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Fresh Meadows, Queens

February 12, 2024

"Fresh Meadows" redirects here. For other uses, see Fresh Meadows (disambiguation).

Fresh Meadows is a neighborhood in the northeastern section of the New York City borough of Queens. Fresh Meadows used to be part of the broader town of Flushing and is bordered to the north by the Horace Harding Expressway and Auburndale; to the west by Pomonok, St. John's University, Hillcrest, and Utopia; to the east by Cunningham Park and the Clearview Expressway; and to the south by the Grand Central Parkway.

Fresh Meadows
Neighborhood of Queens
St. Francis Preparatory School
Location within New York City
Coordinates: 40°44′06″N 73°46′48″W / 40.735°N 73.78°W / 40.735; -73.78
Country United States
State New York
City New York City
County/Borough Queens
Community DistrictQueens 8[1]
Population
[2]
 • Estimate 
(2010)
17,812
 Based on 2010 U.S. Census figures; excludes Hillcrest
Ethnicity
[3]
 • Asian47.1%
 • White32.9%
 • Hispanic9.9%
 • Black7.6%
 • Other/Multiracial2.5%
Economics
[4]
 • Median income$64,005
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
11365, 11366
Area codes718, 347, 929, and 917

Fresh Meadows is located in Queens Community District 8 and its ZIP Codes are 11365 and 11366.[1] It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 107th Precinct.[5] Politically, Fresh Meadows is represented by the New York City Council's 23rd and 24th Districts.[6]

History edit

Early history edit

The name "Fresh Meadows" dates back to before the American Revolution. Fresh Meadows was part of the Town of Flushing, which had large areas of salt meadows, such as the original "Flushing Meadows". The wetlands in the hilly ground south and east of the village of Flushing, however, were fed by freshwater springs, and thus were "fresh meadows". Fresh Meadows Road (which today follows the same route under a number of names, including Fresh Meadows Lane and part of Utopia Parkway) traversed the area, and served as the route from the landing place at Whitestone to the village of Jamaica. In The Evening Post in 1805, farm owner James Smith advertised the sale of his 60-acre farm "on the road to Fresh Meadows and Flushing".[7]

During the American Revolution, British troops marched through the area.[8] General Benedict Arnold and his troops stayed at farms along was the way.[9] General Arnold drilled his troops in the area, on the current location of M.S. 216. In order to help move military supplies from British ships using the Whitestone Landing, and the troops encamped further east, a new road was built to connect the Fresh Meadows Road with Hempstead. This road began at what is now the intersection of Utopia Parkway and 73rd Avenue, near a local landmark along the Fresh Meadows Road: the remnants of a large tree that had burned after being struck by lightning, and that was known as the "Black Stump". The road took its name from this feature, and was called "Black Stump Road."[10][11][12]

During the 19th century, a farming community known as Black Stump developed in the area. The Black Stump School was built before 1871.[13] The school was expanded in 1900, and a second story was added in 1905.[14][15] The remains of the Black Stump School were demolished in 1941 in order to build present-day Utopia Playground, located at 73rd Avenue and Utopia Parkway.[16][17]

For several years, the woods of Black Stump were rumored to be haunted because people heard strange sounds coming from the woods.[18] In 1908, the mysterious sounds were discovered to be coming from a recluse who lived in a small hut and sang Irish folk songs at night.[18]

Parsons Nurseries and Kissena Park edit

For further details about the park itself, see Kissena Park.

In 1868, Samuel Parsons opened Parsons Nurseries, one of the earliest commercial gardens, near what is now Fresh Meadows Lane.[9] With help of a team of collectors, Parsons Nurseries found exotic trees and shrubs to import into the United States, and its advertisements filled gardening magazines with depictions of these exotic plants.[19][20] During the late 1880s, Parsons Nurseries was importing 10,000 Japanese maples into the United States each year with help from Swiss immigrant John R. Trumpy.[19] Parsons Nurseries also was the first to introduce the California privet in the United States from Japan.[21] Samuel Parsons' children, Samuel Bowne Parsons and Robert Bowne Parsons, later took over running the nursery. In 1886, Samuel Bowne Parsons helped renew the plantations of Central Park while serving as Superintendent of Parks.[22]

Samuel Bowne Parsons gave the lake on his property the name "kissena", which he thought was the Chippewa word for "it is cold".[23] Kissena Lake was initially used as a mill pond.[24] Parsons later used the lake for ice cutting, where surface ice from lakes and rivers is collected and stored in ice houses and use or sale as a cooling method before mechanical refrigeration was available.[23] The lake was also a habitat for wood duck through the 1900s.[25] Just east of the lake was a water pumping station.[26]

By 1898, Samuel Bowne Parsons' son, George H. Parsons, had taken over as superintendent of Parsons Nurseries.[27] Later that year, George was found in the lavatory by his father; he had died of heart failure.[27] Parsons Nurseries closed in 1901,[28] and Samuel Bowne Parsons died in 1906.[29] Two real estate developers, John W. Paris and Edward McDougal, bought most of the Parsons land, then built large houses as part of the "Kissena Park" residential development.[29] New York City bought the rest of the Parsons land and a few other land parcels to create Kissena Park.[23][30] A 14-acre (5.7 ha) tract of Parsons' exotic specimens was preserved in the modern-day park and is now the Historic Grove.[31]: 3 

Fresh Meadow Country Club edit

In 1921, Park Slope resident Benjamin C. Ribman and others from the Unity Club of Brooklyn were looking to build a golf course.[32][8] The group chose the intersection of Fresh Meadow Lane and Nassau Boulevard as the site, because the land was suitable for golf and roads provided accessibility to other parts of the city.[8] The 106 acres of land were purchased in late 1921, and another 26 acres were purchased the next year.[33][34] A. W. Tillinghast designed the golf course.[33]

Originally, the name was to be the Woodland.[35] After the Brooklyn Daily Eagle pointed out that there was already a golf course name Woodland in Boston, the founders decided to name the course Fresh Meadow Country Club.[35] The name came from an area northeast of Flushing even though the golf course was actually located southeast of Flushing, just south of what is presently the Long Island Expressway near 183rd Street.[36]

Fresh Meadow Country Club opened on May 30, 1922.[37][38][36] At the golf course's dedication, the first round of golf was played by former NCAA golf champion Jesse Sweetser and club professional Willie Anderson.[37] Sweetser won by two strokes.[37] People in attendance included New York State Supreme Court Justices Mitchell May, Edward Lazansky, and Harry Lewis, and Borough President Maurice E. Connolly.[37]

The clubhouse opened on September 8, 1923.[32] Nine days later, the clubhouse burned to the ground from an explosion of a boiler.[32] Firefighters from Flushing, Bayside, and Black Stump arrived but they were unable to save the clubhouse, in part because the nearest fire hydrant was a half-mile away, but they were able to stop the fire before it consumed an adjoining locker building and a two-story dormitory building.[32][39]

The PGA Championship was held at Fresh Meadow Country Club in 1930,[40] and the U.S. Open in 1932.[41] In 1937, the golf course hosted a charity game between John Montague, Babe Ruth, Babe Didrikson, and Sylvania Annenberg,[42] a game that was watched by 10,000 fans, some of whom rushed the golf course and left Babe Ruth's shirt in tatters.[43]

Fresh Meadows housing and retail development edit

In February 1946, the golf course's land was sold to New York Life Insurance Company for $1,075,000, equivalent to $16,100,000 in 2022, in order to build a housing complex on the land.[44][45] The Gross-Morton Company had also made an offer to buy the land, but it was not accepted.[45] The New York Life Insurance Company chose Ralph Thomas Walker as the chief designer, and it signed a contract with the George A. Fuller Company, which had built the Flat Iron Building, to construct the apartment buildings.[46] Construction cost the New York Life Insurance Company $35 million (equivalent to $525 million in 2022)).[47]

New York Life Insurance Company donated land on 69th Avenue at 195th Street to the city so it could build a school.[48] In 1947, the New York City Board of Education awarded contracts of over $1.8 million (equivalent to $23.6 million in 2022) to construct P.S. 26, an elementary school with a capacity of 1,494 students.[48] On April 21, 1947, ground was broken for the school's construction.[49] The school, P.S. 26, also known as the Rufus King School, opened in February 1949.[50] P.S. 173 opened soon afterwards, in September 1949, at 69th Avenue and Fresh Meadows Lane.[50] P.S. 173 was originally supposed to be built on the site of Utopia Playground one block west, but the school had been relocated due to opposition from Robert Moses, the New York City parks commissioner.[51][52]

The first twenty families moved into the Fresh Meadows Housing Development on September 2, 1947.[53] As a result of housing segregation, New York Life Insurance Company did not allow black individuals to live in the Fresh Meadows Housing Development.[54] It was also built to house local World War II veterans. The complex and its eponymous shopping center were among the first in the United States designed primarily to accommodate automobile traffic rather than pedestrian traffic.[55] Apartment rents were between $74 and $108 per month, which included gas and electricity.[53] In 1949, architectural critic Lewis Mumford described the Fresh Meadows housing complex as "perhaps the most positive and exhilarating example of large-scale community planning in this country."[56] The construction of the final residential building, a 20-story apartment building at 67th Avenue and 192nd Street, was completed and ready for occupancy in May 1962.[57] At the time the building's construction ended, 11,000 people were living in the Fresh Meadows Housing Development.[57]

