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Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset

Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset KG (1591 – 17 July 1652) was an English courtier, soldier and politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1622 and became Earl of Dorset in 1624. He fought a duel in his early life, and was later involved in colonisation in North America. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War.

Edward Sackville, later 4th Earl of Dorset, c. 1614, by William Larkin.
Edward Sackville, miniature by John Hoskins, 1635

Early life

Sackville was the younger surviving son of Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset, by his first wife Margaret, a daughter of the Duke of Norfolk. He matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, with his brother Richard, on 26 July 1605. He was awarded MA at Cambridge University[1] and was incorporated at Oxford from Cambridge on 9 July 1616. In August 1613 he became notorious for killing in a duel Edward Bruce, 2nd Lord Kinloss. The duel concerned Venetia Stanley, a society beauty and a granddaughter of Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby. The meeting took place on a piece of ground purchased for the purpose two miles from Bergen-op-Zoom, Netherlands, which even in 1814 was known as Bruceland. Sackville was run through the body and lost a finger while attempting to disarm Kinloss, but ultimately dispatched his opponent with two thrusts to the chest. Though gravely wounded, Sackville survived, but Venetia Stanley ultimately married Sir Kenelm Digby who after his marriage maintained friendly relations with Sackville, referring to him as the "Mardontius" in his memoirs. Sackville sent, in self-justification, a long narrative from Louvain, dated 8 September 1613, with copies of Bruce's challenges. Sackville's life was attempted soon after his return to England.[2]

Early political career and colonist activity

Some sources claim that in 1614, Sackville was elected MP for Sussex and was one of the leaders of the popular party[2] but this is disputed in other records of the Addled Parliament.[3] In 1616 he visited Lyons and procured the release of Sir Edward Herbert who had been arrested there. He was made a Knight of the Bath on 3 November 1616 when Charles I was created Prince of Wales. From 1619 he was a leading member of the party of the Virginia Company which supported Sir Edwin Sandys. On 22 July 1620 he sailed as a commander in the forces sent under Sir Horatio Vere to assist Frederick V, the Bohemian king, who was James I's son-in-law.[4] He was present at the Battle of White Mountain on 8 November 1620.[2]

In 1621 Sackville was elected MP for Sussex. In March he was nominated chairman of the commons committee for the inspection of the courts of justice, but did not act. He spoke on behalf of Francis Bacon in parliament on 17 March 1621, and often pleaded for him with Buckingham. In July 1621 he was briefly ambassador to Louis XIII of France. In November 1621 he vigorously defended the proposal to vote a subsidy for the recovery of the Palatinate, declaring that "the passing-bell was now tolling for religion". This speech has been wrongly dated as of 1623, when parliament was not sitting. In April 1623, the King "roundly and soundly" reproved Sackville at a meeting of the directors of the Virginia company. He was governor of the Bermuda Islands Company in 1623. On 23 May 1623, he received a licence to travel for three years and was nominated ambassador to Louis XIII again in September 1623. He was in Rome in 1624, and visited Marc Antonio de Dominis archbishop of Spalato, in his dungeon. While he was at Florence he received the news of the death of his elder brother Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset, which took place on 28 March 1624 and he thereupon became fourth Earl of Dorset.[2]

Earl of Dorset

 
Arms of Sir Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset, KG

Dorset succeeded to family estates which were heavily encumbered and he was selling land to pay off his brother's debts on 26 June 1626 (money was still owing on 26 September 1650). He became joint Lord Lieutenant of Sussex and joint Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex, and held several other offices, including the mastership of Ashdown Forest, and stewardship of Great Yarmouth from 1629. He was made K.G. on 15 May 1625, and installed by proxy on 23 December. At the coronation of Charles I on 2 February 1626, he was a commissioner of claims, and carried the first sword, and he was called to the privy council on 3 August 1626. His influence at court was fully established by his appointment as lord chamberlain to Queen Henrietta Maria on 16 July 1628. As such, he was a prime mover in theatre and drama in London, and was the force behind the founding of the Salisbury Court Theatre at Salisbury Court off Fleet Street where he lived. He was a commissioner for planting Virginia in 1631 and 1634.[2]

