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Hudson Yards (development)

January 01, 1970

This article is about the development. For the neighborhood of Manhattan, see Hudson Yards, Manhattan. For other uses, see Hudson Yards (disambiguation).

Hudson Yards is a 28-acre (11 ha) real estate development in the Hudson Yards neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City, between the Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen neighborhoods. It is located on the waterfront of the Hudson River. Upon completion, 13 of the 16 planned structures on the West Side of Midtown South would sit on a platform built over the West Side Yard, a storage yard for Long Island Rail Road trains (hence the development’s name). The first of its two phases, opened in 2019, comprises a public green space and eight structures that contain residences, a hotel, office buildings, a mall, and a cultural facility. The second phase, on which construction had not started as of 2023, will include residential space, an office building, and a school.

Hudson Yards
Hudson Yards in September 2021
LocationAbove West Side Yard, Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates40°45′15″N 74°00′09″W / 40.75417°N 74.00250°W / 40.75417; -74.00250
StatusUnder construction
GroundbreakingDecember 4, 2012; 11 years ago (2012-12-04)[1]
Estimated completion2027; 3 years' time (2027)
Companies
Architect
DeveloperThe Related Companies L.P.
Oxford Properties Group Inc.
Technical details
CostUS$25 billion
Buildings10, 15, 30, 35, 50, 55 Hudson Yards, and The Shed
Size28 acres (11 ha)

Related Companies and Oxford Properties are the primary developers and major equity partners in the project. Related, Oxford, and other large investors have funded Hudson Yards' construction from several capital sources, including from foreign investors through the EB-5 investment program. Mitsui Fudosan owns a 92.09 percent stake in 55 Hudson Yards, and a 90 percent stake in 50 Hudson Yards. The architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the master plan for the site, and architects including Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, Thomas Heatherwick, Foster + Partners, Roche-Dinkeloo, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro contributed designs for individual structures. Major office tenants include or will include fashion company Tapestry, consulting firm BCG, the new New York bureau for CNN, and urban planning organization Sidewalk Labs.

The Hudson Yards site was initially intended for other developments, most notably in the early 2000s as the site of the West Side Stadium, during the New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics. Public officials and private investors began developing the new Hudson Yards plan after the failure of the West Side Stadium. Construction began in 2012 with the groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards, and the first phase opened on March 15, 2019. Agreements between various entities including the local government, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), and the state of New York made the development possible.

The special zoning for Hudson Yards (an area roughly bound by 30th Street in the south, 41st Street in the north, 11th Avenue in the west, and Eighth Avenue in the east) further incentivized the building of other large-scale projects. Hudson Yards is adjacent but unrelated to Manhattan West, 3 Hudson Boulevard, and The Spiral.

Site and structures edit

 
Map of buildings and structures at Hudson Yards. Zoom the map and click on points for more details.
This map:

The eastern portion of the site, developed as Phase 1, is located between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues. It contains three office towers on Tenth Avenue, two of which have a retail podium between them. Phase 1 also includes The Shed performing arts center, a public plaza, the Vessel sculpture, and three residential skyscrapers on Eleventh Avenue.[4] Developers plan to build Phase 2, the western portion of the development, above tracks between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues. Phase 2 will provide additional office and residential space.[5]

10 Hudson Yards edit

 
10 Hudson Yards
Main article: 10 Hudson Yards

The 52-story, 895-foot (273 m) 10 Hudson Yards is located at Tenth Avenue and 30th Street, along the southeastern corner of Phase 1. It opened in 2016.[6] Ground was broken for the building on December 4, 2012.[1] Construction began with 10 Hudson Yards as it was not built over railroad tracks. However, 10 Hudson Yards does straddle the High Line spur to Tenth Avenue.[7] 10 Hudson Yards opened on May 31, 2016,[6] and was the first structure in the Hudson Yards development to be occupied by tenants.[8] Companies with offices in the building include L'Oreal, BCG, Sidewalk Labs, and anchor tenant Coach. Early on during construction, Coach purchased a stake in the building, which was sold back to Related toward the end of construction.[9] Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the building.[10]

15 Hudson Yards edit

Main article: 15 Hudson Yards

15 Hudson Yards, originally proposed as Tower D, is located on Eleventh Avenue and West 30th Street, near Phase 1's southwestern corner. The building connects to a semi-permanent structure, a performance and arts space known as The Shed.[11] 15 Hudson Yards started construction in December 2014,[12] was topped out in February 2018, and opened in early 2019. When completed, 15 Hudson Yards included 285 residential units.[13] Its original design, with a pronounced "corset" at the middle of the tower's height, attracted attention.[14][15] 15 Hudson Yards[16] is designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Lead Architect and Rockwell Group, Lead Interior Architect.[17]

Prospective low-income tenants of the building filed a lawsuit against Related.[18] The suit alleges the company created a different address (553 West 30th Street) for 15 Hudson Yards' affordable units and that the tenants of those units would not have access to the same amenities as those in the market-rate units.[18] The suit alleges the building does not have an actual "poor door" but does still segregate its tenants through a "poor address" and "poor floors".[19] "Poor doors" were banned in 2015 by then New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio.[20]

The Shed edit

 
The Shed
Main article: The Shed (Hudson Yards)

The Shed is an arts center housed in the Bloomberg Building,[21] a three-story structure adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards. The space is focused on providing cultural programming, and is maintained by an organization of the same name.[22] Its most prominent feature is a retractable "shell" that wraps around its roof and its northern and southern facades.[23][24] The Shed opened on April 5, 2019.[25]

30 Hudson Yards edit

Main article: 30 Hudson Yards

The 103-story, 1,270 feet (387 m) 30 Hudson Yards is located at Tenth Avenue and 33rd Street. It is the city's sixth-tallest building.[26] Construction began after caissons were sunk to support the platform over the tracks, the latter of which was raised 12 to 27 feet (4 to 8 m) above ground level, at the same elevation as the High Line.[27] 30 Hudson Yards opened on March 15, 2019.[28][29][30]

An observation deck on the building's 100th floor opened in March 2020.[31]

35 Hudson Yards edit

 
 
15 Hudson Yards and 35 Hudson Yards
Main article: 35 Hudson Yards

35 Hudson Yards is located at Eleventh Avenue and 33rd Street. Construction on the building's foundation was started in January 2015,[32] and it topped out in June 2018.[33] 35 Hudson Yards opened on March 15, 2019.[28][29][30] The mixed-use building contains 137 condominiums, an Equinox brand hotel, an Equinox brand gym, medical offices, and retail space.[33][34] David Childs, the chairman of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, contributed the designs.[35]

50 Hudson Yards edit

Main article: 50 Hudson Yards

Work on the 981-foot (299 m)-tall[36] 50 Hudson Yards, located at Tenth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets, began in May 2018,[37] with construction completed in 2022.[38] BlackRock signed on as an anchor tenant, and is to occupy 850,000 square feet (79,000 m2) in the building,[39] but Facebook will occupy more space with 1.2 million square feet (110,000 m2).[40][41] Foster + Partners designed the building, which will rank as the fourth largest office tower in New York City in terms of available leaseable area when completed, with 2.9 million square feet (270,000 m2) available to lease.[2] Along with 55 Hudson Yards, it is one of two structures in the first phase not located above the rail yard.[39] Mitsui Fudosan owns a 90 percent stake in the building,[42] while Bank of China, Deutsche Bank, and Wells Fargo contributed financing for the tower.[42]

55 Hudson Yards edit

Main article: 55 Hudson Yards

The 780-foot-tall (240 m) 55 Hudson Yards, located at Eleventh Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets, was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and Roche-Dinkeloo.[3] 55 Hudson Yards started construction on January 22, 2015,[43] and topped out in August 2017.[44] Mitsui Fudosan owns a 92.09 percent stake in the building. Like 50 Hudson Yards, 55 is not located over the rail yard, and was not included in the original master plan as created by KPF. Cooley, a law firm, signed a lease to occupy 130,000 square feet (12,000 m2) across five stories.[45] Another law firm, Milbank, will occupy 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2).[46] American cryptocurrency trading platform Coinbase has sublet 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) from Point72 Asset Management in the building.[47]

To lower costs and allow flexibility during the build, construction emphasized the use of concrete over steel.[48] Two architectural firms, Kohn Pederson Fox and Roche Dinkeloo, were involved in the design of the building, which is the first collaborative effort between the two firms.[49]

The Shops & Restaurants at Hudson Yards edit

Main article: The Shops & Restaurants at Hudson Yards
 
Interior of the mall, seen in March 2019

Phase 1 also included a seven-story mall with 100 shops and 20 restaurants, called the Shops & Restaurants at Hudson Yards. It has 1 million square feet (93,000 m2) of space, including 750,000 square feet (70,000 m2) in retail, including department stores.[27][32]

In September 2014, Neiman Marcus signed to become the anchor tenant of the Hudson Yards Retail Space.[50] The retail space, designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and Elkus Manfredi Architects[51][52] with a connection to the bases of 10 and 30 Hudson Yards, started construction in June 2015,[32][53] with a 100,000-short-ton (91,000,000 kg) order of steel, one of the largest such orders in the history of the United States.[54] The mall opened on March 15, 2019.[29][30][55]

The Neiman Marcus store occupied the top 3 levels and 1⁄4 of the mall, or 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) before its closure.[50][56] Chef and restaurateur Thomas Keller has opened a restaurant in the complex, in addition to selecting 11 other restaurants in the retail space.[32][57] There is fine dining on the fifth through seventh floors as well as more casual fare on the second through fourth floors.[58] The mall is anchored by Dior and Chanel on the topmost floors, with "a 'Fifth Avenue' mix of shops", such as H&M, Zara, and Sephora below them.[32] The Neiman Marcus closed in 2020 as part of a plan to close 24 locations nationwide, having been open only for 16 months. The former Neiman Marcus is slated to be converted to office space.[59]

Public plaza edit

 
Vessel

There is a 6-acre (2 ha) public square, with 28,000 plants and 225 trees,[60] on the platform.[27] The public square is a ventilation area for the West Side Yards, as well as a storm water runoff site. Storm water that runs off into the square is reused throughout the development.[4] Because it is located on top of an active rail yard, the public square is located over a 6-foot (1.8 m) deep plenum above a cooling slab with 15 fans blowing air at 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) and a 60,000-US-gallon (230,000 L; 50,000 imp gal) rainwater storage tank. The entire platform is supported by 234 caissons. The plantings are rooted within "smart soil".[32][60] The plaza opened along with the mall on March 15, 2019.[55][29][30]

Vessel, a permanent art installation designed by Thomas Heatherwick, is located at the center of the plaza. The installation, a 16-story freestanding structure of connected staircases, cost US$150 million.[61][62] Heatherwick took inspiration from Indian step wells in the design.[63] Stephen M. Ross has compared the structure to the Eiffel Tower,[64] and it has also been informally dubbed The Shawarma.[65] Vessel opened on March 15, 2019.[55] After three suicides at the Vessel, Related closed the structure temporarily in January 2021.[66][67] Vessel reopened in May 2021, with a rule requiring visitors to come in groups and a new ticket fee for most visitors,[68][69] but Vessel was closed again in July 2021 after a fourth suicide.[70] As of August 2022, Hudson Yards officials were installing safety nets around Vessel in preparation for the structure's possible reopening.[71]

Neighboring projects edit

 
Hudson Residences building Lantern House under construction in March 2019

The Hudson Yards development sits directly west of the second-largest project in the area: Manhattan West, a 7-acre (2.8 ha) mixed-use multi-building development also built above previously exposed rail yards.[72][73] Two large-scale, single-building office developments border the eastern portion of Hudson Yards. The larger, known as The Spiral, is owned by Tishman Speyer.[74] The smaller development is known as 3 Hudson Boulevard.[75]

Several existing or planned residential buildings border Phase 1. Related owns three: One Hudson Yards, Abington House and 451 Tenth Avenue.[76] Despite sharing a developer, these buildings are distinct from the main Hudson Yards project.[77]

Another Related development also on the West Side, originally dubbed "Hudson Residences," was under construction at the same time as Hudson Yards.[78] The project consists of two residential buildings, one designed by Thomas Heatherwick, the other by Robert A.M. Stern Architects.[79]

601 West 29th Street[80] and 606 West 30th Street are under construction south of the two Related developments.[81] Despite the involvement of two separate real estate companies, they are being developed together due to their proximity.[81]

Joint ventures with Spitzer Enterprises edit

In 2020, Spitzer Enterprises and Related Companies received $276 million in loans for a 526-unit housing development in Hudson Yards at 451 10th Avenue.[82] The building, also given the address 455 10th Avenue, includes a mix of "upscale urban senior living communities" and executive apartments.[83] The senior living and executive apartments are respectively be marketed under the brands "The Coterie" and "The Set".[84][85] Handel Architects designed 451 10th Avenue.[86]

In October 2021, Related purchased 99.9% stakes in three sites owned by Spitzer Enterprises at 511 West 35th Street, 506 West 36th Street, and 512 West 36th Street.[87]

