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Earl of Northumberland

January 31, 2023

The title of Earl of Northumberland has been created several times in the Peerage of England and of Great Britain, succeeding the title Earl of Northumbria. Its most famous holders are the House of Percy (alias Perci), who were the most powerful noble family in Northern England for much of the Middle Ages. The heirs of the Percys, via a female line, were ultimately made Duke of Northumberland in 1766, and continue to hold the earldom as a subsidiary title.[citation needed]

Earldom of Northumberland
subsidiary title of the
Duke of Northumberland
Arms of Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland and 13th Earl of Northumberland (fifth creation)
Creation date1377 (first creation)
1416 (second creation)
1464 (third creation)
1674 (fourth creation)
1749 (fifth creation)
Created byRichard II (first creation)
Henry V (second creation)
Henry VI (third creation)
Edward VI (second creation restored)
Charles II (fourth creation)
George II (fifth creation)
PeeragePeerage of England (first to fourth creations)
Peerage of Great Britain (fifth creation)
First holderHenry Percy
Present holderRalph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland
Heir apparentGeorge Percy, Earl Percy
StatusFifth creation extant
Extinction date1405 (first creation)
1461(second creation forfeit)
1471 (third creation)
1670 (second creation extinct)
1683 (fourth creation)
Seat(s)Alnwick Castle
Syon House

History

Percy family

 
 
Left: Paternal arms of Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy (1273–1314): Azure, five fusils in fess or,[1]("Percy ancient") which he abandoned in favour of right: Or, a lion rampant azure ("Percy modern"/Brabant)[2] Both arms were quartered by the Percy Earls of Northumberland and remain quartered by the present Duke of Northumberland

William de Percy, 1st Baron Percy, was in the train of William I.[citation needed] After arriving in England following the Harrying of the North (1069–70), he was bestowed modest estates in Yorkshire by Hugh d'Avranches. However, by the reign of Henry II the family was represented by only an heiress, Agnes de Percy (died 1203) following the death of the third feudal baron. As her dowry contained the manor of Topcliffe in Yorkshire, Adeliza of Louvain, the widowed and remarried second wife of Henry I, arranged the marriage of Agnes with her own young half-brother, Joscelin of Louvain. After their wedding, the nobleman from the Duchy of Brabant in the Holy Roman Empire settled in England. He adopted the surname Percy and his descendants were later created Earls of Northumberland. The Percys' line would go on to play a large role in the history of both England and Scotland. As nearly every Percy was a Warden of the Marches, Scottish affairs were often of more concern than those in England.[3]

1309: 1st Baron Percy

In 1309, Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy purchased Alnwick Castle from Antony Bek, Bishop of Durham. The castle had been founded in the late 11th century by Ivo de Vesci, a nobleman from Vassy or Vichy. A descendant of Ivo de Vesci, John de Vesci, succeeded to his father's titles and estates upon his father's death in Gascony in 1253. These included the barony of Alnwick and a large property in Northumberland and considerable estates in Yorkshire, including Malton. Due to being under age, King Henry III of England conferred the wardship of John's estates to a foreign kinsman, which caused great offence to the de Vesci family. The family's property and estates had been put into the guardianship of Bek, who sold them to the Percys. From this time, the fortunes of the Percys, although they still held their Yorkshire lands and titles, were linked permanently with Alnwick and its castle.[citation needed]

1316: 2nd Baron Percy

Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy, who was granted the lands of Patrick IV, Earl of March, in Northumberland, by Edward II in 1316, began to improve the size and defences of the castle. He was appointed to Edward III's Council in 1327 and was given the manor and castle of Skipton. Was granted, by Edward III, the castle and barony of Warkworth in 1328. He was at the siege of Dunbar and the Battle of Halidon Hill and was subsequently appointed constable of Berwick-upon-Tweed. In 1346, Henry commanded the right wing of the English Army which defeated a larger Scottish force at the Battle of Neville's Cross. His son, Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy married Mary of Lancaster, an aunt of John of Gaunt's wife Blanche of Lancaster.[3]


1377 creation

 
17th-century Percy Window in Petworth House, Sussex, displaying in stained glass 9 heraldic escutcheons of quartered arms of 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, father of 7th & 8th, 7th, 8th & 9th Percy Earls of Northumberland, each impaling the quartered arms of his wife.