 
Remnant of Long Island Motor Parkway c. 2008 at Springfield Boulevard in nearby Oakland Gardens

New York Life Insurance Company built a 12-acre shopping center on 188th Street at Horace Harding Expressway.[58] The shopping center was planned to include a Bloomingdale's, a movie theater, Canterbury Shops clothing store, Mary Lewis, Ormond Hosiery Shop, Woolworth's, Miles Shows, Buster Brown children's shoes, Selby women's shoes, Food Fair, a Horn & Hardart automat, Whelan's Drugs, Fanny Farmer, Union News, Womrath's Book Shop, Barrett Nephews dry cleaners, and Harris Brothers delicatessen, a Bank of Manhattan, a Jamaica Savings Bank, and a post office.[58] Bloomingdale's opened on May 24, 1949.[59][60][61] Century Meadows Theatre opened November 1949.[62] In 1973, Bloomingdale's added a three-level extension to the store, on what had been a pedestrian plaza.[47] Five 36-year-old oak trees were uprooted to construct the extension, to the dismay of nearby residents.[47]

The QM1 express bus to Manhattan started operating in 1968 as part of a 90-day trial run proposed by city traffic commissioner Henry A. Barnes, transportation administrator Arthur A. Palmer, and the New York Life Insurance Company.[63] This service was eventually kept, and it was expanded in 1970 with branches running further east into Queens.[64][65] The combined QM1/QM1A service eventually became among the busiest privately operated express routes in the city by the 2000s.[66]

In 1972, Harry B. Helmsley and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation partnered to buy the Fresh Meadows housing and retail complex for $53 million from the New York Life Insurance Company.[38][67] The MacArthur Foundation acquired the property outright in 1995.[67] In 1997, Witkoff Group and Insignia Financial Group bought the residential property, and Federal Realty Investment Trust bought the commercial property for $215 million.[67][68]

Two months after the Bloomingdale's store was sold in August 1991, Kmart signed a 31-year lease for the space.[60] Kmart's grand opening was on October 22, 1991.[69] Kmart closed the store in 2003, as part of an effort to close underperforming stores.[70] Kmart sold the lease to the Fresh Meadows location and four other locations to Kohl's for $16 million in 2003.[71] The Kohl's in Fresh Meadows was the first Kohl's location in New York City.[72]

Klein Farm edit

 
The former farmhouse of the Klein Farm on 73rd Avenue

Fresh Meadows was home to Klein Farm, the last surviving commercial farm in New York City, located on 73rd Avenue between 194th and 195th Streets.[73][74][75] Adam Klein, from Brooklyn, bought the Voorhis farm in the 1890s.[8][73][76][77] Klein bought the 200-acre plot of land for $18 per acre.[78] The family sold portions of the land over time, but kept the two acres surrounding the farm house.[73][76] His son, Charles Klein, was born on the farm and operated it after his father's death in 1954 at age 89.[73] By the early 1990s, John Klein Sr. ran the farm as well as two larger farms, one in Riverhead and one in upstate New York.[75] The family had received many offers over the years to buy the land in Fresh Meadows. In 1991, the family declined an offer from the owner of a local pizza store, who wanted to buy the property in order to convert the family's home into a country-style restaurant.[75] John Klein Jr., the great-grandson of Adam Klein, was running the farm by the late 1990s.[77]

The farm gradually become unprofitable, and in 2001, John Klein Sr. signed a contract to sell the two-acre property to Flushing-based developer Audrey Realty, who wanted to build 22 two-family homes on the site.[76][79] The farm's last day open was November 21, 2001.[80][81] Many in the community were opposed to the proposed sale, including the Fresh Meadows Tenants Association, the West Cunningham Park Civic Association, the Flushing Heights Civic Association, the Hillcrest Estates Civic Association, the Utopia Estates Civic Association, and the Utopia Park Civic Association.[81] The community later learned that the developer was owned by the family of Tommy Huang, whose permits to restore the landmark RKO Keith's Theater in Flushing were revoked when he destroyed its lobby.[81][82] Huang had also admitted to failing to report a spill of 10,000 gallons of heating oil from an underground tank into the soil beneath the RKO Keith's Theater in 1999.[79] John Klein Sr. completed the sale to Huang for $4.3 million in late 2003.[78]

The land was located in a Special Planned Community Preservation District and required a special permit to build homes there.[76] David Weprin, the neighborhood's representative in the New York City Council, opposed granting the special permit.[81] Faced with strong community opposition, Huang and Audrey Realty decided not to go forward with the plan,[83] and they instead agreed to sell the land to a Westchester-based developer, Steven Judelson.[84] At the time, Judelson said he had not decided what to do with the land.[84] The sale did not go through.[85]

In 2005, Huang sent a proposal to the City Planning Commission to build 18 two-family homes on the site.[86] The proposal was not approved, and a day-care center was opened instead.[87][83] Huang attempted to evict the day-care center in 2009, saying that he needed to end the lease early in order to sell the property.[83] Huang settled with the day-care center to terminate its lease three months early so that Huang could sell the property to Fresh Meadows Jewish Development LLC for $5.6 million.[88] The sale did not go through.[85] In 2012, Huang was convicted of embezzling over $3 million of federal funds that were intended to pay for children's lunches at Huang's Red Apple Child Development Centers.[85]

Huang finally sold the property to Ziming Shen's Fresh Meadows Children's Farm LLC for $5.6 million in 2014.[85] New York City fined Shen $1,600 after Shen's daycare center, Preschool for America, cut down trees and modified the driveway on the property without the required permits.[85]

Holliswood Homes edit

Around 1939, Paul Roth bought 27 acres (11 ha) of land that had been part of the Klein farm and the Boggs farm.[89][90] The land was bounded by 73rd Avenue, 185th Street, Union Turnpike, and 188th Street.[91] The 204 homes were designed by architect Arthur E. Allen.[89][91] Roth named the community Holliswood Homes.[90] Houses were sold for an average of $7,400 each.[91] Roth had previously developed areas elsewhere in Queens, Brooklyn, and Long Island.[90]

Meadowlark Gardens edit

Meadowlark Gardens is a 288-unit residential apartment development between 65th Avenue, 197th Street, and 73rd Avenue.[92] It was built by Mortimer M. Reznick, and George Miller was the architect.[92] The first residents moved in on July 1, 1950.[92] Reznick had previously built homes in the Williams Homes development at 197th Street and 73rd Avenue.[93] Reznick also built residential developments called Williams Homes in Flushing and Bonnie Meadows in New Rochelle, and a commercial development in Yonkers.[94][95][96]

Meadowlark Gardens Tenant Association was organized on June 3, 1977, in order to advocate for the tenants' rights.[97][98]

Subsections edit

Hillcrest edit

 
Map of Hillcrest
 
Union Turnpike in Hillcrest

Hillcrest is a neighborhood in the center of Queens; the name comes from its location on the hills between Flushing and Jamaica. Hillcrest stretches from the Grand Central Parkway to 73rd Avenue, between Utopia Parkway and Parsons Boulevard. Its main commercial street is Union Turnpike. Hillcrest is part of Queens Community Board 8. The ZIP Codes for the neighborhood are 11366 (Fresh Meadows and Flushing zip code) for anything above Union Turnpike, and 11432 or 11439 (Jamaica zip codes) for the southern part of the neighborhood (below Union Turnpike, north of Grand Central Parkway). It neighbors Kew Gardens Hills and Pomonok to the west, Fresh Meadows to the north, Utopia to the east, and Jamaica Hills to the south. It is mostly made up of single-family homes, is in a relatively well-off public school district, and has a low crime rate.

As with many neighborhoods in the city, different residents have varying perceptions of its boundaries. Most people in the northeastern part of Hillcrest self-identify as being in Fresh Meadows, as does everyone living in nearby Utopia. Others tend to identify with neighborhoods that surround them. There is a small group in the center of the Hillcrest area that identify exclusively with it.[citation needed] Hillcrest is home to an Orthodox Jewish community. Some public high schools in Hillcrest are Queens Gateway to Health Sciences Secondary School, and Queens School of inquiry. St. John's University is also located in the neighborhood on Utopia Parkway.

History edit

75th Avenue was originally known as Hell Fire Lane, then Quarrelsome Lane, and then Eiseman Avenue.[99][100]

In 1938 and 1939, Moss Brothers built approximately 550 homes along Utopia Parkway between Horace Harding Expressway and Grand Central Parkway.[101][102] Moss Brothers hired architect Arthur E. Allen to design the homes.[102][103] The development was called Hillcrest Gardens.[102][103]

Utopia edit

Utopia is in the southeastern part of Fresh Meadows, bordered by Utopia Parkway to the west, 73rd Avenue to the north, 188th Street to the east, and Union Turnpike to the south.[104] Utopia is part of Queens Community Board 8[1] and is often considered to be a part of Fresh Meadows, though The New York Times and the New York City Department of City Planning delineate Utopia as a separate neighborhood.[104] Utopia's residents includes many Conservative and Orthodox Jews, Chinese Americans, Korean Americans, Russian Americans, Indian Americans, and Hispanic and Latino Americans. Utopia primarily consists of houses and tree-lined streets.[104]

The triangular-shaped Utopia Playground, at Utopia Parkway and 73rd Avenue, used to be the site of the Black Stump School, when the area was still called Black Stump.[104] The school was later replaced by Black Stump Hook, Ladder, and Bucket Company, a volunteer firehouse.[104] Today, it has a playground, a softball field, basketball courts, and handball courts.[104]

It is bordered by the neighborhoods of Hillcrest to the west, Fresh Meadows to the north and east, and Jamaica Estates to the south. Utopia is also home to the Hillcrest Jewish Center and the Queens Public Library at Hillcrest, both located on Union Turnpike.