History edit

Older site proposals edit

Several developers and other entities proposed uses for the rail yard during the 20th century. In 1956, William Zeckendorf suggested the construction of the "Freedom Tower," which would have risen 1,750 feet (530 m),[88] making it the tallest building in the world at the time.[89] Transportation to the new complex would have been via a "passenger conveyor belt" from further east in Midtown. Zeckendorf never purchased the rights, as he was unable to secure financing for the deal, given that large-scale speculative real estate projects were not an asset class that institutional investors and lenders took an interest in at the time.[90] The administration of Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. released a $670 million development plan in 1963, which was ultimately never realized.[91]

In the 1980s, both the Jets and the Yankees proposed new stadiums above the rails, though none of these projects succeeded. Another ultimately unsuccessful plan for a new stadium for the Yankees was proposed above the West Side Yard in 1993.[92] A similar plan for a Yankee stadium above the West Side Yard was proposed in 1996,[93] and was endorsed by mayor Rudy Giuliani.[94] However, the plan also received opposition from many other public figures,[94] and was also not built.[92]

By the early 2000s, plans for the rail yard long included a new Olympic stadium,[95] to become the home of the Jets after the games ended.[96] Proposers dubbed the structure the "New York Sports and Convention Center". In addition to the stadium, rezoning the adjacent area would have incentivized the construction of some 13,000 new residential units and 28 million square feet (2,600,000 m2) of office space.[97][98] This effort, led by Daniel Doctoroff, was unpopular with the public and politicians.[99]

In January 2005, the New York City Council approved the 60-block rezoning, including the eastern portion of the West Side Yard.[100] Michael Bloomberg, then the city's mayor, subsequently separated the city's broader rezoning plans from the rail yard stadium.[101][102] In conjunction with the city, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for a 12.7-million-square-foot (1,180,000 m2) mixed-use development to be built on platforms over the rail yard, which would remain in use throughout.[103]

The MTA received three bids to cap and lease the rail yard. Cablevision (the owner of the nearby Madison Square Garden), the New York Jets organization, and TransGas Energy all submitted proposals.[104] The Jets won the development rights, but several lawsuits filed after the bidding process alleged they won without paying a fair price.[105] In June 2005, New York State Assembly speaker Sheldon Silver voted against the stadium, definitively eliminating the possibility of support at the state level and the possibility of the stadium's construction.[106] Although Bloomberg and others expressed doubts about interest in the area from real estate companies after the stadium fell through, development nevertheless continued.[107] The former mayor later expressed that the loss of the stadium may have been a "blessing" for New York.[108]

The MTA received proceeds from the development's 2006 bond offering to pay for an extension of the New York City Subway's 7 and <7>​ trains to 34th Street–Hudson Yards station.[109] With funding assured, the MTA proceeded quickly to construct the extension.[110] The first construction contracts were awarded in October 2007,[111][112] and the subway extension opened on September 13, 2015.[113][114]

Bidding process edit

 
Hudson Yards seen from the 102nd floor of the Empire State Building, November 2018

In late 2006, the city and the MTA backed out of a plan for the city to purchase the development site, and created a proposal to seek bids from private developers.[115] This was followed by a formal request for proposals in 2008 with the intention of creating a large-scale mixed-use development above the rail yards. Five developers responded to the RFP: Extell Development Company, Tishman Speyer,[116] Brookfield, Vornado Realty Trust with the Durst Organization, and the Related Companies.[117]

Submissions edit

Brookfield's Skidmore, Owings and Merrill-designed master plan known as "Hudson Place" and "Hudson Green" proposed constructing 15 towers (four office and 11 residential/hotel) that would range in height from 300 feet (91 m) to 1,280 feet (390 m). The buildings would include 7.4 million square feet (690,000 m2) of office space and 4,000 residential units, including 400 devoted to affordable housing.[118] "Hudson Place" encompassed the office component covering the eastern portion of the railyards while "Hudson Green" was residential-focused and planned for the western railyards.[119] Individual towers would have been designed by SHoP Architects, SANAA, Thomas Phifer, Handel Architects, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro.[120][121] The development would have also included two hotels, a cultural center, school, two parks (4.4 acres for Hudson Green and 3.4 acres for Hudson Place), and 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of space for the Children's Museum of Manhattan.[122]

Durst and Vornado hired FXCollaborative and César Pelli to design a development named "Hudson Center" which would have included 13 towers ranging from 250 feet (76 m) to 1,200 feet (370 m) tall.[122] The development would be split between 6 million square feet (560,000 m2) of office space and 6,500 residential units, 600 of which would have been affordable. The developers also would have included 12 acres of open space and a subterranean people mover system connecting the complex to Penn Station.[118][123] Media company Condé Nast agreed to anchor the development by taking all 1.5 million square feet (140,000 m2) of office space in the largest office tower and move from their headquarters at Durst's 4 Times Square in 2015.[124][125]

Extell, in a master plan designed by Steven Holl, proposed 11 towers with just two featuring office space and the rest devoted to 3,812 residential units.[118] The company's proposal also featured 19.5 acres of outdoor space including an outdoor amphitheatre and a sculpture garden named after Sol LeWitt.[122] The company also would have built a new ferry terminal on the Hudson River as well as a Long Island Rail Road stop at the site.[123] Extell's proposal was fundamentally different than the others as they proposed constructing a suspension deck over the rail yards similar to a suspension bridge rather than the truss structure every other developer proposed.[124] Extell claimed this method would be more cost-effective but the suspension structure also would not have been strong enough to support large buildings. Due to this, all of Extell's proposed towers were clustered at the edges of the site in order to sit on solid ground while the deck itself would hold only the proposal's open spaces and park. Other unique aspects included a central reservoir to collect stormwater, a geothermal cooling system, and cogeneration which together would reduce energy use by almost 50%.[126] Writing in The Wall Street Journal, Ada Louise Huxtable praised the proposal, writing that it "could have the unity, character and potential beauty of a Rockefeller Center."[124] The New York Times added to the praise, writing that the "proposal is the only one worth serious consideration."[120]

Related's initial proposal envisioned 13 towers split between 3 office building and 10 residential structures. The company divided the space between 6.7 million square feet (620,000 m2) of office space and 4,962 residential units.[118] The towers would have varied in height from 350 feet (110 m) to 1,100 feet (340 m) and been designed by a diverse array of architects including Arquitectonica, Robert A. M. Stern, and Kohn Pedersen Fox.[124] Proposed amenities included a school, winter garden, and 15.1 acres of open space.[122] Related also secured a commitment from Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation to move their headquarters into one of the new office towers at the development.[124] However, News Corporation later pulled out of the deal which led Related to bid only on the residential-focused Western railyard rather than the entire site. Due to this, the MTA disqualified the Related bid.[127]

Tishman Speyer's bid, designed by Helmut Jahn, covered 11 towers centered on four large office towers surrounded by seven smaller residential buildings. Two of the office towers would have stood at 900 feet (270 m) while the other two would be taller at 1,100 feet (340 m) with the accompanying residential buildings varying between 400 feet (120 m) and 570 feet (170 m) tall.[122] The company's bid was the most office-focused with plans featuring 10.6 million square feet (980,000 m2) of commercial space and 3,000 residential units.[118] The proposed buildings would total over 12 million square feet (1,100,000 m2) of space with 13 acres of open space and also include 379 units of affordable housing.[128] Investment bank Morgan Stanley would have occupied all 3 million square feet (280,000 m2) of office space in both the taller office towers as the company's headquarters and also would have provided equity and debt financing for the project.[129]

Selection edit

Tishman Speyer, a New York-based real estate conglomerate, won the bid in March 2008.[130] Tishman Speyer won a $1 billion bid to lease and cap the West Side Yard, with payment due as annual rent over a 99-year period.[131] It would also spend another $2 billion for development over the rail yards, including for the two platforms over the yards to support 15 acres (6.1 ha) of public spaces, four office buildings, and ten high-rise residential towers.[130] Tishman had secured the investment bank Morgan Stanley as both an anchor tenant and financial backer.[132]

Two months later, the deal broke down when Morgan Stanley pulled out due to the late-2000s financial crisis.[133] Subsequently, the MTA chose the Related Companies and Goldman Sachs to develop Hudson Yards under the same conditions.[131][134] Related's revised plan included 13 buildings encompassing 12 million square feet of space including 2,154 rental apartments, 20% of which would be affordable. Other components included 2,619 condominiums, 5.5 million square feet (510,000 m2) of offices, a hotel, about 757,000 square feet (70,300 m2) of retail, a school and a 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m2) cultural facility.[127]

In December 2009, the New York City Council approved Related Companies' revised plan for Hudson Yards, and the western portion of the West Side Yard was rezoned.[103] Following the rail yards' successful rezoning, the MTA signed another 99-year lease to the air rights over the rail yard in May 2010. The air rights were signed over to a joint venture of Related Companies and Oxford Properties Group, which invested $400 million to build a platform above both the eastern and western portions of the yard on which to construct the buildings.[103][135]

In April 2013, the Related/Oxford joint venture obtained a $475 million construction loan from parties including Barry Sternlicht's Starwood Capital Group and luxury retailer Coach. The financing deal was unique in several aspects, including the fact that it included a construction mezzanine loan, that Coach was a lender on both the debt and equity sides,[136] and that the MTA reused a "severable lease" structure (previously used by Battery Park City) that allowed for the loans. A portion of the project was also financed by the EB-5 investment program, which uses capital from immigrants, who become eligible for a green card.[137]

Construction and opening edit

 
Hudson Yards under construction in 2015

The groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards, which was not built on the platform, occurred on December 4, 2012. At that event, the start of construction was also announced for 30 Hudson Yards.[138][139] No tenants had been secured for any building in the complex when construction started on 10 Hudson Yards. However, three tenants—L'Oreal, Coach, and SAP—were announced in 2013.[140]

In October 2013, New York's Industrial Development Agency granted Related a $328 million tax exemption for 20 and 30 Hudson Yards, in addition to the previously approved $106 million exemption for 10 Hudson Yards.[141] Shortly after, Related announced construction would begin on the platform covering the eastern railyards in January 2014 and cost $721 million.[142] Construction on the platform began in March 2014 after Related secured a $250 million loan from Deutsche Bank.[143] The erection of the platform was necessary in order to start construction on 15, 30, and 35 Hudson Yards.[144][145] The platform for the Eastern Rail Yard was completed in October 2015, and the western platform was completed by 2016.[4] In anticipation of the completion of the structures at Hudson Yards, the section of the High Line elevated park adjacent to the development opened in September 2014.[146][147][148] After several delays in the completion of the 34th Street subway station,[149] the station opened the following September.[150] However, the first building in the complex, 10 Hudson Yards, did not open until May 31, 2016.[6]

Groundbreaking occurred for 15 Hudson Yards in December 2014,[12] and work on 35 Hudson Yards and 55 Hudson Yards both started the following month.[32][43] Construction on The Shed, adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards, began in mid-2015 after its pilings were completed.[151][4] A 16-story, honeycomb-shaped structure with stairwells named Vessel, in the center of Hudson Yards' public plaza, was unveiled to the public in September 2016.[152] The pieces of Vessel were fabricated off-site and were brought to Hudson Yards for assembly starting in April 2017.[153][154] Work on the final building in the first phase, 50 Hudson Yards, began in May 2018.[37]

 
Further construction, August 2018

55 Hudson Yards topped out in August 2017,[44] while 15, 30, and 35 Hudson Yards all topped out in 2018.[13][33] All four structures were opened on March 14, 2019, as were the Shed, shopping center, and Vessel.[55] In addition, neither the High Line nor the 34th Street station were completed at the time of their respective openings. A second entrance to the 34th Street station was opened in September 2018,[155] while the High Line spur adjacent to 10 Hudson Yards opened in June 2019.[156][157]

Labor disputes edit

Higher costs for materials and land after the 2008 recession have caused real estate companies to seek lower labor costs. In New York City non-union labor has made inroads, although workers tend to have less training and experience. Douglas Durst, a real estate magnate in New York, has said "Related is leading the charge" among New York-based companies in employing non-union labor.[158] Beginning in late 2017, unions working at the site alleged Related "continue[d] to look for deeper and deeper concessions" in their negotiations, and begin organizing a campaign referred to as "#CountMeIn".[159][158] Related's push to change the site to an open shop would mostly affect the second phase of construction, on the western yard.[160] The labor dispute is ongoing as of February 2019, though there have been meetings between labor leader Gary LaBarbera and Related executive Bruce Beal Jr.[161]

2020s to present edit

COVID-19 pandemic and recovery edit

 
Facing east toward Hudson Yards in 2021

The Edge observation deck on the 100th floor of 30 Hudson Yards had opened on March 11, 2020, but the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City caused Related to close Edge two days later.[31][162] The restaurant on the 101st floor of the same building, Peak, also opened on March 11 but closed the following day after a staff member contracted COVID-19.[163] In April 2020, The Wall Street Journal reported that condominium sales had slowed due to the pandemic.[164] The Journal also noted a downturn in retail rent collections at the development. This decline occurred in part due to unique contracts between Related and its tenants, which meant the developer collected income based on sales, rather than traditional fixed payments.[164] In May 2020, the Financial Times noted the development had become a "ghost town".[165]

