Henry V of England

Henry V (16 September 1386 – 31 August 1422), also called Henry of Monmouth, was King of England from 1413 until his death in 1422. Despite his relatively short reign, Henry's outstanding military successes in the Hundred Years' War against France made England one of the strongest military powers in Europe.^[1] Immortalised in Shakespeare's "Henriad" plays, Henry is known and celebrated as one of the greatest warrior-kings of medieval England.

Henry V
Miniature in the Regement of Princes by Thomas Hoccleve, c. 1411–1413
King of England (more...)
Reign	21 March 1413 – 31 August 1422
Coronation	9 April 1413
Predecessor	Henry IV
Successor	Henry VI
Regent of France
Regency	21 May 1420 – 31 August 1422
Monarch	Charles VI
Born	16 September 1386 Monmouth Castle, Wales, Kingdom of England
Died	31 August 1422 (aged 35) Château de Vincennes, Kingdom of France
Burial	7 November 1422 Westminster Abbey, London
Spouse	Catherine of Valois ​ (m. 1420)​
Issue	Henry VI
House	Lancaster
Father	Henry IV of England
Mother	Mary de Bohun
Signature

During the reign of his father Henry IV, Henry gained military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr and against the powerful aristocratic Percy family of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury. Henry acquired an increased role in England's government due to the king's declining health, but disagreements between father and son led to political conflict between the two. After his father's death in 1413, Henry assumed control of the country and asserted the pending English claim to the French throne.

In 1415, Henry embarked on war with France. His first military campaign included his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. By 1420, his armies had captured Paris and had come close to conquering the whole of medieval France. Taking advantage of political divisions within France, he conquered large portions of Northern France, resulting in Normandy's occupation by the English for the first time since the mid-14th century. After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France, the 1420 Treaty of Troyes recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne, and he was subsequently married to Charles's daughter Catherine of Valois. Everything seemed to point to the formation of a union between the kingdoms, in the person of Henry. However, he died two years later and was succeeded by his only child, the infant Henry VI.

Analyses of Henry's reign are varied. According to Ross, he was widely praised for his personal piety, bravery and military genius even by contemporary French chroniclers, but his occasionally cruel temperament and lack of focus on domestic affairs have made him the subject of some criticism.^[2] Nonetheless, Adrian Hastings believes his militaristic pursuits during the Hundred Years' War fostered a strong sense of English nationalism and set the stage for the rise of England and then later Britain to prominence as a dominant global power.^[3]

Early life

Birth and family

Henry was born in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle in Wales, and for that reason was sometimes called Henry of Monmouth.^[4] He was the son of Henry of Bolingbroke (later Henry IV of England) and Mary de Bohun. His father's cousin was the reigning English monarch, King Richard II. Henry's paternal grandfather was the influential John of Gaunt, a son of King Edward III. As he was not close to the line of succession to the throne, Henry's date of birth was not officially documented, and for many years it was disputed whether he was born in 1386 or 1387.^[5] However, records indicate that his younger brother Thomas was born in the autumn of 1387 and that his parents were at Monmouth in 1386 but not in 1387.^[6] It is now accepted that he was born on 16 September 1386.^{[7][8][9][13]}

Upon the exile of Henry's father in 1398, Richard II took the boy into his own charge and treated him kindly.^[14] The young Henry accompanied Richard to Ireland. While in the royal service, he visited Trim Castle in County Meath, the ancient meeting place of the Parliament of Ireland.

 

Henry's father, Henry IV

In 1399, John of Gaunt died. In the same year, King Richard II was overthrown by the Lancastrian usurpation that brought Henry's father to the throne, and Henry was recalled from Ireland into prominence as heir apparent to the Kingdom of England. He was created Prince of Wales at his father's coronation and Duke of Lancaster on 10 November 1399, the third person to hold the title that year. His other titles were Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester and Duke of Aquitaine. A contemporary record notes that in 1399, Henry spent time at The Queen's College, Oxford, under the care of his uncle Henry Beaufort, the chancellor of the university.^[15] During this time, due to taking a liking to both literature and music, he learned to read and write in the vernacular; this made him the first English King that was educated in this regard.^[16] He even went on to grant pensions to composers due to such love for music.

Early military career and role in Government

From 1400 to 1404, he carried out the duties of High Sheriff of Cornwall. During that time, Henry would also be in command of part of the English forces. He led his own army into Wales against Owain Glyndŵr and joined forces with his father to fight Henry "Hotspur" Percy at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403.^[17] It was there that the 16-year-old prince was almost killed by an arrow that became impaled on the left side of his face. An ordinary soldier might have died from such a wound, but Henry had the benefit of the best possible care. Over a period of several days, John Bradmore, the royal physician, treated the wound with honey to act as an antiseptic, crafted a tool to screw into the embedded arrowhead (bodkin point) and thus extract it without doing further damage, and flushed the wound with alcohol. The operation was successful, but it left Henry with permanent scars, evidence of his experience in battle.^[18] Bradmore recorded this account in Latin, in his manuscript titled Philomena. Henry's treatment also appeared in an anonymous Middle English surgical treatise dated to 1446, that has since been attributed to Thomas Morstede.

The Welsh revolt of Owain Glyndŵr absorbed Henry's energies until 1408. Then, as a result of the king's ill health, Henry began to take a wider share in politics. From January 1410, helped by his uncles Henry and Thomas Beaufort, legitimised sons of John of Gaunt, he had practical control of the government.^[14] Both in foreign and domestic policy he differed from the king, who discharged his son from the council in November 1411. The quarrel between father and son was political only, though it is probable that the Beauforts had discussed the abdication of Henry IV. Their opponents certainly endeavoured to defame Prince Henry.^[14]

 

A gold noble coin of Henry V

It may be that the tradition of Henry's riotous youth, immortalised by Shakespeare, is partly due to political enmity. Henry's record of involvement in war and politics, even in his youth, disproves this tradition. The most famous incident, his quarrel with the chief justice, has no contemporary authority and was first related by Sir Thomas Elyot in 1531.^[14][19]

The story of Falstaff originated in Henry's early friendship with Sir John Oldcastle, a supporter of the Lollards. Shakespeare's Falstaff was originally named "Oldcastle", following his main source, The Famous Victories of Henry V. Oldcastle's descendants objected, and the name was changed (the character became a composite of several real persons, including Sir John Fastolf). That friendship, and the prince's political opposition to Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, perhaps encouraged Lollard hopes. If so, their disappointment may account for the statements of ecclesiastical writers like Thomas Walsingham that Henry, on becoming king, was suddenly changed into a new man.^[14][20]

Reign (1413–1422)

Accession

 

Later portrait of Henry, late 16th or early 17th century

After Henry IV died on 20 March 1413, Henry V succeeded him and was crowned on 9 April 1413 at Westminster Abbey. The ceremony was marked by a terrible snowstorm, but the common people were undecided as to whether it was a good or bad omen.^[21] Henry was described as having been "very tall (6 feet 3 inches), slim, with dark hair cropped in a ring above the ears, and clean-shaven". His complexion was ruddy, his face lean with a prominent and pointed nose. Depending on his mood, his eyes "flashed from the mildness of a dove's to the brilliance of a lion's".^[22]

Domestic affairs

Henry tackled all of the domestic policies together and gradually built on them a wider policy. From the first, he made it clear that he would rule England as the head of a united nation. He let past differences be forgotten—the late Richard II was honourably re-interred; the young Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, was taken into favour; the heirs of those who had suffered under the last reign were restored gradually to their titles and estates. Yet, where Henry saw a grave domestic danger, he acted firmly and ruthlessly, such as the Lollard discontent in January 1414 and including the execution by burning of Henry's old friend Sir John Oldcastle in 1417 to "nip the movement in the bud" and make his own position as ruler secure.^[14]

 

English chancery hand. Facsimile of letter from Henry, 1418.