As a peer and privy councillor Dorset showed great activity. He was a commissioner on 30 May 1635 and 10 April 1636 for dealing with the new buildings which had been erected in or about London and Westminster. He was a lord commissioner of the admiralty, one of the adventurers with the Earl of Lindsey and others for draining various parts of Lincolnshire and a commissioner for improving the supply of saltpetre. On 13 June 1636, he was constable of Beaumaris Castle. While sitting on the Star-chamber commission in 1636, he advised the imprisonment of the peers who refused to pay a forced loan although in April 1636 he himself was one of the defaulters for ship-money in Kent to the extent of £5. He kept up his connection with America, and petitioned for a grant of Sandy Hook Island (lat. 44°), on 10 December 1638. He was nominated on a committee of council to deal with ship-money on 20 May 1640 but abstained carefully from committing himself to the illegal proceedings encouraged by his more violent colleagues.[2]

In 1640 Dorset was one of the peers nominated to act as regents while the king was absent in the north. In January 1641 he helped to arrange the marriage of the Princess Mary with the Prince of Orange, and was a commissioner of regency again from 9 August to 25 November. He opposed the proceedings against the bishops, and ordered the trained bands of Middlesex to fire on the mob that gathered to intimidate parliament on 29 November 1641. According to the historian Clarendon the Commons wished to impeach Dorset either for this or "for some judgment he had been party to in the Star-chamber or council table".[2]

Civil War

Early in 1642, Dorset joined the king at York, and pledged himself to support a troop of sixty horse. He attested to the king's declaration on 15 June 1642, that he abhorred the idea of war. In July he attended the queen in Holland, but returned before the king's standard was raised at Nottingham. On 25 August he was sent, with Lord Southampton and Sir John Colepeper, to treat with the parliamentary leaders. On the same date, parliamentary soldiers plundered Knole House. He was present at the Battle of Edgehill. He may have been in charge of the young princes as James II wrote in 1679 that "the old Earl of Dorset at Edgehill, being commanded by the king, my father, to go and carry the prince and myself up the hill out of the battle, refused to do it, and said he would not be thought a coward for ever a king's son in Christendom". He went to Oxford with the king, and more than once protested against the continuation of the war. He made a speech at the council table against one by the Earl of Bristol and this was circulated as a tract on 18 January 1643. He was made a commissioner of the king's treasury on 7 March 1643, and was Lord Chamberlain of the household from 21 January 1644 to 27 April 1646. Early in 1644, he was also entrusted with the privy seal and the presidency of the council. He made sensible speeches, which were printed in Oxford and London as "shewing his good affection to the Parliament and the whole state of this Kingdom". He signed the letter asking Essex to promote peace, in January 1644. He was one of the committee charged with the defence of Oxford; and was nominated by Charles in December 1645 one of those to whom he would entrust the militia. He was one of the signatories to the capitulation of Oxford on 24 June 1646.[2]

In June 1644 Dorset was assessed by the committee for the advance of money at £5,000 and his eldest son was assessed at £1,500. In 1645 he resigned an estate of £6,000, the committee undertaking to pay his debts. In September 1646 he petitioned to compound for his delinquency on the Oxford articles, and his fine of one-tenth was fixed at £4,360l. It was reduced to £2,415 on 25 March 1647, and he was discharged on 4 June 1650.[2]

Dorset was said to be one of the six peers who intended to go to Charles at Hampton Court in October 1647 and stay with him as a council, but parliament did not permit this.[2]

After the execution of the king in 1649, Dorset is said never to have left his house in Salisbury Court, Fleet Street. He died there on 17 July 1652, and was buried in the family vault at Withyham. His monument was destroyed by fire on 16 June 1663. An elegy on him was printed, with heavy black edges, by James Howell, in a rare pamphlet entitled "Ah-Ha, Tumulus Thalamus".[2]

Clarendon described Dorset as "beautiful, graceful, and vigorous: his wit pleasant, sparkling, and sublime .... The vices he had were of the age, which he was not stubborn enough to contemn or resist". He was an able speaker, and on the whole, a moderate politician, combining a strong respect for the royal prerogative with an attachment to the Protestant cause and the liberties of parliament. He was evidently an excellent man of business.[2]

Family

Dorset married Mary Curzon, daughter and heiress of Sir George Curzon of Croxall Hall, Derbyshire in 1612.[5] Their children were:

  • Mary, died young on 30 October 1632
  • Richard (1622–1677), fifth earl
  • Edward, wounded at Newbury on 20 September 1643, and murdered by Parliamentary forces at Chawley in the parish of Cumnor, near Oxford, on 11 April 1646.