History edit

Simon Freeman, Samuel Resler, and Joseph Fried incorporated the Utopia Land Company in 1903.[105] The following year, the Utopia Land Company bought 161.25 acres (65 ha) of land between the communities of Jamaica and Flushing.[106][107] The Utopia Land Company intended to build a cooperative community for Jewish families interested in moving away from the Lower East Side of Manhattan. They intended to name the streets after those on the Lower East Side, where there was already a large Jewish population.[107]

After its initial acquisition, the company was unable to secure enough funding to further develop the area.[108] In 1909, 118 acres (48 ha) of the land was sold to Felix Isman of Philadelphia for $350,000, equivalent to $11,400,000 in 2022.[109]

The area remained farmland until 1935, when the land was bought by the Gross-Morton Park Corporation, run by George M. Gross, Alfred Gross, and Lawrence Morton.[110][111] Gross-Morton had experience in building residential developments in Queens, such as when it had developed the land of the Belleclaire golf course in Bayside, around today's 48th Avenue and 211th Street.[110][111] In 1937, the company bought 27 acres (11 ha) of contiguous farmland on the south side of Black Stump Road (now 73rd Avenue) from the Klein family.[112] In 1939, it bought 117 acres (47 ha) of land that had been formerly part of the Klein Farm and the Wigmore estate.[113] The land included about one mile of land directly on Union Turnpike, on which it built about forty stores.[113]

On the land it bought in Utopia, the Gross-Morton Park Corporation built colonial and Cape Cod-style homes with either two or three bedrooms, each on approximately 4,000 square feet (372 m2) of land in the early 1940s.[104] Arthur Allen was the architect of the homes.[114][115]

In 1938, Paul Roth bought the portion of the Klein Farm on the north side of Union Turnpike, between 185th Street and 188th Street, to build 70 houses.[116]

The Batterman family owned and operated a farm on land bounded by Union Turnpike, Utopia Parkway, 75th Avenue, and 170th Street.[117] In 1938, the Foch Building Corporation bought the Batterman Estate in order to develop it into a residential neighborhood, named University Manor.[117] The Foch Building Corporation had previously built 111 houses in what is now St. Albans, Queens.[117]

Demographics edit

 
Cunningham Park

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Fresh Meadows (including Utopia but excluding Hillcrest) was 17,812, a change of 439 (2.5%) from the 17,373 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 636.38 acres (257.53 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 28 inhabitants per acre (18,000/sq mi; 6,900/km2).[2]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 32.9% (5,864) White, 7.6% (1,355) African American, 0.1% (17) Native American, 47.1% (8,381) Asian, 0% (2) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (74) from other races, and 2% (356) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.9% (1,763) of the population.[3]

The entirety of Community Board 8, which comprises Fresh Meadows as well as Kew Gardens Hills and Jamaica Hills, had 156,217 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 83.9 years.[118]: 2, 20  This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[119]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [120] Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 20% are between the ages of 0–17, 28% between 25–44, and 27% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 10% and 15% respectively.[118]: 2 

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 8 was $64,005.[4] In 2018, an estimated 22% of Fresh Meadows residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in eleven residents (9%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 54% in Fresh Meadows, slightly higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Fresh Meadows is considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[118]: 7 

Population estimates of Fresh Meadows vary widely depending on which boundaries are considered. Zip codes 11365 and 11366 together have an estimated population of 59,873 as of 2017, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, but this also includes part of Auburndale north of the Long Island Expressway, while excluding Hillcrest.[121] According to 2009 census data, however, the neighborhood had 16,100 residents, 44 percent of whom residents are white, 24 percent Asian, 14 percent black, 29 percent Hispanic, and 3 percent identify as multiracial.[122] The neighborhood has historically and traditionally been home to one of New York City's most notable Jewish communities. Today, there is an increasing presence of younger Asian American and Colombian American families, Israeli Americans, Bukharian Jews, and West Indian Americans living in the neighborhood.[123]

Police and crime edit

Fresh Meadows is patrolled by the 107th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 71-01 Parsons Boulevard.[5] The 107th Precinct ranked 11th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. The low crime rate was attributed primarily to the area's isolation and to local neighborhood patrols.[124] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 22 per 100,000 people, Fresh Meadows's rate of violent crimes per capita is lower than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 191 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[118]: 8 

The 107th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 88.8% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 5 murders, 23 rapes, 138 robberies, 131 felony assaults, 149 burglaries, 539 grand larcenies, and 101 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[125]

Fire safety edit

Fresh Meadows is served by two New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations.[126] Engine Co. 299/Ladder Co. 152 is located at 61-20 Utopia Parkway and serves Utopia and the Fresh Meadows development,[127] while Engine Co. 315/Ladder Co. 125 is located at 159-06 Union Turnpike and serves Hillcrest and southern Fresh Meadows.[128]

Health edit

As of 2018, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Fresh Meadows than in other places citywide. In Fresh Meadows, there were 74 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 6.7 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[118]: 11  Fresh Meadows has a relatively average population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 11%, which is slightly lower than the citywide rate of 12%.[118]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Fresh Meadows is 0.0078 milligrams per cubic metre (7.8×10−9 oz/cu ft), lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages.[118]: 9  Fourteen percent of Fresh Meadows residents are smokers, which is equal to the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[118]: 13  In Fresh Meadows, 19% of residents are obese, 11% are diabetic, and 29% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 20%, 14%, and 24% respectively.[118]: 16  In addition, 18% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[118]: 12 

Eighty-nine percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 79% of residents described their health as "good," "very good," or "excellent," about the same as the city's average of 78%.[118]: 13  For every supermarket in Fresh Meadows, there are 5 bodegas.[118]: 10 

The nearest large hospitals to Fresh Meadows are Queens Hospital Center in Hillcrest and NewYork–Presbyterian Queens in Flushing.[129]

Post offices and ZIP Codes edit

Fresh Meadows is covered by ZIP Codes 11365 north of 73rd Avenue; 11366 between 73rd Avenue and Union Turnpike.[130] The United States Post Office operates two locations in Fresh Meadows: the Fresh Meadows Finance Station at 193-04 Horace Harding Expressway,[131] and the Utopia Station, at 182-04 Union Turnpike in Utopia.[132]

Education edit

Fresh Meadows generally has a higher ratio of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. Half of residents (50%) have a college education or higher, while 14% have less than a high school education and 37% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[118]: 6  The percentage of Fresh Meadows students excelling in math rose from 51 percent in 2000 to 71 percent in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 56% to 57% during the same time period.[133]

Fresh Meadows's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Fresh Meadows, 15% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, less than the citywide average of 20%.[119]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [118]: 6  Additionally, 86% of high school students in Fresh Meadows graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.[118]: 6 

Schools edit

Public edit

Fresh Meadows and Hillcrest contain the following public elementary schools.[134][135]

  • P.S. 4 (grades PK–8)[136]
  • P.S. 26 Rufus King School (grades PK–5)[137]
  • P.S. 154 (grades PK–5)[138]
  • P.S. 173 Fresh Meadow School (grades PK–5)[139]
  • P.S./I.S. 178 Holliswood School (grades PK–8)[140]
  • P.S. 255 (grades PK–12)[141]

Fresh Meadows and Hillcrest contain the following public middle schools.[134][135]

  • J.H.S. 216 George J. Ryan School (grades 6–8)[142] — opened September 1955, named after the former 15-year president of the Board of Education[143]
  • Queens Gateway To Health Sciences Secondary School (grades 6–12)[144]
  • Queens School of Inquiry (grades 6–12)[145]

Francis Lewis High School (grades 9–12) is located in Fresh Meadows.[146]

Private edit

St. Francis Preparatory School, the largest Catholic high school in the United States, is located in Fresh Meadows.

The Summit School, a state-approved tuition-free private school serving students with special education needs, holds classes at Hillcrest Jewish Center in Utopia.

St. John's University, a private Catholic university, has its main campus in Hillcrest.

The Japanese Weekend School of New York, a Japanese weekend school, holds classes at the building of P.S. 26. The school also holds classes in Westchester County and Long Island.[147]

The Japanese School of New York formerly held classes in Fresh Meadows between 1980 and 1991.[148][149][150]

Libraries edit

 
Hillcrest branch, Queens Public Library

The Queens Public Library operates two branches in Fresh Meadows. The Fresh Meadows branch is located at 193-20 Horace Harding Expressway,[151] and the Hillcrest branch is located at 187-05 Union Turnpike in Utopia.[152]

Transportation edit

Buses edit

Although there are no New York City Subway stations in Fresh Meadows, several local MTA Regional Bus Operations routes serve the neighborhood and connect to the subway. These include the:[153]

In addition, the Union Turnpike express buses run along Union Turnpike, 188th Street, and 73rd Avenue, providing service to Manhattan:[153][161][155]

Trains edit

The Long Island Rail Road (LIRR)'s Auburndale station is nearby and provides access on the Port Washington Branch to Midtown Manhattan. Buses also run to the LIRR stations at Flushing–Main Street and Jamaica.[162]

Former edit

In June 1873, the Central Railroad of Long Island opened a station, called Frankiston, on Black Stump Road, now called 73rd Avenue.[163] It was east of the present-day Clearview Expressway, where Cunningham Park is now. The railroad line continued northwest, along the parkland between today's Peck Avenue and Underhill Avenue, ultimately ending in downtown Flushing.