In 1377, the next Henry Percy was created Earl of Northumberland, which title he was given after the coronation of Richard II. Nor was this all, for he was that Northumberland whose doings in the next reign fill so large a part of Shakespeare's Henry IV, and he was the father of the most famous Percy of all, Henry Percy the fifth, better known as "Hotspur". Hotspur never became Earl of Northumberland, having been slain at Shrewsbury in the lifetime of his father, whose estates were forfeited under attainder on account of the rebellion of himself and his son against King Henry IV.[3]


1416 creation

Henry V restored Hotspur's son, the second Earl, to his family honours, and the Percys were staunch Lancastrians during the Wars of the Roses which followed, the third Earl and three of his brothers losing their lives in the cause.[3]

The fourth Earl was involved in the political manoeuvrings of the last Yorkist kings Edward IV and Richard III. Through either indecision or treachery he did not respond in a timely manner at the Battle of Bosworth Field, and thus helped cause his ally Richard III's defeat at the hands of Henry Tudor (who became Henry VII). In 1489, he was pulled from his horse and murdered by some of his tenants.[citation needed]

The fifth Earl displayed magnificence in his tastes, and being one of the richest magnates of his day, kept a very large household establishment.[citation needed]

Henry Percy, the sixth Earl of Northumberland, loved Anne Boleyn, and was her accepted suitor before Henry VIII married her. He married later to Mary Talbot, the daughter of the Earl of Shrewsbury, but as he died without a son, his nephew Thomas Percy became the seventh Earl.[3]

Thereafter, a succession of plots and counterplots—the Rising of the North, the plots to liberate Mary Queen of Scots, and the Gunpowder Plot – each claimed a Percy among their adherents. On this account the eighth and ninth Earls spent many years in the Tower, but the tenth Earl, Algernon, fought against King Charles in the Civil War, the male line of the Percy-Louvain house ending with Josceline, the eleventh Earl. The heiress to the vast Percy estates married the Duke of Somerset; and her granddaughter married a Yorkshire knight, Sir Hugh Smithson, who in 1766 was created the first Duke of Northumberland and Earl Percy, and it is their descendants who now represent the famous old house.[3]

The current duke lives at Alnwick Castle and Syon House, just outside London.


List of titleholders

Early earls

Main article: Earl of Northumbria

Earls of Northumberland, first creation (1377)

Earls of Northumberland, second creation (1416)

Earl of Northumberland, third creation (1464)

Earls of Northumberland (1416, cont.)

Various references use at least three different sequences of numbers for the Earls; the ones shown here are those used in the individual articles on the 12 Earls. The major difference arises from the question of whether Henry (1394–1455) was 1st as a new creation or 2nd as a restoration of the rights of his grandfather, Henry (1341–1408). Additionally, there is some debate about whether the 7th Earl was restored to the previous creation or was given a new creation.

Earls of Northumberland, fourth creation (1674)

Earls of Northumberland, fifth creation (1749)

The line continues with the Dukes of Northumberland (third creation)

Family tree

See also

References

  1. ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.849, Duke of Northumberland
  2. ^ Howard de Walden, Lord, Some Feudal Lords and their Seals 1301, published 1904, p.43
  3. ^ a b c d e f Northumberland Yesterday and To-day by Jean F. Terry, 1913, from Project Gutenberg

Bibliography

Non-Fiction

  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Northumberland, Earls and Dukes of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 787–788.
  • Rose, Alexander. Kings in the North: The House of Percy in British History. Phoenix/Orion Books Ltd, 2002. ISBN 0-297-81860-0, ISBN 1-84212-485-4.
  • Tate, George, The history of the borough, castle, and barony of Alnwick. Henry Hunter Hare, Alnwick, 1866