The Wall Street Journal reported in July that the Hudson Yards Neiman Marcus location, the flagship of the development's retail offerings, would close.[166] Related opted to turn the Neiman Marcus store into offices instead of a store.[167] Thomas Keller closed his restaurant in the complex in August 2020.[168] The Hudson Yards mall reopened in September 2020, though Bloomberg noted few visitors.[169] The Edge observation deck also reopened that month.[170][171] Despite the closures, Barclays reportedly considered Hudson Yards as a location for a new American headquarters in late 2020.[172][173] Additionally, BlackRock indicated in early 2021 that it still intended to move its headquarters to 50 Hudson Yards in 2022 or 2023.[174] It joined Ernst and Young in companies relocating to Hudson Yards by 2024.[175] Due to the financial problems caused by the pandemic, Related has sought a low-interest loan from the Department of Transportation to cap the western yard, the first step in beginning the project's second phase.[176]

A 2023 study from The Real Deal magazine found that rental rates for Class A office space, the highest class of offices, were twice the rates for Class B office space.[177] As a result, its developers were paying the city government $200 million more annually than the city had anticipated.[178] By early 2024, more than 90 percent of the office space at Hudson Yards was occupied, including all of the space in several buildings. In addition, nearly as many people were visiting the mall daily compared to in 2019, and over 80 percent of employees at Hudson Yards worked in-person between Monday and Thursday, twice the comparable rate citywide.[175]

Vendor disputes edit

Street vendors who have legally[179] operated on public property near the development since before its opening allege they have been the targets of harassment from security employed by Related and the NYPD.[180] Related has installed landscaping with the alleged intention of depriving the vendors of adequate space to place their carts.[180] Related first installed new tree pits, leaving space for one cart, and later placed a large planter in the final available space.[180]

After receiving summonses from NYPD officers in May 2021—contravening a policy removing police from enforcing vendor compliance with laws—the vendors organized a protest. This protest was supported by Manhattan Borough President Gale Brewer.[179]

Future development edit

 
The western portion of West Side Yard, visible in the foreground, is the site for the proposed Phase 2

Early plans edit

The western portion of the yard is bordered by 30th Street and 33rd Street in the north and south, and Eleventh and Twelfth avenues in the east and west. The western phase of the project was originally to contain up to seven residential towers, an office building at 33rd Street and Eleventh Avenue tentatively known as "West Tower", and a school serving Pre-K to eighth grade students.[4] The third phase of the High Line will traverse Phase 2 of the project.[11] According to Architectural Digest magazine, Santiago Calatrava, Robert A.M. Stern Architects, Thomas Heatherwick, and Frank Gehry are involved in the design of the second phase's residential towers.[181][182] Related Companies had previously commissioned works from Stern,[183] Heatherwick,[184][185] and Gehry.[186]

Work on the platform to cover the second half of the tracks was originally scheduled to begin in 2018,[187] and Phase 2 was to have been completed by 2024.[188] However, construction was later rescheduled to begin in 2019.[29] Around $500 million of financing for Phase 2 was approved in mid-2018.[189] As of February 2021, there was no set completion date for Phase 2 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[5][167]

In 2022, Related held discussions with representatives of Madison Square Garden about moving the sporting and entertainment facility to the development.[190] In March 2023, The New Yorker reported that Madison Square Garden had ended the discussions.[191]

Wynn New York City proposal edit

Wynn New York City
Location Hudson Yards, New York City, New York, United States
Opening dateTBD
No. of rooms1,750
Casino typeResort
Operating license holderWynn Resorts

In late 2022, multiple sources reported that Related had entered into a partnership with Wynn Resorts to attempt to develop an integrated resort with a casino on the western yard, presumably replacing earlier plans.[192][193] The next year, it was announced that the plan would include a "'resort' tower", developed with Wynn, as well as a casino and hotel. The plan includes a previously unannounced 2-million-square-foot office tower, as well as a previously disclosed apartment building, school, and park.[194][195] This plan would require that the partnership secure one of several available licenses, issued by New York state, for casinos in New York City and its surroundings.[192][196] Competitors for the casino licenses include a joint venture between SL Green Realty and Caesars Entertainment, Soloviev Group, and other bidders.[197]

The 1,189 feet (362 m) proposed hotel, located west of 11th Avenue, would be 80 stories tall and would include 1,750 rooms, making it one of largest hotels in New York City if built.[198] In March 2024, Wynn Resorts released renderings of the proposed resort and other components of the western portion of the project.[199][200]

Rail yard platform edit

 
30th Street staging area for construction equipment and materials

The new platform upon which the Hudson Yards development is being built is bordered by 10th and 12th Avenues and by 30th and 33rd Streets.[201][202] In 2014, it was expected to cost more than $20 billion[203] and was projected to eventually see 65,000 visitors a day.[204] Construction on the platform began in March 2014.[144][145] Construction was overseen by Related Companies' executive vice president, Timur Galen.[205]

The 28-acre (11 ha) Hudson Yards project[27][206] is located in the Hudson Yards area of Manhattan, between the Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen neighborhoods.[207] It was constructed over the existing at-grade West Side Yard, allowing LIRR trains to continue to be stored during midday hours.[208] To minimize construction impact on the LIRR's ability to store trains during midday and peak hours, caissons were drilled into bedrock throughout much of the site, over which the platform was to be built.[208] However, only 38% of the ground level at West Side Yard was to be filled in with columns to support the development.[209] Much of the platform itself was built by a huge Manitowoc 18000 crane.[210] The eastern platform, supporting the towers, comprises 16 bridges.[211] The platform for the Eastern Rail Yard was completed in October 2015, and the western part of the platform was completed the following year.[4]

In 2013, Amtrak announced it would build a "tunnel box" through the project areas to reserve the space for a future rail right-of-way such as the proposed Gateway Project.[212][213] Construction began September 2013 and took two years.[214] The underground concrete casing is 800 ft (240 m) long, 50 ft (15 m) wide, and approximately 35 ft (11 m) tall.[215]

Financing and ownership edit

Projected to cost $25 billion upon its completion, Hudson Yards is one of the most expensive real estate developments ever built in the United States,[216][217] and the largest private development in the country's history.[218] Under the terms of their agreement with Oxford, Related retains a 60 percent stake in the complex.[219] Related is unusual among real estate firms in that it develops and subsequently retains ownership of rental buildings it constructs, meaning it has a large portfolio of affordable rental properties that provide consistent income.[220] Initial funding came exclusively from Related and partner Goldman Sachs. After Goldman exited this arrangement, Related and its new partner, Oxford, secured a number of capital sources.[221][222] These include conventional lenders, such as Wells Fargo, foreign investors through the EB-5 program, and a debt raise on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.[221] $600 million of the project's financing has come from EB-5, making it the project to receive the most funding from the program. Other lenders include The Children's Investment Fund Foundation, Deutsche Bank, and Allianz. As of September 2017, Related had raised about $18 billion in funds.[223]

Related has also received or otherwise benefited from $6 billion in investments and tax breaks from the city in conjunction with Hudson Yards' construction.[224] While The New York Times described the $6 billion as comprising numerous "tax breaks", a columnist for Crain's New York Business disputed this statement, saying, "There are two significant tax breaks which the New School totals at a little more than $1.36 billion", and that the rest of the investment was in infrastructure such as parks and the 7 Subway Extension.[225] The $6 billion sum includes:

  • $1.6 billion given by Empire State Development Corporation to Hudson Yards. The agency, which distributes funding through geographical districts, classified Hudson Yards as being in the same "economically troubled area" as the sparsely populated Central Park and low-income housing developments in Harlem, thereby qualifying the project for EB-5 funds.[226]
  • Funds for infrastructure projects that will serve the new development, including:
    • $2.4 billion spent on the 7 Subway Extension project.[224]
    • $1.2 billion for Hudson Park and Boulevard.[224]

An additional $1 billion was given to other developers who were building nearby projects.[224]

Tenants edit

10 Hudson Yards is occupied by Coach,[6] the Boston Consulting Group,[227] and Sidewalk Labs.[228] 30 Hudson Yards would be occupied by Time Warner,[229] DNB Bank,[230] Wells Fargo Securities,[231] and Facebook once it opens. 50 Hudson Yards, which opened in 2022,[232] hosts the corporate headquarters of BlackRock, and part of it also being occupied by Facebook.[40][41] 55 Hudson Yards would be occupied by at least three law firms (Boies, Schiller & Flexner;[233] Cooley LLP;[45] and Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy[46]), as well as by Facebook,[40][41] electronic trading platform MarketAxess,[234] and pharmaceutical company Intercept Pharmaceuticals.[235] The city has enticed large tenants to Hudson Yards by making them eligible for discretionary tax credits once they add a certain number of jobs there.[224]

Joe Patrice, writing for Above the Law, noted that with the move of Cooley LLP to 55 Hudson Yards from the Grace Building there was an "official trend" of law firms moving to the new office buildings on the far West Side.[236] This move westward follows a trend from earlier in the 21st century, when firms began moving from parts of Midtown such as the Plaza District to Times Square and other areas with new office towers.[237]

A number of financial firms have left offices in Midtown or the Financial District for the development.[238] Following speculation that private equity company KKR might move to Hudson Yards, other finance-focused companies became more interested in the possibility of relocating there. KKR's long-time occupancy at the Solow Building in Midtown produced a similar effect, as Apollo Global Management, Och-Ziff Capital Management, and Silver Lake Partners had also taken space in the Midtown building.[239] KKR ultimately decided to move to 30 Hudson Yards; Silver Lake announced it would leave the Solow Building for 55 Hudson Yards in 2017 after speculation it would do so.[239][240] BlackRock, another major financial company, signed on as an anchor tenant at 50 Hudson Yards, where it is to occupy 850,000 square feet (79,000 m2).[39] Financial Times wrote that Hudson Yards "is the boldest expression of a new fashion in corporate real estate that buildings and 'space' should be potent weapons in a fight to recruit and retain talented young workers."[241]

Equinox Fitness also operates the world's largest Equinox-branded gym at 35 Hudson Yards.[238]

Design and reception edit

Architectural critiques edit

Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the site's master plan, as well as four individual buildings: 10, 30, and 55 Hudson Yards and the shopping center. Firms and individual architects working on distinct buildings did not meet to produce a uniform aesthetic or review the plans for individual buildings together. Two architects involved in the project, Thomas Woltz and Bill Pedersen, have respectively compared the relationship between the buildings to "mastodons, pineapples, sheds, swizzlesticks and bubble mats" and "elephants dancing".[242]

Justin Davidson, writing for New York in 2018, referred to 10 Hudson Yards as "taller, fatter, and greener" than historical New York City skyscrapers, despite more staid interiors with typical open floor plans and corresponding curtain wall.[243] Davidson later compared Hudson Yards unfavorably to Manhattan West, writing that the Brookfield development "[...] feels like a corner of New York conceived with actual human beings in mind" while Hudson Yards "[...] has aged from a shiny new space station to a disconsolate one".[244]

New York Times architecture critic Michael Kimmelman called Hudson Yards a "gated community" catering to the upper-class, writing: "A relic of dated 2000s thinking, nearly devoid of urban design, it declines to blend into the city grid."[245] The Guardian's architecture and design critic, Oliver Wainwright, said that "the real shock is that it's quite so bad", and that the new buildings represented "ungainly lumps", with the logic of design "presenting a mostly blank frontage of service hatches and lift lobbies to the city".[246]

Restaurants and amenities edit

In a review of the restaurant offerings at Hudson Yards written in anticipation of the complex opening to the public, Ryan Sutton criticized Related and Oxford for including only two establishments run by women.[247] Further, Sutton criticized Related and Oxford for failing to provide opportunities for small, local operators to open in Hudson Yards, instead leasing to restaurateurs and organizations which had already experienced "great success".[247] Sutton also criticized the lack of "vibrancy" at Hudson Yards, caused by a lack of street-level restaurants.[247] Sutton noted the presence of several chain establishments, such as Sweetgreen and Think Coffee, at street-level in and near the complex, but wrote that "Fast casual isn't known for fostering communal dinnertime bonhomie".[247] In his review, Sutton did express positive anticipation of Mercado Little Spain, a restaurant and food court which had not yet opened in 10 Hudson Yards at the time the piece was published by Eater.[247]

When Mercado Little Spain ultimately opened in 2019, Eater published a mixed review of its offerings written by Robert Sietsema.[248] In a separate review by Sutton of the opened complex, published in 2019, the critic referred to Hudson Yards as "the worst place to eat fancy food in New York".[249] In the 2019 review, which served as an introduction to Eater's individual reviews of restaurants in Hudson Yards, Sutton panned TAK Room, a restaurant by Thomas Keller, but offered praise for Kawi and Milos Wine Bar.[249] In his full review of TAK Room, Sutton criticized its prices and the discrepancy between the cost of eating at the restaurant and his perception of the quality of the food and service.[250] Pete Wells, in his review of the restaurant, echoed Sutton's criticisms.[251] TAK Room closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[252]

The Equinox Hotel received a positive review from Vanity Fair.[253] Samantha Lewis praised the hotel for its emphasis on providing guests with "blissful slumber".[253] The hotel's restaurant, Electric Lemon, has received an "underwhelming" review from Pete Wells.[254]

Public perception edit

The Hudson Yards development has had mixed public approval. The New York Times questioned if New York City needed another "gated community," which alludes to the premium nature of the development, shops and condominium offerings.[255] Bridget Read wrote for Curbed in 2022 that "the broad public benefit from the largest real-estate development in American history has not yet materialized".[256] A study by The New School found that Hudson Yards had cost city residents an additional $2.2 billion in taxes, even though the project was supposed to have been self-financed.[256][257]