The origin of the name Frankiston is unknown. Loomis L. White, the railroad's second largest stockholder, had bought all the land surrounding the station in April 1871. The station's building was built by E.W. Karker & Co. of College Point, April–May 1873.[164]: 147  The train fare from Frankston to downtown Flushing was $0.30 (equivalent to $7 in 2022).[164]: 109  The station was first included in railroad timetables in June 1873.[164]: 147 

On April 30, 1879, the station was closed and the railroad line was abandoned.[164]: 147 [165]

Proposed edit

In the 1970s, an extension of the subway system along Horace Harding Expressway was proposed as part of the Program for Action, but it was ultimately not built.[166]

Highways edit

The Long Island Expressway (I-495) connects Fresh Meadows with both midtown Manhattan and Long Island, while the Clearview Expressway (I-295) provides access to the Bronx and the New England Thruway.

The Long Island Motor Parkway, formerly a highway, is now used as a biking and walking trail, as part of the Brooklyn–Queens Greenway.

In media edit

In October 2011, a book written by Fred Cantor and Debra Davidson that chronicled the history of Fresh Meadows was released.[167] The book is part of the Images of America series.[168]

Notable people edit

References edit

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February 12, 2024
fresh, meadows, queens, fresh, meadows, redirects, here, other, uses, fresh, meadows, disambiguation, fresh, meadows, neighborhood, northeastern, section, york, city, borough, queens, fresh, meadows, used, part, broader, town, flushing, bordered, north, horace. Fresh Meadows redirects here For other uses see Fresh Meadows disambiguation Fresh Meadows is a neighborhood in the northeastern section of the New York City borough of Queens Fresh Meadows used to be part of the broader town of Flushing and is bordered to the north by the Horace Harding Expressway and Auburndale to the west by Pomonok St John s University Hillcrest and Utopia to the east by Cunningham Park and the Clearview Expressway and to the south by the Grand Central Parkway Fresh MeadowsNeighborhood of QueensSt Francis Preparatory SchoolLocation within New York CityCoordinates 40 44 06 N 73 46 48 W 40 735 N 73 78 W 40 735 73 78Country United StatesState New YorkCity New York CityCounty BoroughQueensCommunity DistrictQueens 8 1 Population 2 Estimate 2010 17 812 Based on 2010 U S Census figures excludes HillcrestEthnicity 3 Asian47 1 White32 9 Hispanic9 9 Black7 6 Other Multiracial2 5 Economics 4 Median income 64 005Time zoneUTC 5 EST Summer DST UTC 4 EDT ZIP Codes11365 11366Area codes718 347 929 and 917Fresh Meadows is located in Queens Community District 8 and its ZIP Codes are 11365 and 11366 1 It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department s 107th Precinct 5 Politically Fresh Meadows is represented by the New York City Council s 23rd and 24th Districts 6 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history 1 2 Parsons Nurseries and Kissena Park 1 3 Fresh Meadow Country Club 1 4 Fresh Meadows housing and retail development 1 5 Klein Farm 1 6 Holliswood Homes 1 7 Meadowlark Gardens 2 Subsections 2 1 Hillcrest 2 1 1 History 2 2 Utopia 2 2 1 History 3 Demographics 4 Police and crime 5 Fire safety 6 Health 7 Post offices and ZIP Codes 8 Education 8 1 Schools 8 1 1 Public 8 1 2 Private 8 2 Libraries 9 Transportation 9 1 Buses 9 2 Trains 9 2 1 Former 9 2 2 Proposed 9 3 Highways 10 In media 11 Notable people 12 References 13 External linksHistory editEarly history edit The name Fresh Meadows dates back to before the American Revolution Fresh Meadows was part of the Town of Flushing which had large areas of salt meadows such as the original Flushing Meadows The wetlands in the hilly ground south and east of the village of Flushing however were fed by freshwater springs and thus were fresh meadows Fresh Meadows Road which today follows the same route under a number of names including Fresh Meadows Lane and part of Utopia Parkway traversed the area and served as the route from the landing place at Whitestone to the village of Jamaica In The Evening Post in 1805 farm owner James Smith advertised the sale of his 60 acre farm on the road to Fresh Meadows and Flushing 7 During the American Revolution British troops marched through the area 8 General Benedict Arnold and his troops stayed at farms along was the way 9 General Arnold drilled his troops in the area on the current location of M S 216 In order to help move military supplies from British ships using the Whitestone Landing and the troops encamped further east a new road was built to connect the Fresh Meadows Road with Hempstead This road began at what is now the intersection of Utopia Parkway and 73rd Avenue near a local landmark along the Fresh Meadows Road the remnants of a large tree that had burned after being struck by lightning and that was known as the Black Stump The road took its name from this feature and was called Black Stump Road 10 11 12 During the 19th century a farming community known as Black Stump developed in the area The Black Stump School was built before 1871 13 The school was expanded in 1900 and a second story was added in 1905 14 15 The remains of the Black Stump School were demolished in 1941 in order to build present day Utopia Playground located at 73rd Avenue and Utopia Parkway 16 17 For several years the woods of Black Stump were rumored to be haunted because people heard strange sounds coming from the woods 18 In 1908 the mysterious sounds were discovered to be coming from a recluse who lived in a small hut and sang Irish folk songs at night 18 Parsons Nurseries and Kissena Park edit For further details about the park itself see Kissena Park In 1868 Samuel Parsons opened Parsons Nurseries one of the earliest commercial gardens near what is now Fresh Meadows Lane 9 With help of a team of collectors Parsons Nurseries found exotic trees and shrubs to import into the United States and its advertisements filled gardening magazines with depictions of these exotic plants 19 20 During the late 1880s Parsons Nurseries was importing 10 000 Japanese maples into the United States each year with help from Swiss immigrant John R Trumpy 19 Parsons Nurseries also was the first to introduce the California privet in the United States from Japan 21 Samuel Parsons children Samuel Bowne Parsons and Robert Bowne Parsons later took over running the nursery In 1886 Samuel Bowne Parsons helped renew the plantations of Central Park while serving as Superintendent of Parks 22 Samuel Bowne Parsons gave the lake on his property the name kissena which he thought was the Chippewa word for it is cold 23 Kissena Lake was initially used as a mill pond 24 Parsons later used the lake for ice cutting where surface ice from lakes and rivers is collected and stored in ice houses and use or sale as a cooling method before mechanical refrigeration was available 23 The lake was also a habitat for wood duck through the 1900s 25 Just east of the lake was a water pumping station 26 By 1898 Samuel Bowne Parsons son George H Parsons had taken over as superintendent of Parsons Nurseries 27 Later that year George was found in the lavatory by his father he had died of heart failure 27 Parsons Nurseries closed in 1901 28 and Samuel Bowne Parsons died in 1906 29 Two real estate developers John W Paris and Edward McDougal bought most of the Parsons land then built large houses as part of the Kissena Park residential development 29 New York City bought the rest of the Parsons land and a few other land parcels to create Kissena Park 23 30 A 14 acre 5 7 ha tract of Parsons exotic specimens was preserved in the modern day park and is now the Historic Grove 31 3 Fresh Meadow Country Club edit In 1921 Park Slope resident Benjamin C Ribman and others from the Unity Club of Brooklyn were looking to build a golf course 32 8 The group chose the intersection of Fresh Meadow Lane and Nassau Boulevard as the site because the land was suitable for golf and roads provided accessibility to other parts of the city 8 The 106 acres of land were purchased in late 1921 and another 26 acres were purchased the next year 33 34 A W Tillinghast designed the golf course 33 Originally the name was to be the Woodland 35 After the Brooklyn Daily Eagle pointed out that there was already a golf course name Woodland in Boston the founders decided to name the course Fresh Meadow Country Club 35 The name came from an area northeast of Flushing even though the golf course was actually located southeast of Flushing just south of what is presently the Long Island Expressway near 183rd Street 36 Fresh Meadow Country Club opened on May 30 1922 37 38 36 At the golf course s dedication the first round of golf was played by former NCAA golf champion Jesse Sweetser and club professional Willie Anderson 37 Sweetser won by two strokes 37 People in attendance included New York State Supreme Court Justices Mitchell May Edward Lazansky and Harry Lewis and Borough President Maurice E Connolly 37 The clubhouse opened on September 8 1923 32 Nine days later the clubhouse burned to the ground from an explosion of a boiler 32 Firefighters from Flushing Bayside and Black Stump arrived but they were unable to save the clubhouse in part because the nearest fire hydrant was a half mile away but they were able to stop the fire before it consumed an adjoining locker building and a two story dormitory building 32 39 The PGA Championship was held at Fresh Meadow Country Club in 1930 40 and the U S Open in 1932 41 In 1937 the golf course hosted a charity game between John Montague Babe Ruth Babe Didrikson and Sylvania Annenberg 42 a game that was watched by 10 000 fans some of whom rushed the golf course and left Babe Ruth s shirt in tatters 43 Fresh Meadows housing and retail development edit In February 1946 the golf course s land was sold to New York Life Insurance Company for 1 075 000 equivalent to 16 100 000 in 2022 in order to build a housing complex on the land 44 45 The Gross Morton Company had also made an offer to buy the land but it was not accepted 45 The New York Life Insurance Company chose Ralph Thomas Walker as the chief designer and it signed a contract