Henry's reign was generally free from serious trouble at home. The exception was the Southampton Plot in favour of Mortimer,^[14] involving Henry, Baron Scrope, and Richard, Earl of Cambridge (grandfather of the future King Edward IV), in July 1415. Mortimer himself remained loyal to the King.

Starting in August 1417, Henry promoted the use of the English language in government^[23] and his reign marks the appearance of Chancery Standard English as well as the adoption of English as the language of record within government. He was the first king to use English in his personal correspondence since the Norman conquest 350 years earlier.^[24][25]

War in France

Dispute with France

Henry could now turn his attention to foreign affairs. A writer of the next generation was the first to allege that Henry was encouraged by ecclesiastical statesmen to enter into the French war as a means of diverting attention from home troubles. This story seems to have no foundation. Old commercial disputes and the support the French had lent to Owain Glyndŵr were used as an excuse for war, while the disordered state of France afforded no security for peace.^[14] King Charles VI of France was prone to mental illness; at times he thought he was made of glass, and his eldest surviving son was an unpromising prospect. However, it was the old dynastic claim to the throne of France, first pursued by Edward III of England, that justified war with France in English opinion.

Henry may have regarded the assertion of his own claims as part of his royal duty, but a permanent settlement of the national debate was essential to the success of his foreign policy. Following the instability back in England during the reign of King Richard II, the war in France came to a halt, as during most of his reign relations between England and France were largely peaceful and so was during his father's reign as well. But in 1415, hostilities continued between the two nations and since Henry had a claim to the French throne, through his great–grandfather King Edward III by his mother's side, this claim was ultimately rejected by the French as its nobles pointed out that under the Salic law of the Franks, women were forbidden from inheriting the throne. Thus the throne went to a distant male relative of a cadet branch of the House of Capet, Philip VI of France, resulting in the Hundred Year's War in 1337. Wanting to claim the French throne for himself, Henry resumed the war against France in 1415. This would lead to one of England's most successful military campaigns during the whole conflict and would result in one of the most decisive victories for an English army during this time period.^[14]

1415 campaign

Main articles: Siege of Harfleur and Battle of Agincourt

 

The ratification of the Treaty of Troyes between Henry and Charles VI of France, Archives Nationales (France)

On 12 August 1415, Henry sailed for France, where his forces besieged the fortress at Harfleur, capturing it on 22 September. Afterwards, he decided to march with his army across the French countryside toward Calais despite the warnings of his council.^[26] On 25 October, on the plains near the village of Agincourt, a French army intercepted his route. Despite his men-at-arms' being exhausted, outnumbered and malnourished, Henry led his men into battle, decisively defeating the French, who suffered severe losses. The French men-at-arms were bogged down in the muddy battlefield, soaked from the previous night of heavy rain, and this hindered the French advance, allowing them to be sitting targets for the flanking English archers.^[26] Most were simply hacked to death while completely stuck in the deep mud. It was Henry's greatest military victory, ranking alongside the Battle of Crécy (1346) and the Battle of Poitiers (1356) as the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War. This victory both solidified and strengthened Henry V's own rule in England and it also legitimized his claim to the French throne more than ever.^[27]

During the battle,^[28] Henry ordered that the French prisoners taken during the battle be put to death, including some of the most illustrious who could have been used for ransom. Cambridge historian Brett Tingley posits that Henry was concerned that the prisoners might turn on their captors when the English were busy repelling a third wave of enemy troops, thus jeopardizing a hard-fought victory.^{[citation needed]}

The victorious conclusion of Agincourt, from the English viewpoint, was only the first step in the campaign to recover the French possessions that he felt belonged to the English crown. Agincourt also held out the promise that Henry's pretensions to the French throne might be realized. After the victory, Henry marched to Calais and besieged the city until it fell soon afterwards, and the king returned to England on November, in triumph and received a hero's welcome. The brewing nationalistic sentiment among the English people was so great that contemporary writers describe firsthand how Henry was welcomed in such triumphal pageantry into London upon his return. The accounts also describe how Henry was greeted by elaborate displays and with choirs following his passage to the St.Paul's Cathedral.^[29]

 

The Battle of Agincourt as depicted in the 15th-century 'St Albans Chronicle' by Thomas Walsingham.

Most importantly, the victory at Agincourt inspired and boosted the English morale, while it caused a heavy blow to the French as it further aided the English in their conquest of Normandy and much of northern France by 1419. The French, who by this stage, were weakened and exhausted by the disaster, began quarrelling and fighting among themselves (especially the nobility). This also led to a division in the French aristocracy and caused a rift in the French royal family, leading to infighting. By 1420, a treaty was signed between Henry V and Charles VI of France, known as the Treaty of Troyes, which acknowledged Henry as regent and heir to the French throne and also married him to his daughter Catherine of Valois as a result of the treaty.^[30]

Diplomacy

 

Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

Following the Battle of Agincourt, King Sigismund of Hungary (later Holy Roman Emperor) made a visit to Henry in hopes of making peace between England and France. His goal was to persuade Henry to modify his demands against the French. Henry lavishly entertained him and even had him enrolled in the Order of the Garter. Sigismund, in turn, inducted Henry into the Order of the Dragon.^[31] Henry had intended to crusade for the order after uniting the English and French thrones, but he died before fulfilling his plans.^[32][33][34] Sigismund left England several months later, having signed the Treaty of Canterbury acknowledging English claims to France.

Command of the sea was secured by driving the Genoese allies of the French out of the English Channel.^[14] While Henry was occupied with peace negotiations in 1416, a French and Genoese fleet surrounded the harbour at the English-garrisoned Harfleur. A French land force also besieged the town. In March 1416 a raiding force of soldiers under the Earl of Dorset, Thomas Beaufort, was attacked and narrowly escaped defeat at the Battle of Valmont after a counterattack by the garrison of Harfleur. To relieve the town, Henry sent his brother, John, Duke of Bedford, who raised a fleet and set sail from Beachy Head on 14 August. The Franco-Genoese fleet was defeated the following day after the gruelling seven-hour Battle of the Seine^[35] and Harfleur was relieved. Diplomacy successfully detached Emperor Sigismund from supporting France, and the Treaty of Canterbury—also signed in August 1416—confirmed a short-lived alliance between England and the Holy Roman Empire.

