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Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)

January 04, 2023

The insurgency in the Maghreb refers to the Islamist insurgency in the Maghreb region of North Africa that followed on from the end of the Algerian Civil War in 2002 to the present day.[44] The Algerian militant group Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) allied itself with al-Qaeda to eventually become al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM).[45] The Algerian and other Maghreb governments fighting the militants have worked with the United States and the United Kingdom since 2007, when Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara began.[5][46] While the 2011 Arab Spring affected support for the insurgency, it also presented military opportunities for the jihadists.[17][45][47][48][49] In 2012, AQIM and Islamist allies captured the northern half of Mali, until being fought back less than a year later following a French-led foreign intervention, which was succeeded by the Sahel-wide Operation Barkhane.[2][17] In Libya, the ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh was able to control some limited territory during the Second Libyan Civil War, amid allegations of local collaboration between the rival AQIM and ISIL.[50][17][51]

Islamist insurgency in the Maghreb
Part of the War on terror

Map showing GSPC area of operations (pink), member states of the Pan Sahel Initiative (dark blue), and members of the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative (dark and light blue).
Date11 April 2002 – present
(20 years, 8 months)
Location
Maghreb, Sahara desert[2]
Status

Ongoing

Belligerents

 Algeria
 Mali
 Niger
 Mauritania
 Tunisia
 Libya
 Morocco[1]

International Missions:
Supported by:

Al-Qaeda

GSPC (until 2007)
Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) (2012–17)
Salafia Jihadia[1]

 ISIL (from 2014)

Commanders and leaders
Show list

Amari Saifi (POW)
Nabil Sahraoui †
Abdelmalek Droukdel †
Abu Ubaidah Yusef al-Annabi
Abdelhamid Abou Zeid †[17]
Mokhtar Belmokhtar
Ahmed al Tilemsi †[18]
Seifallah Ben Hassine †
Mohamed al-Zahawi †

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi † (Leader of ISIL)
Abu Nabil al-Anbari †
Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi †
Strength

Total armed forces (unless specified):
 Algeria: 520,000
 Mauritania: 15,870
 Tunisia: 45,000; 6,000 deployed in Chaambi[19]
 Libya: 35,000
 France: 5,100 deployed in the Sahel[20][21]

Supported by:
 United States: 1,325+ advisors, trainers[22][23]

AQIM (former GSPC): 1,000[2][24][25]–4,000[26]
Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia): 1,000[27]
Ansar al-Sharia (Libya): 5,000+[28]
Salafia Jihadia: 700+[29]

 ISIL

Casualties and losses

Major conflict casualties:

  • 2002: 1,100+ killed in Algeria[36][37][38]
  • 2003: 1,162 killed in Algeria[39]
  • 2004: 429 killed in Algeria[39]
  • 2005: 488 killed in Algeria[39]
  • 2006: 323 killed in Algeria[39]

Algeria: 3,502+ total killed (2002–06)

Libya: 10,071+ killed (2014–18),[40][41][42]
20,000+ wounded (as of May 2015)[43]

Background

Main article: Algerian Civil War

With the decline of the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA), the GSPC was left as the most active rebel group, with about 300 fighters in 2003.[52] It continued an assassination campaign of police and army personnel in its area, and also managed to expand into the Sahara, where its southern division, led by Amari Saifi (nicknamed "Abderrezak el-Para", the "paratrooper"), kidnapped a number of German tourists in 2003, before being forced to flee to sparsely populated areas of Mali, and later Niger and Chad, where he was captured.

Some believe that el-Para actually works for the Algerian government. By late 2003, the group's founder had been supplanted by the even more radical Nabil Sahraoui, who announced his open support for al-Qaeda, thus strengthening government ties between the U.S. and Algeria. He was reportedly killed shortly afterwards, and was succeeded by Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud in 2004.[53]

The GSPC has declared its intention to attack Algerian, French, and American targets. It has been designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the U.S. Department of State, and similarly classed as a terrorist organization by the European Union.

Overview

Insurgency in Algeria

The conflict with the GSPC continued to result in a significant number of casualties in Algeria, with over 1,100 killed in clashes with Islamist rebels in 2002.[36][37][38] In 2003, a total 1,162 were killed in clashes in Algeria, followed by 429 killed in 2004, 488 killed in 2005, and 323 killed in 2006.[39] In early 2006, the head of the Algerian national police claimed that terrorism had nearly been eliminated in the country, but significant attacks continued,[39] and 2007 would eventually mark a height of suicide bombings and terrorist attacks in Algeria.[2]

Broadening of conflict

In order to improve recruiting and funding, the GSPC aligned itself with al-Qaeda, and on 11 September 2006, al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri announced a union between the groups.[2] The GSPC rebranded itself as al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in January 2007, signaling the broadened aspirations of the group.[2]

The group now aimed to overthrow all North African governments deemed apostate, including those of Algeria, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia.[2] Operations were shifted into two broader "sectors", Northern Algeria and Tunisia allocated a "central emirate", and northern Mali, Niger, Mauritania and Libya a "Sahara emirate" led by Djamel Okacha.[54] The strategic leadership of AQIM continued to be headquartered in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of the Algerian capital Algiers, headed by a 14-member Shura council leadership.[54]

As the Algerian counterterrorism campaign became largely successful in pushing AQIM out of the country, the group established new bases in Sahel countries such as Niger, Mauritania, Chad and Mali.[2] Attacks against government and military installations were frequently underreported by Western media.[54] In 2007, the United States and United Kingdom launched the Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara in support of governments in the region.[5][46]

Frequent kidnappings of foreigners in 2008 led the Dakar Rally to be cancelled and permanently moved to South America.[54]

Mauritania

In the earliest major attack as direct spillover of the Algerian conflict, the Mauritanian army base at Lemgheity was attacked by the GSPC in June 2005, killing 17 soldiers (and nine jihadists), and wounding another 17.[54][55] The attack in part led to a coup d'état in October 2005 by Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, who made a campaign against jihadists a major part of his rule.[55] Attacks continued in Mauritania until it was largely successful in thwarting attacks since 2011 following a major military boost and political openings for Islamists.[55] AQIM has however continued to remain active in the eastern border-regions with Mali, with active support systems for logistics and information.[56] A lack of military resources, often due to turmoil and having little population in a very large country, caused Mauritania to rely on support from France, Morocco, and Algeria in order to defeat the AQIM.

Tunisia

In December 2006 and again in January 2007, Tunisian security forces engaged in clashes with a group linked to the GSPC that had established training camps in mountainous areas near the capital Tunis, killing more than a dozen people.[57][58][59] According to French daily Le Parisien at least 60 people were killed in the clashes.[60] The clashes were the most serious terrorist activity in Tunisia since the Ghriba synagogue bombing in 2002.[60]

Starting in 2012, AQIM along with Ansar al-Sharia and the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade active in the mountainous Jebel ech Chambi region outside Kasserine near the Algeria–Tunisia border have been targeted by the Tunisian Army in the Chaambi Operations.[15][61] In 2014, Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade militants attacked two Tunisian military checkpoints, killing fourteen Tunisian soldiers and injuring twenty-five in what was the deadliest military skirmish in Tunisia since its independence in 1956.[62][63] Since 2015, Tunisia has simultaneously been targeted by an ISIL terrorist campaign. In March 2016 over 50 militants were killed when ISIL attempted to seize Ben Guerdane near the Libya–Tunisia border.[64]

Libyan Civil War

Since the Libyan Civil War in 2011, south-western Libya has offered sanctuaries to AQIM which has dispatched cells to be established in the region.[54] On 11 September 2012, members of Ansar al-Sharia and AQIM were responsible for coordinated attacks against two United States government facilities in Benghazi, and Ansar al-Sharia was later involved in clashes in Benghazi in 2013. Drawing defectors from AQIM,[65] the rival Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) was later able to control some limited territory in the north in the renewed civil war from 2014. After initial official support from AQIM, allegations have continued of local collaboration between the otherwise rivalling groups.[50][17][51] After being pushed out of Derna, the remaining ISIL stronghold of Sirte was captured in late 2016. Al-Qaeda-affiliated Islamists led by Ansar al-Sharia have at the same time continued to exert control in other places.

Mali conflict and Sahel spillover

Main articles: Mali War and Islamist insurgency in the Sahel
 
The fullest extent of rebel-held territory in January 2013, before it was re-taken by Malian and French forces.

In 2012 Malian President Amadou Toumani Touré was ousted in a coup d'état over his handling of the Tuareg rebellion. The AQIM and allied Islamist groups Ansar Dine and Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA) were able to capture the northern half of Mali after effectively overrunning the state of Azawad, led by former Tuareg fighters from the Libyan Civil War.[2] After Ansar Dine attempted a push into the south of the country, Mali requested France to launch a military intervention in January 2013 which successfully pushed rebels out. The military intervention was followed by an ongoing Sahel-wide French-led military operation with around 4,000 French soldiers actively deployed.[2][17][54]

Small pockets of armed Islamists have remained active in northern Mali,[2][66] and attacks have continued against the UN peacekeeping mission MINUSMA, which has become one of the UN's deadliest international missions.[54]

Timeline of events

2002

  • Algerian Civil War with the GIA is considered to have ended in February 2002, GSPC continues insurgency.
  • April 11 – Ghriba synagogue bombing killed 22 (14 German tourists, 5 Tunisians, and 2 French nationals and the suicide bomber).
  • May 5 – 15 government soldiers are killed in an ambush near Tizi Ouzou, in the Kabylie region of northern Algeria. About 50 members of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) were blamed for the assault.[67]
  • June 23 – Militants killed 6 civilians in an attack on youths playing football near a bus station in Zéralda in suburban Algiers.[68]
  • July 17 – Militants killed 7 civilians in Ouled Allal, Bouira Province. Bringing the death toll of the previous three days to 22.[69]
  • September 13 – Militants killed 11 civilians on a road in Ain Defla Province, northern Algeria. The previous month, according to a toll compiled from press reports and official accounts, an estimated 140 people were killed in extremist violence, bringing the number of people who had been killed since the beginning of the year to 1,070.[38]
  • September 19 – 15 people are reported to have been arrested in Kabylie under suspicion of providing money and logistical help to the GSPC.[70]
  • October 2 – Militants killed 13 civilians in a remote village in Ain Defla Province, western Algeria.[71]