Comedian Conner O'Malley released a video titled "Hudson Yards Video Game" which was perceived as critical of the project.[258][259]

Resilience edit

Hudson Yards sits within Manhattan's 100-year floodplain, and the rail lines have previously been flooded despite preventive measures. Given that the bulk of the new structures would rise from an already elevated platform, the development is above the floodplain, and most mechanical systems are similarly raised. In addition, new elevator pits would be made waterproof.[260]

Klaus Jacob, a professor at Columbia University, has stated approval of the project stems from the "shortsightedness of decision-making" by its developers and the city in the face of impending climate change.[261] In his 2017 novel New York 2140, author Kim Stanley Robinson mentions the inundation of the neighborhood by rising waters.[262]

Technology implementation edit

The rail yard development was designed to be technologically advanced, in that the owners would collect all sorts of data within the buildings using sensors and other data-collecting instruments.[188][263] The innovations included:

New York University's Center for Urban Science and Progress designed the infrastructure with the developers of Hudson Yards. Fiber loops connected to satellite dishes on rooftops, to transponders, and to two-way radios would create a network covering the 14 acres (6 ha) of open space as well as 17 million square feet (1,600,000 m2) of commercial space.[263] The technology was designed to be adaptable: updates to infrastructure would be performed as new technological advances are made.[188]

 
Seen from the Hudson River near North River Pier 66 at 26th Street

See also edit

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Further reading edit

  • Arak, Joey. "Brookfield Properties Goes Splittsville" on Curbed.com (November 19, 2007)
  • Chaban, Matt. "Scaling the Towers of Hudson Yards" in New York Observer (July 12, 2011)
  • Davidson, Justin. "From 0 to 12 Million Square Feet" New York (October 7, 2012).
  • Dobkin, Jake. "" in Gothamist (July 16, 2015
  • "Reimagining the Far West Side". A 2004 proposal for the Hudson Yards area commissioned by magazine City Journal
  • Samtani, Hiten. "Anatomy of a deal: Inside Related/Oxford’s unusual financing of Hudson Yards" in The Real Deal (August 16, 2013))
  • (PDF). Hudson Yards. May 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2018.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project.
  • Official website