1417–1421 campaigns

 

Late-15th-century depiction of Henry's marriage to Catherine of Valois, British Library, London

With those two potential enemies gone, and after two years of patient preparation following the Battle of Agincourt, Henry renewed the war on a larger scale in 1417. After taking Caen, he quickly conquered Lower Normandy and Rouen was cut off from Paris and besieged. This siege has cast an even darker shadow on the reputation of the king, along with his order to slay the French prisoners at Agincourt. Rouen, starving and unable to support the women and children of the town, forced them out through the gates believing that Henry would allow them to pass through his army unmolested. However, Henry refused to allow this, and the expelled women and children died of starvation in the ditches surrounding the town. The French were paralysed by the disputes between Burgundians and Armagnacs. Henry skilfully played one against the other without relaxing his warlike approach.^[14]

In January 1419, Rouen fell.^[14] Those Norman French who had resisted were severely punished: Alain Blanchard, who had hanged English prisoners from the walls of Rouen, was summarily executed; Robert de Livet, Canon of Rouen, who had excommunicated the English king, was packed off to England and imprisoned for five years.^[36]

By August, the English were outside the walls of Paris. The intrigues of the French parties culminated in the assassination of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, by Dauphin Charles's partisans at Montereau-Fault-Yonne on 10 September. Philip the Good, the new duke, and the French court threw themselves into Henry's arms. After six months of negotiation, the Treaty of Troyes recognised Henry as the heir and regent of France.^[14] On 2 June 1420 at Troyes Cathedral, he married Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. They had only one son, Henry, born on 6 December 1421 at Windsor Castle. From June to July 1420, Henry V's army besieged and took the military fortress castle at Montereau-Fault-Yonne close to Paris. He besieged and captured Melun in November 1420, returning to England shortly thereafter. In 1428, Charles VII retook Montereau, to once again see the English take it over within a short time. Finally, on 10 October 1437, Charles VII was victorious in regaining Montereau-Fault-Yonne.

While Henry was in England, his brother Thomas, Duke of Clarence, led the English forces in France. On 22 March 1421, Thomas led the English to a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Baugé against a Franco-Scottish army. The duke was killed in the battle. On 10 June, Henry sailed back to France to retrieve the situation. It was to be his last military campaign. From July to August, Henry's forces besieged and captured Dreux, thus relieving allied forces at Chartres. On 6 October, his forces laid siege to Meaux, capturing it on 11 May 1422.

Death

Henry V died on 31 August 1422 at the Château de Vincennes.^[37] The commonly held view is that Henry V contracted dysentery in the period just after the Siege of Meaux, which ended on 9 May 1422. However, the symptoms and severity of dysentery present themselves fairly quickly and he seems to have been healthy in the weeks following the siege. At the time, speculative causes of his illness also included smallpox, the bacterial infection erysipelas and even leprosy. But there is no doubt he had contracted a serious illness sometime between May and June. Recovering at the castle of Vincennes, by the end of June it seems he was well enough to lead his forces with the intent of engaging the Dauphinist forces at Cosne-sur-Loire. At the outset, he would have been riding in full armour, probably in blistering heat, as the summer of 1422 was extremely hot. He was struck down again, with a debilitating fever, possibly heatstroke, or a relapse of his previous illness. Whatever the cause or causes, he would not recover from this final bout of illness. For a few short weeks he was carried around in a litter, and his enemies having retreated, he decided to return to Paris. One story has him trying, one last time, to mount a horse at Charenton and failing. He was taken back to Vincennes, around 10 August, where he died some weeks later. He was 35 years old and had reigned for nine years. Shortly before his death, Henry V named his brother, John, Duke of Bedford, regent of France in the name of his son, Henry VI of England, then only a few months old. Henry V did not live to be crowned King of France himself, as he might confidently have expected after the Treaty of Troyes, because Charles VI, to whom he had been named heir, survived him by two months.

Henry's comrade-in-arms and Lord Steward, John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, brought Henry's body back to England and bore the royal standard at his funeral.^[38] Henry V was buried in Westminster Abbey on 7 November 1422.^[37]

Legacy

Reputation

 

A statue of Henry V on the interior of the Canterbury Cathedral

Henry V's death was premature as he was set to rule both the kingdoms of England and France after Charles VI's death, which occurred two months after Henry died in August 1422. Henry's death meant that his infant son became King Henry VI of England, and a regency was formed by Henry's brothers John, Duke of Bedford, and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, which would act as the sole governing force until the young king came of age. Although for a time this largely proved to be a success, during the later reign of Henry VI most of the territories captured by the English were lost to the French and English military power in the region ceased to exist. This brought an end to most of the English army's success in the Hundred Years' War and their possessions and land in France were lost, except the port of Calais which remained as England's only foothold in the continent. Henry's heirs and relatives would descend into civil strife and quarrels over the succession in the following years, leading to the War of the Roses between Henry V's House of Lancaster and its rival, the House of York.

Despite this, Henry V is remembered both by his countrymen and foes alike as a capable military commander during the war against France and is one of the most renowned monarchs in English and British history. He is largely seen as a symbol of the English military might and power, which inspired later kings and queens of England. His effect on English history, culture, and the military is profound. His victory at Agincourt significantly impacted the war against the French, and led to the English capturing most of northern France. This led to the Treaty of Troyes in 1420, in which Charles VI of France appointed Henry his successor, although Henry died two months before Charles in October 1422. Henry's victories created a national sensation and caused a patriotic fervour among the English people that would go on to influence both the medieval English army and the British army for centuries to come. His continuous victories against the French during 1417–1422 led to many romanticized depictions of Henry V as a figure of nationalism and patriotism as well as in literature and in the renowned works of Shakespeare and the film industry as in modern times.^[39]

Henry is not only remembered for his military prowess but also for his architectural patronage. He commissioned the building of King's College Chapel and Eton College Chapel and, although some of his building works were discontinued after his death, others were continued by his son and successor Henry VI. He also contributed to the founding of the monastery of the Syon Abbey, completed by Henry VI during his lifetime. Although in the 16th century, the monastery was demolished as a result of the growing movement of the English Reformation during the reign of King Henry VIII. Henry V further contributed to the church, as he was forced to put down an anti–church uprising in the form of the Lollard uprising led by the English Lollard leader, John Oldcastle in 1414, who had been a friend of Henry V before his rebellion. Henry also faced a coup orchestrated by a relative and prominent noble, Edmund Mortimer, in the Southampton Plot. And in 1415 dealt with a Yorkist conspiracy to overthrow him. After this, during the remainder of his reign, Henry was able to rule without any opposition against him.