The Earls of Northumberland in Literature and Media

  • The 1st Earl of Norhumberland and his son, Henry "Hotspur" Percy, play large roles in Shakespeare's play, "Henry IV, Part 1).
  • A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury by Edith Pargeter (1st Earl of Northumberland and Henry "Hotspur" Percy)
  • Lion of Alnwick (Book 1 of The Percy Saga) by Carol Wensby-Scott (1st Earl of Northumberland and Henry "Hotspur" Percy)
  • Lion Dormant (Book 2 of The Percy Saga) by Carol Wensby-Scott (Hotspur's son the 2nd Earl of Northumberland and his son the 3rd Earl of Northumberland)
  • Lion Invincible (Book 3 of The Percy Saga) by Carol Wensby-Scott (The 4th Earl of Northumberland)
  • Alnwick Castle, the traditional home of the Earls of Northumberland, was used as the location of Hogwarts in the Harry Potter movies.

Notes

  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain in the US: Northumberland Yesterday and To-day by Jean F. Terry, 1913

January 31, 2023
earl, northumberland, title, been, created, several, times, peerage, england, great, britain, succeeding, title, earl, northumbria, most, famous, holders, house, percy, alias, perci, were, most, powerful, noble, family, northern, england, much, middle, ages, h. The title of Earl of Northumberland has been created several times in the Peerage of England and of Great Britain succeeding the title Earl of Northumbria Its most famous holders are the House of Percy alias Perci who were the most powerful noble family in Northern England for much of the Middle Ages The heirs of the Percys via a female line were ultimately made Duke of Northumberland in 1766 and continue to hold the earldom as a subsidiary title citation needed Earldom of Northumberlandsubsidiary title of theDuke of NorthumberlandArms of Ralph Percy 12th Duke of Northumberland and 13th Earl of Northumberland fifth creation Creation date1377 first creation 1416 second creation 1464 third creation 1674 fourth creation 1749 fifth creation Created byRichard II first creation Henry V second creation Henry VI third creation Edward VI second creation restored Charles II fourth creation George II fifth creation PeeragePeerage of England first to fourth creations Peerage of Great Britain fifth creation First holderHenry PercyPresent holderRalph Percy 12th Duke of NorthumberlandHeir apparentGeorge Percy Earl PercyStatusFifth creation extantExtinction date1405 first creation 1461 second creation forfeit 1471 third creation 1670 second creation extinct 1683 fourth creation Seat s Alnwick CastleSyon House Contents 1 History 1 1 Percy family 1 1 1 1309 1st Baron Percy 1 1 2 1316 2nd Baron Percy 1 2 1377 creation 1 3 1416 creation 2 List of titleholders 2 1 Early earls 2 2 Earls of Northumberland first creation 1377 2 3 Earls of Northumberland second creation 1416 2 4 Earl of Northumberland third creation 1464 2 5 Earls of Northumberland 1416 cont 2 6 Earls of Northumberland fourth creation 1674 2 7 Earls of Northumberland fifth creation 1749 2 7 1 Family tree 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 5 1 Non Fiction 5 2 The Earls of Northumberland in Literature and Media 5 3 NotesHistory EditPercy family Edit Left Paternal arms of Henry de Percy 1st Baron Percy 1273 1314 Azure five fusils in fess or 1 Percy ancient which he abandoned in favour of right Or a lion rampant azure Percy modern Brabant 2 Both arms were quartered by the Percy Earls of Northumberland and remain quartered by the present Duke of Northumberland William de Percy 1st Baron Percy was in the train of William I citation needed After arriving in England following the Harrying of the North 1069 70 he was bestowed modest estates in Yorkshire by Hugh d Avranches However by the reign of Henry II the family was represented by only an heiress Agnes de Percy died 1203 following the death of the third feudal baron As her dowry contained the manor of Topcliffe in Yorkshire Adeliza of Louvain the widowed and remarried second wife of Henry I arranged the marriage of Agnes with her own young half brother Joscelin of Louvain After their wedding the nobleman from the Duchy of Brabant in the Holy Roman Empire settled in England He adopted the surname Percy and his descendants were