2003

  • January 6 – Militants ambushed a military convoy in north-east Algeria killing 43 soldiers and wounding 19 others. Also militants attacked families near the capital, Algiers, killing 13 people.[72]
  • Between February 22 and March 24 – The Free Salafist Group (GSL), a splinter group of the GSPC led by Amari Saïfi (Abderrazak "El Para"), allegedly captures 32 European tourists in southern Algeria.
    • On May 13, 17 hostages are released and 2 militants are killed in a gun battle in the Algerian desert. The remaining fighters, with 15 hostages, flee to northern Mali. After receiving a purported €5 million ransom paid by the German government,[73] the GSL/GSPC releases the 14 remaining hostages on August 19.[74] The fifteenth hostage, a German, died of heat exhaustion.[75]
  • May 16 – 2003 Casablanca bombings killed 45 including 12 suicide-bombers.
  • September – Nabil Sahraoui was reported to have replaced Hassan Hattab as leader of the GSPC but other media reports have denied that any change has taken place.[76]
  • November 27 – In Messad, Djelfa Province, Algeria, a well-known poet and member of the extended Royal Saudi family was killed and 4 others were injured in an apparent terrorist attack, according to press reports.[77]

2004

  • May 2 – It was reported that in the previous two days 7 members of the security forces, 6 civilians and 2 militants were killed in several locations: near Algiers and in the provinces of Medea, Bouira and Relizane.[78]
  • May 18 – 2 bombs exploded, killing 2 soldiers and wounding 13 people, including 4 soldiers, in Setif in eastern Algeria.[79]
  • June 2 – Fighters ambushed an Algerian military convoy in Béjaïa in eastern Algeria, killing 10 soldiers and wounding 45 others.[80]
  • June 28 – The army killed three Islamic extremists in a raid near the capital, Algiers.[81]
  • September 20 – Militants killed 4 people at a roadblock they set up near Kalous in Bouira Province.[82]
  • September 29 – Militants attacked a civil defense post near the city of Ain Defla, killing 6 members of the civil defense force.[83]
  • October 22 – Militants attacked a vehicle near Médéa carrying fans to a football match in the capital Algiers killing 16 people.[84]

2005

  • April 9 – Militants killed 14 people at a mock roadblock near Algier. In addition another 36 people, including 15 security force members have been killed since the start of March.[85]
  • May 15 – Fighters ambushed an army convoy in the region of Khenchela killing 12 soldiers.[86]
  • June 13 – An explosive device kills 3 soldiers and 3 civilians west of Tipaza.[87]
  • June 18 – An explosive device killed a policeman during a police raid in El-Djer.[88]
  • June 23 – An explosive device kills 11 policeman on the road linking Azzefoune and Aghrib in the province of Tizi Ouzou.[89]
  • July 18 – Islamist militants killed 5 policemen in an ambush in Ain Defla in western Algeria.[90]
  • September 25 – Militants killed 5 members of the security forces. Three days before, 7 soldiers and 3 civilians were killed in two other attacks. Since the beginning of the month, another 16 soldiers, 12 civilians and 1 policeman were killed. The attacks took place in Boumerdes Province and close to Saida.[91][92]

2006

  • February 1 – The Algerian daily Liberté reports that spiritual leader Ahmed Abou al-Baraa (real name Ahmed Zarabib) has been killed by Algerian government forces in the mountains near Toudja on January 17.[93]
  • March 30 – Hassan Hattab, a founder of the group, is reported to have called on its remaining members to accept an amnesty offered by the Algerian government.[94]
  • April 7 – Fighters ambushed a government convoy in the desert region of Ghardaïa in Algeria carrying customs agents killing 31 people.[95]
  • April 26 – A suicide bomber attacked the base of the Multinational Forces and Observers at al-Jura wounding two members of the force.[96]
  • June 21 – The Algerian army killed 10 Islamists in Ghzerwal, near Boumerdes.
  • June 26 – The Algerian army killed 19 Islamists in the eastern region of Khenchela, bringing the number of people killed since the start of the latest unrest in Algeria to 53, including 36 suspected Islamists. Among the dead were also 7 soldiers killed on June 21 and 5 civilians killed on June 20.[97]
  • July 20 – Fighters killed 4 government municipal guards near Ain Defla. The attack followed a similar one on July 12 when 5 guards were killed near Tipaza.[98]
  • August 29 – Fighters attacked a checkpoint in El-Kseur in Béjaïa Province, killing 2 policemen and 1 civilian.[99]
  • September 14 – al-Qaeda announced it will join the GSPC in their fight against France. They plan to attack France, the United States, and their allies.[100][101]
  • September 2 – In separate clashes 6 soldiers were killed in the regions of Béjaïa and Medea.[102]
  • October – A series of truck bombs exploded in Algiers killing 3 and wounding 24.[103]
  • November 3 – 15 militants ambushed an army patrol in the Ain Defla region killing 8 soldiers.[104]
  • November 9 – Militants ambushed an army patrol in the Bouira region killing 7 soldiers and wounding 13.[104]
  • December 10 – A bomb tore apart a bus carrying foreign oil workers in Algiers, killing 4 and wounding 18.[103]

2007

Further information: 2007 Algiers bombings (disambiguation), 2007 Dellys bombing, and Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara
  • January – Tunisia said it killed 12 GSPC militants while losing two security men. The militants allegedly planned to attack the U.S. and British embassies in Tunis.[105]
  • January 5 – Fighters killed 18 soldiers in an ambush in the region of Biskra.[106]
  • January 21 – A roadside bomb exploded under an army vehicle near Jijel in eastern Algeria killing a soldier and wounding another 8.[107]
  • January 30 – 5 soldiers and 10 Islamists were killed in fighting in the eastern region of Batna.[108]
  • February 6 – The United States began Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara in partnership with the United Kingdom and a number of partner states in the Sahel region.
  • February 13 – 7 bombs exploded at 7 police stations in the Kabylie region killing 2 policemen and 4 civilians.[103]
  • March 3 – A bomb hits a convoy of Russian pipeline workers between the towns of Médéa and Ain Defla, killing 4 Russians and 7 Algerians.[109]
  • Between March 11 and April 14 – The 2007 Casablanca bombings killed 8.
  • April 7 – 13 soldiers and 19 Islamists were killed in fighting in a wooded area in the Ain Defla Province.[110]
  • April 11 – A suicide attack at the entrance of the Ministry of Interior killed more than 24 people and wounded 300.[111]
  • May 11 – In various incidents 6 Islamists, 1 soldier and 1 policeman were killed near Tizi Ouzou, Saida and Jijel.[112]
  • May 13 – A bomb exploded at a police checkpoint in Constantine, Algeria, killing a policeman and wounding 2.[113]
  • May 14 – 20 militants were killed in clashes near the capital.[114]
  • July 11 – A suicide truck bomber attacked a military barracks near Bouira, killing 10 soldiers and wounding 45.[115][116]
  • September 3 – During clashes in the Tebessa region 5 security forces members and a civilian were killed.[117]
  • September 5 – 7 militants were killed when the army bombed a suspected militant hideout in the Tebessa region.[117]
  • September 12 – A US C-130 plane was attacked by a machine gun emplacement. The plane reached its destination in Mali and nobody was injured.[118] Since the beginning of OEF-TS, 100 AQIM members have been killed by security forces with 261 noncombat fatalities.[119]
  • September 15 – A bomb exploded in front of a police compound in Zemmouri, near Boumerdes, killing 3 people and wounding 5 others.[115]
  • September 22 – A suicide bomber wounded 9 people, including 2 Frenchmen and an Italian, in an attack in Lakhdaria, in the Bouira Province.[116]
  • October 9 – In clashes in Kabylie 3 militants, including the GSPC deputy leader, were killed.[120]
  • October 15 – In fighting in the Tizi Ouzou province 3 militants were killed.[121]
  • November 16 – Algerian forces killed the treasurer of al-Qaeda in Algeria, Abdelhamid Sadaoui, also known as Abou el Haythem, near Tizi Ouzou.[120]
  • December 11 – 2 suicide truck bombers attacked U.N. offices in Algiers, killing 37 people and injuring 171. The United Nations Security Council officially condemned this attack.[122]
  • December 25 – 4 French tourists were killed by gunmen in Mauritania and a fifth seriously injured. The victims were all part of the same family. See 2007 French tourists killing in Mauritania.

2008

  • Al Qaeda's wing in north Africa claimed to have killed 120 Algerian soldiers and wounded 530 in clashes in its eastern stronghold, where the army has launched a campaign against the rebels. In an Internet statement posted on March 8, 2008, the group denied a newspaper report that 25 of its fighters had been killed and played down reports its leader had been surrounded.[123]
  • June 6 – A roadside bomb killed six soldiers and wounded four in Cap Djenat. The bombing came a day after a suicide bomber targeted a military barracks in an eastern Algiers suburb but killed only himself.[124]
  • June 8 – 2 bombs in quick succession rocked a train station in Beni Amrane, about 100 kilometres (60 mi) east of Algiers. The first bomb killed a Frenchman working on a renovation project at the station along with his driver. The second bomb came about five minutes later hitting the first responders and killing 8 soldiers and 3 firefighters.
  • June 11 – A Moroccan court convicted a cell of 29 recruiters and sentenced them to prison.[125]
  • July 2 – Moroccan forces arrested 35 Al Qaeda recruiters.[126]
  • July 14 – A leader of Al-Qaida in Algeria was killed in a security forces raid.
  • August 19 – A suicide car-bomber attacked a police academy in Les Issers as recruits lined up in front of the building, 43 people were killed, only one of them a policeman. This attack was officially condemned by the United Nations Security Council.[127]
  • August 20 – 2 car bombs exploded at a hotel in Bouira killing 11 civilians a day after the car bomb attack in Les Issers.[128]
  • September 15 – 12 Mauritanians were captured and later beheaded in northern Mauritania.[129]