In popular culture

Main article: Cultural depictions of Henry V of England

In literature

 

Lewis Waller as Henry V in play Henry V by William Shakespeare

Henry V was often a figure of literary imagination and romantic interpretations often used as a traditional character of a morally great king in the works of many writers, playwrights and dramatists. This is the case with Henry V's depiction in Henry V a play largely based on the life of Henry V by the famed William Shakespeare. It is one of the plays that were about Richard II, Henry V's father Henry IV and son Henry VI known as the Henriad in Shakespearean scholarship. It depicts the king as a pious but cunning ruler who ventured on a campaign to France to become heir to the French throne. This largely acquainted audiences and the wider population of the king himself and the nature of his character as a whole. ^[40]

In the other depictions of Henry V in literature, Henry V is a character in William Kenrick's sequel to Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 2, known as Falstaff's Wedding. In the play, Henry V plays a minor role. In Georgette Heyer's Simon the Coldheart Henry also appears as a minor character. In other works, Henry V is the main character such as in Good King Harry by Denise Giardina. Henry V is also a minor character in Azincourt by Bernard Cornwell.

In film and television

Henry V was also depicted in many historical films and operas. Such as in Laurence Olivier's 1944 film Henry V played by Olivier himself, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.^[41] Henry also appears in the 1935 film Royal Cavalcade in which he was played by actor Matheson Lang, Henry V also appears and is played by Kenneth Branagh in the 1989 film Henry V for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, Best Director and also for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.^[42] Henry V appears as a major character played by Keith Baxter in Orson Welles's 1966 film Chimes at Midnight. He is also played by Timothée Chalamet in 2019 Netflix film The King directed by David Michôd. He is portrayed in the BBC television series The Hollow Crown.

In comics and video games

Henry V is a character in the comic series The Hammer Man in the BBC comic strip The Victor featuring him as the commander of the hero, Chell Paddock. King Henry V is a character in the video game Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War and also in the Age of Empires II: The Conquerors in which he was featured as a paladin.

Arms

Henry's arms as Prince of Wales were those of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of three points.^[43] Upon his accession, he inherited the use of the arms of the kingdom undifferenced.

•  
  Henry's achievement as Prince of Wales
•  
  Royal achievement as king

Marriage

After his father became king, Henry was created Prince of Wales. It was suggested that Henry should marry the widow of Richard II, Isabella of Valois, but this had been refused. After this, negotiations took place for his marriage to Catherine of Pomerania between 1401 and 1404, but ultimately failed.^[44]

During the following years, marriage had apparently assumed a lower priority until the conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes in 1420 when Henry V was named heir to Charles VI of France and provided in marriage to Charles's daughter Catherine of Valois, younger sister of Isabella of Valois.^[37] Her dowry, upon the agreement between the two kingdoms, was 600,000 crowns.^[45] Together the couple had one child, Henry, born in late 1421.^[37] Upon Henry V's death in 1422, the infant prince became King Henry VI of England.^[37]

Ancestry and family

Descent

Ancestors of Henry V of England

8. Edward III of England^[48] 4. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster^[46] 9. Philippa of Hainault^[49] 2. Henry IV of England 10. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster^[50] 5. Blanche of Lancaster^[46] 11. Isabel of Beaumont^[51] 1. Henry V of England 12. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton^[52] 6. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford^[47] 13. Elizabeth de Badlesmere^[52] 3. Mary de Bohun 14. Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel^[53] 7. Joan FitzAlan^[47] 15. Eleanor of Lancaster^[54]

v t e Family tree of the Dukes of: Beaufort, Dorset, Lancaster, and Somerset, Marquesses of: Dorset, Hertford, Somerset and Worcester, and Earls of: Dorset, Hertford, Lancaster, Leicester, Middlesex, Somerset, and Worcester

