Eupatorium cannabinum, commonly known as hemp-agrimony,[2] or holy rope,[3] is a herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a robust perennial native to Europe, NW. Africa, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, the Caucasus and Central Asia.[4][3][5] It is cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally found as a garden escape in scattered locations in China,[6] the United States and Canada.[7][8] It is extremely attractive to butterflies, much like buddleia.[9]
If the genus Eupatorium is defined in a restricted sense (about 42 species), E. cannabinum is the only species of that genus native to Europe (with the remainder in Asia or North America).[10]
Eupatorium cannabinum is a perennial herb up to 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) tall or more and 1.2 meters (3.9 feet) wide.[5] The plant has a dark red or purplish stem, covered in small hairs. It lives in moist low-lying areas in temperateEurasia. It is dioecious, with racemes of mauveflower heads which are pollinated by insects from July to early September. The flowers are visited by many types of insects, and can be characterized by a generalized pollination syndrome.[11] The flower heads are tiny, fluffy and can be pale dusty pink or whitish.[5] The fruit is an achene about 2 or 3 mm long, borne by a pappus with hairs 3 to 5 mm long, which is distributed by the wind. The plant over-winters as a hemicryptophyte.[10]
Eupatorium cannabinum is used in the European traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory agent for respiratory tract diseases, and several of its sesquiterpene lactone constituents were identified to have anti-inflammatory effect in isolated human neutrophils, with the anti-inflammatory action of the sesquiterpene lactone eupatoriopicrin being verified also in mouse peritonitis model.[14]
Use to stop bleeding in folk medicine of Sikkimedit
The leaves and tender stems are crushed fresh and the juice is applied to cuts and bruises. Sometimes, when the wound is large, the squeezed remains of the plant are placed over the wound in the form of a poultice. The bleeding stops immediately and the wound is protected from infection. [15]
Subspecies
Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. cannabinum - most of species range
Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. corsicum (Req. ex Loisel.) P.Fourn. - Corsica, Sardinia, Basilicata, Apulia
^ abSchmidt, Gregory J.; Schilling, Edward E. (2000). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Eupatorium (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data". Am. J. Bot.87 (5): 716–726. doi:10.2307/2656858. JSTOR 2656858. PMID 10811796.
^Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2016). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608.
^Fu, P.P., Yang, Y.C., Xia, Q., Chou, M.C., Cui, Y.Y., Lin G., "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements", Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2002, pp. 198-211 [1][permanent dead link]
^Michalak, B; Piwowarski, JP; Granica, S; Waltenberger, B; Atanasov, AG; Khan, SY; Breuss, JM; Uhrin, P; Żyżyńska-Granica, B; Stojakowska, A; Stuppner, H; Kiss, AK (Feb 2019). "Eupatoriopicrin Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Functions of Neutrophils via Suppression of IL-8 and TNF-alpha Production and p38 and ERK 1/2 MAP Kinases". J. Nat. Prod. 82 (2): 375–385. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00939. PMID 30653318.
^ abRai, Lalitkumar and Sharma, Eklabyar Medicinal Plants of the Sikkim Himalaya: Status, Uses and Potential, pub. Govind Ballabh Pant Inst. Bishen Singh & Mahendra Pal Singh 1994 page 39.
External linksedit
Media related to Eupatorium cannabinum at Wikimedia Commons
April 22, 2024
eupatorium, cannabinum, commonly, known, hemp, agrimony, holy, rope, herbaceous, plant, family, asteraceae, robust, perennial, native, europe, africa, turkey, syria, iran, iraq, jordan, caucasus, central, asia, cultivated, ornamental, occasionally, found, gard. Eupatorium cannabinum commonly known as hemp agrimony 2 or holy rope 3 is a herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae It is a robust perennial native to Europe NW Africa Turkey Syria Iran Iraq Jordan the Caucasus and Central Asia 4 3 5 It is cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally found as a garden escape in scattered locations in China 6 the United States and Canada 7 8 It is extremely attractive to butterflies much like buddleia 9 Eupatorium cannabinum IJmuiden Netherlands Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Asterales Family Asteraceae Genus Eupatorium Species E cannabinum Binomial name Eupatorium cannabinumL Synonyms 1 Synonymy Chrone heterophylla DulacCunigunda vulgaris BubaniEupatorium allaisii SennenEupatorium argenteum WallichEupatorium birmanicum DC Eupatorium cannabis folium Gilib Eupatorium caucasicum StevenEupatorium corsicum Req ex Loisel Eupatorium dicline Edgew Eupatorium finlaysonianum Wallich ex DC Eupatorium heterophyllum DC Eupatorium hyrcanicum StevenEupatorium lambertianum WallichEupatorium lemassonii BiauEupatorium lindleyanum F Muell 