2009

  • January 19 – The bubonic plague infected and killed at least 40 members of AQIM in a training camp.[130]
  • January 22 – Gunmen abducted a Swiss couple, a German woman, and a British man in Niger. In February, Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb claimed to have abducted the four tourists as well as Canadian diplomat Robert Fowler in December.[131] Fowler and three others were released in April while the British man, Edwin Dyer, was executed in June.[132]
  • February 22 – Militants attack a gas installation at the Ziama Mansouriah commune in the coastal province of Jijel, killing 9 security guards in the deadliest strike since August.[133]
  • June 17 – 18 gendarmerie troops and a civilian were killed in an attack on a military convoy near Bordj Bou Arréridj, about 200 kilometres (125 mi) southeast of Algiers. Local sources said that the soldiers were returning after escorting to base a group of Chinese workers building the future motorway intended to cross the whole of the north African country from east to west.[134]
  • July 30 – At least 14 Algerian security guards were killed in an ambush by alleged Islamic fighters.[135]
  • August 9 – 2009 Nouakchott suicide bombing.
  • October 8 – 2 brothers suspected of links to AQIM were arrested in France. One of the two was a CERN researcher.[136]
  • November 26 – Frenchman Pierre Camatte was kidnapped in Ménaka, Mali by al-Qaeda.[137]
  • November 29 – Spanish aid workers Roque Pascual, Albert Vilalta, and Alicia Gamez were kidnapped on a coastal road in Mauritania.[137] Gamez was released in March 2010, while Pascual and Vilalta was released in August 2010.[138]
  • December 19 – An Italian and his wife from Burkina Faso were kidnapped in eastern Mauritania.[139] They were released on April 19, 2010.[140]
  • December 28 – 3 Saudi tourists were killed and 3 others injured in an attack near Djambala, Niger.[141] A fourth Saudi died two days later.[142]

2010

  • January 29 – A bomb exploded at the passage of a freight train loan Timezrit. Nobody was injured.[143]
  • March 8 – At least 5 soldiers were killed close to Niger's border with Mali, in a sunrise ambush in which rebels attacked a convoy with rockets and machine gun fire at an isolated border post.[144]
  • March 21 – 3 militants were killed by security forces near El Ma Labiod, 35 km from Tebessa.
  • March 25 – 2 soldiers were killed and five others wounded in an attack in the city of Kadiria.[145]
  • March 26 – 3 militants were killed while another was captured by security forces in Ait Yahia Moussa, 30 km from Tizi Ouzou.
  • April 1 – A bomb attack against a taxi killed 2 people in Tizi-Ouzou. Another attack against a police patrol resulted in no injuries.[146]
  • April 3 – 7 security officers and a soldier were killed in a double bomb attack in the region of Béjaïa. 2 other soldiers were wounded in the second explosion.[147]
  • April 14 – According to Algerian officials, at least 10 militants were killed since a counter-terrorist operation started in Bordj Bou Arreridj raion. The operation is ongoing. Top militant Abdelmalek Droukdel could be surrounded with other militants, a military spokesman said.
  • April 23 – At least 9 policemen were killed and another was slightly wounded when a bomb exploded in Irraguern (between Béjaïa and Jijel) while they were passing by. No other details have been reported.
  • April 28 – A fierce gunbattle between Algerian army and a group of militants occurred near Tidjellabine (2 km from Boumerdes). It is known that one soldier was killed, but the counter-terrorist operation was still going on according to Algerian officials.
  • May 2 – One militant was killed in a clash with Algerian forces in a forest between Akfadou and Adekar. "He was wearing an old military jacket (...) he was killed on the spot" a military spokesman said. "The counter-terrorist operation is still going on" he added. This heavily forested area is often the scene of clashes between militants from Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM, former GSPC) and Algerian army.
  • May 4 – 3 militants, including the emir of "Takhoukht Jamaat" Zakaria Abdelkahar, were killed by security forces in Draa El Mizen (45 km from Tizi-Ouzou). It was reported that the authorities demanded them to stop their car and to surrender, but they refused and were killed. Several weapons and a large amount of ammunition were discovered in the car. No other details have been reported.
  • May 9 – 2 people including a child were killed in an ambush in Kabylie. Another person is missing.[148]
  • June 7 – 2 people were killed and a third critically injured in a bomb attack near Derguina.[149]
  • June 11 – A suicide car bomb directed by a suicide bomber against a fixed barrier of the gendarmerie in Ammal resulted in 8 dead, including 3 policemen, four civilians and a Chinese national. Thus a score of wounded including 10 policemen and 10 civilians. At least three terrorists were killed during the violent clash that occurred after the blast.[150]
  • June 24 – 5 people were killed and one wounded by gunfire during a wedding at douar Ghrab near Tébessa.[151]
  • July 1 – 11 policemen were killed in an ambush in the city of Tinzaouatine. This attack was claimed by AQIM.[152]
  • July 4 – 3 policemen killed by a bomb on a road near Jijel by suspected Islamists.[153]
  • July 14 – 4 soldiers were killed and 13 others wounded in several bomb attacks.[154]
  • July 25 – Six militants were killed in a Franco-Mauritanian raid against a camp of Al-qaeda in Mali to try to free the hostage Michel Germaneau. At the same time one person was killed and 10 wounded in a suicide attack against a police brigade in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria.[155][156]
  • July 26 – A few days after AQIM claimed he was executed in reprisal against the French-Mauritanian raid, the French president confirms the death of 78-year-old French volunteer aid worker Michel Germaneau, who had been kidnapped on April 21.[157] It cannot be ruled out that he died as a result of running out of heart drugs.[158]
  • August 7 – The mayor of the town of Baghlia, Mohammed Idir, was murdered when he went to the mosque.[159]
  • August 20 – An attack against a military convoy near Baghlia killed 13 people and injured at least two.[160]
  • August 22 – A former terrorist was assassinated by bullets in the town of Baghlia in Algeria.[161]
  • August 24 – An attempted suicide attack wounded 7 in Mauritania. The bomber's vehicle exploded before reaching its target, a military barracks in Néma.[162]
  • August 30 – A suicide car bomb against a military convoy left 3 dead and at least 20 wounded in the town of Zemmouri in Kabylie.[163]
  • September 16 – Gunmen abduct five Frenchmen, a Togolese, and a Malagasy from a uranium mine in northern Niger.[164]
  • September 18 – A battle between Mauritanian army and members of Al-Qaeda killed at least 6 members of the army and 12 militants.[165]
  • October 3 – Five soldiers were killed and ten others injured in a bomb attack against their convoy in Zekri, a town of Kabylie, during a search operation.[166]
  • October 12 – A departmental head in public works, his two collaborators and two contractors were killed in a bomb attack in Tlidjene.[167]
  • October 25 – 1 soldier was killed and four others wounded by a bomb explosion in the passage their patrol in the Boumerdes region.[168]

2011

  • January 4 – An attack against the embassy of France in Mali's capital Bamako resulting in 1 injuries. This is the first such attack on Malian territory.[169]
  • January 7 – Two French citizens were kidnapped in Niamey, Niger and died in Mali while French troops were attempting to rescue them.[170] AQIM declared on 15 January that it had executed one of them while the other one was killed by the French military.[171] A post-mortem examination established that one of them received a direct shot, while the other one was killed by the "thermal effects of fire".[171]
  • January 29 – A member of the municipal guard was killed and three others wounded in an attack against the headquarters of the communal guard in the southwest of Tizi Ouzou.[172]
  • February 3 – The Mauritanian army has detonated a vehicle filled with explosives 12 km south of Nouakchott killing its three passengers and wounding eight soldiers. The attack was to assassinate the President of Mauritania Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. That attack was claimed by AQIM.[173]
  • March 9 – An attack near Djelfa left 5 dead, in what appeared to be a response to the death of Abou Tourab, a leader of AQIM.[174]
  • April 17 – 20 Algerian soldiers were killed and twenty-two injured in three attacks claimed by Al Qaeda. Eleven militants were also killed.[175][176][177]
  • April 28 – 2011 Marrakesh bombing. A remote controlled bomb explode in Argana café, on Jemaa el-Fnaa square. Amongst the dead are 7 French national, 2 Canadians and a Dutch.
  • April 29 – The explosion of a bomb in the town of Oued Djemaa has killed five communal guards who went to their place of work.[178]
  • May 6 – A bomb that exploded at the passage of a military convoy killed five soldiers and wounded five other in a region of Jijel. Since April 15 and the address to the nation of Abdelaziz Bouteflika there were fifty deaths in Islamist attacks.[179]
  • May 4 – Four policemen were killed in a bomb attack on the road between Tizi-Ouzou, the main town of Kabylie, in Algiers the capital of the country.[180]
  • May 6 – Three soldiers were killed and two others wounded by gunmen in the region of Jijel. One was initially killed by firing a gun, the others were killed by a bomb attack.[181]
  • May 12 – Seven soldiers were killed and three terrorists killed in an attack against a military outpost in the region of Jijel, Algeria. An eighth member is missing and two were wounded in the attack with machine guns and Assault rifles, perpetrated in Tizrarane.[182]
  • July 5 – Al-Qaida claims to have attacked a Mauritanian army base in Mali claiming to have killed 20 soldiers and destroyed 12 vehicles. they also say he lost two of their men. The Mauritanian army for its part says it killed 15 militants and lost two men.[183]
  • July 16 – Four people were killed and twenty injured in attacks, including two attacks by suicide bombers in the east of Algiers. In addition near the Tunisian border, two gunmen were killed.[184]
  • August 14 – A suicide bombing against a police station injured more than 30 in the city of Tizi Ouzou, Similarly, two people were killed in a double bomb attack targeting a police station in Bordj Menaiel.[185]
  • August 17 – A soldier was killed and five injured in a bomb attack in the town of Thenia.[185]
  • August 22 – A soldier was killed and two others wounded in the explosion of a roadside bomb in Taourga. In addition, two officers from the Hasnaoui were murdered and a young civilian was hit by bullets.[186]
  • August 24 – One militant was wounded and policemen recovered two Kalashnikovs in a clash near Tizi-Ouzou.[187]
  • August 27 – A suicide attack against the Military Academy Cherchell, a hundred kilometers west of Algiers, killed 18 people, 16 officers and two civilians and wounded 20 others. The attack occurred less than ten minutes after breaking the fast of Ramadan.[188]
  • September 27 – 5 men suspected of funding AQIM were arrested by Spanish police. Since 2004, over 400 suspected AQIM members have been arrested by Spain.[189]
  • October 23 – Two Spaniards and an Italian were abducted near Tindouf in western Algeria. The Spaniards were identified as Ainhoa Fernandez de Rincon, a pro-Sahrawi activist, and Enric Gonyalons, a member of the Basque non-profit group Mundubat. The Italian was named as Rossella Urru from Rome-based Comitato Italiano Sviluppo dei Popoli. The three were freed on July 18, 2012.[190]
  • November 23 – Gunmen kidnapped two French workers in Hombori, Mali.[190]
  • November 25 – Gunmen killed a German tourist and kidnapped a Swede, a Dutchman and a British/South African in Timbuktu, Mali.[190][191]