Earl of Dorset (possible 1st creation), 1070 Saint Osmund (d. 1099) Bishop of Salisbury and possible Earl of Dorset Roger de Beaumont (c. 1015–1094) Earl of Dorset (1st creation) discontinued, 1099 Earl of Leicester (1st creation), 1107 King Henry I (c. 1068–1135) King Stephen (1092/1096–1154) Robert de Beaumont (c. 1040/1050–1118) 1st Earl of Leicester Henry de Beaumont (d. 1119) 1st Earl of Warwick Earl of Worcester (1st creation), 1138 Robert FitzRoy (c. 1090–1147) 1st Earl of Gloucester Matilda (d. bef. 1141) Waleran de Beaumont (1104–1166) Earl of Worcester Robert de Beaumont (1104–1168) 2nd Earl of Leicester Hugh de Beaumont (b. 1106) 1st Earl of Bedford Earldom of Worcester (1st creation) extinct, 1166 William FitzRobert (1116–1183) 2nd Earl of Gloucester Hawise de Beaumont Robert de Beaumont (d. 1190) 3rd Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont (d. 1204) 4th Earl of Leicester Amice Countess of Rochefort King John (1166–1216) Isabella (1173/1174–1217) Countess of Gloucester Simon de Montfort (c. 1175–1218) 5th Earl of Leicester King Henry III (1207–1272) Eleanor of England Simon de Montfort (c. 1208–1265) 6th Earl of Leicester Earldom of Leicester (1st creation) forfeited, 1265 Earl of Leicester (2nd creation), 1267 Earl of Lancaster, 1276 King Edward I (1239–1307) Edmund Crouchback (1245–1296) 1st Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Lancaster Earldom of Leicester (1st creation) restored, 1324 Earldom of Lancaster restored, 1327 King Edward II (1284–1327) Thomas of Lancaster (1278–1322) 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl of Lancaster Henry of Lancaster (1281–1345) 3rd Earl of Leicester, 3rd Earl of Lancaster Earldom of Leicester (1st creation) forfeited, 1322 Earldom of Lancaster forfeited, 1322 Duke of Lancaster, 1351 King Edward III (1312–1377) Henry of Grosmont (c. 1310–1361) 4th Earl of Leicester, Duke of Lancaster Joan of Lancaster (c. 1312–1349) John (II) de Mowbray (1310–1361) 3rd Baron Mowbray Eleanor of Lancaster (1318–1372) Mary of Lancaster (c. 1320–1362) Earl of Worcester (2nd creation), 1397 John of Gaunt (1340–1399) (6th) Earl of Leicester (jure uxoris), Duke of Lancaster Blanche of Lancaster (1342–1368) Maud of Lancaster (1340–1362) a.k.a. Matilda, Countess of Hainault William (1330–1389) Duke of Bavaria Count of Holland (5th) Earl of Leicester (jure uxoris) Richard Fitzalan (1346–1397) Earl of Arundel Thomas Percy (1343–1403) Earl of Worcester Earldom of Worcester (2nd creation) extinct, 1403 Roger La Warr (1326–1370) Eleanor Mowbray Earl of Somerset (1st creation), 1397 Marquess of Somerset and Marquess of Dorset (1st creation), 1397 Earl of Dorset (2nd creation), 1411 Henry Bolingbroke (1367–1413) (7th) Earl of Leicester, Duke of Lancaster King Henry IV John Beaufort (c. 1373–1410) Marquess of Somerset, Marquess of Dorset, 1st Earl of Somerset Thomas Beaufort (c. 1377–1426) Duke of Exeter, Earl of Dorset Joan Beaufort (c. 1379–1440) Joan La Warr Thomas West (1365–1405) 1st Baron West Joan de Beauchamp (1375–1435) Earldom of Leicester (2nd creation) and Dukedom of Lancaster merged into the Crown, 1399 Marquessate of Somerset and Marquessate of Dorset (1st creation) revoked, 1399 Earldom of Dorset (2nd creation) extinct, 1426 Duke of Lancaster, 1399 Earl of Worcester (3rd creation), 1421 Henry of Monmouth (1386–1422) Duke of Lancaster King Henry V Reginald West (1395–1450) 6th Baron De La Warr and 3rd Baron West Richard Beauchamp (1394–c. 1422) Earl of Worcester Dukedom of Lancaster merged into the Crown, 1413 Earldom of Worcester (2nd creation) extinct, 1422 Duke of Somerset (1st creation), 1443 Earl of Dorset (3rd creation), 1442 Marquess of Dorset (2nd creation), 1443 Duke of Somerset (2nd creation), 1448 Henry Beaufort (1401–1418) 2nd Earl of Somerset John Beaufort (1404–1444) 3rd Earl of Somerset, 1st Duke of Somerset Edmund Beaufort (1406–1455) 2nd Duke of Somerset, 1st Marquess of Dorset, 4th Earl of Somerset, Earl of Dorset Richard Neville (1400–1460) Earl of Salisbury Richard West (1430–1476) 7th Baron De La Warr and 4th Baron West Edward Neville (d. 1476) de facto 3rd (de jure 1st) Baron Bergavenny Elizabeth Beauchamp (1415–1448) Dukedom of Somerset (1st creation) extinct, 1444 Claimed titles here are disputed Earl of Worcester (4th creation), 1449 Margaret Beaufort (1443–1509) Elizabeth Woodville (c. 1437–1492) Henry Beaufort (1436–1464) 5th Earl of Dorset, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, 3rd Duke of Somerset Edmund Beaufort (c. 1438–1471) 6th Earl of Dorset, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, 4th Duke of Somerset Cecily Neville (c. 1425–1450) John Tiptoft (1427–1470) 1st Earl of Worcester Earldom of Dorset, Marquessate of Dorset (2nd creation), and Dukedom of Somerset (2nd creation) attained, 1461, but possibly restored (disputed), 1463 Earldom of Dorset, Marquessate of Dorset (2nd creation), and Dukedom of Somerset (2nd creation) extinct, 1471 Earldom of Worcester (4th creation) attainted, 1470 Thomas West (c. 1457–1525) 8th Baron De La Warr and 5th Baron West Marquess of Dorset (3rd creation), 1475 Earl of Worcester (5th creation), 1514 Earl of Worcester (4th creation) restored, 1471 Margery Wentworth (c. 1478–1550) King Henry VII (1457–1509) Elizabeth of York (1466–1503) Thomas Grey (1451–1501) 1st Marquess of Dorset Charles Somerset (c. 1460–1526) 1st Earl of Worcester Elizabeth Somerset (c. 1476–1507) suo jure 3rd Baroness Herbert Edward Tiptoft (c. 1469–1485) 2nd Earl of Worcester Eleanor West (b. 1481) Edward Guildford (c. 1474–1534) Earldom of Worcester (4th creation) extinct, 1485 Viscount Beauchamp "of Hache" (1st creation), 1536 Earl of Hertford (2nd creation), 1537 Duke of Somerset (4th creation), 1547 Duke of Somerset (3rd creation), 1499 Edward Seymour (c. 1500–1552) 1st Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp Jane Seymour (c. 1508–1537) King Henry VIII (1491–1547) Thomas Grey (1477–1530) 2nd Marquess of Dorset Henry Somerset (c. 1495–1548) 2nd Earl of Worcester, 4th Baron Herbert John Dudley (1504–1553) Duke of Northumberland Jane Guildford (c. 1508/1509–1555) Mary Tudor (1496–1533) Queen of France Duchess of Suffolk Prince Edmund (1499–1500) 1st Duke of Somerset Dukedom of Somerset (4th creation), Earldom of Hertford (2nd creation), and Viscountcy Beauchamp (1st creation) forfeit, 1552 Dukedom of Somerset (3rd creation) extinct, 1500 Duke of Richmond and Somerset, 1525 King Edward VI (1537–1553) Henry Fitzroy (1519–1536) 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset Henry Grey (1517–1554) Duke of Suffolk 3rd Marquess of Dorset Lady Frances Brandon (1517–1559) Duchess of Suffolk Dukedom of Richmond and Somerset extinct, 1536 Marquessate of Dorset (3rd creation) attainted and honours forfeit, 1554 Earl of Hertford (3rd creation) reverted, 1559 Earl of Leicester (3rd creation), 1564 Baron Buckhurst of Buckhurst in the County of Sussex (1st creation), 1567 Earl of Dorset (4th creation), 1604 Edward Seymour (c. 1528–1593) Edward Seymour (1539–1621) 1st Earl of Hertford Katherine Grey (1540–1568) William Somerset (c. 1526–1589) 3rd Earl of Worcester, 5th Baron Herbert John Dudley (c. 1527–1554) Earl of Warwick Robert Dudley (1532–1588) 1st Earl of Leicester Mary Dudley (d. 1586) m. Henry Sidney Lord Guildford Dudley (c. 1535–1554) Lady Jane Grey (1537–1554) Disputed Queen of England Thomas Sackville (1536–1608) 1st Earl of Dorset, 1st Baron Buckhurst Earldom of Hertford (3rd creation) forfeit, 1552 Earldom of Leicester (3rd creation) extinct, 1588 Earl of Leicester (4th creation), 1618 Edward Seymour (c. 1563–1613) 1st Baronet Edward Seymour (1561–1612) Viscount Beauchamp Edward Somerset (1553–1628) 4th Earl of Worcester, 6th Baron Herbert Philip Sidney (1554–1586) Mary Sidney (1561–1621) Robert Sidney (1563–1626) 1st Earl of Leicester Robert Sackville (1561–1609) 2nd Earl of Dorset, 2nd Baron Buckhurst Marquess of Hertford (1st creation), 1641 Duke of Somerset (4th creation restored), 1660 Baron Seymour of Trowbridge, 1641 Viscount Rochester, 1611 Earl of Somerset (3rd creation), 1613 Marquess of Worcester, 1642 Viscount Somerset of Cashel, 1626 Edward Seymour (c. 1580–1659) 2nd Baronet William Seymour (1588–1660) 2nd Earl of Hertford, 1st Marquess of Hertford, 3rd Duke of Somerset Francis Seymour (c. 1590–1664) 1st Lord Seymour of Trowbridge Robert Carr (c. 1587–1645) Earl of Somerset Henry Somerset (1577–1646) 1st Marquess of Worcester, 5th Earl of Worcester, 7th Baron Herbert Thomas Somerset (1579–1651) Viscount Somerset Robert Sidney (1595–1677) 2nd Earl of Leicester Richard Sackville (1589–1624) 3rd Earl of Dorset, 3rd Baron Buckhurst Edward Sackville (1591–1652) 4th Earl of Dorset, 4th Baron Buckhurst Earldom of Somerset (3rd creation) and Viscountcy Rochester extinct, 1645 Viscountcy Somerset extinct, 1651 Edward Seymour (1610–1688) 3rd Baronet Henry Seymour (c. 1626–1654) Lord Beauchamp Charles Seymour (c. 1621–1665) 2nd Lord Seymour of Trowbridge Edward Somerset (1601–1667) 2nd Marquess of Worcester, 6th Earl of Worcester, 8th Baron Herbert Philip Sidney (1619–1698) 3rd Earl of Leicester Algernon Sidney (1623–1683) Lady Lucy Sidney (1630–1685) Henry Sidney (1641–1704) Earl of Romney Richard Sackville (1522–1677) 5th Earl of Dorset, 5th Baron Buckhurst Duke of Beaufort, 1682 Baron Cranfield, of Cranfield in the County of Middlesex, 1674 Earl of Middlesex (2nd creation), 1675 Edward Seymour (1633–1708) 4th Baronet William Seymour (1650–1671) 3rd Duke of Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Hertford, 3rd Earl of Hertford John Seymour (c. 1646–1675) 4th Duke of Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Hertford, 4th Earl of Hertford Francis Seymour (1658–1678) 5th Duke of Somerset, 3rd Lord Seymour of Trowbridge Charles Seymour (1662–1748) 6th Duke of Somerset Henry Somerset (1629–1700) 1st Duke of Beaufort, 3rd Marquess of Worcester, 7th Earl of Worcester, 9th Baron Herbert Robert Sidney (1649–1702) 4th Earl of Leicester Thomas Pelham (1653–1712) Charles Sackville (1522–1677) 6th Earl of Dorset, 1st Earl of Middlesex, 6th Baron Buckhurst, 1st Baron Cranfield Marquessate of Hertford (1st creation) extinct, 1675 Baron Conway of Ragley in the County of Warwick, 1703 Baron Conway of Killultagh in the County of Antrim, 1712 Duke of Dorset, 1720 Edward Seymour (1663–1740) 5th Baronet Francis Seymour-Conway (1679–1732) 1st Baron Conway Edward Coke (d. 1707) Algernon Seymour (1684–1750) 7th Duke of Somerset, Earl of Northumberland Charles Somerset (1660–1698) styled Marquess of Worcester Philip Sidney (1676–1705) 5th Earl of Leicester John Sidney (1680–1737) 6th Earl of Leicester Jocelyn Sidney (1682–1743) 7th Earl of Leicester Elizabeth Pelham (1681–1711) Lionel Sackville (1688–1765) 1st Duke of Dorset, 7th Earl of Dorset, 2nd Earl of Middlesex, 7th Baron Buckhurst, 2nd Baron Cranfield Earldom of Leicester (4th creation) extinct, 1743 Baron Lovel, of Minster Lovel in the County of Oxford, 1728 Earl of Leicester (5th creation) and Viscount Coke of Holkham in the County of Norfolk, 1744 Edward Seymour (1695–1757) 6th Baronet 8th Duke of Somerset Anne Coke Thomas Coke (1697–1759) Earl of Leicester, Viscount Coke Henry Somerset (1684–1714) 2nd Duke of Beaufort, 4th Marquess of Worcester, 8th Earl of Worcester, 10th Baron Herbert Charles Townshend (1700–1764) 3rd Viscount Townshend Earl of Hertford (4th creation) and Viscount Beauchamp (2nd creation), 1850 Marquess of Hertford (2nd creation), 1793 Earldom of Leicester (5th creation) extinct, 1759 Viscount Sackville and Baron Bolebrooke in the County of Sussex, 1782 Edward Seymour (1717–1792) 9th Duke of Somerset Webb Seymour (1718–1793) 10th Duke of Somerset Francis Seymour (1726–1799) Francis Seymour-Conway (1718–1794) 1st Marquess of Hertford, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp, 2nd Baron Conway Wenman (Roberts) Coke (c. 1717–1776) Henry Somerset-Scudamore (1707–1745) 3rd Duke of Beaufort, 5th Marquess of Worcester, 9th Earl of Worcester, 11th Baron Herbert Charles Noel Somerset (1709–1756) 4th Duke of Beaufort, 6th Marquess of Worcester, 10th