1865 not DC 1836Eupatorium longicaule Wallich ex DC Eupatorium mairei H Lev Eupatorium ponticum GeorgiEupatorium punduanum Wallichex DC Eupatorium simonsii C B ClarkeEupatorium soleirolii Loisel Eupatorium suaveolens WallichEupatorium trifidum VahlEupatorium trifoliatum hort dorp ex Stev Eupatorium variifolium Bartl Eupatorium viscosum WallichMikania longicaulis Wallich If the genus Eupatorium is defined in a restricted sense about 42 species E cannabinum is the only species of that genus native to Europe with the remainder in Asia or North America 10 Contents 1 Description 2 Toxicity 3 Pharmacology 3 1 Chemistry and use in European folk medicine 3 2 Use to stop bleeding in folk medicine of Sikkim 4 References 5 External linksDescription editEupatorium cannabinum is a perennial herb up to 1 5 meters 4 9 feet tall or more and 1 2 meters 3 9 feet wide 5 The plant has a dark red or purplish stem covered in small hairs It lives in moist low lying areas in temperate Eurasia It is dioecious with racemes of mauve flower heads which are pollinated by insects from July to early September The flowers are visited by many types of insects and can be characterized by a generalized pollination syndrome 11 The flower heads are tiny fluffy and can be pale dusty pink or whitish 5 The fruit is an achene about 2 or 3 mm long borne by a pappus with hairs 3 to 5 mm long which is distributed by the wind The plant over winters as a hemicryptophyte 10 nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Toxicity editEupatorium cannabinum contains tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids 12 The alkaloids may be present in the plant material as their N oxides 13 Pharmacology editChemistry and use in European folk medicine edit Eupatorium cannabinum is used in the European traditional medicine as anti inflammatory agent for respiratory tract diseases and several of its sesquiterpene lactone constituents were identified to have anti inflammatory effect in isolated human neutrophils with the anti inflammatory action of the sesquiterpene lactone eupatoriopicrin being verified also in mouse peritonitis model 14 Use to stop bleeding in folk medicine of Sikkim edit E cannabinum known locally by the Nepali names of Banmara and Kalijhar is used as a styptic in the traditional medicine of the Indian state of Sikkim in the Eastern Himalayas to which the plant is not native but an introduction 15 4 The leaves and tender stems are crushed fresh and the juice is applied to cuts and bruises Sometimes when the wound is large the squeezed remains of the plant are placed over the wound in the form of a poultice The bleeding stops immediately and the wound is protected from infection 15 Subspecies Eupatorium cannabinum L subsp cannabinum most of species range Eupatorium cannabinum L subsp corsicum Req ex Loisel P Fourn Corsica Sardinia Basilicata ApuliaReferences edit The Plant List Eupatorium cannabinum L BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 a b Altervista Flora Italiana Holy Rope gewohnlicher Wasserdost hampflockel Canapa acquatica includes photos and European distribution map a b Kew Plants of the World Online https powo science kew org taxon urn lsid ipni org names 205581 1 Retrieved at 12 31 on Friday 13 1 23 a b c Botanica The Illustrated AZ of over 10000 garden plants and how to cultivate them p 359 Konemann 2004 ISBN 3 8331 1253 0 Flora of China Eupatorium cannabinum Linnaeus 1753 大麻叶泽兰 da ma ye ze lan Eupatorium cannabinum Flora of North America Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Wildlife Trusts Hemp Agrimony a b Schmidt Gregory J Schilling Edward E 2000 Phylogeny and biogeography of Eupatorium Asteraceae Eupatorieae based on nuclear ITS sequence data Am J Bot 87 5 716 726 doi 10 2307 2656858 JSTOR 2656858 PMID 10811796 Van Der Kooi C J Pen I Staal M Stavenga D G Elzenga J T M 2016 Competition for pollinators and intra communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers Plant Biology 18 1 56 62 doi 10 1111 plb 12328 PMID 25754608 Fu P P Yang Y C Xia Q Chou M C Cui Y Y Lin G Pyrrolizidine alkaloids tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Vol 10 No 4 2002 pp 198 211 1 permanent dead link Woerdenbag H J October 1986 Eupatorium cannabinum L Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition 8 5 245 251 doi 10 1007 bf01960068 ISSN 0167 6555 PMID 3537953 S2CID 26403365 Michalak B Piwowarski JP Granica S Waltenberger B Atanasov AG Khan SY Breuss JM Uhrin P Zyzynska Granica B Stojakowska A Stuppner H Kiss AK Feb 2019 Eupatoriopicrin Inhibits Pro inflammatory Functions of Neutrophils via Suppression of IL 8 and TNF alpha Production and p38 and ERK 1 2 MAP Kinases J Nat Prod 82 2 375 385 doi 10 1021 acs jnatprod 8b00939 PMID 30653318 a b Rai Lalitkumar and Sharma Eklabyar Medicinal Plants of the Sikkim Himalaya Status Uses and Potential pub Govind Ballabh Pant Inst Bishen Singh amp Mahendra Pal Singh 1994 page 39 External links edit nbsp Media related to Eupatorium cannabinum at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eupatorium cannabinum amp oldid 1181191525, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
