR 4 in Stockton California I 71 I 75 and I 275 in Erlanger Kentucky Cincinnati metropolitan area I 71 and I 90 I 490 in Cleveland Ohio I 77 and I 480 in Independence Ohio just outside Cleveland I 77 and I 490 in Cleveland Ohio I 77 and I 485 in Charlotte North Carolina I 65 and I 440 in Nashville Tennessee I 20 and I 459 near Birmingham Alabama I 90 and I 405 in Bellevue Washington I 110 and US 61 US 190 in Louisiana I 75 and US 35 in Dayton Ohio I 75 and I 696 near Detroit Michigan I 69 and I 475 in Flint Michigan I 70 I 270 and I 270 I 64 St Louis Missouri The Marquette Interchange between I 794 I 94 and I 43 in Milwaukee Wisconsin and The Zoo Interchange between I 894 I 94 I 41 and US 41 US 45 Milwaukee Wisconsin Another well known stack interchange lies west of Baltimore Maryland serving as the junction between I 695 and I 70 It was originally built for a planned extension of I 70 into the city but because of heavy opposition I 70 ends at a park and ride three miles 4 8 km east As a result the road east of I 695 sees very little traffic compared to the high volumes to and from the west Another four level stack interchange in the Baltimore area is located at the northeastern junction between I 695 and I 95 The stack was built as part of a massive I 95 reconstruction project that includes high occupancy toll lanes HOT lanes designed to relieve congestion between Baltimore and its northeastern suburbs The Springfield Interchange south of Washington D C was rebuilt into a four level stack to accommodate I 95 s transition from the Capital Beltway to its own alignment further south into Virginia This was necessitated by the inadequacy of the original configuration that was caused by the rerouting of I 95 onto the Beltway after its cancellation within Washington and points north In Lone Tree Colorado there is a four level stack serving I 25 the eastern end of C 470 and the southern end of E 470 In Thornton Colorado there is another stack serving I 25 and E 470 at its northern end as it continues west as the Northwest Parkway Canada Edit The initial design of Highway 407 had several four level stack interchanges planned at junctions with existing 400 series highways but ending up only one example was built the interchange at Highway 400 in Vaughan Ontario which is also the only true four level stack in all of Canada Highway 407 s other proposed four level stacks at Highway 410 and Highway 404 were reduced to three level cloverstack interchanges with loop ramps instead of a fourth level of semi directional ramps Similarly the Highway 407 interchange with Highway 427 has four levels but only two semi directional flyover ramps that cross each other connecting to Highway 427 south of that junction while two loop ramps link Highway 407 with Highway 427 north of that junction Europe Edit In Belgium on the Brussels Ring there are two citation needed four level stack interchanges The Grand Bigard and Machelen interchange only partly in use In Germany there is one the Wetzlarer Kreuz In Greece there is also one citation needed four stack interchange near Metamorfosi which connects the A1 Highway with Attiki Odos In the Netherlands there is currently one citation needed four level stack interchange the Prins Clausplein near The Hague It forms the junction of the A4 and A12 M23 and M25 interchange UK In the United Kingdom there are three citation needed four level stacks at the junction of the M4 and M25 near Heathrow Airport in London the Thorney Interchange at the junction of the M23 and M25 to the south of London the Merstham Interchange and at the junction of the M4 and M5 near Bristol the Almondsbury Interchange The M4 M25 junction is particularly unusual as it also has a railway line bisecting it at its lowest level The M4 M25 junction is slightly offset so there is no point where all four levels are directly above each other M25 a north south road at this junction is offset to the east by approximately 60 metres 200 ft The junction of the A19 and A66 in Teesside uses a three level variant with a 270 degree loop allowing southbound A19 traffic to exit to the westbound A66 Southern Hemisphere Edit The Light Horse Interchange in Sydney is the largest in the southern hemisphere The Light Horse Interchange at the junction of the M4 and M7 is a four level stack interchange in Sydney New South Wales Australia Opened in late 2005 it is the largest in the Southern Hemisphere 4 The EB Cloete Interchange just outside Durban South Africa is another four level stack interchange The N3 is the busiest highway in South Africa and a very busy truck route Because Johannesburg is not located near a body of water most of the city s exports travel through the Port of Durban The N2 connects Cape Town with Durban and serves the South African cities of Port Elizabeth East London and George and the towns of Grahamstown Port Shepstone Richards Bay and the iSimangaliso Wetland Park Two busy roads intersect at the junction A four level stack interchange was chosen to serve the high volumes of traffic Five level stack EditTexas style stack Edit The High Five Interchange in Dallas Texas United States is a five level interchange In Texas many stacks contain five levels They usually have the same configuration as four level stacks but frontage roads add a fifth level The frontage roads usually intersect with traffic lights and are similar to a grid of nearby one way streets A common setup is for one mainline to go below grade and another to go above grade The intersection of the frontage roads is typically at grade or close to it Two pairs of left turn connectors are built above these The Dallas Fort Worth metroplex has several five level stacks most notably the High Five Interchange between US 75 and I 635 completed in 2005 and currently the tallest interchange in the world 5 Others can be found at the interchanges between State Highway 121 SH 121 and the Dallas North Tollway SH 121 and I 35E US 77 I 30 and I 35W I 30 and President George Bush Turnpike and others which are technically five levels but do not