Earl of Worcester, 12th Baron Herbert George Townshend (1724–1807) 1st Marquess Townshend Charles Sackville (1711–1769) 2nd Duke of Dorset, 8th Earl of Dorset, 3rd Earl of Middlesex, 8th Baron Buckhurst, 3rd Baron Cranfield John Sackville (1713–1765) George Germain (1716–1785) 1st Viscount Sackville, 1st Baron Bolebrooke Earl of Leicester (7th creation), 1837 Baron Botetourt abeyance terminated, 1803 Earl of Leicester (6th creation), 1784 Francis Compton Seymour (d. 1822) Francis Ingram-Seymour-Conway (1743–1822) 2nd Marquess of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Hertford, 2nd Viscount Beauchamp, 3rd Baron Conway Hugh Seymour (1759–1801) Thomas William Coke (1754–1842) 1st Earl of Leicester, 1st Viscount Coke Henry Somerset (1744–1803) 5th Duke of Beaufort, 7th Marquess of Worcester, 11th Earl of Worcester, 13th Baron Herbert, 5th Baron Botetourt George Townshend (1753–1811) 2nd Marquess Townshend, 1st Earl of Leicester John Frederick Sackville (1745–1799) 3rd Duke of Dorset, 9th Earl of Dorset, 4th Earl of Middlesex, 9th Baron Buckhurst, 4th Baron Cranfield Baron Raglan, 1852 Edward Adolphus St Maur (1775–1855) 11th Duke of Somerset Francis Charles Seymour-Conway (1777–1842) 3rd Marquess of Hertford, 3rd Earl of Hertford, 3rd Viscount Beauchamp, 4th Baron Conway George Seymour (1787–1870) Henry Charles Somerset (1766–1835) 6th Duke of Beaufort, 8th Marquess of Worcester, 12th Earl of Worcester, 14th Baron Herbert, 6th Baron Botetourt FitzRoy James Henry Somerset (1788–1855) 1st Baron Raglan George Townshend (1778–1855) 3rd Marquess Townshend, 2nd Earl of Leicester George John Frederick Sackville (1793–1815) 4th Duke of Dorset, 10th Earl of Dorset, 5th Earl of Middlesex, 10th Baron Buckhurst, 5th Baron Cranfield John Frederick Sackville (1767–1843) 5th Duke of Dorset, 11th Earl of Dorset, 6th Earl of Middlesex, 2nd Viscount Sackville, 11th Baron Buckhurst, 6th Baron Cranfield, 2nd Baron Bolebrooke Earldom of Leicester (6th creation) extinct, 1855 Dukedom of Dorset, Earldoms of Dorset (4th creation) and Middlesex (2nd creation), Viscountcy of Sackville, Baronies of Buckhurst (1st creation), Cranfield, and Bolebrooke extinct, 1843 Francis Edward Seymour (1788–1866) Richard Seymour-Conway (1800–1870) 4th Marquess of Hertford, 4th Earl of Hertford, 4th Viscount Beauchamp, 5th Baron Conway Francis George Hugh Seymour (1812–1884) 5th Marquess of Hertford, 5th Earl of Hertford, 5th Viscount Beauchamp, 6th Baron Conway Henry Somerset (1792–1853) 7th Duke of Beaufort, 9th Marquess of Worcester, 13th Earl of Worcester, 15th Baron Herbert, 8th Baron Botetourt Earl St. Maur, 1863 Edward Adolphus St Maur (1804–1885) 12th Duke of Somerset Archibald Henry Algernon St Maur (1810–1891) 13th Duke of Somerset Algernon Percy Banks St Maur (1813–1894) 14th Duke of Somerset Francis Payne Seymour (1815–1870) Thomas William Coke (1822–1909) 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Viscount Coke Henry Charles FitzRoy Somerset (1824–1899) 8th Duke of Beaufort, 10th Marquess of Worcester, 14th Earl of Worcester, 16th Baron Herbert, 8th Baron Botetourt Richard Henry FitzRoy Somerset (1817–1884) 2nd Baron Raglan Earldom St. Maur extinct, 1885 Edward Adolphus Ferdinand St. Maur (1835–1869) Algernon St Maur (1846–1923) 15th Duke of Somerset Edward Hamilton Seymour (1860–1931) 16th Duke of Somerset Hugh de Grey Seymour (1843–1912) 6th Marquess of Hertford, 6th Earl of Hertford, 6th Viscount Beauchamp, 7th Baron Conway Thomas William Coke (1848–1941) 3rd Earl of Leicester, 3rd Viscount Coke Henry Adelbert Wellington FitzRoy Somerset (1847–1924) 9th Duke of Beaufort, 11th Marquess of Worcester, 15th Earl of Worcester, 17th Baron Herbert, 9th Baron Botetourt Henry Richard Charles Somerset (1849–1932) George FitzRoy Henry Somerset (1857–1921) 3rd Baron Raglan Evelyn Francis Edward Seymour (1882–1954) 17th Duke of Somerset George Francis Alexander Seymour (1871–1940) 7th Marquess of Hertford, 7th Earl of Hertford, 7th Viscount Beauchamp, 8th Baron Conway Henry Charles Seymour (1878–1939) Thomas William Coke (1880–1949) 4th Earl of Leicester, 4th Viscount Coke Arthur George Coke (1882–1915) Henry Charles Somers Augustus Somerset (1874–1945) FitzRoy Richard Somerset (1885–1964) 4th Baron Raglan Percy Hamilton Seymour (1910–1984) 18th Duke of Somerset Thomas William Edward Coke (1908–1976) 5th Earl of Leicester, 5th Viscount Coke Anthony Louis Lovel Coke (1909–1994) 6th Earl of Leicester, 6th Viscount Coke Henry Hugh Arthur FitzRoy Somerset (1900–1984) 10th Duke of Beaufort, 12th Marquess of Worcester, 16th Earl of Worcester, 18th Baron Herbert, 10th Baron Botetourt Henry Robert Somers FitzRoy de Vere Somerset (1898–1965) Barony Botetourt abeyant, 1984 Hugh Edward Conway Seymour (1930–1997) 8th Marquess of Hertford, 8th Earl of Hertford, 8th Viscount Beauchamp, 9th Baron Conway Edward Douglas Coke (1936–2015) 7th Earl of Leicester, 7th Viscount Coke David Robert Somerset (1928–2017) 11th Duke of Beaufort, 13th Marquess of Worcester, 17th Earl of Worcester FitzRoy John Somerset (1927–2010) 5th Baron Raglan Geoffrey Somerset (b. 1932) 6th Baron Raglan John Michael Edward Seymour (b. 1952) 19th Duke of Somerset Henry (Harry) Jocelyn Seymour (b. 1958) 9th Marquess of Hertford, 9th Earl of Hertford, 9th Viscount Beauchamp, 10th Baron Conway Thomas Edward Coke (b. 1965) 8th Earl of Leicester, 8th Viscount Coke Henry John FitzRoy Somerset (b. 1952) 12th Duke of Beaufort, 14th Marquess of Worcester, 18th Earl of Worcester Arthur Geoffrey Somerset (1960–2012) Sebastian Edward Seymour (b. 1982) styled Lord Seymour William Francis Seymour (b. 1993) styled Earl of Yarmouth Edward Horatio Coke (b. 2003) styled Viscount Coke Henry Robert FitzRoy Somerset (b. 1989) styled Marquess of Worcester Inigo Arthur Fitzroy Somerset (b. 2004) Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Somerset Heir apparent to the Marquessage of Hertford Heir apparent to the Earldom of Leicester Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Beaufort Heir apparent to the Raglan Barony