with the George A Fuller Company which had built the Flat Iron Building to construct the apartment buildings 46 Construction cost the New York Life Insurance Company 35 million equivalent to 525 million in 2022 47 New York Life Insurance Company donated land on 69th Avenue at 195th Street to the city so it could build a school 48 In 1947 the New York City Board of Education awarded contracts of over 1 8 million equivalent to 23 6 million in 2022 to construct P S 26 an elementary school with a capacity of 1 494 students 48 On April 21 1947 ground was broken for the school s construction 49 The school P S 26 also known as the Rufus King School opened in February 1949 50 P S 173 opened soon afterwards in September 1949 at 69th Avenue and Fresh Meadows Lane 50 P S 173 was originally supposed to be built on the site of Utopia Playground one block west but the school had been relocated due to opposition from Robert Moses the New York City parks commissioner 51 52 The first twenty families moved into the Fresh Meadows Housing Development on September 2 1947 53 As a result of housing segregation New York Life Insurance Company did not allow black individuals to live in the Fresh Meadows Housing Development 54 It was also built to house local World War II veterans The complex and its eponymous shopping center were among the first in the United States designed primarily to accommodate automobile traffic rather than pedestrian traffic 55 Apartment rents were between 74 and 108 per month which included gas and electricity 53 In 1949 architectural critic Lewis Mumford described the Fresh Meadows housing complex as perhaps the most positive and exhilarating example of large scale community planning in this country 56 The construction of the final residential building a 20 story apartment building at 67th Avenue and 192nd Street was completed and ready for occupancy in May 1962 57 At the time the building s construction ended 11 000 people were living in the Fresh Meadows Housing Development 57 nbsp Remnant of Long Island Motor Parkway c 2008 at Springfield Boulevard in nearby Oakland GardensNew York Life Insurance Company built a 12 acre shopping center on 188th Street at Horace Harding Expressway 58 The shopping center was planned to include a Bloomingdale s a movie theater Canterbury Shops clothing store Mary Lewis Ormond Hosiery Shop Woolworth s Miles Shows Buster Brown children s shoes Selby women s shoes Food Fair a Horn amp Hardart automat Whelan s Drugs Fanny Farmer Union News Womrath s Book Shop Barrett Nephews dry cleaners and Harris Brothers delicatessen a Bank of Manhattan a Jamaica Savings Bank and a post office 58 Bloomingdale s opened on May 24 1949 59 60 61 Century Meadows Theatre opened November 1949 62 In 1973 Bloomingdale s added a three level extension to the store on what had been a pedestrian plaza 47 Five 36 year old oak trees were uprooted to construct the extension to the dismay of nearby residents 47 The QM1 express bus to Manhattan started operating in 1968 as part of a 90 day trial run proposed by city traffic commissioner Henry A Barnes transportation administrator Arthur A Palmer and the New York Life Insurance Company 63 This service was eventually kept and it was expanded in 1970 with branches running further east into Queens 64 65 The combined QM1 QM1A service eventually became among the busiest privately operated express routes in the city by the 2000s 66 In 1972 Harry B Helmsley and the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation partnered to buy the Fresh Meadows housing and retail complex for 53 million from the New York Life Insurance Company 38 67 The MacArthur Foundation acquired the property outright in 1995 67 In 1997 Witkoff Group and Insignia Financial Group bought the residential property and Federal Realty Investment Trust bought the commercial property for 215 million 67 68 Two months after the Bloomingdale s store was sold in August 1991 Kmart signed a 31 year lease for the space 60 Kmart s grand opening was on October 22 1991 69 Kmart closed the store in 2003 as part of an effort to close underperforming stores 70 Kmart sold the lease to the Fresh Meadows location and four other locations to Kohl s for 16 million in 2003 71 The Kohl s in Fresh Meadows was the first Kohl s location in New York City 72 Klein Farm edit nbsp The former farmhouse of the Klein Farm on 73rd AvenueFresh Meadows was home to Klein Farm the last surviving commercial farm in New York City located on 73rd Avenue between 194th and 195th Streets 73 74 75 Adam Klein from Brooklyn bought the Voorhis farm in the 1890s 8 73 76 77 Klein bought the 200 acre plot of land for 18 per acre 78 The family sold portions of the land over time but kept the two acres surrounding the farm house 73 76 His son Charles Klein was born on the farm and operated it after his father s death in 1954 at age 89 73 By the early 1990s John Klein Sr ran the farm as well as two larger farms one in Riverhead and one in upstate New York 75 The family had received many offers over the years to buy the land in Fresh Meadows In 1991 the family declined an offer from the owner of a local pizza store who wanted to buy the property in order to convert the family s home into a country style restaurant 75 John Klein Jr the great grandson of Adam Klein was running the farm by the late 1990s 77 The farm gradually become unprofitable and in 2001 John Klein Sr signed a contract to sell the two acre property to Flushing based developer Audrey Realty who wanted to build 22 two family homes on the site 76 79 The farm s last day open was November 21 2001 80 81 Many in the community were opposed to the proposed sale including the Fresh Meadows Tenants Association the West Cunningham Park Civic Association the Flushing Heights Civic Association the Hillcrest Estates Civic Association the Utopia Estates Civic Association and the Utopia Park Civic Association 81 The community later learned that the developer was owned by the family of Tommy Huang whose permits to restore the landmark RKO Keith s Theater in Flushing were revoked when he destroyed its lobby 81 82 Huang had also admitted to failing to report a spill of 10 000 gallons of heating oil from an underground tank into the soil beneath the RKO Keith s Theater in 1999 79 John Klein Sr completed the sale to Huang for 4 3 million in late 2003 78 The land was located in a Special Planned Community Preservation District and required a special permit to build homes there 76 David Weprin the neighborhood s representative in the New York City Council opposed granting the special permit 81 Faced with strong community opposition Huang and Audrey Realty decided not to go forward with the plan 83 and they instead agreed to sell the land to a Westchester based developer Steven Judelson 84 At the time Judelson said he had not decided what to do with the land 84 The sale did not go through 85 In 2005 Huang sent a proposal to the City Planning Commission to build 18 two family homes on the site 86 The proposal was not approved and a day care center was opened instead 87 83 Huang attempted to evict the day care center in 2009 saying that he needed to end the lease early in order to sell the property 83 Huang settled with the day care center to terminate its lease three months early so that Huang could sell the property to Fresh Meadows Jewish Development LLC for 5 6 million 88 The sale did not go through 85 In 2012 Huang was convicted of embezzling over 3 million of federal funds that were intended to pay for children s lunches at Huang s Red Apple Child Development Centers 85 Huang finally sold the property to Ziming Shen s Fresh Meadows Children s Farm LLC for 5 6 million in 2014 85 New York City fined Shen 1 600 after Shen s daycare center Preschool for America cut down trees and modified the driveway on the property without the required permits 85 Holliswood Homes edit Around 1939 Paul Roth bought 27 acres 11 ha of land that had been part of the Klein farm and the Boggs farm 89 90 The land was bounded by 73rd Avenue 185th Street Union Turnpike and 188th Street 91 The 204 homes were designed by architect Arthur E Allen 89 91 Roth named the community Holliswood Homes 90 Houses were sold for an average of 7 400 each 91 Roth had previously developed areas elsewhere in Queens Brooklyn and Long Island 90 Meadowlark Gardens edit Meadowlark Gardens is a 288 unit residential apartment development between 65th Avenue 197th Street and 73rd Avenue 92 It was built by Mortimer M Reznick and George Miller was the architect 92 The first residents moved in on July 1 1950 92 Reznick had previously built homes in the Williams Homes development at 197th Street and 73rd Avenue 93 Reznick also built residential developments called Williams Homes in Flushing and Bonnie Meadows in New Rochelle and a commercial development in Yonkers 94 95 96 Meadowlark Gardens Tenant Association was organized on June 3 1977 in order to advocate for the tenants rights 97 98 Subsections editHillcrest edit nbsp Map of Hillcrest nbsp Union Turnpike in HillcrestHillcrest is a neighborhood in the center of Queens the name comes from its location on the hills between Flushing and Jamaica Hillcrest stretches from the Grand Central Parkway to 73rd Avenue between Utopia Parkway and Parsons Boulevard Its main commercial street is Union Turnpike Hillcrest is part of Queens Community Board 8 The ZIP Codes for the neighborhood are 11366 Fresh Meadows and Flushing zip code for anything above Union Turnpike and 11432 or 11439 Jamaica zip codes for the southern part of the neighborhood below Union Turnpike north of Grand Central Parkway It neighbors Kew Gardens Hills and Pomonok to the west Fresh Meadows to the north Utopia to the east and Jamaica Hills to the south It is mostly made up of single family homes is in a relatively well off public school district and has a low crime rate As with many neighborhoods in the city different residents have varying perceptions of its boundaries Most people in the northeastern part of Hillcrest self identify as being in Fresh Meadows as does everyone living in nearby Utopia Others tend to identify with neighborhoods that surround them There is a small group in the center of the Hillcrest area