In 1630 Lady Mary was appointed "governess" for a term of twelve years of Charles, Prince of Wales and James, Duke of York, both later Kings of England and Scotland. She received charge of the younger children, Henry and his sister Elizabeth, on 20 July 1643, and was allowed £600 a year, with Knole House and Dorset House, in recognition of her services. She died in 1645 when she was about to be relieved of her duties, and, as a reward for her "godly and conscientious care and pains," received a public funeral in Westminster Abbey.[2] After the Restoration, her son Richard petitioned the crown for further recognition of his late mother's service.[6]

Legacy

References

  1. ^ "Sackville, Edward (SKVL612E)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Sackville, Edward" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
  3. ^ Proceedings in Parliament 1614. 1988. ISBN 9780871691729. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  4. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dorset, Earls, Marquesses and Dukes of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 433.
  5. ^ "Sackville [née Curzon], Mary, countess of Dorset (bap. 1586, d. 1645), royal governess". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/92426. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  6. ^ Green, Mary Anne Everett. "Charles II - volume 20: October 1660 Pages 331-350 Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Charles II, 1660–1. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1860". British History Online. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  7. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 108.
  8. ^ Room, Adrian (1989). Dictionary of World Place Names Derived from British Names. Taylor & Francis. p. 46. ISBN 0-415-02811-6.
  9. ^ . Qikiqtani Inuit Association. qia.ca. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2009.

External links

  • Description of the duel
Parliament of England
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Sussex
1621–1622
With: Christopher Neville
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Sussex
jointly with The Earl of Northumberland 1635–1642
Lord Maltravers 1636–1642

1624–1642
English Interregnum
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex
jointly with The Earl of Holland

1628–1642
Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord Chamberlain
1642–1649
Succeeded by
Peerage of England
Preceded by Earl of Dorset
1624–1652
Succeeded by