2012

2013

2014

  • April 19 – AQIM militants killed eleven soldiers in the Tizi Ouzou region of Algeria, east of Algiers. It was one of the deadliest attacks on the Algerian military in several years.
  • September 14 – Jund al-Khilafah leader Khaled Abu-Suleiman announces the group's split from al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and pledges allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
  • September 21 – Hervé Gourdel is abducted by Jund al-Khilafah in the Djurdjura National Park in Algeria.
  • September 22 – Jund al-Khilafah releases a video showing Hervé Gourdel being held captive. The group stated that the kidnapping was in response to France conducting Airstrikes against "Islamic State" and threatened to behead him if France continued to carry out airstrikes against ISIL.
  • September 24 – The group releases a video purporting to show the beheading of Hervé Gourdel. The militants shown stated that the beheading was in response to the order of ISIL spokesman Abu Mohammed al-Adnani, in which he called on followers to attack citizens of member nations of the anti-ISIL coalition.
  • October – One of the Jund al-Khilafah militants responsible for the beheading of Hervé Gourdel was killed in an Algerian military operation in October.[192]
  • December 11 – The Algerian justice ministry states that Algerian soldiers had killed two Jund al-Khilafah members believed to have been involved in the murder of Hervé Gourdel.[193]
  • December 20 – Algerian soldiers kill three Jund al-Khilafah members in the mountains near Sidi Daoud.[193]
  • December 22 – Jund al-Khilafah leader Abdelmalek Gouri and two other militants were killed by the Algerian army in a military operation in Issers. Afterwards, troops recovered two automatic rifles, explosive belts, and a large amount of ammunition and mobile phones.[193]

2015

  • March 19 – The Bardo National Museum attack in Tunis killed 21, mostly foreign tourists.[194]
  • March 28 – Tunisian Special Forces killed Khaled Chaieb, leader of Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade along with 8 more militants in Sidi Aïch, Gafsa Governorate south west of Tunisia.[195]
  • April 28 – The Algerian military killed 5 Jund al-Khilafah militants, in an ambush in the region of Tizi Ouzou, east of Algiers.[196]
  • May 20 – Algerian security forces ambushed a Jund al-Khilafah meeting east of Algiers, killing at least 21 fighters and capturing two others.[197]
  • June 26 – The Sousse attacks at the resort at Port El Kantaoui killed 39 European tourists, mostly British citizens.[198]
  • July 17 – At least 9 Algerian soldiers were killed in an ambush by AQIM militants in the south of Aïn Defla province, southwest of Algiers.[199][200]
  • November 25 – ISIS has claimed responsibility for bombing a bus carrying members of Tunisia's presidential guard killing 12.[201]

2016

  • January 4 – 7 Libyan guards were killed and 25 wounded at the oil port of Es Sider.[202]
  • January 7 – 47–70 People are killed and dozens more injured when explosions were set off at a Libyan Coast Guard training camp in the city of Zliten.[203]
  • February 20 – Jund al-Khilafah claimed to have killed three Algerian soldiers in Mount Shakshut in Bouira in late February. This claim was denied by the Algerian government.[204]
  • March 7 – Morocco's Interior Ministry says it dismantled a five-member ISIS group cell planning to detonate explosives in crowded public spaces.[205] Also 43 militants, one soldier and four citizens they killed and six militants arrested after ISIL in Libya Jihadists attacked a border town in Libya-Tunisia border.[64][206][207][208]
  • March 9 – 10 militants and 1 soldier killed in the ongoing raid of Libyan-Tunisian border.[209] Also, the African Union confirmed that will send a mission to northern Mali in the next of the months to look into setting up a counter-terrorism force to support vulnerable U.N. peacekeepers.[210][211]
  • March 10 Three ISIL fighters are killed in Libya-Tunisia border during ongoing classes.[212]
  • March 18 – A gas facility in the Algerian desert has been attacked by AQIM, though no one was hurt, Norwegian oil giant Statoil has said.[213][214]
  • March 24 – Morocco captured 9 ISIL in Libya operatives inside the Moroccan territory.[215]
  • March 28 – 18 Algerian soldiers killed in an airplane crash in the Tamanrasset region. It is unknown if the crash was because of terrorist attack or a technical problem.[216]
  • March 31 – AQIM in Tunisia, has claimed an attack on Tunisian border guards near the town of Bouchebka on the Algerian border, wounding some soldiers.[217] A Mali intelligence spokesman says special forces have arrested a jihadi leader close to Islamic extremist group Ansar Dine in southern Mali.[218]
  • April 5 – 4 AQIM soldiers killed in Algeria near the Tunisian border.[219]
  • April 18 – Spanish police said they had detained a Moroccan man in the Mediterranean island resort of Palma de Mallorca suspected of recruiting militants for ISIS.[220]
  • April 29 – Algerian government said that it killed five AQIM fighters in two separate raid in eastern Algeria.[221][222]
  • May 6 – Tunisian forces capture 9 AQIM militants in the Tunisian countryside.[223]
  • May 7 – Brother of Abdelhamid Abaaoud jailed by Morocco court over terrorist accusations.[224]
  • May 11 – Two suspected ISIL members killed along with four Tunisian soldiers after a raid on Tunisian capital.[225]
  • August 29 – In Atlas Mountains nearby Algeria 3 Tunisian soldiers were killed and 7 others wounded by AQIM militants[226]
  • October 9 – In Tamalous, Algeria ISIS militants detonated an explosive device adjacent to the army convoy as it passed near Tamalous town in northeastern Algeria. It was not immediately clear whether the explosion caused any casualties.[227]
  • October 28 – A police officer was killed by three assailants while eating in a restaurant in the Constantine District in Constantine Province, around 390 kilometres (240 mi) east of Algiers. Islamic State claims responsibility for the attack.[228]
  • November 5: A Tunisian soldier has been killed in his home in Governorate Kasserine, Tunisia by extremists.[229]
  • December 2 – Several women committed suicide bombings that killed four Libyan soldiers and two other women. The victims had previously granted them safe passage to leave buildings under the control of Islamic State militants in Sirte, Libya.[230]
  • December 5 – Terrorists launched two suicide vehicles towards army lines. 9 soldiers were killed in Benghazi, Libya .[231]
  • December 7 – Terrorists launched a "double-tap" car bombing outside the Benghazi headquarters of Saiqa Special Force. The two blasts appear to have killed nobody outright but left 22 people injured.[232]
  • December 18 – At least seven people were killed and eight wounded when a suicide bomber targeted forces loyal to Libya's eastern government in Benghazi.[233]

2017

  • January 1 – A bomb killed a child and injured 7 others in Blida, Algeria.[234]
  • January 20 – A car bomb exploded on Friday near a mosque in Libya's second city of Benghazi, killing one person and wounding 13 people including a former interior minister, medical and security sources said.[235]
  • January 21 – A car bomb exploded in Tripoli. The blast, which left at least two people dead, struck near the recently re-opened Italian embassy.[236]
  • February 26 – Police killed a suicide bomber heading for their commissariat in Constantine, Algeria. The explosion of the explosive belt caused two wounded.[237]
  • March 12 – A police officer and two militants were killed in a shootout at a checkpoint in southern Tunisia that left three other officers injured.[238]
  • May 7 – Two fighters from Third Force of Libya were killed and three others were wounded in an IS attack.[239]
  • May 18 – Brak al-Shati Airbase raid: At least 141 soldiers and civilians were killed in an attack in Southern Libya.[240]
  • May 19 – The head of eastern Libya's largest tribe and other man were killed on Friday when a car bomb exploded outside a mosque on the outskirts of Benghazi, according to a Libyan security official.[241]

2018

  • January 20 – A Tunisian special operations unit ambushed and killed two commanders of Okba Ibn Nafaa, AQIM's Tunisia branch, in the mountains outside Sbeitla, near the Algerian border. Tunisian authorities identified the men as Bilel Kobbi and Bechir Ben Neji.[242]
  • January 26 – Algerian special forces killed eight AQIM commanders in the rugged mountainous area of Chechar in the eastern region of Khenchela. The men were said to have been en route to meet other jihadist leaders, including AQIM leader Abdelmalek Droukdel.[243]

2019

  • July 14 – Five people were arrested by the Algerian army during counterterrorist raids in Batna. Those arrested were accused of plotting attacks on the recent protests in the country.[244]
  • October 14 – An Islamist stabbed to death a French tourist while wounding a Tunisian soldier in Bizerte, Tunisia.[245]
  • October 20 – A leader of AQIM's Tunisian branch Okba Ibn Nafa'a was killed in the Kasserine region of Tunisia, on the border with Algeria.[246]

2020

  • February 9 – A suicide car bomb attack in Timiaouine, Algeria, left one Algerian soldier dead.[247]
  • March 6 – Two militants on a motorbike blew themselves up outside the US embassy in Tunisia, killing a policeman and injuring five more.[248]
  • June 21 – A security operation in Algeria's central region of Aïn Defla left one Algerian soldier dead following an ambush.[249]
  • June 27 – A bomb exploded during a sweep operation by the Algerian military in Médéa Province, south of Algiers, killing two soldiers, including an officer.[250]
  • December 17 – Algerian authorities captured Rezkane Ahcene, known as 'Abu Dahdah', who joined terrorist groups in 1994, in Jijel Province.[251]

2021

  • January 2 – Two Algerian military personnel and four militants were killed in a clash in Tipaza province.[252]
  • January 8 – Tunisian authorities arrested five members including a senior leader from the Okba Ibn Nafaa brigade, part of al Qaeda.[253]
  • January 14 – Five civilians were killed in the Telidjane district, Algeria when their car was hit with an IED and destroyed.[254]
  • February 3 – Four Tunisian soldiers were killed when their vehicle hit a landmine near Mount Mghila on the Algerian border.[255]