that identify exclusively with it citation needed Hillcrest is home to an Orthodox Jewish community Some public high schools in Hillcrest are Queens Gateway to Health Sciences Secondary School and Queens School of inquiry St John s University is also located in the neighborhood on Utopia Parkway History edit 75th Avenue was originally known as Hell Fire Lane then Quarrelsome Lane and then Eiseman Avenue 99 100 In 1938 and 1939 Moss Brothers built approximately 550 homes along Utopia Parkway between Horace Harding Expressway and Grand Central Parkway 101 102 Moss Brothers hired architect Arthur E Allen to design the homes 102 103 The development was called Hillcrest Gardens 102 103 Utopia edit Utopia is in the southeastern part of Fresh Meadows bordered by Utopia Parkway to the west 73rd Avenue to the north 188th Street to the east and Union Turnpike to the south 104 Utopia is part of Queens Community Board 8 1 and is often considered to be a part of Fresh Meadows though The New York Times and the New York City Department of City Planning delineate Utopia as a separate neighborhood 104 Utopia s residents includes many Conservative and Orthodox Jews Chinese Americans Korean Americans Russian Americans Indian Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans Utopia primarily consists of houses and tree lined streets 104 The triangular shaped Utopia Playground at Utopia Parkway and 73rd Avenue used to be the site of the Black Stump School when the area was still called Black Stump 104 The school was later replaced by Black Stump Hook Ladder and Bucket Company a volunteer firehouse 104 Today it has a playground a softball field basketball courts and handball courts 104 It is bordered by the neighborhoods of Hillcrest to the west Fresh Meadows to the north and east and Jamaica Estates to the south Utopia is also home to the Hillcrest Jewish Center and the Queens Public Library at Hillcrest both located on Union Turnpike History edit Simon Freeman Samuel Resler and Joseph Fried incorporated the Utopia Land Company in 1903 105 The following year the Utopia Land Company bought 161 25 acres 65 ha of land between the communities of Jamaica and Flushing 106 107 The Utopia Land Company intended to build a cooperative community for Jewish families interested in moving away from the Lower East Side of Manhattan They intended to name the streets after those on the Lower East Side where there was already a large Jewish population 107 After its initial acquisition the company was unable to secure enough funding to further develop the area 108 In 1909 118 acres 48 ha of the land was sold to Felix Isman of Philadelphia for 350 000 equivalent to 11 400 000 in 2022 109 The area remained farmland until 1935 when the land was bought by the Gross Morton Park Corporation run by George M Gross Alfred Gross and Lawrence Morton 110 111 Gross Morton had experience in building residential developments in Queens such as when it had developed the land of the Belleclaire golf course in Bayside around today s 48th Avenue and 211th Street 110 111 In 1937 the company bought 27 acres 11 ha of contiguous farmland on the south side of Black Stump Road now 73rd Avenue from the Klein family 112 In 1939 it bought 117 acres 47 ha of land that had been formerly part of the Klein Farm and the Wigmore estate 113 The land included about one mile of land directly on Union Turnpike on which it built about forty stores 113 On the land it bought in Utopia the Gross Morton Park Corporation built colonial and Cape Cod style homes with either two or three bedrooms each on approximately 4 000 square feet 372 m2 of land in the early 1940s 104 Arthur Allen was the architect of the homes 114 115 In 1938 Paul Roth bought the portion of the Klein Farm on the north side of Union Turnpike between 185th Street and 188th Street to build 70 houses 116 The Batterman family owned and operated a farm on land bounded by Union Turnpike Utopia Parkway 75th Avenue and 170th Street 117 In 1938 the Foch Building Corporation bought the Batterman Estate in order to develop it into a residential neighborhood named University Manor 117 The Foch Building Corporation had previously built 111 houses in what is now St Albans Queens 117 Demographics edit nbsp Cunningham ParkBased on data from the 2010 United States Census the population of Fresh Meadows including Utopia but excluding Hillcrest was 17 812 a change of 439 2 5 from the 17 373 counted in 2000 Covering an area of 636 38 acres 257 53 ha the neighborhood had a population density of 28 inhabitants per acre 18 000 sq mi 6 900 km2 2 The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 32 9 5 864 White 7 6 1 355 African American 0 1 17 Native American 47 1 8 381 Asian 0 2 Pacific Islander 0 4 74 from other races and 2 356 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9 9 1 763 of the population 3 The entirety of Community Board 8 which comprises Fresh Meadows as well as Kew Gardens Hills and Jamaica Hills had 156 217 inhabitants as of NYC Health s 2018 Community Health Profile with an average life expectancy of 83 9 years 118 2 20 This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81 2 for all New York City neighborhoods 119 53 PDF p 84 120 Most inhabitants are middle aged adults and youth 20 are between the ages of 0 17 28 between 25 44 and 27 between 45 64 The ratio of college aged and elderly residents was lower at 10 and 15 respectively 118 2 As of 2017 the median household income in Community Board 8 was 64 005 4 In 2018 an estimated 22 of Fresh Meadows residents lived in poverty compared to 19 in all of Queens and 20 in all of New York City One in eleven residents 9 were unemployed compared to 8 in Queens and 9 in New York City Rent burden or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent is 54 in Fresh Meadows slightly higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53 and 51 respectively Based on this calculation as of 2018 update Fresh Meadows is considered to be high income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying 118 7 Population estimates of Fresh Meadows vary widely depending on which boundaries are considered Zip codes 11365 and 11366 together have an estimated population of 59 873 as of 2017 according to the U S Census Bureau but this also includes part of Auburndale north of the Long Island Expressway while excluding Hillcrest 121 According to 2009 census data however the neighborhood had 16 100 residents 44 percent of whom residents are white 24 percent Asian 14 percent black 29 percent Hispanic and 3 percent identify as multiracial 122 The neighborhood has historically and traditionally been home to one of New York City s most notable Jewish communities Today there is an increasing presence of younger Asian American and Colombian American families Israeli Americans Bukharian Jews and West Indian Americans living in the neighborhood 123 Police and crime editFresh Meadows is patrolled by the 107th Precinct of the NYPD located at 71 01 Parsons Boulevard 5 The 107th Precinct ranked 11th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per capita crime in 2010 The low crime rate was attributed primarily to the area s isolation and to local neighborhood patrols 124 As of 2018 update with a non fatal assault rate of 22 per 100 000 people Fresh Meadows s rate of violent crimes per capita is lower than that of the city as a whole The incarceration rate of 191 per 100 000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole 118 8 The 107th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s with crimes across all categories having decreased by 88 8 between 1990 and 2018 The precinct reported 5 murders 23 rapes 138 robberies 131 felony assaults 149 burglaries 539 grand larcenies and 101 grand larcenies auto in 2018 125 Fire safety editFresh Meadows is served by two New York City Fire Department FDNY fire stations 126 Engine Co 299 Ladder Co 152 is located at 61 20 Utopia Parkway and serves Utopia and the Fresh Meadows development 127 while Engine Co 315 Ladder Co 125 is located at 159 06 Union Turnpike and serves Hillcrest and southern Fresh Meadows 128 Health editAs of 2018 update preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Fresh Meadows than in other places citywide In Fresh Meadows there were 74 preterm births per 1 000 live births compared to 87 per 1 000 citywide and 6 7 births to teenage mothers per 1 000 live births compared to 19 3 per 1 000 citywide 118 11 Fresh Meadows has a relatively average population of residents who are uninsured In 2018 this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 11 which is slightly lower than the citywide rate of 12 118 14 The concentration of fine particulate matter the deadliest type of air pollutant in Fresh Meadows is 0 0078 milligrams per cubic metre 7 8 10 9 oz cu ft lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages 118 9 Fourteen percent of Fresh Meadows residents are smokers which is equal to the city average of 14 of residents being smokers 118 13 In Fresh Meadows 19 of residents are obese 11 are diabetic and 29 have high blood pressure compared to the citywide averages of 20 14 and 24 respectively 118 16 In addition 18 of children are obese compared to the citywide average of 20 118 12 Eighty nine percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day which is higher than the city s average of 87 In 2018 79 of residents described their health as good very good or excellent about the same as the city s average of 78 118 13 For every supermarket in Fresh Meadows there are 5 bodegas 118 10 The nearest large hospitals to Fresh Meadows are Queens Hospital Center in Hillcrest and NewYork Presbyterian Queens in Flushing 129 Post offices and ZIP Codes editFresh Meadows is covered by ZIP Codes 11365 north of 73rd Avenue 11366 between 73rd Avenue and Union Turnpike 130 The United States Post Office operates two locations in Fresh Meadows the Fresh Meadows Finance Station at 193 04 Horace Harding Expressway 131 and the Utopia Station at 182 04 Union Turnpike in Utopia 132 Education editFresh Meadows generally has a higher ratio of college educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018 update Half of residents 50 have a college education or higher while 