edward, sackville, earl, dorset, 1591, july, 1652, english, courtier, soldier, politician, house, commons, from, 1621, 1622, became, earl, dorset, 1624, fought, duel, early, life, later, involved, colonisation, north, america, supported, royalist, cause, engli. Edward Sackville 4th Earl of Dorset KG 1591 17 July 1652 was an English courtier soldier and politician He sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1622 and became Earl of Dorset in 1624 He fought a duel in his early life and was later involved in colonisation in North America He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War Edward Sackville later 4th Earl of Dorset c 1614 by William Larkin Edward Sackville miniature by John Hoskins 1635 Contents 1 Early life 2 Early political career and colonist activity 3 Earl of Dorset 4 Civil War 5 Family 6 Legacy 7 References 8 External linksEarly life EditSackville was the younger surviving son of Robert Sackville 2nd Earl of Dorset by his first wife Margaret a daughter of the Duke of Norfolk He matriculated from Christ Church Oxford with his brother Richard on 26 July 1605 He was awarded MA at Cambridge University 1 and was incorporated at Oxford from Cambridge on 9 July 1616 In August 1613 he became notorious for killing in a duel Edward Bruce 2nd Lord Kinloss The duel concerned Venetia Stanley a society beauty and a granddaughter of Edward Stanley 3rd Earl of Derby The meeting took place on a piece of ground purchased for the purpose two miles from Bergen op Zoom Netherlands which even in 1814 was known as Bruceland Sackville was run through the body and lost a finger while attempting to disarm Kinloss but ultimately dispatched his opponent with two thrusts to the chest Though gravely wounded Sackville survived but Venetia Stanley ultimately married Sir Kenelm Digby who after his marriage maintained friendly relations with Sackville referring to him as the Mardontius in his memoirs Sackville sent in self justification a long narrative from Louvain dated 8 September 1613 with copies of Bruce s challenges Sackville s life was attempted soon after his return to England 2 Early political career and colonist activity EditSome sources claim that in 1614 Sackville was elected MP for Sussex and was one of the leaders of the popular party 2 but this is disputed in other records of the Addled Parliament 3 In 1616 he visited Lyons and procured the release of Sir Edward Herbert who had been arrested there He was made a Knight of the Bath on 3 November 1616 when Charles I was created Prince of Wales From 1619 he was a leading member of the party of the Virginia Company which supported Sir Edwin Sandys On 22 July 1620 he sailed as a commander in the forces sent under Sir Horatio Vere to assist Frederick V the Bohemian king who was James I s son in law 4 He was present at the Battle of White Mountain on 8 November 1620 2 In 1621 Sackville was elected MP for Sussex In March he was nominated chairman of the commons committee for the inspection of the courts of justice but did not act He spoke on behalf of Francis Bacon in parliament on 17 March 1621 and often pleaded for him with Buckingham In July 1621 he was briefly ambassador to Louis XIII of France In November 1621 he vigorously defended the proposal to vote a subsidy for the recovery of the Palatinate declaring that the passing bell was now tolling for religion This speech has been wrongly dated as of 1623 when parliament was not sitting In April 1623 the King roundly and soundly reproved Sackville at a meeting of the directors of the Virginia company He was governor of the Bermuda Islands Company in 1623 On 23 May 1623 he received a licence to travel for three years and was nominated ambassador to Louis XIII again in September 1623 He was in Rome in 1624 and visited Marc Antonio de Dominis archbishop of Spalato in his dungeon While he was at Florence he received the news of the death of his elder brother Richard Sackville 3rd Earl of Dorset which took place on 28 March 1624 and he thereupon became fourth Earl of Dorset 2 Earl of Dorset Edit Arms of Sir Edward Sackville 4th Earl of Dorset KG Dorset succeeded to family estates which were heavily encumbered and he was selling land to pay off his brother s debts on 26 June 1626 money was still owing on 26 September 1650 He became joint Lord Lieutenant of Sussex and joint Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex and held several other offices including the mastership of Ashdown Forest and stewardship of Great Yarmouth from 1629 He was made K G on 15 May 1625 and installed by proxy on 23 December At the coronation of Charles I on 2 February 1626 he was a commissioner of claims and carried the first sword and he was called to the privy council on 3 August 1626 His influence at court was fully established by his appointment as lord chamberlain to Queen Henrietta Maria on 16 July 1628 As such he was a prime mover in theatre and drama in London and was the force behind the founding of the Salisbury Court Theatre at Salisbury Court off Fleet Street where he lived He was a commissioner for planting Virginia in 1631 and 1634 2 As a peer and privy councillor Dorset showed great activity He was a commissioner on 30 May 1635 and 10 April 1636 for dealing with the new buildings which had been erected in or about London and Westminster He was a lord commissioner of the admiralty one of the adventurers with the Earl of Lindsey and others for draining various parts of Lincolnshire and a commissioner for improving the supply of saltpetre On 13 June 1636 he was constable of Beaumaris Castle While sitting on the Star chamber commission in 1636 he advised the imprisonment of the peers who refused to pay a forced loan although in April 1636 he himself was one of the defaulters for ship money in Kent to the extent of 5 He kept up his connection with America and petitioned for a grant of Sandy Hook Island lat 44 on 10 December 1638 He was nominated on a committee of council to deal with ship money on 20 May 1640 but abstained carefully from committing himself to the illegal proceedings encouraged by his more violent colleagues 2 In 1640 Dorset was one of the peers nominated to act as regents while the king was absent in the north In January 1641 he helped to arrange the marriage of the Princess Mary with the Prince of Orange and was a commissioner of regency again from 9 August to 25 November He opposed the proceedings against the bishops and ordered the trained bands of Middlesex to fire on the mob that gathered to intimidate parliament on 29 