See also

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January 04, 2023
insurgency, maghreb, 2002, present, this, article, needs, updated, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, august, 2022, insurgency, maghreb, refers, islamist, insurgency, maghreb, region, north, africa, tha. This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information August 2022 The insurgency in the Maghreb refers to the Islamist insurgency in the Maghreb region of North Africa that followed on from the end of the Algerian Civil War in 2002 to the present day 44 The Algerian militant group Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat GSPC allied itself with al Qaeda to eventually become al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb AQIM 45 The Algerian and other Maghreb governments fighting the militants have worked with the United States and the United Kingdom since 2007 when Operation Enduring Freedom Trans Sahara began 5 46 While the 2011 Arab Spring affected support for the insurgency it also presented military opportunities for the jihadists 17 45 47 48 49 In 2012 AQIM and Islamist allies captured the northern half of Mali until being fought back less than a year later following a French led foreign intervention which was succeeded by the Sahel wide Operation Barkhane 2 17 In Libya the ISIL ISIS IS Daesh was able to control some limited territory during the Second Libyan Civil War amid allegations of local collaboration between the rival AQIM and ISIL 50 17 51 Islamist insurgency in the MaghrebPart of the War on terrorMap showing GSPC area of operations pink member states of the Pan Sahel Initiative dark blue and members of the Trans Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative dark and light blue Date11 April 2002 present 20 years 8 months LocationMaghreb Sahara desert 2 StatusOngoing Insurgency in Algeria spreads through the Maghreb and in the Sahel US led Operation Enduring Freedom Trans Sahara initiated in 2007 Islamists capture northern Mali in 2012 engaging in a civil war Chaambi Operations and IS insurgency in Tunisia IS captures territory in the Second Libyan Civil War largely fought back by 2016Belligerents Algeria Mali Niger Mauritania Tunisia Libya Morocco 1 International Missions MINUSMA 2 from 2013 AFISMA 3 from 2013 EUTM Mali Supported by France 4 United States AFRICOM 2 5 6 United Kingdom 5 7 8 Sweden 9 Netherlands 10 Germany 5 Denmark 11 Czech Republic 12 Russia 13 Al Qaeda AQIM from 2007 Ansar al Sharia Tunisia from 2011 14 Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade 2012 14 15 GSPC until 2007 Ansar al Sharia Libya 2012 17 Salafia Jihadia 1 ISIL from 2014 Libyan Provinces Wilayat al Jazair Greater Sahara Province Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade from 2014 16 Commanders and leadersShow list Abdelmadjid Tebboune from 2019 Aymen Benabderrahmane from 2021 Mohamed Ould Ghazouani from 2019 Mohamed Ould Bilal from 2020 Kais Saied from 2019 Najla Bouden from 2021 Mohamed al Menfi from 2021 Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh from 2021 Assimi Goita from 2021 Choguel Kokalla Maiga from 2021 Mohamed Bazoum from 2021 Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou from 2021 Mahamat Deby Itno from 2021 Emmanuel Macron from 2017 Jean Castex from 2020 King Mohammed VIAziz Akhannouch from 2021 Joe Biden from 2021 Amari Saifi POW Nabil Sahraoui Abdelmalek Droukdel Abu Ubaidah Yusef al Annabi Abdelhamid Abou Zeid 17 Mokhtar Belmokhtar Ahmed al Tilemsi 18 Seifallah Ben Hassine Mohamed al Zahawi Abu Bakr al Baghdadi Leader of ISIL Abu Nabil al Anbari Adnan Abu Walid al Sahrawi StrengthTotal armed forces unless specified Algeria 520 000 Mauritania 15 870 Tunisia 45 000 6 000 deployed in Chaambi 19 Libya 35 000 France 5 100 deployed in the Sahel 20 21 Supported by United States 1 325 advisors trainers 22 23 AQIM former GSPC 1 000 2 24 25 4 000 26 Ansar al Sharia Tunisia 1 000 27 Ansar al Sharia Libya 5 000 28 Salafia Jihadia 700 29 ISIL Libyan Provinces 5 000 30 31 32 10 000 33 Wilayat al Jazair lt 30 34 35 Casualties and lossesMajor conflict casualties 2002 1 100 killed in Algeria 36 37 38 2003 1 162 killed in Algeria 39 2004 429 killed in Algeria 39 2005 488 killed in Algeria 39 2006 323 killed in Algeria 39 Algeria 3 502 total killed 2002 06 Libya 10 071 killed 2014 18 40 41 42 20 000 wounded as of May 2015 43 Contents 1 Background 2 Overview 2 1 Insurgency in Algeria 2 2 Broadening of conflict 2 3 Mauritania 2 4 Tunisia 2 5 Libyan Civil War 2 6 Mali conflict and Sahel spillover 3 Timeline of events 3 1 2002 3 2 2003 3 3 2004 3 4 2005 3 5 2006 3 6 2007 3 7 2008 3 8 2009 3 9 2010 3 10 2011 3 11 2012 3 12 2013 3 13 2014 3 14 2015 3 15 2016 3 16 2017 3 17 2018 3 18 2019 3 19 2020 3 20 2021 4 See also 5 ReferencesBackground EditMain article Algerian Civil War With the decline of the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria GIA the GSPC was left as the most active rebel group with about 300 fighters in 2003 52 It continued an assassination campaign of police and army personnel in its area and also managed to expand into the Sahara where its southern division led by Amari Saifi nicknamed Abderrezak el Para the paratrooper kidnapped a number of German tourists in 2003 before being forced to flee to sparsely populated areas of Mali and later Niger and Chad where he was captured Some believe that el Para actually works for the Algerian government By late 2003 the group s founder had been supplanted by the even more radical Nabil Sahraoui who announced his open support for al Qaeda thus strengthening government ties between the U S and Algeria He was reportedly killed shortly afterwards and was succeeded by Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud in 2004 53 The GSPC has declared its intention to attack Algerian French and American targets It has been designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the U S Department of State and similarly classed as a terrorist organization by the European Union Overview EditInsurgency in Algeria Edit The conflict with the GSPC continued to result in a significant number of casualties in Algeria with over 1 100 killed in clashes with Islamist rebels in 2002 36 37 38 In 2003 a total 1 162 were killed in clashes in Algeria followed by 429 killed in 2004 488 killed in 2005 and 323 killed in 2006 39 In early 2006 the head of the Algerian national police claimed that terrorism had nearly been eliminated in the country but significant attacks continued 39 and 2007 would eventually mark a height of suicide bombings and terrorist attacks in Algeria 2 Broadening of conflict Edit In order to improve recruiting and funding the GSPC aligned itself with al Qaeda and on 11 September 2006 al Qaeda leader Ayman al Zawahiri announced a union between the groups 2 The GSPC rebranded itself as al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb AQIM in January 2007 signaling the broadened aspirations of the group 2 The group now aimed to overthrow all North African governments deemed apostate including those of Algeria Libya Mali Mauritania Morocco and Tunisia 2 Operations were shifted into two broader sectors Northern Algeria and Tunisia allocated a central emirate and northern Mali Niger Mauritania and Libya a Sahara emirate led by Djamel Okacha 54 The strategic leadership of AQIM continued to be headquartered in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of the Algerian capital Algiers headed by a 14 member Shura council leadership 54 As the Algerian counterterrorism campaign became largely successful in pushing AQIM out of the country the group established new bases in Sahel countries such as Niger Mauritania Chad and Mali 2 Attacks against government and military installations were frequently underreported by Western media 54 In 2007 the United States and United Kingdom launched the Operation Enduring Freedom Trans Sahara in support of governments in the region 5 46 Frequent kidnappings of foreigners in 2008 led the Dakar Rally to be cancelled and permanently moved to South America 54 Mauritania Edit In the earliest major attack as direct spillover of the Algerian conflict the Mauritanian army base at Lemgheity was attacked by the GSPC in June 2005 killing 17 soldiers and nine jihadists and wounding another 17 54 55 The attack in part led to a coup d etat in October 2005 by Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz who made a campaign against jihadists a major part of his rule 55 Attacks continued in Mauritania until it was largely successful in thwarting attacks since 2011 following a major military boost and political openings for Islamists 55 AQIM has however continued to remain active in the eastern border regions with Mali with active support systems for logistics and information 56 A lack of military resources often due to turmoil and having little population in a very large country caused Mauritania to rely on support from France Morocco and Algeria in order to defeat the AQIM Tunisia Edit In December 2006 and again in January 2007 Tunisian security forces engaged in clashes with a group linked to the GSPC that had established training camps in mountainous areas near the capital Tunis killing more than a dozen people 57 58 59 According to French daily Le Parisien at least 60 people were killed in the clashes 60 The clashes were the most serious terrorist activity in Tunisia since the Ghriba synagogue bombing in 2002 60 Starting in 2012 AQIM along with Ansar al Sharia and the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade active in the mountainous Jebel ech Chambi region outside Kasserine near the Algeria Tunisia border have been targeted by the Tunisian Army in the Chaambi Operations 15 61 In 2014 Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade militants attacked two Tunisian military checkpoints killing fourteen Tunisian soldiers and injuring twenty five in what was the deadliest military skirmish in Tunisia since its independence in 1956 62 63 Since 2015 Tunisia has simultaneously been targeted by an ISIL terrorist campaign In March 2016 over 50 militants were killed when ISIL attempted to seize Ben Guerdane near the Libya Tunisia border 64 Libyan Civil War Edit Since the Libyan Civil War in 2011 south western Libya has offered sanctuaries to AQIM which has dispatched cells to be established in the region 54 On 11 September 2012 members of Ansar al Sharia and AQIM were responsible for coordinated attacks against two United States government facilities in Benghazi and Ansar al Sharia was later involved in clashes in Benghazi in 2013 Drawing defectors from AQIM 65 the rival Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIL was later able to control some limited territory in the north in the renewed civil war from 2014 After initial official support from AQIM allegations have continued of local collaboration between the otherwise rivalling groups 50 17 51 After being pushed out of Derna the remaining ISIL stronghold of Sirte was captured in late 2016 Al Qaeda affiliated Islamists led by Ansar al Sharia have at the same time continued to exert control in other places Mali conflict and Sahel spillover Edit Main articles Mali War and Islamist insurgency in the Sahel The fullest extent of rebel held territory in January 2013 before it was re taken by Malian and French forces In 2012 Malian President Amadou Toumani Toure was ousted in a coup d etat over his handling of the Tuareg rebellion The AQIM and allied Islamist groups Ansar Dine and Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa MOJWA were able to capture the northern half of Mali after