14 have less than a high school education and 37 are high school graduates or have some college education By contrast 39 of Queens residents and 43 of city residents have a college education or higher 118 6 The percentage of Fresh Meadows students excelling in math rose from 51 percent in 2000 to 71 percent in 2011 and reading achievement rose from 56 to 57 during the same time period 133 Fresh Meadows s rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City In Fresh Meadows 15 of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year less than the citywide average of 20 119 24 PDF p 55 118 6 Additionally 86 of high school students in Fresh Meadows graduate on time more than the citywide average of 75 118 6 Schools edit Public edit Fresh Meadows and Hillcrest contain the following public elementary schools 134 135 P S 4 grades PK 8 136 P S 26 Rufus King School grades PK 5 137 P S 154 grades PK 5 138 P S 173 Fresh Meadow School grades PK 5 139 P S I S 178 Holliswood School grades PK 8 140 P S 255 grades PK 12 141 Fresh Meadows and Hillcrest contain the following public middle schools 134 135 J H S 216 George J Ryan School grades 6 8 142 opened September 1955 named after the former 15 year president of the Board of Education 143 Queens Gateway To Health Sciences Secondary School grades 6 12 144 Queens School of Inquiry grades 6 12 145 Francis Lewis High School grades 9 12 is located in Fresh Meadows 146 Private edit St Francis Preparatory School the largest Catholic high school in the United States is located in Fresh Meadows The Summit School a state approved tuition free private school serving students with special education needs holds classes at Hillcrest Jewish Center in Utopia St John s University a private Catholic university has its main campus in Hillcrest The Japanese Weekend School of New York a Japanese weekend school holds classes at the building of P S 26 The school also holds classes in Westchester County and Long Island 147 The Japanese School of New York formerly held classes in Fresh Meadows between 1980 and 1991 148 149 150 Libraries edit nbsp Hillcrest branch Queens Public LibraryThe Queens Public Library operates two branches in Fresh Meadows The Fresh Meadows branch is located at 193 20 Horace Harding Expressway 151 and the Hillcrest branch is located at 187 05 Union Turnpike in Utopia 152 Transportation editBuses edit Although there are no New York City Subway stations in Fresh Meadows several local MTA Regional Bus Operations routes serve the neighborhood and connect to the subway These include the 153 Q17 to 169th Street F and lt F gt train or Flushing Main Street 7 and lt 7 gt trains via Horace Harding Expressway and 188th Street 38 154 153 Q26 to Flushing Main Street 7 and lt 7 gt trains via Hollis Court Boulevard 38 155 153 Q30 to Jamaica Center Parsons Archer E J and Z trains or Little Neck via Utopia Parkway and Horace Harding Expressway 38 156 153 Q31 to Jamaica Center Parsons Archer E J and Z trains or Bayside via Utopia Parkway 38 157 153 Q46 to Kew Gardens Union Turnpike E F and lt F gt trains or Glen Oaks via Union Turnpike 158 153 Q76 to 169th Street F and lt F gt train or College Point via Francis Lewis Boulevard 38 159 153 Q88 to Woodhaven Boulevard R train or Queens Village LIRR via Horace Harding Expressway 188th Street and 73rd Avenue 38 160 153 In addition the Union Turnpike express buses run along Union Turnpike 188th Street and 73rd Avenue providing service to Manhattan 153 161 155 QM1 QM5 QM6 QM31 QM35 and QM36 to Midtown Manhattan 161 153 QM7 and QM8 to Lower Manhattan 155 153 Trains edit The Long Island Rail Road LIRR s Auburndale station is nearby and provides access on the Port Washington Branch to Midtown Manhattan Buses also run to the LIRR stations at Flushing Main Street and Jamaica 162 Former edit In June 1873 the Central Railroad of Long Island opened a station called Frankiston on Black Stump Road now called 73rd Avenue 163 It was east of the present day Clearview Expressway where Cunningham Park is now The railroad line continued northwest along the parkland between today s Peck Avenue and Underhill Avenue ultimately ending in downtown Flushing The origin of the name Frankiston is unknown Loomis L White the railroad s second largest stockholder had bought all the land surrounding the station in April 1871 The station s building was built by E W Karker amp Co of College Point April May 1873 164 147 The train fare from Frankston to downtown Flushing was 0 30 equivalent to 7 in 2022 164 109 The station was first included in railroad timetables in June 1873 164 147 On April 30 1879 the station was closed and the railroad line was abandoned 164 147 165 Proposed edit In the 1970s an extension of the subway system along Horace Harding Expressway was proposed as part of the Program for Action but it was ultimately not built 166 Highways edit The Long Island Expressway I 495 connects Fresh Meadows with both midtown Manhattan and Long Island while the Clearview Expressway I 295 provides access to the Bronx and the New England Thruway The Long Island Motor Parkway formerly a highway is now used as a biking and walking trail as part of the Brooklyn Queens Greenway In media editIn October 2011 a book written by Fred Cantor and Debra Davidson that chronicled the history of Fresh Meadows was released 167 The book is part of the Images of America series 168 Notable people editBruce Bierman born 1953 American interior designerReferences edit a b c NYC Planning Community Profiles communityprofiles planning nyc gov New York City Department of City Planning Archived from the original on June 19 2019 Retrieved April 7 2018 a b Table PL P5 NTA Total Population and Persons Per Acre New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas 2010 Archived June 10 2016 at the Wayback Machine Population Division New York City Department of City Planning February 2012 Accessed June 16 2016 a b Table PL P3A NTA Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas 2010 Archived June 10 2016 at the Wayback Machine Population Division New York City Department of City Planning March 29 2011 Accessed June 14 2016 a b NYC Queens Community District 8 Briarwood Fresh Meadows amp Hillcrest PUMA NY Census Reporter Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved July 17 2018 a b NYPD 107th Precinct www nyc gov New York City Police Department Archived from the original on July 2 2017 Retrieved October 3 2016 Current City Council Districts for Queens County Archived December 22 2016 at the Wayback Machine New York City Accessed May 5 2017 For Sale or to be exchanged for Property in the city of New York The Evening Post New York NY June 27 1805 p 2 Retrieved January 1 2020 via newspapers com a b c d Morales Tina February 25 1990 Marshes Meadows Impressed Explorers Neighborhood s heritage includes the last commercial family farm in the city Newsday ProQuest 278200504 a b Long Island Our Story Our Towns Queens Newsday February 22 1998 p H5 ProQuest 279099066 Walsh Kevin March 2006 Fresh Meadows Queens Forgotten NY Archived from the original on July 1 2014 Retrieved September 24 2014 History of Fresh Meadows Fresh Meadows website Archived from the original on February 11 2015 Retrieved September 24 2014 Beyer Gregory June 19 2009 An Outpost of the City Within the City The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 23 2012 Retrieved August 29 2009 Long Island Items Brooklyn Daily Eagle February 15 1871 p 3 Retrieved December 29 2019 via Brooklyn Public Library newspapers com Building Department Busy Times Union Brooklyn NY July 18 1900 p 9 Retrieved December 29 2019 via newspapers com School Betterments in Queens Borough Times Union Brooklyn NY June 12 1905 p 11 Retrieved December 29 2019 via newspapers com Work Started on Three New Play Centers Brooklyn Citizen September 20 1941 p 2 Retrieved December 29 2019 via newspapers com Shaman Diana December 21 2003 A Neighborhood Aspires to Its Name The New York Times p 11 7 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 25 2016 Retrieved February 8 2017 a b Odd Tales of Many Cities Ghost Songs Cease Spook Goes to Jail The Washington Post January 7 1908 p 3 ProQuest 144899254 a b Higgins Adrian August 31 2017 Forgive this 1800s plant collector who brought us a mega weed The Washington Post p 11 ProQuest 1985630417 Hanc John July 9 2003 Open Secrets The Hidden Pleasures of Our Parks Kissena Park Newsday p B3 ProQuest 279692657 Wells Nelson M November 12 1939 Good Habits of Hardy Privets Prove Their Value in the City Privet Grown As a Specimen The New York Times p 65 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2019 Retrieved February 2 2019 Renewing Central Park The New York Times October 10 1886 p 4 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 2 2019 a b c Hanc John December 9 2001 Kissena s Oasis Newsday p H7 ProQuest 279544089 Daniel Carter Beard 1915 The American boys book of bugs butterflies and beetles Lippincott pp 289 293 ISBN 978 1 4400 9153 7 Retrieved July 9 2018 Game Bag and Gun Why Not Breed Our Own Wild Ducks Forest and Stream 70 13 494 March 28 1908 Retrieved July 9 2018 New York N Y Dept of Water Supply Gas and Electricity Delos Franklin Wilcox Citizens Water Supply Co of Newtown 1916 Report of Delos F Wilcox deputy commissioner to the Commissioner of Water Supply Gas and Electricity in relation to the Citizens Water Supply Company of Newtown October 7 1916 pp 171 174 219 220 323 Retrieved July 9 2018 a b Obituary Notes PDF The New York Times April 15 1898 p 7 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved February 2 2019 Flushing s Claim to Floral Fame French Huguenots Made It the Garden Spot of America in the Eighteenth Century The New York Times January 10 1926 p E21 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2019 Retrieved February 2 2019 a b Shaman Diana March 5 2000 If You re Thinking of Living In Kissena Park Queens Near Flushing s Bustle a Quiet Enclave The New York Times p 11 5 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2019 Retrieved February 2 2019 In the Park Or Not The New York Times April 28 1989 p C34 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2019 Retrieved February 2 2019 Feller Michael December 1988 Kissena