January 01, 1970
hudson, yards, development, this, article, about, development, neighborhood, manhattan, hudson, yards, manhattan, other, uses, hudson, yards, disambiguation, hudson, yards, acre, real, estate, development, hudson, yards, neighborhood, manhattan, york, city, be. This article is about the development For the neighborhood of Manhattan see Hudson Yards Manhattan For other uses see Hudson Yards disambiguation Hudson Yards is a 28 acre 11 ha real estate development in the Hudson Yards neighborhood in Manhattan New York City between the Chelsea and Hell s Kitchen neighborhoods It is located on the waterfront of the Hudson River Upon completion 13 of the 16 planned structures on the West Side of Midtown South would sit on a platform built over the West Side Yard a storage yard for Long Island Rail Road trains hence the development s name The first of its two phases opened in 2019 comprises a public green space and eight structures that contain residences a hotel office buildings a mall and a cultural facility The second phase on which construction had not started as of 2023 update will include residential space an office building and a school Hudson YardsHudson Yards in September 2021LocationAbove West Side Yard Manhattan New York CityCoordinates40 45 15 N 74 00 09 W 40 75417 N 74 00250 W 40 75417 74 00250StatusUnder constructionGroundbreakingDecember 4 2012 11 years ago 2012 12 04 1 Estimated completion2027 3 years time 2027 CompaniesArchitectGeneral site plan Kohn Pedersen Fox Thomas Heatherwick50 Hudson Yards only Foster Partners 2 55 Hudson Yards only Roche Dinkeloo 3 DeveloperThe Related Companies L P Oxford Properties Group Inc Technical detailsCostUS 25 billionBuildings10 15 30 35 50 55 Hudson Yards and The ShedSize28 acres 11 ha Related Companies and Oxford Properties are the primary developers and major equity partners in the project Related Oxford and other large investors have funded Hudson Yards construction from several capital sources including from foreign investors through the EB 5 investment program Mitsui Fudosan owns a 92 09 percent stake in 55 Hudson Yards and a 90 percent stake in 50 Hudson Yards The architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the master plan for the site and architects including Skidmore Owings and Merrill Thomas Heatherwick Foster Partners Roche Dinkeloo and Diller Scofidio Renfro contributed designs for individual structures Major office tenants include or will include fashion company Tapestry consulting firm BCG the new New York bureau for CNN and urban planning organization Sidewalk Labs The Hudson Yards site was initially intended for other developments most notably in the early 2000s as the site of the West Side Stadium during the New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics Public officials and private investors began developing the new Hudson Yards plan after the failure of the West Side Stadium Construction began in 2012 with the groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards and the first phase opened on March 15 2019 Agreements between various entities including the local government the Metropolitan Transportation Authority MTA and the state of New York made the development possible The special zoning for Hudson Yards an area roughly bound by 30th Street in the south 41st Street in the north 11th Avenue in the west and Eighth Avenue in the east further incentivized the building of other large scale projects Hudson Yards is adjacent but unrelated to Manhattan West 3 Hudson Boulevard and The Spiral Contents 1 Site and structures 1 1 10 Hudson Yards 1 2 15 Hudson Yards 1 3 The Shed 1 4 30 Hudson Yards 1 5 35 Hudson Yards 1 6 50 Hudson Yards 1 7 55 Hudson Yards 1 8 The Shops amp Restaurants at Hudson Yards 1 9 Public plaza 1 10 Neighboring projects 1 10 1 Joint ventures with Spitzer Enterprises 2 History 2 1 Older site proposals 2 2 Bidding process 2 2 1 Submissions 2 2 2 Selection 2 3 Construction and opening 2 3 1 Labor disputes 2 4 2020s to present 2 4 1 COVID 19 pandemic and recovery 2 4 2 Vendor disputes 2 5 Future development 2 5 1 Early plans 2 5 2 Wynn New York City proposal 3 Rail yard platform 4 Financing and ownership 5 Tenants 6 Design and reception 6 1 Architectural critiques 6 2 Restaurants and amenities 6 3 Public perception 6 4 Resilience 6 5 Technology implementation 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksSite and structures edit nbsp Map of buildings and structures at Hudson Yards Zoom the map and click on points for more details This map viewtalkedit The eastern portion of the site developed as Phase 1 is located between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues It contains three office towers on Tenth Avenue two of which have a retail podium between them Phase 1 also includes The Shed performing arts center a public plaza the Vessel sculpture and three residential skyscrapers on Eleventh Avenue 4 Developers plan to build Phase 2 the western portion of the development above tracks between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues Phase 2 will provide additional office and residential space 5 10 Hudson Yards edit nbsp 10 Hudson Yards Main article 10 Hudson Yards The 52 story 895 foot 273 m 10 Hudson Yards is located at Tenth Avenue and 30th Street along the southeastern corner of Phase 1 It opened in 2016 6 Ground was broken for the building on December 4 2012 1 Construction began with 10 Hudson Yards as it was not built over railroad tracks However 10 Hudson Yards does straddle the High Line spur to Tenth Avenue 7 10 Hudson Yards opened on May 31 2016 6 and was the first structure in the Hudson Yards development to be occupied by tenants 8 Companies with offices in the building include L Oreal BCG Sidewalk Labs and anchor tenant Coach Early on during construction Coach purchased a stake in the building which was sold back to Related toward the end of construction 9 Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the building 10 15 Hudson Yards edit Main article 15 Hudson Yards 15 Hudson Yards originally proposed as Tower D is located on Eleventh Avenue and West 30th Street near Phase 1 s southwestern corner The building connects to a semi permanent structure a performance and arts space known as The Shed 11 15 Hudson Yards started construction in December 2014 12 was topped out in February 2018 and opened in early 2019 When completed 15 Hudson Yards included 285 residential units 13 Its original design with a pronounced corset at the middle of the tower s height attracted attention 14 15 15 Hudson Yards 16 is designed by Diller Scofidio Renfro Lead Architect and Rockwell Group Lead Interior Architect 17 Prospective low income tenants of the building filed a lawsuit against Related 18 The suit alleges the company created a different address 553 West 30th Street for 15 Hudson Yards affordable units and that the tenants of those units would not have access to the same amenities as those in the market rate units 18 The suit alleges the building does not have an actual poor door but does still segregate its tenants through a poor address and poor floors 19 Poor doors were banned in 2015 by then New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio 20 The Shed edit nbsp The Shed Main article The Shed Hudson Yards The Shed is an arts center housed in the Bloomberg Building 21 a three story structure adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards The space is focused on providing cultural programming and is maintained by an organization of the same name 22 Its most prominent feature is a retractable shell that wraps around its roof and its northern and southern facades 23 24 The Shed opened on April 5 2019 25 30 Hudson Yards edit Main article 30 Hudson Yards The 103 story 1 270 feet 387 m 30 Hudson Yards is located at Tenth Avenue and 33rd Street It is the city s sixth tallest building 26 Construction began after caissons were sunk to support the platform over the tracks the latter of which was raised 12 to 27 feet 4 to 8 m above ground level at the same elevation as the High Line 27 30 Hudson Yards opened on March 15 2019 28 29 30 An observation deck on the building s 100th floor opened in March 2020 31 35 Hudson Yards edit nbsp nbsp 15 Hudson Yards and 35 Hudson Yards Main article 35 Hudson Yards 35 Hudson Yards is located at Eleventh Avenue and 33rd Street Construction on the building s foundation was started in January 2015 32 and it topped out in June 2018 33 35 Hudson Yards opened on March 15 2019 28 29 30 The mixed use building contains 137 condominiums an Equinox brand hotel an Equinox brand gym medical offices and retail space 33 34 David Childs the chairman of Skidmore Owings amp Merrill contributed the designs 35 50 Hudson Yards edit Main article 50 Hudson Yards Work on the 981 foot 299 m tall 36 50 Hudson Yards located at Tenth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets began in May 2018 37 with construction completed in 2022 38 BlackRock signed on as an anchor tenant and is to occupy 850 000 square feet 79 000 m2 in the building 39 but Facebook will occupy more space with 1 2 million square feet 110 000 m2 40 41 Foster Partners designed the building which will rank as the fourth largest office tower in New York City in terms of available leaseable area when completed with 2 9 million square feet 270 000 m2 available to lease 2 Along with 55 Hudson Yards it is one of two structures in the first phase not located above the rail yard 39 Mitsui Fudosan owns a 90 percent stake in the building 42 while Bank of China Deutsche Bank and Wells Fargo contributed financing for the tower 42 55 Hudson Yards edit Main article 55 Hudson Yards The 780 foot tall 240 m 55 Hudson Yards located at Eleventh Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and Roche Dinkeloo 3 55 Hudson Yards started construction on January 22 2015 43 and topped out in August 2017 44 Mitsui Fudosan owns a 92 09 percent stake in the building Like 50 Hudson Yards 55 is not located over the rail yard and was not included in the original master plan as created by KPF Cooley a law firm signed a lease to occupy 130 000 square feet 12 000 m2 across five stories 45 Another law firm Milbank will occupy 250 000 square feet 23 000 m2 46 American cryptocurrency trading platform Coinbase has sublet 30 000 square feet 2 800 m2 from Point72 Asset Management in the building 47 To lower costs and allow flexibility during the build construction emphasized the use of concrete over steel 48 Two architectural firms Kohn Pederson Fox and Roche Dinkeloo were involved in the design of the building which is the first collaborative effort between the two firms 49 The Shops amp Restaurants at Hudson Yards edit Main article The Shops amp Restaurants at Hudson Yards nbsp Interior of the mall seen in March 2019 Phase 1 also included a seven story mall with 100 shops and 20 restaurants called the Shops amp Restaurants at Hudson Yards It has 1 million square feet 93 000 m2 of space including 750 000 square feet 70 000 m2 in retail including department stores 27 32 In September 2014 Neiman Marcus signed to become the anchor tenant of the Hudson Yards Retail Space 50 The retail space designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and Elkus Manfredi Architects 51 52 with a connection to the bases of 10 and 30 Hudson Yards started construction in June 2015 32 53 with a 100 000 short ton 91 000 000 kg order of steel one of the largest such orders in the history of the United States 54 The mall opened on March 15 2019 29 30 55 The Neiman Marcus store occupied the top 3 levels and 1 4 of the mall or 250 000 square feet 23 000 m2 before its closure 50 56 Chef and restaurateur Thomas Keller has opened a restaurant in the complex in addition to selecting 11 other restaurants in the retail space 32 57 There is fine dining on the fifth through seventh floors as well as more casual fare on the second through fourth floors 58 The mall is anchored by Dior and Chanel on the topmost floors with a Fifth Avenue mix of shops such as H amp M Zara and Sephora below them 32 The Neiman Marcus closed in 2020 as part of a plan to close 24 locations nationwide having been open only for 16 months The former Neiman Marcus is slated to be converted to office space 59 Public plaza edit nbsp Vessel There is a 6 acre 2 ha public square with 28 000 plants and 225 trees 60 on the platform 27 The public square is a ventilation area for the West Side Yards as well as a storm water runoff site Storm water that runs off into the square is reused throughout the development 4 Because it is located on top of an active rail yard the public square is located over a 6 foot 1 8 m deep plenum above a cooling slab with 15 fans blowing air at 45 miles per hour 72 km h and a 60 000 US gallon 230 000 L 50 000 imp gal rainwater storage tank The entire platform is supported by 234 caissons The plantings are rooted within smart soil 32 60 The plaza opened along with the mall on March 15 2019 55 29 30 Vessel a permanent art installation designed by Thomas Heatherwick is located at the center of the plaza The installation a 16 story freestanding structure of connected staircases cost US 150 million 61 62 Heatherwick took inspiration from Indian step wells in the design 63 Stephen M Ross has compared the structure to the Eiffel Tower 64 and it has also been informally dubbed The Shawarma 65 Vessel opened on March 15 2019 55 After three suicides at the Vessel Related closed the structure temporarily in January 2021 66 67 Vessel reopened in May 2021 with a rule requiring visitors to come in groups and a new ticket fee for most visitors 68 69 but Vessel was closed again in July 2021 after a fourth suicide 70 As of August 2022 Hudson Yards officials were installing safety nets around Vessel in preparation for the structure s possible reopening 71 Neighboring projects edit nbsp Hudson Residences building Lantern House under construction in March 2019 The Hudson Yards development sits directly west of the second largest project in the area Manhattan West a 7 acre 2 8 ha mixed use multi building development also built above previously exposed rail yards 72 73 Two large scale single building office developments border the eastern portion of Hudson Yards The larger known as The Spiral is owned by Tishman Speyer 74 The smaller development is known as 3 Hudson Boulevard 75 Several existing or planned residential buildings border Phase 1 Related owns three One Hudson Yards Abington House and 451 Tenth Avenue 76 Despite sharing a developer these buildings are distinct from the main Hudson Yards project 77 Another Related development also on the West Side originally dubbed Hudson Residences was under construction at the same time as Hudson Yards 78 The project consists of two residential buildings one designed by Thomas Heatherwick the other by Robert A M Stern Architects 79 601 West 29th Street 80 and 606 West 30th Street are under construction south of the two Related developments 81 Despite the involvement of two separate real estate companies they are being developed together due to their proximity 81 Joint ventures with Spitzer Enterprises edit In 2020 Spitzer Enterprises and Related Companies received 276 million in loans for a 526 unit housing development in Hudson Yards at 451 10th Avenue 82 The building also given the address 455 10th Avenue includes a mix of upscale urban senior living communities and executive apartments 83 The senior living and executive apartments are respectively be marketed under the brands The Coterie and The Set 84 85 Handel Architects designed 451 10th Avenue 86 In October 2021 Related purchased 99 9 stakes in three sites owned by Spitzer Enterprises at 511 West 35th Street 506 West 36th Street and 512 West 36th Street 87 History editOlder site proposals edit Several developers and other entities proposed uses for the rail yard during the 20th century In 1956 William Zeckendorf suggested the construction of the Freedom Tower which would have risen 1 750 feet 530 m 88 making it the tallest building in the world at the time 89 Transportation to the new complex would have been via a passenger conveyor belt from further east in Midtown Zeckendorf never purchased the rights as he was unable to secure financing for the deal given that large scale speculative real estate projects were not an asset class that institutional investors and lenders took an interest in at the time 90 The administration of Mayor Robert F Wagner Jr released a 670 million development plan in 1963 which was ultimately never realized 91 In the 1980s both the Jets and the Yankees proposed new stadiums above the rails though none of these projects succeeded Another ultimately unsuccessful plan for a new stadium for the Yankees was proposed above the West Side Yard in 1993 92 A similar plan for a Yankee stadium above the West Side Yard was proposed in 1996 93 and was endorsed by mayor Rudy Giuliani 94 However the plan also received opposition from many other public figures 94 and was also not built 92 By the early 2000s plans for the rail yard long included a new Olympic stadium 95 to become the home of the Jets after the games ended 96 Proposers dubbed the structure the New York Sports and Convention Center In addition to the stadium rezoning the adjacent area would have incentivized the construction of some 13 000 new residential units and 28 million square feet 2 600 000 m2 of office space 97 98 This effort led by Daniel Doctoroff was unpopular with the public and politicians 99 In January 2005 the New York City Council approved the 60 block rezoning including the eastern portion of the West Side Yard 100 Michael Bloomberg then the city s mayor subsequently separated the city s broader rezoning plans from the rail yard stadium 101 102 In conjunction with the city the Metropolitan Transportation Authority MTA issued a Request for Proposal RFP for a 12 7 million square foot 1 180 000 m2 mixed use development to be built on platforms over the rail yard which would remain in use throughout 103 The MTA received three bids to cap and lease the rail yard Cablevision the owner of the nearby Madison Square Garden the New York Jets organization and TransGas Energy all submitted proposals 104 The Jets won the development rights but several lawsuits filed after the bidding process alleged they won without paying a fair price 105 In June 2005 New York State Assembly speaker Sheldon Silver voted against the stadium definitively eliminating the possibility