effectively overrunning the state of Azawad led by former Tuareg fighters from the Libyan Civil War 2 After Ansar Dine attempted a push into the south of the country Mali requested France to launch a military intervention in January 2013 which successfully pushed rebels out The military intervention was followed by an ongoing Sahel wide French led military operation with around 4 000 French soldiers actively deployed 2 17 54 Small pockets of armed Islamists have remained active in northern Mali 2 66 and attacks have continued against the UN peacekeeping mission MINUSMA which has become one of the UN s deadliest international missions 54 Timeline of events Edit2002 Edit Algerian Civil War with the GIA is considered to have ended in February 2002 GSPC continues insurgency April 11 Ghriba synagogue bombing killed 22 14 German tourists 5 Tunisians and 2 French nationals and the suicide bomber May 5 15 government soldiers are killed in an ambush near Tizi Ouzou in the Kabylie region of northern Algeria About 50 members of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat GSPC were blamed for the assault 67 June 23 Militants killed 6 civilians in an attack on youths playing football near a bus station in Zeralda in suburban Algiers 68 July 17 Militants killed 7 civilians in Ouled Allal Bouira Province Bringing the death toll of the previous three days to 22 69 September 13 Militants killed 11 civilians on a road in Ain Defla Province northern Algeria The previous month according to a toll compiled from press reports and official accounts an estimated 140 people were killed in extremist violence bringing the number of people who had been killed since the beginning of the year to 1 070 38 September 19 15 people are reported to have been arrested in Kabylie under suspicion of providing money and logistical help to the GSPC 70 October 2 Militants killed 13 civilians in a remote village in Ain Defla Province western Algeria 71 2003 Edit January 6 Militants ambushed a military convoy in north east Algeria killing 43 soldiers and wounding 19 others Also militants attacked families near the capital Algiers killing 13 people 72 Between February 22 and March 24 The Free Salafist Group GSL a splinter group of the GSPC led by Amari Saifi Abderrazak El Para allegedly captures 32 European tourists in southern Algeria On May 13 17 hostages are released and 2 militants are killed in a gun battle in the Algerian desert The remaining fighters with 15 hostages flee to northern Mali After receiving a purported 5 million ransom paid by the German government 73 the GSL GSPC releases the 14 remaining hostages on August 19 74 The fifteenth hostage a German died of heat exhaustion 75 May 16 2003 Casablanca bombings killed 45 including 12 suicide bombers September Nabil Sahraoui was reported to have replaced Hassan Hattab as leader of the GSPC but other media reports have denied that any change has taken place 76 November 27 In Messad Djelfa Province Algeria a well known poet and member of the extended Royal Saudi family was killed and 4 others were injured in an apparent terrorist attack according to press reports 77 2004 Edit May 2 It was reported that in the previous two days 7 members of the security forces 6 civilians and 2 militants were killed in several locations near Algiers and in the provinces of Medea Bouira and Relizane 78 May 18 2 bombs exploded killing 2 soldiers and wounding 13 people including 4 soldiers in Setif in eastern Algeria 79 June 2 Fighters ambushed an Algerian military convoy in Bejaia in eastern Algeria killing 10 soldiers and wounding 45 others 80 June 28 The army killed three Islamic extremists in a raid near the capital Algiers 81 September 20 Militants killed 4 people at a roadblock they set up near Kalous in Bouira Province 82 September 29 Militants attacked a civil defense post near the city of Ain Defla killing 6 members of the civil defense force 83 October 22 Militants attacked a vehicle near Medea carrying fans to a football match in the capital Algiers killing 16 people 84 2005 Edit April 9 Militants killed 14 people at a mock roadblock near Algier In addition another 36 people including 15 security force members have been killed since the start of March 85 May 15 Fighters ambushed an army convoy in the region of Khenchela killing 12 soldiers 86 June 13 An explosive device kills 3 soldiers and 3 civilians west of Tipaza 87 June 18 An explosive device killed a policeman during a police raid in El Djer 88 June 23 An explosive device kills 11 policeman on the road linking Azzefoune and Aghrib in the province of Tizi Ouzou 89 July 18 Islamist militants killed 5 policemen in an ambush in Ain Defla in western Algeria 90 September 25 Militants killed 5 members of the security forces Three days before 7 soldiers and 3 civilians were killed in two other attacks Since the beginning of the month another 16 soldiers 12 civilians and 1 policeman were killed The attacks took place in Boumerdes Province and close to Saida 91 92 2006 Edit February 1 The Algerian daily Liberte reports that spiritual leader Ahmed Abou al Baraa real name Ahmed Zarabib has been killed by Algerian government forces in the mountains near Toudja on January 17 93 March 30 Hassan Hattab a founder of the group is reported to have called on its remaining members to accept an amnesty offered by the Algerian government 94 April 7 Fighters ambushed a government convoy in the desert region of Ghardaia in Algeria carrying customs agents killing 31 people 95 April 26 A suicide bomber attacked the base of the Multinational Forces and Observers at al Jura wounding two members of the force 96 June 21 The Algerian army killed 10 Islamists in Ghzerwal near Boumerdes June 26 The Algerian army killed 19 Islamists in the eastern region of Khenchela bringing the number of people killed since the start of the latest unrest in Algeria to 53 including 36 suspected Islamists Among the dead were also 7 soldiers killed on June 21 and 5 civilians killed on June 20 97 July 20 Fighters killed 4 government municipal guards near Ain Defla The attack followed a similar one on July 12 when 5 guards were killed near Tipaza 98 August 29 Fighters attacked a checkpoint in El Kseur in Bejaia Province killing 2 policemen and 1 civilian 99 September 14 al Qaeda announced it will join the GSPC in their fight against France They plan to attack France the United States and their allies 100 101 September 2 In separate clashes 6 soldiers were killed in the regions of Bejaia and Medea 102 October A series of truck bombs exploded in Algiers killing 3 and wounding 24 103 November 3 15 militants ambushed an army patrol in the Ain Defla region killing 8 soldiers 104 November 9 Militants ambushed an army patrol in the Bouira region killing 7 soldiers and wounding 13 104 December 10 A bomb tore apart a bus carrying foreign oil workers in Algiers killing 4 and wounding 18 103 2007 Edit Further information 2007 Algiers bombings disambiguation 2007 Dellys bombing and Operation Enduring Freedom Trans Sahara January Tunisia said it killed 12 GSPC militants while losing two security men The militants allegedly planned to attack the U S and British embassies in Tunis 105 January 5 Fighters killed 18 soldiers in an ambush in the region of Biskra 106 January 21 A roadside bomb exploded under an army vehicle near Jijel in eastern Algeria killing a soldier and wounding another 8 107 January 30 5 soldiers and 10 Islamists were killed in fighting in the eastern region of Batna 108 February 6 The United States began Operation Enduring Freedom Trans Sahara in partnership with the United Kingdom and a number of partner states in the Sahel region February 13 7 bombs exploded at 7 police stations in the Kabylie region killing 2 policemen and 4 civilians 103 March 3 A bomb hits a convoy of Russian pipeline workers between the towns of Medea and Ain Defla killing 4 Russians and 7 Algerians 109 Between March 11 and April 14 The 2007 Casablanca bombings killed 8 April 7 13 soldiers and 19 Islamists were killed in fighting in a wooded area in the Ain Defla Province 110 April 11 A suicide attack at the entrance of the Ministry of Interior killed more than 24 people and wounded 300 111 May 11 In various incidents 6 Islamists 1 soldier and 1 policeman were killed near Tizi Ouzou Saida and Jijel 112 May 13 A bomb exploded at a police checkpoint in Constantine Algeria killing a policeman and wounding 2 113 May 14 20 militants were killed in clashes near the capital 114 July 11 A suicide truck bomber attacked a military barracks near Bouira killing 10 soldiers and wounding 45 115 116 September 3 During clashes in the Tebessa region 5 security forces members and a civilian were killed 117 September 5 7 militants were killed when the army bombed a suspected militant hideout in the Tebessa region 117 September 12 A US C 130 plane was attacked by a machine gun emplacement The plane reached its destination in Mali and nobody was injured 118 Since the beginning of OEF TS 100 AQIM members have been killed by security forces with 261 noncombat fatalities 119 September 15 A bomb exploded in front of a police compound in Zemmouri near Boumerdes killing 3 people and wounding 5 others 115 September 22 A suicide bomber wounded 9 people including 2 Frenchmen and an Italian in an attack in Lakhdaria in the Bouira Province 116 October 9 In clashes in Kabylie 3 militants including the GSPC deputy leader were killed 120 October 15 In fighting in the Tizi Ouzou province 3 militants were killed 121 November 16 Algerian forces killed the treasurer of al Qaeda in Algeria Abdelhamid Sadaoui also known as Abou el Haythem near Tizi Ouzou 120 December 11 2 suicide truck bombers attacked U N offices in Algiers killing 37 people and injuring 171 The United Nations Security Council officially condemned this attack 122 December 25 4 French tourists were killed by gunmen in Mauritania and a fifth seriously injured The victims were all part of the same family See 2007 French tourists killing in Mauritania 2008 Edit Al Qaeda s wing in north Africa claimed to have killed 120 Algerian soldiers and wounded 530 in clashes in its eastern stronghold where the army has launched a campaign against the rebels In an Internet statement posted on March 8 2008 the group denied a newspaper report that 25 of its fighters had been killed and played down reports its leader had been surrounded 123 June 6 A roadside bomb killed six soldiers and wounded four in Cap Djenat The bombing came a day after a suicide bomber targeted a military barracks in an eastern Algiers suburb but killed only himself 124 June 8 2 bombs in quick succession rocked a train station in Beni Amrane about 100 kilometres 60 mi east of Algiers The first bomb killed a Frenchman working on a renovation project at the station along with his driver The second bomb came about five minutes later hitting the first responders and killing 8 soldiers and 3 firefighters June 11 A Moroccan court convicted a cell of 29 recruiters and sentenced them to prison 125 July 2 Moroccan forces arrested 35 Al Qaeda recruiters 126 July 14 A leader of Al Qaida in Algeria was killed in a security forces raid August 19 A suicide car bomber attacked a police academy in Les Issers as recruits lined up in front of the building 43 people were killed only one of them a policeman This attack was officially condemned by the United Nations Security Council 127 August 20 2 car bombs exploded at a hotel in Bouira killing 11 civilians a day after the car bomb attack in Les Issers 128 September 15 12 Mauritanians were captured and later beheaded in northern Mauritania 129 2009 Edit