later created Earls of Northumberland The Percys line would go on to play a large role in the history of both England and Scotland As nearly every Percy was a Warden of the Marches Scottish affairs were often of more concern than those in England 3 1309 1st Baron Percy Edit In 1309 Henry de Percy 1st Baron Percy purchased Alnwick Castle from Antony Bek Bishop of Durham The castle had been founded in the late 11th century by Ivo de Vesci a nobleman from Vassy or Vichy A descendant of Ivo de Vesci John de Vesci succeeded to his father s titles and estates upon his father s death in Gascony in 1253 These included the barony of Alnwick and a large property in Northumberland and considerable estates in Yorkshire including Malton Due to being under age King Henry III of England conferred the wardship of John s estates to a foreign kinsman which caused great offence to the de Vesci family The family s property and estates had been put into the guardianship of Bek who sold them to the Percys From this time the fortunes of the Percys although they still held their Yorkshire lands and titles were linked permanently with Alnwick and its castle citation needed 1316 2nd Baron Percy Edit Henry de Percy 2nd Baron Percy who was granted the lands of Patrick IV Earl of March in Northumberland by Edward II in 1316 began to improve the size and defences of the castle He was appointed to Edward III s Council in 1327 and was given the manor and castle of Skipton Was granted by Edward III the castle and barony of Warkworth in 1328 He was at the siege of Dunbar and the Battle of Halidon Hill and was subsequently appointed constable of Berwick upon Tweed In 1346 Henry commanded the right wing of the English Army which defeated a larger Scottish force at the Battle of Neville s Cross His son Henry de Percy 3rd Baron Percy married Mary of Lancaster an aunt of John of Gaunt s wife Blanche of Lancaster 3 1377 creation Edit 17th century Percy Window in Petworth House Sussex displaying in stained glass 9 heraldic escutcheons of quartered arms of 1st 3rd 4th 5th 6th father of 7th amp 8th 7th 8th amp 9th Percy Earls of Northumberland each impaling the quartered arms of his wife In 1377 the next Henry Percy was created Earl of Northumberland which title he was given after the coronation of Richard II Nor was this all for he was that Northumberland whose doings in the next reign fill so large a part of Shakespeare s Henry IV and he was the father of the most famous Percy of all Henry Percy the fifth better known as Hotspur Hotspur never became Earl of Northumberland having been slain at Shrewsbury in the lifetime of his father whose estates were forfeited under attainder on account of the rebellion of himself and his son against King Henry IV 3 1416 creation Edit Henry V restored Hotspur s son the second Earl to his family honours and the Percys were staunch Lancastrians during the Wars of the Roses which followed the third Earl and three of his brothers losing their lives in the cause 3 The fourth Earl was involved in the political manoeuvrings of the last Yorkist kings Edward IV and Richard III Through either indecision or treachery he did not respond in a timely manner at the Battle of Bosworth Field and thus helped cause his ally Richard III s defeat at the hands of Henry Tudor who became Henry VII In 1489 he was pulled from his horse and murdered by some of his tenants citation needed The fifth Earl displayed magnificence in his tastes and being one of the richest magnates of his day kept a very large household establishment citation needed Henry Percy the sixth Earl of Northumberland loved Anne Boleyn and was her accepted suitor before Henry VIII married her He married later to Mary Talbot the daughter of the Earl of Shrewsbury but as he died without a son his nephew Thomas Percy became the seventh Earl 3 Thereafter a succession of plots and counterplots the Rising of the North the plots to liberate Mary Queen of Scots and the Gunpowder Plot each claimed a Percy among their adherents On this account the eighth and ninth Earls spent many years in the Tower but the tenth Earl Algernon fought against King Charles in the Civil War the male line of the Percy Louvain house ending with Josceline the