fit under a Texas style stack configuration i e the extra level being located away from the central stack or existing in only one direction The Houston area has seven five level stack interchanges along Beltway 8 at I 10 east and west of downtown I 69 northeast and southwest of downtown I 45 north and south of downtown and US 290 in the beltway s northwest quadrant 6 The newly reconstructed interchange of I 610 and I 69 with the new I 610 northbound feeder road built underground and the new I 610 southbound feeder road overpass is also a five level stack interchange 7 Though not a Texas style stack in the above sense an unusual stack is nonetheless found in Houston that features more than four levels of traffic but whose fifth level exists in only one direction In 2011 the previously four level stack interchange between I 610 and I 10 on the city s east side gained a new though long planned 8 level of complexity with the opening of four ramps connecting the new US 90 Crosby Freeway to the east featuring direct movements for the new freeway to and from the southeast quadrant of I 610 to westbound I 10 and from eastbound I 10 It is the latter ramp which gives the interchange the fifth level as US 90 to I 10 westbound merges onto I 10 before crossing I 610 None of the frontage roads for these highways cross the interchange itself and thus do not factor into the complexity of the stack 9 More than 40 bridges make up the five level stack interchange known as the Big I between I 40 and I 25 in Albuquerque New Mexico China is also home to many Texas style stack interchanges For example the Nanjing s Yingtian Street Elevated has one each where it intersects the Inner Ring Road twice Other five level stacks Edit The Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange in Los Angeles California United States Sometimes a fifth level is added for HOV connectors An example of this exists in Los Angeles California at the Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange The connector from HOV southbound 110 to HOV westbound 105 can be at the same level as the connector from mixed eastbound 105 to mixed northbound 110 but the connector from HOV southbound 110 to HOV eastbound 105 needs to be higher level since it crosses over the former connector Another case is where connection to nearby arterials suggests that another level may be useful thus making the interchange more complicated but easier to use In the Atlanta area a side ramp forms the fifth level of the Tom Moreland Interchange colloquially known as Spaghetti Junction found in DeKalb County Georgia Six level stack Edit Yan an East Road Interchange a six level urban stack interchange in Puxi Shanghai China Nanbei Elevated Road and Yan an Elevated Road There is a six level stack on the Yan an East Road Interchange Chinese 延安东路立交 in Puxi Shanghai with no dedicated HOV bus truck lanes It is six level stack because it is formed by two elevated highways Nanbei Elevated Road and Yan an Elevated Road with service roads and a footbridge underneath The centrally located interchange has a central pillar known as the Nine Dragon Pillar 九龙柱 The story is that after several construction accidents a monk suggested the nine dragon be welcomed with a bas relief sculpture depicting the dragon citation needed An unusual six level stack is located at the junction between Interstate 35E and I 635 in Dallas Texas and does not contain any service or frontage roads The interchange features two levels of highway with the top three levels consisting of direct connection ramps and HOV connectors A single ramp leading from I 635 westbound to I 35E southbound weaves underneath the I 635 eastbound bridge making the interchange six levels 10 The interchange between I 35E and the Sam Rayburn Tollway in Lewisville Texas although similar in design to five level stacks elsewhere in Texas also qualifies as a six level stack since the ramp connecting the eastbound Sam Rayburn Tollway with northbound I 35E goes over the fifth level ramps connecting I 35E in both directions with the Sam Rayburn Tollway The ramp connecting the westbound Sam Rayburn Tollway with southbound I 35E is on the fourth level of the interchange going under the fifth level ramps connecting both directions of I 35E with the Sam Rayburn Tollway 11 Yan an East Road Interchange seen from a pedestrian s perspectiveSee also Edit Comparison of traffic flows for some four legged complete interchanges animation List of road interchanges in the United StatesReferences Edit A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 7th ed Washington DC American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 2018 p 10 64 ISBN 978 1 56051 676 7 Four Level interchange Los Angeles Orange County Frwys permanent dead link Interstate 35W Fort Worth Fact Sheet Light Horse Interchange PDF Westlink Motorway Limited May 2006 High Five Interchange Dallas Texas PDF Chryso Archived from the original PDF on April 26 2012 TexasFreeway gt Houston gt Photo Gallery gt Beltway 8 Photos Google November 19 2006 Interstate 610 at U S 59 in Houston Texas Map Google Maps Google Retrieved November 19 2006 TexasFreeway gt Houston gt Future Freeway gt Future section of US 90 the Northeast Crosby Freeway TexasFreeway com Retrieved October 16 2011 Google October 16 2011 East Fwy at North Loop Map Google Maps Google Retrieved October 16 2011 Phase 2 Entrance and Exit Points LBJ TEXpress Lanes www lbjtexpress com Retrieved January 11 2016 Renderings The 35Express Project www 35express org Retrieved October 20 2017 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stack interchanges Satellite image of Nanbei Elevated Road and Yanan Elevated Road six level interchange in Shanghai China Satellite image of Interstate 105 and Interstate 110 five level interchange in Los Angeles Satellite image of Interstate 95 and Interstate 695 four level interchange near Baltimore Maryland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stack interchange amp oldid 1129995489, wikipedia, 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