January 19 The bubonic plague infected and killed at least 40 members of AQIM in a training camp 130 January 22 Gunmen abducted a Swiss couple a German woman and a British man in Niger In February Al Qaeda in the Maghreb claimed to have abducted the four tourists as well as Canadian diplomat Robert Fowler in December 131 Fowler and three others were released in April while the British man Edwin Dyer was executed in June 132 February 22 Militants attack a gas installation at the Ziama Mansouriah commune in the coastal province of Jijel killing 9 security guards in the deadliest strike since August 133 June 17 18 gendarmerie troops and a civilian were killed in an attack on a military convoy near Bordj Bou Arreridj about 200 kilometres 125 mi southeast of Algiers Local sources said that the soldiers were returning after escorting to base a group of Chinese workers building the future motorway intended to cross the whole of the north African country from east to west 134 July 30 At least 14 Algerian security guards were killed in an ambush by alleged Islamic fighters 135 August 9 2009 Nouakchott suicide bombing October 8 2 brothers suspected of links to AQIM were arrested in France One of the two was a CERN researcher 136 November 26 Frenchman Pierre Camatte was kidnapped in Menaka Mali by al Qaeda 137 November 29 Spanish aid workers Roque Pascual Albert Vilalta and Alicia Gamez were kidnapped on a coastal road in Mauritania 137 Gamez was released in March 2010 while Pascual and Vilalta was released in August 2010 138 December 19 An Italian and his wife from Burkina Faso were kidnapped in eastern Mauritania 139 They were released on April 19 2010 140 December 28 3 Saudi tourists were killed and 3 others injured in an attack near Djambala Niger 141 A fourth Saudi died two days later 142 2010 Edit January 29 A bomb exploded at the passage of a freight train loan Timezrit Nobody was injured 143 March 8 At least 5 soldiers were killed close to Niger s border with Mali in a sunrise ambush in which rebels attacked a convoy with rockets and machine gun fire at an isolated border post 144 March 21 3 militants were killed by security forces near El Ma Labiod 35 km from Tebessa March 25 2 soldiers were killed and five others wounded in an attack in the city of Kadiria 145 March 26 3 militants were killed while another was captured by security forces in Ait Yahia Moussa 30 km from Tizi Ouzou April 1 A bomb attack against a taxi killed 2 people in Tizi Ouzou Another attack against a police patrol resulted in no injuries 146 April 3 7 security officers and a soldier were killed in a double bomb attack in the region of Bejaia 2 other soldiers were wounded in the second explosion 147 April 14 According to Algerian officials at least 10 militants were killed since a counter terrorist operation started in Bordj Bou Arreridj raion The operation is ongoing Top militant Abdelmalek Droukdel could be surrounded with other militants a military spokesman said April 23 At least 9 policemen were killed and another was slightly wounded when a bomb exploded in Irraguern between Bejaia and Jijel while they were passing by No other details have been reported April 28 A fierce gunbattle between Algerian army and a group of militants occurred near Tidjellabine 2 km from Boumerdes It is known that one soldier was killed but the counter terrorist operation was still going on according to Algerian officials May 2 One militant was killed in a clash with Algerian forces in a forest between Akfadou and Adekar He was wearing an old military jacket he was killed on the spot a military spokesman said The counter terrorist operation is still going on he added This heavily forested area is often the scene of clashes between militants from Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb AQIM former GSPC and Algerian army May 4 3 militants including the emir of Takhoukht Jamaat Zakaria Abdelkahar were killed by security forces in Draa El Mizen 45 km from Tizi Ouzou It was reported that the authorities demanded them to stop their car and to surrender but they refused and were killed Several weapons and a large amount of ammunition were discovered in the car No other details have been reported May 9 2 people including a child were killed in an ambush in Kabylie Another person is missing 148 June 7 2 people were killed and a third critically injured in a bomb attack near Derguina 149 June 11 A suicide car bomb directed by a suicide bomber against a fixed barrier of the gendarmerie in Ammal resulted in 8 dead including 3 policemen four civilians and a Chinese national Thus a score of wounded including 10 policemen and 10 civilians At least three terrorists were killed during the violent clash that occurred after the blast 150 June 24 5 people were killed and one wounded by gunfire during a wedding at douar Ghrab near Tebessa 151 July 1 11 policemen were killed in an ambush in the city of Tinzaouatine This attack was claimed by AQIM 152 July 4 3 policemen killed by a bomb on a road near Jijel by suspected Islamists 153 July 14 4 soldiers were killed and 13 others wounded in several bomb attacks 154 July 25 Six militants were killed in a Franco Mauritanian raid against a camp of Al qaeda in Mali to try to free the hostage Michel Germaneau At the same time one person was killed and 10 wounded in a suicide attack against a police brigade in Tizi Ouzou Algeria 155 156 July 26 A few days after AQIM claimed he was executed in reprisal against the French Mauritanian raid the French president confirms the death of 78 year old French volunteer aid worker Michel Germaneau who had been kidnapped on April 21 157 It cannot be ruled out that he died as a result of running out of heart drugs 158 August 7 The mayor of the town of Baghlia Mohammed Idir was murdered when he went to the mosque 159 August 20 An attack against a military convoy near Baghlia killed 13 people and injured at least two 160 August 22 A former terrorist was assassinated by bullets in the town of Baghlia in Algeria 161 August 24 An attempted suicide attack wounded 7 in Mauritania The bomber s vehicle exploded before reaching its target a military barracks in Nema 162 August 30 A suicide car bomb against a military convoy left 3 dead and at least 20 wounded in the town of Zemmouri in Kabylie 163 September 16 Gunmen abduct five Frenchmen a Togolese and a Malagasy from a uranium mine in northern Niger 164 September 18 A battle between Mauritanian army and members of Al Qaeda killed at least 6 members of the army and 12 militants 165 October 3 Five soldiers were killed and ten others injured in a bomb attack against their convoy in Zekri a town of Kabylie during a search operation 166 October 12 A departmental head in public works his two collaborators and two contractors were killed in a bomb attack in Tlidjene 167 October 25 1 soldier was killed and four others wounded by a bomb explosion in the passage their patrol in the Boumerdes region 168 2011 Edit January 4 An attack against the embassy of France in Mali s capital Bamako resulting in 1 injuries This is the first such attack on Malian territory 169 January 7 Two French citizens were kidnapped in Niamey Niger and died in Mali while French troops were attempting to rescue them 170 AQIM declared on 15 January that it had executed one of them while the other one was killed by the French military 171 A post mortem examination established that one of them received a direct shot while the other one was killed by the thermal effects of fire 171 January 29 A member of the municipal guard was killed and three others wounded in an attack against the headquarters of the communal guard in the southwest of Tizi Ouzou 172 February 3 The Mauritanian army has detonated a vehicle filled with explosives 12 km south of Nouakchott killing its three passengers and wounding eight soldiers The attack was to assassinate the President of Mauritania Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz That attack was claimed by AQIM 173 March 9 An attack near Djelfa left 5 dead in what appeared to be a response to the death of Abou Tourab a leader of AQIM 174 April 17 20 Algerian soldiers were killed and twenty two injured in three attacks claimed by Al Qaeda Eleven militants were also killed 175 176 177 April 28 2011 Marrakesh bombing A remote controlled bomb explode in Argana cafe on Jemaa el Fnaa square Amongst the dead are 7 French national 2 Canadians and a Dutch April 29 The explosion of a bomb in the town of Oued Djemaa has killed five communal guards who went to their place of work 178 May 6 A bomb that exploded at the passage of a military convoy killed five soldiers and wounded five other in a region of Jijel Since April 15 and the address to the nation of Abdelaziz Bouteflika there were fifty deaths in Islamist attacks 179 May 4 Four policemen were killed in a bomb attack on the road between Tizi Ouzou the main town of Kabylie in Algiers the capital of the country 180 May 6 Three soldiers were killed and two others wounded by gunmen in the region of Jijel One was initially killed by firing a gun the others were killed by a bomb attack 181 May 12 Seven soldiers were killed and three terrorists killed in an attack against a military outpost in the region of Jijel Algeria An eighth member is missing and two were wounded in the attack with machine guns and Assault rifles perpetrated in Tizrarane 182 July 5 Al Qaida claims to have attacked a Mauritanian army base in Mali claiming to have killed 20 soldiers and destroyed 12 vehicles they also say he lost two of their men The Mauritanian army for its part says it killed 15 militants and lost two men 183 July 16 Four people were killed and twenty injured in attacks including two attacks by suicide bombers in the east of Algiers In addition near the Tunisian border two gunmen were killed 184 August 14 A suicide bombing against a police station injured more than 30 in the city of Tizi Ouzou Similarly two people were killed in a double bomb attack targeting a police station in Bordj Menaiel 185 August 17 A soldier was killed and five injured in a bomb attack in the town of Thenia 185 August 22 A soldier was killed and two others wounded in the explosion of a roadside bomb in Taourga In addition two officers from the Hasnaoui were murdered and a young civilian was hit by bullets 186 August 24 One militant was wounded and policemen recovered two Kalashnikovs in a clash near Tizi Ouzou 187 August 27 A suicide attack against the Military Academy Cherchell a hundred kilometers west of Algiers killed 18 people 16 officers and two civilians and wounded 20 others The attack occurred less than ten minutes after breaking the fast of Ramadan 188 September 27 5 men suspected of funding AQIM were arrested by Spanish police Since 2004 over 400 suspected AQIM members have been arrested by Spain 189 October 23 Two Spaniards and an Italian were abducted near Tindouf in western Algeria The Spaniards were identified as Ainhoa Fernandez de Rincon a pro Sahrawi activist and Enric Gonyalons a member of the Basque non profit group Mundubat The Italian was named as Rossella Urru from Rome based Comitato Italiano Sviluppo dei Popoli The three were freed on July 18 2012 190 November 23 Gunmen kidnapped two French workers in Hombori Mali 190 November 25 Gunmen killed a German tourist and kidnapped a Swede a Dutchman and a British South African in Timbuktu Mali 190 191 2012 Edit January 16 The start of the Mali Civil War 2013 Edit January 16 In Amenas hostage crisis in Algeria 2014 Edit April 19 AQIM militants killed eleven soldiers in the Tizi Ouzou region of Algeria east of Algiers It was one