of support at the state level and the possibility of the stadium s construction 106 Although Bloomberg and others expressed doubts about interest in the area from real estate companies after the stadium fell through development nevertheless continued 107 The former mayor later expressed that the loss of the stadium may have been a blessing for New York 108 The MTA received proceeds from the development s 2006 bond offering to pay for an extension of the New York City Subway s 7 and lt 7 gt trains to 34th Street Hudson Yards station 109 With funding assured the MTA proceeded quickly to construct the extension 110 The first construction contracts were awarded in October 2007 111 112 and the subway extension opened on September 13 2015 113 114 Bidding process edit nbsp Hudson Yards seen from the 102nd floor of the Empire State Building November 2018 In late 2006 the city and the MTA backed out of a plan for the city to purchase the development site and created a proposal to seek bids from private developers 115 This was followed by a formal request for proposals in 2008 with the intention of creating a large scale mixed use development above the rail yards Five developers responded to the RFP Extell Development Company Tishman Speyer 116 Brookfield Vornado Realty Trust with the Durst Organization and the Related Companies 117 Submissions edit Brookfield s Skidmore Owings and Merrill designed master plan known as Hudson Place and Hudson Green proposed constructing 15 towers four office and 11 residential hotel that would range in height from 300 feet 91 m to 1 280 feet 390 m The buildings would include 7 4 million square feet 690 000 m2 of office space and 4 000 residential units including 400 devoted to affordable housing 118 Hudson Place encompassed the office component covering the eastern portion of the railyards while Hudson Green was residential focused and planned for the western railyards 119 Individual towers would have been designed by SHoP Architects SANAA Thomas Phifer Handel Architects and Diller Scofidio Renfro 120 121 The development would have also included two hotels a cultural center school two parks 4 4 acres for Hudson Green and 3 4 acres for Hudson Place and 100 000 square feet 9 300 m2 of space for the Children s Museum of Manhattan 122 Durst and Vornado hired FXCollaborative and Cesar Pelli to design a development named Hudson Center which would have included 13 towers ranging from 250 feet 76 m to 1 200 feet 370 m tall 122 The development would be split between 6 million square feet 560 000 m2 of office space and 6 500 residential units 600 of which would have been affordable The developers also would have included 12 acres of open space and a subterranean people mover system connecting the complex to Penn Station 118 123 Media company Conde Nast agreed to anchor the development by taking all 1 5 million square feet 140 000 m2 of office space in the largest office tower and move from their headquarters at Durst s 4 Times Square in 2015 124 125 Extell in a master plan designed by Steven Holl proposed 11 towers with just two featuring office space and the rest devoted to 3 812 residential units 118 The company s proposal also featured 19 5 acres of outdoor space including an outdoor amphitheatre and a sculpture garden named after Sol LeWitt 122 The company also would have built a new ferry terminal on the Hudson River as well as a Long Island Rail Road stop at the site 123 Extell s proposal was fundamentally different than the others as they proposed constructing a suspension deck over the rail yards similar to a suspension bridge rather than the truss structure every other developer proposed 124 Extell claimed this method would be more cost effective but the suspension structure also would not have been strong enough to support large buildings Due to this all of Extell s proposed towers were clustered at the edges of the site in order to sit on solid ground while the deck itself would hold only the proposal s open spaces and park Other unique aspects included a central reservoir to collect stormwater a geothermal cooling system and cogeneration which together would reduce energy use by almost 50 126 Writing in The Wall Street Journal Ada Louise Huxtable praised the proposal writing that it could have the unity character and potential beauty of a Rockefeller Center 124 The New York Times added to the praise writing that the proposal is the only one worth serious consideration 120 Related s initial proposal envisioned 13 towers split between 3 office building and 10 residential structures The company divided the space between 6 7 million square feet 620 000 m2 of office space and 4 962 residential units 118 The towers would have varied in height from 350 feet 110 m to 1 100 feet 340 m and been designed by a diverse array of architects including Arquitectonica Robert A M Stern and Kohn Pedersen Fox 124 Proposed amenities included a school winter garden and 15 1 acres of open space 122 Related also secured a commitment from Rupert Murdoch s News Corporation to move their headquarters into one of the new office towers at the development 124 However News Corporation later pulled out of the deal which led Related to bid only on the residential focused Western railyard rather than the entire site Due to this the MTA disqualified the Related bid 127 Tishman Speyer s bid designed by Helmut Jahn covered 11 towers centered on four large office towers surrounded by seven smaller residential buildings Two of the office towers would have stood at 900 feet 270 m while the other two would be taller at 1 100 feet 340 m with the accompanying residential buildings varying between 400 feet 120 m and 570 feet 170 m tall 122 The company s bid was the most office focused with plans featuring 10 6 million square feet 980 000 m2 of commercial space and 3 000 residential units 118 The proposed buildings would total over 12 million square feet 1 100 000 m2 of space with 13 acres of open space and also include 379 units of affordable housing 128 Investment bank Morgan Stanley would have occupied all 3 million square feet 280 000 m2 of office space in both the taller office towers as the company s headquarters and also would have provided equity and debt financing for the project 129 Selection edit Tishman Speyer a New York based real estate conglomerate won the bid in March 2008 130 Tishman Speyer won a 1 billion bid to lease and cap the West Side Yard with payment due as annual rent over a 99 year period 131 It would also spend another 2 billion for development over the rail yards including for the two platforms over the yards to support 15 acres 6 1 ha of public spaces four office buildings and ten high rise residential towers 130 Tishman had secured the investment bank Morgan Stanley as both an anchor tenant and financial backer 132 Two months later the deal broke down when Morgan Stanley pulled out due to the late 2000s financial crisis 133 Subsequently the MTA chose the Related Companies and Goldman Sachs to develop Hudson Yards under the same conditions 131 134 Related s revised plan included 13 buildings encompassing 12 million square feet of space including 2 154 rental apartments 20 of which would be affordable Other components included 2 619 condominiums 5 5 million square feet 510 000 m2 of offices a hotel about 757 000 square feet 70 300 m2 of retail a school and a 200 000 sq ft 19 000 m2 cultural facility 127 In December 2009 the New York City Council approved Related Companies revised plan for Hudson Yards and the western portion of the West Side Yard was rezoned 103 Following the rail yards successful rezoning the MTA signed another 99 year lease to the air rights over the rail yard in May 2010 The air rights were signed over to a joint venture of Related Companies and Oxford Properties Group which invested 400 million to build a platform above both the eastern and western portions of the yard on which to construct the buildings 103 135 In April 2013 the Related Oxford joint venture obtained a 475 million construction loan from parties including Barry Sternlicht s Starwood Capital Group and luxury retailer Coach The financing deal was unique in several aspects including the fact that it included a construction mezzanine loan that Coach was a lender on both the debt and equity sides 136 and that the MTA reused a severable lease structure previously used by Battery Park City that allowed for the loans A portion of the project was also financed by the EB 5 investment program which uses capital from immigrants who become eligible for a green card 137 Construction and opening edit nbsp Hudson Yards under construction in 2015 The groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards which was not built on the platform occurred on December 4 2012 At that event the start of construction was also announced for 30 Hudson Yards 138 139 No tenants had been secured for any building in the complex when construction started on 10 Hudson Yards However three tenants L Oreal Coach and SAP were announced in 2013 140 In October 2013 New York s Industrial Development Agency granted Related a 328 million tax exemption for 20 and 30 Hudson Yards in addition to the previously approved 106 million exemption for 10 Hudson Yards 141 Shortly after Related announced construction would begin on the platform covering the eastern railyards in January 2014 and cost 721 million 142 Construction on the platform began in March 2014 after Related secured a 250 million loan from Deutsche Bank 143 The erection of the platform was necessary in order to start construction on 15 30 and 35 Hudson Yards 144 145 The platform for the Eastern Rail Yard was completed in October 2015 and the western platform was completed by 2016 4 In anticipation of the completion of the structures at Hudson Yards the section of the High Line elevated park adjacent to the development opened in September 2014 146 147 148 After several delays in the completion of the 34th Street subway station 149 the station opened the following September 150 However the first building in the complex 10 Hudson Yards did not open until May 31 2016 6 Groundbreaking occurred for 15 Hudson Yards in December 2014 12 and work on 35 Hudson Yards and 55 Hudson Yards both started the following month 32 43 Construction on The Shed adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards began in mid 2015 after its pilings were completed 151 4 A 16 story honeycomb shaped structure with stairwells named Vessel in the center of Hudson Yards public plaza was unveiled to the public in September 2016 152 The pieces of Vessel were fabricated off site and were brought to Hudson Yards for assembly starting in April 2017 153 154 Work on the final building in the first phase 50 Hudson Yards began in May 2018 37 nbsp Further construction August 2018 55 Hudson Yards topped out in August 2017 44 while 15 30 and 35 Hudson Yards all topped out in 2018 13 33 All four structures were opened on March 14 2019 as were the Shed shopping center and Vessel 55 In addition neither the High Line nor the 34th Street station were completed at the time of their respective openings A second entrance to the 34th Street station was opened in September 2018 155 while the High Line spur adjacent to 10 Hudson Yards opened in June 2019 156 157 Labor disputes edit Higher costs for materials and land after the 2008 recession have caused real estate companies to seek lower labor costs In New York City non union labor has made inroads although workers tend to have less training and experience Douglas Durst a real estate magnate in New York has said Related is leading the charge among New York based companies in employing non union labor 158 Beginning in late 2017 unions working at the site alleged Related continue d to look for deeper and deeper concessions in their negotiations and begin organizing a campaign referred to as CountMeIn 159 158 Related s push to change the site to an open shop would mostly affect the second phase of construction on the western yard 160 The labor dispute is ongoing as of February 2019 update though there have been meetings between labor leader Gary LaBarbera and Related executive Bruce Beal Jr 161 2020s to present edit COVID 19 pandemic and recovery edit nbsp Facing east toward Hudson Yards in 2021 The Edge observation deck on the 100th floor of 30 Hudson Yards had opened on March 11 2020 but the onset of the COVID 19 pandemic in New York City caused Related to close Edge two days later 31 162 The restaurant on the 101st floor of the same building Peak also opened on March 11 but closed the following day after a staff member contracted COVID 19 163 In April 2020 The Wall Street Journal reported that condominium sales had slowed due to the pandemic 164 The Journal also noted a downturn in retail rent collections at the development This decline occurred in part due to unique contracts between Related and its tenants which meant the developer collected income based on sales rather than traditional fixed payments 164 In May 2020 the Financial Times noted the development had become a ghost town 165 The Wall Street Journal reported in July that the Hudson Yards Neiman Marcus location the flagship of the development s retail offerings would close 166 Related opted to turn the Neiman Marcus store into offices instead of a store 167 Thomas Keller closed his restaurant in the complex in August 2020 168 The Hudson Yards mall reopened in September 2020 though Bloomberg noted few visitors 169 The Edge observation deck also reopened that month 170 171 Despite the closures Barclays reportedly considered Hudson Yards as a location for a new American headquarters in late 2020 172 173 Additionally BlackRock indicated in early 2021 that it still intended to move its headquarters to 50 Hudson Yards in 2022 or 2023 174 It joined Ernst and Young in companies relocating to Hudson Yards by 2024 175 Due to the financial problems caused by the pandemic Related has sought a low interest loan from the Department of Transportation to cap the western yard the first step in beginning the project s second phase 176 A 2023 study from The Real Deal magazine found that rental rates for Class A office space the highest class of offices were twice the rates for Class B office space 177 As a result its developers were paying the city government 200 million more annually than the city had anticipated 178 By early 2024 more than 90 percent of the office space at Hudson Yards was occupied including all of the space in several buildings In addition nearly as many people were visiting the mall daily compared to in 2019 and over 80 percent of employees at Hudson Yards worked in person between Monday and Thursday twice the comparable rate citywide 175 Vendor disputes edit Street vendors who have legally 179 operated on public property near the development since before its opening allege they have been the targets of harassment from security employed by Related and the NYPD 180 Related has installed landscaping with the alleged intention of depriving the vendors of adequate space to place their carts 180 Related first installed new tree pits leaving space for one cart and later placed a large planter in the final available space 180 After receiving summonses from NYPD officers in May 2021 contravening a policy removing police from enforcing vendor compliance with laws the vendors organized a protest This protest was supported by Manhattan Borough President Gale Brewer 179 Future development edit nbsp The western portion of West Side Yard visible in the foreground is the site for the proposed Phase 2 Early plans edit The western portion of the yard is bordered by 30th Street and 33rd Street in the north and south and Eleventh and Twelfth avenues in the east and west The western phase of the project was originally to contain up to seven residential towers an office building at 33rd Street and Eleventh Avenue tentatively known as West Tower and a school serving Pre K to eighth grade students 4 The third phase of the High Line will traverse Phase 2 of the project 11 According to Architectural Digest magazine Santiago Calatrava Robert A M Stern Architects Thomas Heatherwick and Frank Gehry are involved in the design of the second phase s residential towers 181 182 Related Companies had previously commissioned works from Stern 183 Heatherwick 184 185 and Gehry 186 Work on the platform to cover the second half of the tracks was originally scheduled to begin in 2018 187 and Phase 2 was to have been completed by 2024 188 However construction was later rescheduled to begin in 2019 29 Around 500 million of financing for Phase 2 was approved in mid 2018 189 As of February 2021 update there was no set completion date for Phase 2 because of the COVID 19 pandemic 5 167 In 2022 Related held discussions with representatives of Madison Square Garden about moving the sporting and entertainment facility to the development 190 In March 2023 The New Yorker reported that Madison Square Garden had ended the discussions 191 Wynn New York City proposal edit Wynn New York CityLocationHudson Yards New York City New York United StatesOpening dateTBDNo of rooms1 750Casino typeResortOperating license holderWynn Resorts In late 2022 multiple sources reported that Related had entered into a partnership with Wynn Resorts to attempt to develop an integrated resort with a casino on the western yard presumably replacing earlier plans 192 193 The next year it was announced that the plan would include a resort tower developed with Wynn as well as a casino and hotel The plan includes a previously unannounced 2 million square foot office tower as well as a previously disclosed apartment building school and park 194 195 This plan would require that the partnership secure one of several available licenses issued by New York state for casinos in New York City and its surroundings 192 196 Competitors for the casino licenses include a joint venture between SL Green Realty and Caesars Entertainment Soloviev Group and other bidders 197 The 1 189 feet 362 m proposed hotel located west of 11th Avenue would be 80 stories tall and would include 1 750 rooms making it one of largest hotels in New York City if built 198 In March 2024 Wynn Resorts released renderings of the proposed resort and other components of the western portion of the project 199 200 Rail yard platform edit nbsp 30th Street staging area for construction equipment and materials The new platform upon which the Hudson Yards development