November 1641 According to the historian Clarendon the Commons wished to impeach Dorset either for this or for some judgment he had been party to in the Star chamber or council table 2 Civil War EditEarly in 1642 Dorset joined the king at York and pledged himself to support a troop of sixty horse He attested to the king s declaration on 15 June 1642 that he abhorred the idea of war In July he attended the queen in Holland but returned before the king s standard was raised at Nottingham On 25 August he was sent with Lord Southampton and Sir John Colepeper to treat with the parliamentary leaders On the same date parliamentary soldiers plundered Knole House He was present at the Battle of Edgehill He may have been in charge of the young princes as James II wrote in 1679 that the old Earl of Dorset at Edgehill being commanded by the king my father to go and carry the prince and myself up the hill out of the battle refused to do it and said he would not be thought a coward for ever a king s son in Christendom He went to Oxford with the king and more than once protested against the continuation of the war He made a speech at the council table against one by the Earl of Bristol and this was circulated as a tract on 18 January 1643 He was made a commissioner of the king s treasury on 7 March 1643 and was Lord Chamberlain of the household from 21 January 1644 to 27 April 1646 Early in 1644 he was also entrusted with the privy seal and the presidency of the council He made sensible speeches which were printed in Oxford and London as shewing his good affection to the Parliament and the whole state of this Kingdom He signed the letter asking Essex to promote peace in January 1644 He was one of the committee charged with the defence of Oxford and was nominated by Charles in December 1645 one of those to whom he would entrust the militia He was one of the signatories to the capitulation of Oxford on 24 June 1646 2 In June 1644 Dorset was assessed by the committee for the advance of money at 5 000 and his eldest son was assessed at 1 500 In 1645 he resigned an estate of 6 000 the committee undertaking to pay his debts In September 1646 he petitioned to compound for his delinquency on the Oxford articles and his fine of one tenth was fixed at 4 360l It was reduced to 2 415 on 25 March 1647 and he was discharged on 4 June 1650 2 Dorset was said to be one of the six peers who intended to go to Charles at Hampton Court in October 1647 and stay with him as a council but parliament did not permit this 2 After the execution of the king in 1649 Dorset is said never to have left his house in Salisbury Court Fleet Street He died there on 17 July 1652 and was buried in the family vault at Withyham His monument was destroyed by fire on 16 June 1663 An elegy on him was printed with heavy black edges by James Howell in a rare pamphlet entitled Ah Ha Tumulus Thalamus 2 Clarendon described Dorset as beautiful graceful and vigorous his wit pleasant sparkling and sublime The vices he had were of the age which he was not stubborn enough to contemn or resist He was an able speaker and on the whole a moderate politician combining a strong respect for the royal prerogative with an attachment to the Protestant cause and the liberties of parliament He was evidently an excellent man of business 2 Family EditDorset married Mary Curzon daughter and heiress of Sir George Curzon of Croxall Hall Derbyshire in 1612 5 Their children were Mary died young on 30 October 1632 Richard 1622 1677 fifth earl Edward wounded at Newbury on 20 September 1643 and murdered by Parliamentary forces at Chawley in the parish of Cumnor near Oxford on 11 April 1646 In 1630 Lady Mary was appointed governess for a term of twelve years of Charles Prince of Wales and James Duke of York both later Kings of England and Scotland She received charge of the younger children Henry and his sister Elizabeth on 20 July 1643 and was allowed 600 a year with Knole House and Dorset House in recognition of her services She died in 1645 when she was about to be relieved of her duties and as a reward for her godly and conscientious care and pains received a public funeral in Westminster Abbey 2 After the Restoration her son Richard petitioned the crown for further recognition of his late mother s service 6 Legacy EditDorchester County Maryland 7 Cape Dorset 8 Dorset Island Dorset culture 9 References Edit Sackville Edward SKVL612E A Cambridge Alumni Database University of Cambridge a b c d e f g h i j k l m Sackville Edward Dictionary of National Biography London Smith Elder amp Co 1885 1900 Proceedings in Parliament 1614 1988 ISBN 9780871691729 Retrieved 7 October 2011 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Dorset Earls Marquesses and Dukes of Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 8 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 433 Sackville nee Curzon Mary countess of Dorset bap 1586 d 1645 royal governess Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi 10 1093 ref odnb 92426 Retrieved 2 May 2021 Green Mary Anne Everett Charles II volume 20 October 1660 Pages 331 350 Calendar of State Papers Domestic Charles II 1660 1 Originally published by Her Majesty s Stationery Office London 1860 British History Online Retrieved 2 August 2020 Gannett Henry 1905 The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States Govt Print Off pp 108 Room Adrian 1989 Dictionary of World Place Names Derived from British Names Taylor amp Francis p 46 ISBN 0 415 02811 6 CAPE DORSET Kingnait Qikiqtani Inuit Association qia ca Archived from the original on 6 January 2010 Retrieved 16 February 2009 External links EditDescription of the duelParliament of EnglandPreceded bySir Walter CovertSampson Lennard Member of Parliament for Sussex1621 1622 With Christopher Neville Succeeded byAlgernon Lord PeircyThomas PelhamPolitical officesPreceded byThe Earl of Dorset Lord Lieutenant of Sussexjointly with The Earl of Northumberland 1635 1642Lord Maltravers 1636 16421624 1642 English InterregnumPreceded byThe Duke of Buckingham Lord Lieutenant of Middlesexjointly with The Earl of Holland1628 1642 Succeeded byThe Earl of HollandPreceded byThe Earl of Essex Lord Chamberlain1642 1649 Succeeded byThe Earl of ManchesterPeerage of EnglandPreceded byRichard Sackville Earl of Dorset1624 1652 Succeeded byRichard Sackville Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Edward Sackville 4th Earl of Dorset amp oldid 1125499025, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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