of the deadliest attacks on the Algerian military in several years September 14 Jund al Khilafah leader Khaled Abu Suleiman announces the group s split from al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and pledges allegiance to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant September 21 Herve Gourdel is abducted by Jund al Khilafah in the Djurdjura National Park in Algeria September 22 Jund al Khilafah releases a video showing Herve Gourdel being held captive The group stated that the kidnapping was in response to France conducting Airstrikes against Islamic State and threatened to behead him if France continued to carry out airstrikes against ISIL September 24 The group releases a video purporting to show the beheading of Herve Gourdel The militants shown stated that the beheading was in response to the order of ISIL spokesman Abu Mohammed al Adnani in which he called on followers to attack citizens of member nations of the anti ISIL coalition October One of the Jund al Khilafah militants responsible for the beheading of Herve Gourdel was killed in an Algerian military operation in October 192 December 11 The Algerian justice ministry states that Algerian soldiers had killed two Jund al Khilafah members believed to have been involved in the murder of Herve Gourdel 193 December 20 Algerian soldiers kill three Jund al Khilafah members in the mountains near Sidi Daoud 193 December 22 Jund al Khilafah leader Abdelmalek Gouri and two other militants were killed by the Algerian army in a military operation in Issers Afterwards troops recovered two automatic rifles explosive belts and a large amount of ammunition and mobile phones 193 2015 Edit March 19 The Bardo National Museum attack in Tunis killed 21 mostly foreign tourists 194 March 28 Tunisian Special Forces killed Khaled Chaieb leader of Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade along with 8 more militants in Sidi Aich Gafsa Governorate south west of Tunisia 195 April 28 The Algerian military killed 5 Jund al Khilafah militants in an ambush in the region of Tizi Ouzou east of Algiers 196 May 20 Algerian security forces ambushed a Jund al Khilafah meeting east of Algiers killing at least 21 fighters and capturing two others 197 June 26 The Sousse attacks at the resort at Port El Kantaoui killed 39 European tourists mostly British citizens 198 July 17 At least 9 Algerian soldiers were killed in an ambush by AQIM militants in the south of Ain Defla province southwest of Algiers 199 200 November 25 ISIS has claimed responsibility for bombing a bus carrying members of Tunisia s presidential guard killing 12 201 2016 Edit January 4 7 Libyan guards were killed and 25 wounded at the oil port of Es Sider 202 January 7 47 70 People are killed and dozens more injured when explosions were set off at a Libyan Coast Guard training camp in the city of Zliten 203 February 20 Jund al Khilafah claimed to have killed three Algerian soldiers in Mount Shakshut in Bouira in late February This claim was denied by the Algerian government 204 March 7 Morocco s Interior Ministry says it dismantled a five member ISIS group cell planning to detonate explosives in crowded public spaces 205 Also 43 militants one soldier and four citizens they killed and six militants arrested after ISIL in Libya Jihadists attacked a border town in Libya Tunisia border 64 206 207 208 March 9 10 militants and 1 soldier killed in the ongoing raid of Libyan Tunisian border 209 Also the African Union confirmed that will send a mission to northern Mali in the next of the months to look into setting up a counter terrorism force to support vulnerable U N peacekeepers 210 211 March 10 Three ISIL fighters are killed in Libya Tunisia border during ongoing classes 212 March 18 A gas facility in the Algerian desert has been attacked by AQIM though no one was hurt Norwegian oil giant Statoil has said 213 214 March 24 Morocco captured 9 ISIL in Libya operatives inside the Moroccan territory 215 March 28 18 Algerian soldiers killed in an airplane crash in the Tamanrasset region It is unknown if the crash was because of terrorist attack or a technical problem 216 March 31 AQIM in Tunisia has claimed an attack on Tunisian border guards near the town of Bouchebka on the Algerian border wounding some soldiers 217 A Mali intelligence spokesman says special forces have arrested a jihadi leader close to Islamic extremist group Ansar Dine in southern Mali 218 April 5 4 AQIM soldiers killed in Algeria near the Tunisian border 219 April 18 Spanish police said they had detained a Moroccan man in the Mediterranean island resort of Palma de Mallorca suspected of recruiting militants for ISIS 220 April 29 Algerian government said that it killed five AQIM fighters in two separate raid in eastern Algeria 221 222 May 6 Tunisian forces capture 9 AQIM militants in the Tunisian countryside 223 May 7 Brother of Abdelhamid Abaaoud jailed by Morocco court over terrorist accusations 224 May 11 Two suspected ISIL members killed along with four Tunisian soldiers after a raid on Tunisian capital 225 August 29 In Atlas Mountains nearby Algeria 3 Tunisian soldiers were killed and 7 others wounded by AQIM militants 226 October 9 In Tamalous Algeria ISIS militants detonated an explosive device adjacent to the army convoy as it passed near Tamalous town in northeastern Algeria It was not immediately clear whether the explosion caused any casualties 227 October 28 A police officer was killed by three assailants while eating in a restaurant in the Constantine District in Constantine Province around 390 kilometres 240 mi east of Algiers Islamic State claims responsibility for the attack 228 November 5 A Tunisian soldier has been killed in his home in Governorate Kasserine Tunisia by extremists 229 December 2 Several women committed suicide bombings that killed four Libyan soldiers and two other women The victims had previously granted them safe passage to leave buildings under the control of Islamic State militants in Sirte Libya 230 December 5 Terrorists launched two suicide vehicles towards army lines 9 soldiers were killed in Benghazi Libya 231 December 7 Terrorists launched a double tap car bombing outside the Benghazi headquarters of Saiqa Special Force The two blasts appear to have killed nobody outright but left 22 people injured 232 December 18 At least seven people were killed and eight wounded when a suicide bomber targeted forces loyal to Libya s eastern government in Benghazi 233 2017 Edit January 1 A bomb killed a child and injured 7 others in Blida Algeria 234 January 20 A car bomb exploded on Friday near a mosque in Libya s second city of Benghazi killing one person and wounding 13 people including a former interior minister medical and security sources said 235 January 21 A car bomb exploded in Tripoli The blast which left at least two people dead struck near the recently re opened Italian embassy 236 February 26 Police killed a suicide bomber heading for their commissariat in Constantine Algeria The explosion of the explosive belt caused two wounded 237 March 12 A police officer and two militants were killed in a shootout at a checkpoint in southern Tunisia that left three other officers injured 238 May 7 Two fighters from Third Force of Libya were killed and three others were wounded in an IS attack 239 May 18 Brak al Shati Airbase raid At least 141 soldiers and civilians were killed in an attack in Southern Libya 240 May 19 The head of eastern Libya s largest tribe and other man were killed on Friday when a car bomb exploded outside a mosque on the outskirts of Benghazi according to a Libyan security official 241 2018 Edit January 20 A Tunisian special operations unit ambushed and killed two commanders of Okba Ibn Nafaa AQIM s Tunisia branch in the mountains outside Sbeitla near the Algerian border Tunisian authorities identified the men as Bilel Kobbi and Bechir Ben Neji 242 January 26 Algerian special forces killed eight AQIM commanders in the rugged mountainous area of Chechar in the eastern region of Khenchela The men were said to have been en route to meet other jihadist leaders including AQIM leader Abdelmalek Droukdel 243 2019 Edit July 14 Five people were arrested by the Algerian army during counterterrorist raids in Batna Those arrested were accused of plotting attacks on the recent protests in the country 244 October 14 An Islamist stabbed to death a French tourist while wounding a Tunisian soldier in Bizerte Tunisia 245 October 20 A leader of AQIM s Tunisian branch Okba Ibn Nafa a was killed in the Kasserine region of Tunisia on the border with Algeria 246 2020 Edit February 9 A suicide car bomb attack in Timiaouine Algeria left one Algerian soldier dead 247 March 6 Two militants on a motorbike blew themselves up outside the US embassy in Tunisia killing a policeman and injuring five more 248 June 21 A security operation in Algeria s central region of Ain Defla left one Algerian soldier dead following an ambush 249 June 27 A bomb exploded during a sweep operation by the Algerian military in Medea Province south of Algiers killing two soldiers including an officer 250 December 17 Algerian authorities captured Rezkane Ahcene known as Abu Dahdah who joined terrorist groups in 1994 in Jijel Province 251 2021 Edit January 2 Two Algerian military personnel and four militants were killed in a clash in Tipaza province 252 January 8 Tunisian authorities arrested five members including a senior leader from the Okba Ibn Nafaa brigade part of al Qaeda 253 January 14 Five civilians were killed in the Telidjane district Algeria when their car was hit with an IED and destroyed 254 February 3 Four Tunisian soldiers were killed when their vehicle hit a landmine near Mount Mghila on the Algerian border 255 See also EditBoko Haram or ISWAP insurgency Insurgency in Cabo Delgado Islamist insurgency in the Sahel Sinai insurgencyReferences Edit a b Tipping point of terror The Guardian 4 April 2004 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb AQIM Council on Foreign Relations Archived from the original on 11 May 2015 Retrieved 26 October 2014 Salome Legrand 2013 01 14 Qui sont les islamistes a qui la France a declare la guerre Francetvinfo fr Retrieved 2013 11 22 Maclean Ruth 0 Reilly Finbarr March 29 2020 Crisis in the Sahel Becoming France s Forever War The New York Times a b c d e US Starts Anti Al Qaeda Military Exercise in Sahara BBC 3 May 2010 AFRICOM kicks off Operation Flintlock to counter jihadism in Africa Archived 2016 08 17 at the Wayback Machine 12 February 2016 Britain Signals Maghreb Push with Anti Terror Help Reuters Africa 18 October 2011 Archived from the original on December 5 2014 War on Isis British Special Forces ambushed by Islamic State suicide bombers in Libya International Business Times 1 May 2016 Forces Swedish Armed Swedish Special Forces to Mali Forsvarsmakten Retrieved 2020 11 18 Flintlock 11 Kicks off February 21 in Senegal AFRICOM 3 February 2011 Archived from the original on 24 December 2012 The Danish effort in the Sahel region MINUSMA and Operation Barkhane fmn dk Archived from the original on 2020 09 26 Retrieved 2020 12 25 Maclean Ruth O Reilly Finbarr March 29 2020 Crisis in the Sahel Becoming France s Forever War The New York Times Mali receives helicopters and weapons from Russia Al Jazeera October 1 2021 Exporting Jihad The New Yorker 28 March 2016 a b Aaron Y Zelin Andrew Lebovich Daveed Gartenstein Ross July 23 2013 Al Qa ida in the Islamic Maghreb s Tunisia Strategy Combating Terrorism Center a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint uses 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