is being built is bordered by 10th and 12th Avenues and by 30th and 33rd Streets 201 202 In 2014 it was expected to cost more than 20 billion 203 and was projected to eventually see 65 000 visitors a day 204 Construction on the platform began in March 2014 144 145 Construction was overseen by Related Companies executive vice president Timur Galen 205 The 28 acre 11 ha Hudson Yards project 27 206 is located in the Hudson Yards area of Manhattan between the Chelsea and Hell s Kitchen neighborhoods 207 It was constructed over the existing at grade West Side Yard allowing LIRR trains to continue to be stored during midday hours 208 To minimize construction impact on the LIRR s ability to store trains during midday and peak hours caissons were drilled into bedrock throughout much of the site over which the platform was to be built 208 However only 38 of the ground level at West Side Yard was to be filled in with columns to support the development 209 Much of the platform itself was built by a huge Manitowoc 18000 crane 210 The eastern platform supporting the towers comprises 16 bridges 211 The platform for the Eastern Rail Yard was completed in October 2015 and the western part of the platform was completed the following year 4 In 2013 Amtrak announced it would build a tunnel box through the project areas to reserve the space for a future rail right of way such as the proposed Gateway Project 212 213 Construction began September 2013 and took two years 214 The underground concrete casing is 800 ft 240 m long 50 ft 15 m wide and approximately 35 ft 11 m tall 215 Financing and ownership editProjected to cost 25 billion upon its completion Hudson Yards is one of the most expensive real estate developments ever built in the United States 216 217 and the largest private development in the country s history 218 Under the terms of their agreement with Oxford Related retains a 60 percent stake in the complex 219 Related is unusual among real estate firms in that it develops and subsequently retains ownership of rental buildings it constructs meaning it has a large portfolio of affordable rental properties that provide consistent income 220 Initial funding came exclusively from Related and partner Goldman Sachs After Goldman exited this arrangement Related and its new partner Oxford secured a number of capital sources 221 222 These include conventional lenders such as Wells Fargo foreign investors through the EB 5 program and a debt raise on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange 221 600 million of the project s financing has come from EB 5 making it the project to receive the most funding from the program Other lenders include The Children s Investment Fund Foundation Deutsche Bank and Allianz As of September 2017 Related had raised about 18 billion in funds 223 Related has also received or otherwise benefited from 6 billion in investments and tax breaks from the city in conjunction with Hudson Yards construction 224 While The New York Times described the 6 billion as comprising numerous tax breaks a columnist for Crain s New York Business disputed this statement saying There are two significant tax breaks which the New School totals at a little more than 1 36 billion and that the rest of the investment was in infrastructure such as parks and the 7 Subway Extension 225 The 6 billion sum includes 1 6 billion given by Empire State Development Corporation to Hudson Yards The agency which distributes funding through geographical districts classified Hudson Yards as being in the same economically troubled area as the sparsely populated Central Park and low income housing developments in Harlem thereby qualifying the project for EB 5 funds 226 Funds for infrastructure projects that will serve the new development including 2 4 billion spent on the 7 Subway Extension project 224 1 2 billion for Hudson Park and Boulevard 224 An additional 1 billion was given to other developers who were building nearby projects 224 Tenants edit10 Hudson Yards is occupied by Coach 6 the Boston Consulting Group 227 and Sidewalk Labs 228 30 Hudson Yards would be occupied by Time Warner 229 DNB Bank 230 Wells Fargo Securities 231 and Facebook once it opens 50 Hudson Yards which opened in 2022 232 hosts the corporate headquarters of BlackRock and part of it also being occupied by Facebook 40 41 55 Hudson Yards would be occupied by at least three law firms Boies Schiller amp Flexner 233 Cooley LLP 45 and Milbank Tweed Hadley amp McCloy 46 as well as by Facebook 40 41 electronic trading platform MarketAxess 234 and pharmaceutical company Intercept Pharmaceuticals 235 The city has enticed large tenants to Hudson Yards by making them eligible for discretionary tax credits once they add a certain number of jobs there 224 Joe Patrice writing for Above the Law noted that with the move of Cooley LLP to 55 Hudson Yards from the Grace Building there was an official trend of law firms moving to the new office buildings on the far West Side 236 This move westward follows a trend from earlier in the 21st century when firms began moving from parts of Midtown such as the Plaza District to Times Square and other areas with new office towers 237 A number of financial firms have left offices in Midtown or the Financial District for the development 238 Following speculation that private equity company KKR might move to Hudson Yards other finance focused companies became more interested in the possibility of relocating there KKR s long time occupancy at the Solow Building in Midtown produced a similar effect as Apollo Global Management Och Ziff Capital Management and Silver Lake Partners had also taken space in the Midtown building 239 KKR ultimately decided to move to 30 Hudson Yards Silver Lake announced it would leave the Solow Building for 55 Hudson Yards in 2017 after speculation it would do so 239 240 BlackRock another major financial company signed on as an anchor tenant at 50 Hudson Yards where it is to occupy 850 000 square feet 79 000 m2 39 Financial Times wrote that Hudson Yards is the boldest expression of a new fashion in corporate real estate that buildings and space should be potent weapons in a fight to recruit and retain talented young workers 241 Equinox Fitness also operates the world s largest Equinox branded gym at 35 Hudson Yards 238 Design and reception editArchitectural critiques edit Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the site s master plan as well as four individual buildings 10 30 and 55 Hudson Yards and the shopping center Firms and individual architects working on distinct buildings did not meet to produce a uniform aesthetic or review the plans for individual buildings together Two architects involved in the project Thomas Woltz and Bill Pedersen have respectively compared the relationship between the buildings to mastodons pineapples sheds swizzlesticks and bubble mats and elephants dancing 242 Justin Davidson writing for New York in 2018 referred to 10 Hudson Yards as taller fatter and greener than historical New York City skyscrapers despite more staid interiors with typical open floor plans and corresponding curtain wall 243 Davidson later compared Hudson Yards unfavorably to Manhattan West writing that the Brookfield development feels like a corner of New York conceived with actual human beings in mind while Hudson Yards has aged from a shiny new space station to a disconsolate one 244 New York Times architecture critic Michael Kimmelman called Hudson Yards a gated community catering to the upper class writing A relic of dated 2000s thinking nearly devoid of urban design it declines to blend into the city grid 245 The Guardian s architecture and design critic Oliver Wainwright said that the real shock is that it s quite so bad and that the new buildings represented ungainly lumps with the logic of design presenting a mostly blank frontage of service hatches and lift lobbies to the city 246 Restaurants and amenities edit In a review of the restaurant offerings at Hudson Yards written in anticipation of the complex opening to the public Ryan Sutton criticized Related and Oxford for including only two establishments run by women 247 Further Sutton criticized Related and Oxford for failing to provide opportunities for small local operators to open in Hudson Yards instead leasing to restaurateurs and organizations which had already experienced great success 247 Sutton also criticized the lack of vibrancy at Hudson Yards caused by a lack of street level restaurants 247 Sutton noted the presence of several chain establishments such as Sweetgreen and Think Coffee at street level in and near the complex but wrote that Fast casual isn t known for fostering communal dinnertime bonhomie 247 In his review Sutton did express positive anticipation of Mercado Little Spain a restaurant and food court which had not yet opened in 10 Hudson Yards at the time the piece was published by Eater 247 When Mercado Little Spain ultimately opened in 2019 Eater published a mixed review of its offerings written by Robert Sietsema 248 In a separate review by Sutton of the opened complex published in 2019 the critic referred to Hudson Yards as the worst place to eat fancy food in New York 249 In the 2019 review which served as an introduction to Eater s individual reviews of restaurants in Hudson Yards Sutton panned TAK Room a restaurant by Thomas Keller but offered praise for Kawi and Milos Wine Bar 249 In his full review of TAK Room Sutton criticized its prices and the discrepancy between the cost of eating at the restaurant and his perception of the quality of the food and service 250 Pete Wells in his review of the restaurant echoed Sutton s criticisms 251 TAK Room closed in 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic 252 The Equinox Hotel received a positive review from Vanity Fair 253 Samantha Lewis praised the hotel for its emphasis on providing guests with blissful slumber 253 The hotel s restaurant Electric Lemon has received an underwhelming review from Pete Wells 254 Public perception edit The Hudson Yards development has had mixed public approval The New York Times questioned if New York City needed another gated community which alludes to the premium nature of the development shops and condominium offerings 255 Bridget Read wrote for Curbed in 2022 that the broad public benefit from the largest real estate development in American history has not yet materialized 256 A study by The New School found that Hudson Yards had cost city residents an additional 2 2 billion in taxes even though the project was supposed to have been self financed 256 257 Comedian Conner O Malley released a video titled Hudson Yards Video Game which was perceived as critical of the project 258 259 Resilience edit Hudson Yards sits within Manhattan s 100 year floodplain and the rail lines have previously been flooded despite preventive measures Given that the bulk of the new structures would rise from an already elevated platform the development is above the floodplain and most mechanical systems are similarly raised In addition new elevator pits would be made waterproof 260 Klaus Jacob a professor at Columbia University has stated approval of the project stems from the shortsightedness of decision making by its developers and the city in the face of impending climate change 261 In his 2017 novel New York 2140 author Kim Stanley Robinson mentions the inundation of the neighborhood by rising waters 262 Technology implementation edit The rail yard development was designed to be technologically advanced in that the owners would collect all sorts of data within the buildings using sensors and other data collecting instruments 188 263 The innovations included Air quality monitoring 263 Heat mapping to track crowd size and energy usage 188 Opt in mobile apps to help collect data about users health and activities 263 Pedestrian and vehicular traffic monitoring 263 Sensors collecting data about noise levels and energy and water usage 188 Energy savings using a microgrid 263 Organic and solid waste collection and recycling using pneumatic tubes installed by Envac which operate at 45 miles per hour 72 km h making garbage trucks unnecessary 264 New York University s Center for Urban Science and Progress designed the infrastructure with the developers of Hudson Yards Fiber loops connected to 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Mayor Bloomberg Governor Paterson Mta Announce Selection Of Tishman Speyer To Develop West Side Rail Yards City of New York March 26 2008 Archived from the original on June 30 2019 Retrieved June 30 2019 Bagli Charles V November 19 2007 In Railyards Seeing a Blank Canvas on the Hudson The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 30 2019 Retrieved June 30 2019 a b Kates Brian March 27 2008 1B Bid That Won West Developer Nets Hudson Yards Building Rights New York Daily News Retrieved February 6 2023 a b Bagli Charles V May 23 2008 M T A Approves a New Deal to Build at West Side Yards The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 27 2018 Retrieved April 5 2020 Appelbaum Alec June 2 2008 How Related won Hudson Yards bid The Real Deal Archived from the original on June 29 2018 Retrieved June 29 2018 Bagli Charles V May 9 2008 Deal to Build at Railyards on West Side Collapses The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 22 2016 Retrieved April 5 2020 Kates Brian May 23 2008 MTA Seals 1B Deal Gets Yards On Track New York Daily News Retrieved February 6 2023 MTA Finalizes Hudson Yards Deal Metropolitan Transportation Authority May 26 2010 Archived from the original on October 5 2013 Retrieved October 4 2013 Samtani Hiten August 13 2013 Anatomy of a deal Inside Related Oxford s unusual financing of Hudson Yards The Real Deal Archived from the original on October 12 2015 Retrieved March 19 2014 Brown Eliot November 10 2015 Future of Immigrant Visa Program Has High End Builders At Odds Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on November 10 2015 Retrieved November 11 2015 Hudson Yards Set to Alter Skyline Transform Neighborhood Chelsea Now February 6 2013 Archived from the original on July 24 2014 Retrieved June 2 2014 Chung Jen January 15 2013 Photos Brookfield Properties Breaks Ground On 4 5 Billion Far West Side Project Gothamist Archived from the original on April 5 2015 Retrieved July 13 2018 Bagli Charles V April 10 2013 First Hudson Yards Tower Signs Three Major Tenants The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 13 2018 Retrieved July 13 2018 Levitt David M October 15 2013 Related Hudson Yards Approved for 328 Million Tax Break Bloombrg Archived from the original on January 25 2021 Retrieved April 8 2020 Levitt David M October 17 2013 Related to Start Work on Hudson Yards Platform in January Bloomberg Archived from the original on June 27 2018 Retrieved April 8 2020 Levitt David M March 19 2014 New York s Hudson Yards Starts Next Phase as Deck Begins Bloomberg Retrieved April 7 2020 a b Taylor Foster James March 22 2014 Construction Begins on the Vast Platform for New York s Hudson Yards arch daily Archived from the original on July 13 2018 Retrieved July 13 2018 a b Construction of Hudson Yards platform begins Crain s New York Business March 19 2014 Archived from the original on July 13 2019 Retrieved July 13 2019 Kimmelman Michael September 19 2014 The Climax in a Tale of Green and Gritty The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 20 2014 Retrieved July 13 2019 Opening Ceremony Celebrates Completion Of High Line Park CBS New York September 20 2014 Archived from the original on September 20 2014 Retrieved September 21 2014 Geiger Daniel September 21 2014 High Line s high returns Crain s New York Archived from the original on March 28 2017 Retrieved September 21 2014 Fitzsimmons Emma G September 12 2015 Subway Station to Open This Weekend Bringing 7 Line to Far West Side The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 14 2015 Retrieved September 13 2015 Fitzsimmons Emma G September 10 2015 Subway Station for 7 Line Opens on Far West Side The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 14 2015 Retrieved September 13 2015 New 7 line subway extension to the West Side opens ABC7 New York September 13 2015 Archived from the original on September 15 2015 Retrieved September 13 2015 Tangel Andrew September 13 2015 New Subway Station Opens on NYC s Far West Side Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved September 13 2015 Photos NYC s Newest And 469th Subway Station 34th Street Hudson Yards Is Open Gothamist September 13 2015 Archived from the original on September 15 2015 Retrieved September 13 2015 Pogrebin Robin May 24 2017 Michael Bloomberg Gives 75 Million to Shed Arts Center The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 5 2017 Retrieved September 27 2017 Tully Shawn September 14 2016 This Monument Could Be Manhattan s Answer to the Eiffel Tower Fortune Archived from the original on July 14 2019 Retrieved November 10 2016 Construction To Begin On Hudson Yards Vessel CBS New York April 18 2017 Archived from the original on July 13 2019 Retrieved May 16 2017 Varinsky Dana Garfield Leanna April 18 2017 The biggest real estate development in American history will have a 15 story maze of stairwells Business Insider Archived from the original on December 26 2018 Retrieved May 16 2017 MTA Opens Second Entrance at 34 St Hudson Yards 7 Station www mta info Metropolitan Transportation Authority September 1 2018 Archived from the original on September 2 2018 Retrieved September 2 2018 The Spur Now Completes Original Plans For The High Line CBS New York June 4 2019 Archived from the original on June 5 2019 Retrieved June 5 2019 Check out The Spur the final section of the High Line now completed ABC7 New York June 4 2019 Archived from the original on June 5 2019 Retrieved June 5 2019 a b Bagli Charles V April 13 2018 With Pickets and Lawsuits Unions and Developers Go to War The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 26 2018 Retrieved July 20 2018 Sanchez Carly October 25 2018 CountMeIn Movement Marks One Year The Indypendent Archived from the original on February 22 2019 Retrieved February 22 2019 DiMaggio Dan December 15 2017 NYC Building Trades Make a Stand at Biggest Project since Rockefeller Center Labor Notes Archived from the original on July 20 2018 Retrieved July 20 2018 Brenzel Kathryn February 15 2019 After a year of fighting at Hudson Yards Related and the unions are talking again The Real Deal