Greater Central Philippine languages
The Greater Central Philippine languages are a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian language family, defined by the change of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *R to *g. They are spoken in the central and southern parts of the Philippines, and in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.[1] This subgroup was first proposed by Robert Blust (1991) based on lexical and phonological evidence,[1] and is accepted by most specialists in the field.[2][3][4][5]
| Greater Central Philippine | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Philippines Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Proto-language | Proto-Greater Central Philippine |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | grea1284 |
Most of the major languages of the Philippines belong to the Greater Central Philippine subgroup: Tagalog, the Visayan languages Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray; Central Bikol, the Danao languages Maranao and Magindanaon.[6] On the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, Gorontalo is the third-largest language by number of speakers.[7]
History
According to Blust, the current distribution of the Greater Central Philippine languages is the result of an expansion that occurred around 500 B.C. and which led to levelling of much of the linguistic diversity in the central and southern Philippines.
Remnants of this earlier diversity can still be found in relic areas within the Greater Central Philippine area, viz. Manide in southern Luzon, Ati on Panay, the North Mangyan languages on Mindoro, the Kalamian languages in northern Palawan and the South Mindanao languages.[1]
Classification
The Greater Central Philippine subgroup comprises the following microgroups:[1]
- Central Philippine languages (including Tagalog, Bikol languages, and Bisayan languages)
- South Mangyan languages
- Palawanic languages
- Subanen languages
- Danao languages (including Maranao and Magindanao)
- Manobo languages
- Gorontalo–Mongondow languages (including Gorontalo)
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Blust, Robert (1991). "The Greater Central Philippines hypothesis". Oceanic Linguistics. 30 (2): 73–129. doi:10.2307/3623084. JSTOR 3623084.
- ^ Lobel, Jason William. (2013). Philippine and North Bornean languages: issues in description, subgrouping, and reconstruction. Ph.D. dissertation. Manoa: University of Hawai'i at Manoa.
- ^ Reid, Lawrence A. (2018). "Modeling the linguistic situation in the Philippines." In Let's Talk about Trees, ed. by Ritsuko Kikusawa and Lawrence A. Reid. Osaka: Senri Ethnological Studies, Minpaku. doi:10.15021/00009006
- ^ Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.
- ^ Himes, Robert S. (2002). "The Relationship of Umiray Dumaget to Other Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 41 (2): 275–294. doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0005. JSTOR 3623311.
- ^ "Ethnologue report for Philippines". www.ethnologue.com.
- ^ "Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Sulawesi)". www.ethnologue.com.
External links
- Philippine etyma file cards 2020-01-11 at the Wayback Machine by R. David Zorc
- R. David Zorc field notes
- "Greater Central Philippine" on Ethnologue, (23rd ed., 2020).