eleventh Earl The heiress to the vast Percy estates married the Duke of Somerset and her granddaughter married a Yorkshire knight Sir Hugh Smithson who in 1766 was created the first Duke of Northumberland and Earl Percy and it is their descendants who now represent the famous old house 3 The current duke lives at Alnwick Castle and Syon House just outside London List of titleholders EditEarly earls Edit Main article Earl of Northumbria Earls of Northumberland first creation 1377 Edit Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland 1341 1408 attainted 1405 Sir Henry Percy also called Harry Hotspur KG c 1365 1403 heir apparentEarls of Northumberland second creation 1416 Edit Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland 1394 1455 grandson of Henry 1341 1408 and son of Hotspur Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland 1421 1461 forfeit 1461 son of Henry 2nd EarlEarl of Northumberland third creation 1464 Edit John Neville Earl of Northumberland 1st Marquess of Montagu 1431 1471 1464 1470 released Earls of Northumberland 1416 cont Edit Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland 1449 1489 restored 1470 1473 son of Henry 3rd Henry Algernon Percy 5th Earl of Northumberland 1478 1527 son of Henry 4th Henry Percy 6th Earl of Northumberland 1502 1537 son of Henry 5th died without children Thomas Percy 7th Earl of Northumberland 1528 1572 father attainted restored 1557 grandson of Henry 5th Henry Percy 8th Earl of Northumberland 1532 1585 also grandson of Henry 5th younger brother of Thomas Henry Percy 9th Earl of Northumberland 1564 1632 son of Henry 8th Algernon Percy 10th Earl of Northumberland 1602 1668 son of Henry 9th Josceline Percy 11th Earl of Northumberland 1644 1670 son of Algernon died leaving only one daughter so the Earldom became extinctVarious references use at least three different sequences of numbers for the Earls the ones shown here are those used in the individual articles on the 12 Earls The major difference arises from the question of whether Henry 1394 1455 was 1st as a new creation or 2nd as a restoration of the rights of his grandfather Henry 1341 1408 Additionally there is some debate about whether the 7th Earl was restored to the previous creation or was given a new creation Earls of Northumberland fourth creation 1674 Edit George FitzRoy Earl of Northumberland 1665 1716 became Duke of Northumberland in 1683 extinct Earls of Northumberland fifth creation 1749 Edit Algernon Seymour 7th Duke of Somerset 1684 1750 female line grandson and heir of the 11th Earl of the 1416 creation Elizabeth Percy nee Seymour 1716 1776 only daughter of the 1st Earl married Sir Hugh Smithson Hugh Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland 1714 1786 changed his name to Percy when he inherited the Earldom of Northumberland from his father in law by special remainder became Duke of Northumberland in 1766The line continues with the Dukes of Northumberland third creation Family tree Edit vteFamily tree of the Earls and Dukes of Northumberland and Earls of BeverleyEARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND 1st creation 1377Henry Percy 1341 1408 1st Earl of NorthumberlandJohn of Gaunt 1340 1399 Duke of Lancaster attainted 1405 Henry PercyHotspur c 1365 1403 Joan Beaufort c 1379 1440 Countess of WestmorlandJohn Beaufort c 1370 1410 Earl of SomersetEARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND 2nd creation 1416Henry Percy 1394 1455 2nd Earl of NorthumberlandEleanor Neville c 1398 1472 Countess of NorthumberlandRichard Neville 1400 1460 Earl of SalisburyJohn Beaufort 1404 1444 Duke of SomersetEARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND 3rd creation 1464Henry Percy 1421 1461 3rd Earl of NorthumberlandJohn Neville c 1431 1471 Earl of NorthumberlandLady Margaret Beaufort 1401 1403 1449 forfeit 1461 released 1470 restored 1470 Henry Percy 1449 1489 4th Earl of NorthumberlandKing Henry VII 1457 1509 Henry Algernon Percy 1478 1527 5th Earl of NorthumberlandMary Tudor Queen of France 1496 1533 m 2 Charles BrandonDuke of SuffolkMargaret Tudor 1489 1541 DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND 1st creation 1551Henry Percy 1502 1537 6th Earl of NorthumberlandThomas