Archived from the original on February 15 2019 Retrieved February 15 2019 Chen David W June 19 2020 How Will Hudson Yards Survive the Pandemic The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 30 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 Adams Erika March 30 2020 Sky High Hudson Yards Restaurant Directed Staffers to Not Tell Diners of a Coronavirus Case in Building Eater NY Archived from the original on February 8 2021 Retrieved February 4 2021 a b Barbanel Josh Fung Esther April 29 2020 Glittering Hudson Yards Is Dulled by Coronavirus Pandemic The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on February 8 2021 Retrieved February 4 2021 Chaffin Joshua May 26 2020 Can New York avoid a coronavirus exodus The Financial Times Archived from the original on February 9 2021 Retrieved February 4 2021 Biswas Soma Fung Esther July 24 2020 Neiman Marcus Store Closures Include Location in New York s Hudson Yards The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on March 28 2021 Retrieved February 5 2021 a b Haag Matthew Rubinstein Dana February 6 2021 How the Pandemic Left the 25 Billion Hudson Yards Eerily Deserted The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 5 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 Fung Charles Passy and Esther August 12 2020 Thomas Keller to Close Hudson Yards Restaurant in New York City Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on December 12 2020 Retrieved February 4 2021 Querelo Nic September 10 2020 It s Really Sad NYC s Hudson Yards Reopens But Few Show Up Bloomberg com Archived from the original on February 13 2021 Retrieved February 5 2021 Warren Katie September 2 2020 View from the top A guide to NYC s best observation decks from the Empire State Building to the Top of the Rock Business Insider Archived from the original on September 14 2020 Retrieved September 5 2020 Lastoe Stacey Urbany Bryce Gonzalez Janelle March 9 2020 Edge Sky deck to reopen at Hudson Yards in New York City CNN Archived from the original on February 17 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 Wong Natalie Spezzati Stefania September 10 2020 Barclays Hudson Yards Interest Points to Future of Office Demand Bloomberg com Retrieved February 4 2021 Neubauer Kelsey September 11 2020 Barclays Is Reportedly Looking For 500K SF Of Office Space At Hudson Yards Bisnow Archived from the original on August 17 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 Massa Annie January 5 2021 BlackRock Bucks New York Departure Trend With Plans to Stay Put Bloomberg com Archived from the original on September 10 2021 Retrieved September 10 2021 a b Haag Matthew April 22 2024 How Hudson Yards Went From Ghost Town to Office Success Story The New York Times Retrieved April 22 2024 Haag Matthew Rubinstein Dana February 6 2021 How the Pandemic Left the 25 Billion Hudson Yards Eerily Deserted The New York Times Archived from the original on February 7 2021 Retrieved February 7 2021 Monahan Shea Egbert Bill February 14 2023 Manhattan s Office Market Continued to Decline in 2022 The Real Deal Retrieved April 22 2024 David Greg Bhat Suhail June 15 2023 Not So Fast for NYC Doom Loop THE CITY NYC News Retrieved April 22 2024 a b Offenhartz Jake May 7 2021 At Developer s Urging NYPD Cracks Down On Hudson Yards Street Vendors Gothamist Archived from the original on September 10 2021 Retrieved September 10 2021 a b c Ricciulli Valeria March 23 2021 Hudson Yards Has Landscaped Out the Food Vendors Curbed Archived from the original on September 10 2021 Retrieved September 10 2021 Nelson Tim February 22 2018 Frank Gehry Santiago Calatrava Robert A M Stern and Heatherwick Studio Reported to Work on Phase Two of Hudson Yards Architectural Digest Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved June 28 2018 Parker Ian February 26 2018 Thomas Heatherwick Architecture s Showman The New Yorker Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved June 28 2018 Schulz Dana January 10 2018 Robert A M Stern will design fourth Hudson River front residential tower for Related 6sqft Archived from the original on June 29 2018 Retrieved June 28 2018 Warerkar Tanay January 10 2018 Related taps Thomas Heatherwick to design High Line straddling condo Curbed Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved June 28 2018 Kazakina Katya September 14 2016 Related Unveils Design for Towering 150 Million Vessel in Hudson Yards Bloomberg Archived from the original on June 29 2018 Retrieved June 28 2018 Barragan Bianca November 20 2018 Demolition underway for Gehry designed Grand Avenue development Curbed Archived from the original on February 20 2019 Retrieved February 19 2019 Plitt Amy February 19 2018 Could Frank Gehry and Santiago Calatrava be designing Hudson Yards towers Curbed Archived from the original on July 12 2018 Retrieved July 12 2018 a b c d e Volpe Joseph May 7 2014 New York s next big neighborhood is its smartest Engadget Archived from the original on May 8 2014 Retrieved May 9 2014 NYC Council approves 500M bond issue to expand Hudson Yards Bond Buyer August 8 2018 Archived from the original on January 3 2019 Retrieved January 3 2019 Rubinstein Dana Hong Nicole Haag Matthew September 15 2022 Related Companies and Wynn to Bid for New Casino in Midtown Manhattan The New York Times Retrieved September 16 2022 Finnegan William March 6 2023 The Fight Over Penn Station and Madison Square Garden The New Yorker Retrieved June 1 2023 a b Wong Natalie September 15 2022 Related Pursues Giant Casino Complex at Manhattan s Hudson Yards Bloomberg Retrieved September 15 2022 Haag Matthew McGeehan Patrick Kudacki Andres August 29 2022 Penn Station Plan Makes a High Stakes Bet on the Future of Office Work The New York Times Retrieved September 17 2022 Rebong Kevin May 30 2023 Related s Surprise Addition to Casino Bid Office Space The Real Deal Retrieved June 2 2023 Rogers Jack May 31 2023 Related Ups Ante for Hudson Yards Casino with 10B Bid GlobeSt Retrieved June 2 2023 Tremayne Pengelly Alexandra October 5 2022 Developers and Billionaires Are Lining Up for the Chance to Operate a New York City Casino Observer Retrieved October 5 2022 Chen Stefanos January 17 2023 All the Developers Who Want You to Want a New York Casino The New York Times Retrieved February 4 2023 Young Michael Pruznick Matt February 24 2024 Related Companies Reveals Bid for Supertall Skyscraper Casino Complex in Hudson Yards Manhattan New York YIMBY Retrieved February 29 2024 Gross Courtney March 13 2024 Hudson Yards casino plans promise open space towers and school Spectrum News NY1 Retrieved March 14 2024 Luck Brad March 14 2024 Wynn and Related unveil renderings of proposed Hudson Yards casino development NBC New York Retrieved March 14 2024 Mayor Bloomberg MTA Officials and local leaders take first ride on 7 Subway Train Extension MTA info December 20 2013 Archived from the original on June 17 2014 Retrieved May 9 2014 Hudson Yards is defined as the area bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues East West 28th 30th Streets South West 43rd Street North and Hudson River Park West The Master Plan 17 Million Square Foot Mixed Use Development Hudson Yards Hudsonyardsnewyork com Archived from the original on July 13 2016 Retrieved July 10 2016 Leber Jessica July 29 2014 New York s New 20 Billion Neighborhood Of Skyscrapers Is Designed With Millennials In Mind Fast Company Archived from the original on July 29 2014 Retrieved July 29 2014 Adamczyk Alicia December 16 2014 Hudson Yards Takes Shape New York s Newest Neighborhood Is Moving Full Speed Ahead Forbes Archived from the original on December 17 2014 Retrieved December 16 2014 Mulholland Sarah June 4 2015 Related Hires Goldman s Galen for Hudson Yards Project Bloomberg Business Archived from the original on June 20 2015 Retrieved June 20 2015 Morehouse Tim August 21 2014 Time Lapse Video of the Hudson Yards Real Estate Development After Two Years Incredible Huffington Post Archived from the original on November 14 2014 Retrieved August 21 2014 Hudson Yards Press Kit PDF Hudson Yards New York 2019 Archived PDF from the original on March 7 2022 Retrieved March 3 2022 a b Stockton Nick March 24 2014 A Plan to Build Skyscrapers That Barely Touch the Ground Wired Archived from the original on April 14 2014 Retrieved April 16 2014 10 Hudson Yards fact sheet PDF Archived PDF from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved August 23 2017 Ionescu Elian April 8 2014 Manitowoc 18000 builds foundation for 20 billion Hudson Yards Cranesy Archived from the original on June 23 2018 Retrieved April 12 2015 Hudson Yards Set to Alter Skyline Transform Neighborhood Chelsea Now February 6 2013 Archived from the original on July 24 2014 Retrieved June 2 2014 Sichert Bill March 5 2013 Amtrak to construct tunnel box for Hudson River rail project to cross Manhattan development The Star Ledger Archived from the original on March 8 2013 Retrieved March 9 2013 Samtani HIten February 26 2013 Related Amtrak to construct rail tunnel between Manhattan and NJ The Real Deal Archived from the original on March 5 2013 Retrieved March 9 2013 Martinez Jose September 23 2013 West Side Construction Project May Bring New Rail Tunnel Pathways To Hudson River NY1 Archived from the original on October 26 2016 Retrieved April 1 2014 Environmental Assessment for Construction of a Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards New York New York Federal Railroad Administration March 2013 Archived from the original on December 2 2013 Retrieved August 30 2018 Hudson Yards is the most expensive real estate development in US history Here s what it s like inside the 25 billion neighborhood Business Insider Nederland October 9 2018 Archived from the original on April 7 2020 Retrieved April 7 2020 Paybarah Azi March 18 2019 Hudson Yards The Making of a 25 Billion Neighborhood The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 7 2020 Retrieved April 7 2020 Hall Miriam March 13 2019 Hudson Yards Has Generated A Seismic Shift In NYC Real Estate Bisnow Archived from the original on May 31 2020 Retrieved April 7 2020 Marino Vivian June 16 2011 Stephen M Ross The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Tully Shawn August 29 2013 The man behind the largest real estate project in U S History Fortune Archived from the original on February 1 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 a b Solomont E B August 24 2016 Inside the Hudson Yards financing playbook The Real Deal Archived from the original on July 12 2018 Retrieved July 12 2018 Burke Mack September 5 2017 Related Closes 4B Financing for 50 Hudson Yards Commercial Observer Archived from the original on July 12 2018 Retrieved July 12 2018 Grant Peter September 4 2017 Banks Close 1 5 Billion Loan for Flagship Tower at Hudson Yards Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on July 17 2018 Retrieved July 17 2018 a b c d e Haag Matthew March 9 2019 Amazon s Tax Breaks and Incentives Were Big Hudson Yards Are Bigger The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 10 2019 Retrieved March 11 2019 Did Hudson Yards get a 6 billion tax break Crain s New York Business March 14 2019 Archived from the original on May 25 2020 Retrieved March 15 2019 Capps Kriston April 12 2019 The Worst Thing About Hudson Yards Isn t the Architecture Bloomberg com Archived from the original on April 24 2019 Retrieved April 13 2019 Jacobs Sarah January 18 2017 A look inside The Boston Consulting Group s stunning New York office which has an in house cafe and workout rooms Business Insider Archived from the original on August 23 2018 Retrieved August 23 2018 Sidewalk Labs Moving Up to 10 Hudson Yards chelseanow com February 4 2016 Archived from the original on August 23 2018 Retrieved August 23 2018 Hayes Dade June 14 2019 WarnerMedia Completes Sale Leaseback Of 30 Hudson Yards Office Space For 2 2B Deadline Retrieved February 16 2024 Norway s biggest bank leaves MetLife for 30 Hudson Yards The Real Deal New York September 22 2016 Archived from the original on August 23 2018 Retrieved August 23 2018 Wells Fargo Buying Office Condo Space at 30 Hudson Yards Commercial Observer November 18 2015 Archived from the original on August 23 2018 Retrieved August 23 2018 Hickman Matt October 24 2022 Foster Partners 50 Hudson Yards supertall office tower opens The Architect s Newspaper Retrieved April 17 2023 Law Firm Boies Schiller amp Flexner Signs Lease at Hudson Yards Commercial Observer June 9 2015 Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved May 16 2017 55 Hudson Yards The Real Deal August 23 2016 Retrieved February 16 2024 Mazzara Benjamin December 12 2016 Pharmaceutical Firm Takes 85k SF At 55 Hudson Yards Bisnow Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved May 16 2017 Patrice Joe July 31 2017 Another Biglaw Firm Moving To Hudson Yards Above the Law Archived from the original on March 7 2022 Retrieved July 20 2018 Sederstrom Jotham May 31 2011 East Side Law Firms Go West as Far as Eighth Ave The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 7 2022 Retrieved July 20 2018 a b Kelly Jason October 6 2017 Hudson Yards Wants to Be New York s New Money Hub Bloomberg Archived from the original on July 21 2018 Retrieved July 20 2018 a b La Guerre Liam June 14 2017 Private Equity Firm Completes 56K SF Deal at Hudson Yards Commercial Observer Archived from the original on July 20 2018 Retrieved July 20 2018 Shirayanagi Kouichi March 1 2017 Silver Lake In Talks To Follow KKR To 55 Hudson Yards Bisnow Archived from the original on July 20 2018 Retrieved July 20 2018 Chaffin Joshua March 12 2019 New York s business elite decamps to millennial friendly Hudson Yards Financial Times Archived from the original on May 25 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 Brenzel Kathryn June 22 2018 A cocktail party of mastodons pineapples and swizzlesticks Hudson Yards architects talk about how projects interact The Real Deal Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Davidson Justin December 5 2014 Who Wants a Supertall Skyline The Emerging Aesthetic of the 1 000 Foot Tower New York Magazine Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Davidson Justin September 30 2021 Manhattan West Is a Little Bit What Hudson Yards Should Have Been Curbed Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 Kimmelman Michael March 14 2019 Hudson Yards Is Manhattan s Biggest Newest Slickest Gated Community Is This the Neighborhood New York Deserves The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 14 2019 Retrieved March 20 2019 Wainwright Oliver April 9 2019 Horror on the Hudson New York s 25bn architectural fiasco The Guardian Archived from the original on April 9 2019 Retrieved April 10 2019 a b c d e Sutton Ryan September 19 2018 Hudson Yards Will Be the Worst Thing to Happen to NYC Dining in a Decade Eater NY Retrieved September 19 2022 Sietsema Robert May 10 2019 What to Order at Jose Andres s Impressive New Hudson Yards Spanish Market Right Now Eater NY Retrieved September 19 2022 a b Sutton Ryan May 29 2019 Hudson Yards Is a Mostly Terrible Place to Eat Eater NY Retrieved September 19 2022 Sutton Ryan May 29 2019 Thomas Keller s TAK Room Raises the Bar on Prices but Not Quality Eater NY Retrieved September 19 2022 Wells Pete June 25 2019 Thomas Keller Brings Country Club Cuisine to the City The New York Times Retrieved September 19 2022 Warerkar Tanay August 12 2020 Thomas Keller s Extravagant Hudson Yards Restaurant TAK Room Has Closed Eater NY Retrieved September 19 2022 a b Lewis Samantha August 22 2022 Review Equinox Hotel New York Vanity Fair Retrieved September 19 2022 Warerkar Tanay December 17 2019 Times Gives Equinox Hotel Restaurant One Star for Vibrant Food in a Lame Space Eater NY Retrieved September 19 2022 Kimmelman Michael DeSantis Alicia Grondahl Mika Parshina Kottas Yuliya Patanjali Karthik Rhyne Emily Ruby Matt Taylor Rumsey Sedgwick Josephine March 14 2019 Hudson Yards Is Manhattan s Biggest Newest Slickest Gated Community Is This the Neighborhood New York Deserves The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 5 2021 a b Read Bridget October 19 2022 13 Years 3 Mayors Countless Community Board Meetings and Just One Building Curbed Retrieved October 20 2022 Rebong Kevin October 19 2021 City s Bet on Hudson Yards Beginning to Pay Off The Real Deal New York Retrieved October 20 2022 Hilburg Jonathan January 22 2020 Hudson Yards becomes a paranoid fever dream in Conner O Malley s latest video The Architect s Newspaper Archived from the original on September 22 2020 Retrieved February 5 2021 Anderson Sam February 6 2020 Hudson Yards Is Coming for Your Soul The New York Times Archived from the original on December 25 2020 Retrieved February 6 2021 Dwyer Jim December 4 2012 Still Building at the Edges of the City Even as Tides Rise The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 29 2018 Retrieved June 28 2018 Rice Andrew September 7 2016 This is New York in the not so distant future New York Magazine Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Rothman Joshua April 27 2017 Kim Stanley Robinson s Latest Novel Imagines Life in an Underwater New York The New Yorker Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 a b c d e f Clancy Heather June 11 2014 Hudson Yards A connected neighborhood grows in Manhattan GreenBiz Archived from the original on June 13 2014 Retrieved June 11 2014 Clarke Katherine June 27 2014 Too Rich for Trash Hudson Yards waste will exit by pneumatic tube New York Daily News Archived from the original on June 27 2014 Retrieved June 27 2014 Further reading editArak Joey Brookfield Properties Goes Splittsville on Curbed com November 19 2007 Chaban Matt Scaling the Towers of Hudson Yards in New York Observer July 12 2011 Davidson Justin From 0 to 12 Million Square Feet New York October 7 2012 Dobkin Jake Checking In At Hudson Yards Manhattan s Enormous New Luxury Neighborhood in Gothamist July 16 2015 Reimagining the Far West Side A 2004 proposal for the Hudson Yards area commissioned by magazine City Journal Samtani Hiten Anatomy of a deal Inside Related Oxford s unusual financing of Hudson Yards in The Real Deal August 16 2013 An Investment That s Paying Off The Economic and Fiscal Impact of the Development of Hudson Yards PDF Hudson Yards May 2016 Archived from the original PDF on September 21 2017 Retrieved August 30 2018 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hudson Yards 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