See also

• Dafydd Gam
• Dieu et mon droit
• English longbow
• List of English monarchs
• List of earls in the reign of Henry V of England

Footnotes

Bibliography

1. Ross, C. (28 July 1999). "Henry V, king of England". Encyclopædia Britannica.
2. Ross 1999.
3. Hastings, Adrian (1997). The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 9780521625449.
4. Allmand, Christopher (23 September 2010). "Henry V (1386–1422)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12952. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
5. Allmand, Christopher (1992). Henry V. English Monarchs series (new ed.). Yale University Press (published 1997). ISBN 978-0-3000-7369-0. pp. 7–8
6. Mortimer, Ian (2007). The Fears of Henry IV: The Life of England's Self-Made King. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 978-0-2240-7300-4. pp. 371–372.
7. Curry, A. (2013). "The Making of a Prince: The Finances of 'the young lord Henry', 1386–1400". In Gwilym Dodd (ed.). Henry V: New Interpretations. York Medieval Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-9031-5346-8.
8. Mortimer 2007, p. 371.
9. Allmand 2010.
10. Richardson, R. (2011). Kimball G. Everingham (ed.). Plantagenet Ancestry. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. p. 364 n. 231.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
11. Allmand 1992, pp. 7–8.
12. Mortimer 2007, p. 371.
13. Several combinations of 9 August 16 September, and the years 1386 and 1387 frequently feature as birth dates. 16 September appears in Henry V's birth record found in Prologus in Cronica Regina (printed by Hearne), which states that he was born in the feast of St. Edith. Another document, located at John Rylands Library (French MS 54), gives the specific date of 16 September 1386. The only early authority which places his birth in August is Memorials of Henry V (ed. Cole, p. 64: "natus in Augusto fueras"); the date 9 August is first given by Paolo Giovio, but seems to be a misprint for his coronation date (9 April). The only other evidence for a birth in August would be a statement that he was in his 36th year (aged 35) when he died.^[10] This would place Henry V's birth in September 1386 or August 1387.^[11] Since Henry's household was at Monmouth in 1386 but not in 1387, and a specific date is given for 1386, the date of 16 September 1386 is now regarded as the correct one.^[12]
14.   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge (1911). "Henry V.". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 284–285.
15. Salter, H.E.; Lobe, Mary D. (1954). "The University of Oxford". A History of the County of Oxford. Victoria County History. Vol. 3. pp. 132–143.
16. "Henry V | Biography, Facts, Wife, & Significance | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
17. Harriss, Gerald Leslie (2005). Shaping the Nation: England 1360–1461. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 532. ISBN 0-1982-2816-3.
18. Lang, S. J. (1992), "John Bradmore and His Book Philomena", Social History of Medicine, 5 (1): 121–130, doi:10.1093/shm/5.1.121, PMID 11612773.
19. Weis, René (1998). "Introduction". Henry IV, part 2. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 27. ISBN 0-19-283143-7.
20. Patterson, Annabel (1996). "Sir John Oldcastle and Reformation histiography". In Hamilton, Donna; Strier, Richard (eds.). Religion, literature, and politics in post-Reformation England, 1540–1688. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–12. ISBN 0-521-47456-6.
21. "1413", (History timelines), archived from the original on 5 May 2009, retrieved 27 May 2009
22. Andrews, Allen (1976), Kings and Queens of England and Scotland, London: Marshall Cavendish Publications, p. 76.
23. Fisher, J. (1996). The Emergence of Standard English. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-8131-0852-0.
24. Harriss, G. L., ed. (1985). Henry V: The Practice of Kingship. Oxford University Press. p. 46.
25. Mugglestone, Lydia (2006), The Oxford History of English, UK: Oxford University Press, p. 101, ISBN 0-19-924931-8.
26. Barker, J. (2005). Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle That Made England. London. p. 220.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
27. "Battle of Agincourt | Facts, Summary, & Significance | Britannica". 18 October 2023.
28. Hibbert, Christopher (1964). "During the battle". Agincourt. London: Batsford. p. 114. OCLC 460624273.
29. "Battle of Agincourt | Facts, Summary, & Significance | Britannica". 18 October 2023.
30. "Battle of Agincourt | Facts, Summary, & Significance | Britannica". 18 October 2023.
31. Rezachevici, Constantin (1999). Miller, Elizabeth (ed.). . Journal of Dracula Studies. St John's, NL, Canada: Memorial University of Newfoundland. 1. Archived from the original on 14 April 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2008.
32. Mowat, Robert Balmain (1919). Henry V. London: John Constable. pp. 176. ISBN 1-4067-6713-1.
33. Harvey, John Hooper (1967). The Plantagenets. London: Collins.
34. Seward, Desmond (1999). The hundred years war: The English in France 1337–1453. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-028361-7.
35. Trowbridge, Benjamin (9 August 2016). "The Battle of the Seine: Henry V's unknown naval triumph". The National Archives. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
36. Kingsford, C. (1901). Henry V: The Typical Mediæval Hero. GP Putnam's Sons.
37. Weir, Alison (2008). Britain's Royal Family. Vintage. p. 130. ISBN 9780099539735.
38. Wilson, Derek (2005), The Uncrowned Kings of England: The Black History of the Dudleys and the Tudor Throne, Carroll & Graf, ISBN 0-7867-1469-7.
39. "Henry V". History.com. 6 November 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
40. "The plot | Henry V | Royal Shakespeare Company".
41. "Henry V | film by Olivier [1944] | Britannica".
42. "Henry V | IMDb". IMDb.
43. "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family".
44. Flemberg, Marie-Louise, Filippa: engelsk prinsessa och nordisk unionsdrottning, Santérus, Stockholm, 2014
45. Fraser, Antonia (2000). A Royal History of England – The Wars of the Roses I. Los Angeles & Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0520228023.
46. Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905). John of Gaunt: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 77. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
47. Cokayne, G.E.; Gibbs, Vicary; Doubleday, H.A.; White, Geoffrey H.; Warrand, Duncan; de Walden, Howard, eds. (2000). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant. Vol. II (new ed.). Gloucester, UK: Alan Sutton Publishing. p. 70.
48. Tout, Thomas Frederick (1911). "Edward III" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 994–995.
49. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Philippa of Hainaut" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 390.
50. Weir, Alison (1999). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. London: The Bodley Head. p. 84. ISBN 9780099539735.
51. Mosley, Charles, ed. (1999). Burke's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (106th ed.). Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. p. 228.
52. Weir (1999), p. 84.
53. Cokayne et al (2000), I, p. 242
54. Weir (1999), p. 78.

Further reading

Sources

• Allmand, Christopher (2013) [1968]. Henry V. Association Pamphlets, General Series. Vol. 68 (revised ed.). London: Historical Association.
• Cowper, Marcus (10 September 2010). Henry V. Command. Vol. 8. Illustrated by Graham Turner. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-370-6.
• Curry, Anne. Henry V: From Playboy Prince to Warrior King.
• Dockray, Keith (2001). Warrior King: The Life of Henry V. Tempus Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7524-3046-1.
• Earle, Peter (1972). The Life and Times of Henry V. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-99428-2.
• Hutchinson, Harold Frederick (1967). Henry V: A Biography. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
• Kingsford, Charles (1891). "Henry V (1387–1422)" . In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 26. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

  ——, ed. (1911) [1513]. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth. Oxford: Clarendon Press. hdl:2027/yale.39002004659539.

• Mortimer, Ian (2009). 1415: Henry V's Year of Glory. London: The Bodley Head. ISBN 978-0-224-07992-1.
• Muir Wilson, I. M. U. (1922). "Henry V of England in France, 1415–1422". The Scottish Historical Review. 20 (77): 34–48. JSTOR 25519493.
• Pollard, A. J. (Anthony James) (3 February 2014). Henry V. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9763-1.
• Ripley, George & Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Henry V". American Cyclopædia (2nd ed.). New York: D. Appleton & Company. Vol. 8. pp. 644–646.
• Seward, Desmond (1987). Henry V as Warlord. Harmondsworth.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Wylie, James H. & Waugh, William Templeton (1914–1929). The Reign of Henry V. Cambridge University Press.

External links

 

Wikisource has original works by or about:
Henry V of England

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry V of England.

 

Wikiquote has quotations related to Henry V of England.

• Henry V (biography), Archontology, retrieved 28 November 2009
• "Henry V", BBC History
• Henry V (official website), UK: British Monarchy.
• "Henry V Biography", Who2
• Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (17 February 2011), "The Myth of Henry V", BBC History
• Tyler, J Endell, Henry of Monmouth: Memoirs of Henry the Fifth, Project Gutenberg.
• BBC Radio 4 Great Lives on Henry V – listen online: "Henry V", Great Lives, BBC Radio 4
• Portraits of King Henry V at the National Portrait Gallery, London  

Henry V of England House of Lancaster Cadet branch of the House of Plantagenet Born: 16 September 1386 Died: 31 August 1422
Regnal titles
Preceded by Henry IV	King of England Lord of Ireland 1413–1422	Succeeded by Henry VI
	Duke of Aquitaine 1400–1422
Peerage of England
Vacant Title last held by Richard of Bordeaux	Prince of Wales 1399–1413	Vacant Title next held by Edward of Westminster
	Duke of Cornwall 1399–1413	Vacant Title next held by Henry of Windsor
Preceded by Henry of Bolingbroke	Duke of Lancaster 1399–1413	Merged in Crown
Honorary titles
Preceded by Sir Thomas Erpynham	Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1409–1412	Succeeded by The Earl of Arundel