Percy c 1504 1537 John Dudley 1504 1553 1st Duke of NorthumberlandLady Frances Brandon 1517 1559 m Henry GreyDuke of SuffolkJames V of Scotland 1512 1542 attainted 1537 extinct 1553 EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND 2nd creation restored 1557Thomas Percy 1528 1572 7th Earl of NorthumberlandHenry Percy 1532 1585 8th Earl of NorthumberlandLord Guildford Dudley c 1535 1554 Lady Jane Grey c 1537 1554 Lady Katherine Grey 1540 1568 m Edward SeymourEarl of HertfordMary Queen of Scots 1542 1587 Henry Percy 1564 1632 9th Earl of NorthumberlandEdward Seymour 1561 1612 Viscount BeauchampKing James VI and I 1566 1625 Algernon Percy 1602 1668 10th Earl of NorthumberlandFrancis Seymour c 1590 1664 Baron Seymour of TrowbridgeKing Charles I 1600 1649 Josceline Percy 1644 1670 11th Earl of NorthumberlandCharles Seymour c 1621 1665 Baron Seymour of TrowbridgeKing Charles II 1630 1685 Earldom extinct 1670EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND 4th creation 1674DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND 2nd creation 1683Elizabeth Seymour 1667 1722 Baroness PercyCharles Seymour 1662 1748 Duke of SomersetGeorge FitzRoy 1665 1716 Earl of NorthumberlandDuke of NorthumberlandEarldom and Dukedom extinct 1716EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND 5th creation 1749Algernon SeymourDuke of Somerset 1684 1750 1st Earl of NorthumberlandDUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND 3rd creation 1766Hugh Percyformerly Hugh Smithson 1714 1786 2nd Earl of Northumberland1st Duke of NorthumberlandElizabeth Seymour 1716 1776 Baroness PercyEARL OF BEVERLY 1790Hugh Percy 1742 1817 2nd Duke of NorthumberlandAlgernon Percy 1750 1830 1st Earl of BeverleyHugh Percy 1785 1847 3rd Duke of NorthumberlandAlgernon Percy 1792 1865 4th Duke of NorthumberlandGeorge Percy 1778 1867 2nd Earl of Beverley5th Duke of NorthumberlandAlgernon George Percy 1810 1899 6th Duke of NorthumberlandHenry George Percy 1846 1918 7th Duke of NorthumberlandAlan Ian Percy 1880 1930 8th Duke of NorthumberlandHenry George Alan Percy 1912 1940 9th Duke of NorthumberlandHugh Algernon Percy 1914 1988 10th Duke of NorthumberlandHenry Alan Walter Richard Percy 1953 1995 11th Duke of NorthumberlandRalph George Algernon Percy b 1956 12th Duke of NorthumberlandGeorge Percy b 1984 Earl PercySee also EditList of monarchs of Northumbria Earl of York Baron PercyReferences Edit Debrett s Peerage 1968 p 849 Duke of Northumberland Howard de Walden Lord Some Feudal Lords and their Seals 1301 published 1904 p 43 a b c d e f Northumberland Yesterday and To day by Jean F Terry 1913 from Project GutenbergBibliography EditNon Fiction Edit Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Northumberland Earls and Dukes of Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 19 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 787 788 Rose Alexander Kings in the North The House of Percy in British History Phoenix Orion Books Ltd 2002 ISBN 0 297 81860 0 ISBN 1 84212 485 4 Tate George The history of the borough castle and barony of Alnwick Henry Hunter Hare Alnwick 1866The Earls of Northumberland in Literature and Media Edit The 1st Earl of Norhumberland and his son Henry Hotspur Percy play large roles in Shakespeare s play Henry IV Part 1 A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury by Edith Pargeter 1st Earl of Northumberland and Henry Hotspur Percy Lion of Alnwick Book 1 of The Percy Saga by Carol Wensby Scott 1st Earl of Northumberland and Henry Hotspur Percy Lion Dormant Book 2 of The Percy Saga by Carol Wensby Scott Hotspur s son the 2nd Earl of Northumberland and his son the 3rd Earl of Northumberland Lion Invincible Book 3 of The Percy Saga by Carol Wensby Scott The 4th Earl of Northumberland Alnwick Castle the traditional home of the Earls of Northumberland was used as the location of Hogwarts in the Harry Potter movies Notes Edit This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain in the US Northumberland Yesterday and To day by Jean F Terry 1913 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Earl of Northumberland amp oldid 1121015090, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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