Park The Wild Side A Guide to its Natural Areas PDF New York City Department of Parks and Recreation Natural Resources Group Archived PDF from the original on February 3 2018 Retrieved June 2 2018 a b c d New Fresh Meadow Club House Burns Loss is 150 000 Brooklyn Daily Eagle September 17 1923 p 40 Retrieved December 29 2019 via Brooklyn Public Library newspapers com a b Woodland Golf Club Purchases 18 Hole Course New Links Organization Acquires Tract of 106 Acres in Jamaica New York Tribune December 18 1921 p 19 Retrieved December 29 2019 via newspapers com Fresh Meadow Golf Course Ready in June The Evening World New York NY p 25 Retrieved December 29 2019 via newspapers com a b Woodland Golfers Adopt New Name Fresh Meadow Brooklyn Daily Eagle January 20 1922 p 26 Retrieved December 29 2019 via Brooklyn Public Library newspapers com a b About FMCC A Tale of Two Clubs Fresh Meadow Country Club Retrieved May 31 2012 dead link a b c d New Courses Opened Fresh Meadow and Fenimore Clubs Join Met Golf Ranks The New York Times May 31 1922 p 26 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 31 2019 Retrieved January 31 2019 a b c d e f g h Fresh Meadows Up Close Twas an Early Modern Community New York Daily News April 8 1999 p 9 ProQuest 313652130 150 000 Club Burned 9 Days After Opening New York Daily News September 18 1923 p 13 Retrieved December 29 2019 via Brooklyn Public Library newspapers com Rice Grantland September 12 1930 The Sportlight The Baltimore Sun p 19 ProQuest 543442746 Sarazen Wins National Open The Baltimore Sun June 26 1932 p S1 ProQuest 543346930 Ruth Serious About Match The Baltimore Sun Associated Press November 12 1937 p 18 ProQuest 538086593 Frenzied Crowd Stops Montague Exhibition The Washington Post Associated Press November 15 1937 p 18 ProQuest 150906301 Talbot Gayle February 5 1946 Famous New York Golf Course Victim of Housing Shortage The Washington Post p 10 a b N Y Life Acquires Large Housing Site Buys 141 Acre Fresh Meadow Country Club in Flushing Queens for 1 075 000 The New York Times March 23 1946 p 28 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 4 2019 Retrieved February 4 2019 Housing Contract is Let Fuller Co to Build Apartments on Fresh Meadows Site The New York Times June 1 1946 p 45 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 a b c Tomasson Robert E May 20 1973 Ownership Change Unsettles Fresh Meadows The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 31 2019 Retrieved January 31 2019 a b Contracts Approved for Queens School The New York Times April 12 1947 p 9 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 12 2019 Retrieved February 10 2019 Start New School New York Daily News p B44 Retrieved January 3 2020 via newspapers com a b 4 Queens Schools Formally Opened Buildings Costing 7 500 000 Provide for Thousands of Elementary Pupils The New York Times October 11 1949 p 29 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 6 2019 Retrieved March 3 2019 Marzlock Ron November 21 2012 How Robert Moses Saved Utopia Playground Queens Chronicle Archived from the original on February 16 2020 Retrieved February 16 2020 Utopia Playground Highlights NYC Parks New York City Department of Parks amp Recreation June 26 1939 Archived from the original on February 16 2020 Retrieved February 16 2020 a b Open Queens Project New York Amsterdam News September 6 1947 p 19 Brown Earl August 9 1947 Timely Topics About Jim Crow Housing Projects New York Amsterdam News p 8 Goldberger Paul April 17 1981 To Utopia by Bus and Subway The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 5 2010 Retrieved August 29 2009 Kroessler J A 2002 New York Year by Year A Chronology of the Great Metropolis NYU Press p 254 ISBN 978 0 8147 4750 6 Retrieved January 31 2019 a b Bartnett Edmond J May 13 1962 Model Community Marks 15th Year Last Building Is Opened in 15 Year Old Fresh Meadows Community The New York Times p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 4 2019 Retrieved February 4 2019 a b New Shopping Area for Apartment Residents 12 Acre Site Being Developed as Store Center Adjoining Fresh Meadows Housing The New York Times February 13 1949 p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 105768551 Store Is Opening in Queens Tuesday Bloomingdale s to Hold Preview for Invited List Tomorrow at Fresh Meadows The New York Times May 22 1949 p 35 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 a b Garbarine Rachelle October 9 1991 Real Estate Queens Shopping Center Draws K Mart for an Anchor The New York Times p D21 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 Bloomingdale Store in Queens Open Today The New York Times May 24 1949 p 32 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 No Coins In Slots at New Automat Restaurant Planned for Fresh Meadows Site Will Have Trim Waitresses Serving The New York Times December 18 1949 p 41 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 Perlmutter Emanuel February 27 1968 Queens Midtown Service Starts 11 Express Buses Carry 1 000 on Test Runs The New York Times Archived from the original on December 21 2016 Retrieved August 26 2016 Another Express Bus Service Starts Monday PDF Bayside Times Fultonhistory com March 12 1970 p 1 Retrieved February 17 2018 Moran Nancy June 11 1970 Private Lines Running Express Buses to the City s Outskirts The New York Times p 90 Archived from the original on July 30 2017 Retrieved June 13 2017 Urbitran Associates Inc May 2004 NYCDOT Bus Ridership Survey and Route Analysis Final Report Chapter 4 Operating and Financial Performance PDF nyc gov New York City Department of Transportation Archived PDF from the original on October 16 2015 Retrieved December 20 2015 a b c Oser Alan S October 8 1997 Metro Business Fresh Meadows Sale The New York Times p B6 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 31 2019 Bertrand Donald October 10 1997 Fresh Meadows sale 215M for huge complex New York Daily News p 765 Retrieved January 31 2019 via newspapers com Murray Caryn Eve October 25 1992 Kmart Loves Thy Neighbors Newsday p 4 ProQuest 278586574 Herzlick Jamie January 15 2003 With Kmart Going Rivals Vie for Stores Newsday p A37 ProQuest 279616624 Wax Alan J April 16 2003 Kohls H Depot Buy Kmart Leases Retailers to open stores in Fresh Meadows Syosset Newsday p A47 ProQuest 279704185 Boswell Brannon June 2003 Big box comes to the Big Apple National Real Estate Investor Atlanta Georgia Volume 45 Issue 6 p 16 17 a b c d Shepard Richard F September 26 1971 Down On the Farm in Queens The New York Times p A1 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 A Farm Grows in Fresh Meadows Newsday p 06 ProQuest 278384876 a b c Hernandez Raymond September 26 1993 Neighborhood Report Fresh Meadows A Harvest in Queens That s Out of the Past The New York Times p A9 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 a b c d O Grady Jim July 29 2001 Neighborhood Report Fresh Meadows Down on the Farm A City Spread Appears Headed for a Last Harvest The New York Times p CY4 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 a b Kirby David May 30 1999 Passing the Endurance Test A 2 Acre Farm Belt At 194 15 73d Ave The New York Times p 11 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 a b Hevesi Dennis February 27 2004 A Farm In Queens For Now Yes A Last Holdout Is Sold But Some Hope to Save It The New York Times p B1 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 a b Bertrand Donald March 6 2002 Developer Dealt Blow Councilman opposes Klein Farm plan New York Daily News p 1 ProQuest 305732555 Virasami Bryan November 21 2001 Their Last Season On The Farm Fresh Meadows site to shut down today Newsday p A8 ProQuest 279482095 a b c d Dissension Takes Root in Sale of Farm Stand New York Daily News March 1 2002 p 8 ProQuest 305691352 Murphy William February 22 2005 Not the right fit for them Bayside residents fear developer with history of violations will be allowed to jam four homes on one lot Newsday p A15 ProQuest 279891377 a b c Kemp Joe August 2 2009 Day care center defies eviction by a notorious landlord New York Daily News p 33 Archived from the original on January 31 2019 Retrieved January 31 2019 a b Bertrand Donald March 15 2004 Farm Changes Hands Again W chester Developer Has Eye on Klein Property New York Daily News p 3 ProQuest 305871480 a b c d e Robinson Alex August 7 2014 Klein farm sold to tree cutters Archived January 30 2019 at the Wayback Machine TimesLedger Queens New York Bertrand Donald September 20 2005 Pol Neighbors Urge Preserving Old Farm New York Daily News p 3 ProQuest 305982221 Beyer Gregory June 21 2009 Living in Fresh Meadows Queens An Outpost of the City Within the City The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 Kemp Joe September 11 2009 Klein Farm deal struck Day care agrees to vacate developers in negotiations New York Daily News p 77 Archived from the original on January 31 2019 Retrieved January 31 2019 a b Builders Acquire Jamaica Farms The New York Times March 26 1939 p 157 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 12 2019 Retrieved February 10 2019 a b c Old Boggs Home Being Developed Brooklyn Daily Eagle March 26 1939 p 47 Retrieved January 3 2020 via Brooklyn Public Library newspapers com a b c Paul Roth Project to Have 204 Homes Brooklyn Daily Eagle June 22 1941 p 26 Retrieved December 29 2019 via Brooklyn Public Library newspapers com a b c 746 Unit Housing to Replace Club Garden Type Housing Being Built in Queens and New Jersey Centers The New York Times May 21 1950 p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 29 2019 Retrieved December 29 2019 New Section for Northcrest The New York Times August 10 1947 p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 107820986 New Rochelle Homes Use Old Farm Site The New York Times November 4 1951 p 255 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 29 2019 Retrieved December 29 2019 Realty Financing The New York Times December 28 1951 p 34 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 112094864 Ennis Thomas W May 11 1965 4 Million Deal General Bronze Contracts to Sell Its Garden City Plant The New York Times p 62 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 30 2019 Retrieved December 30 2019 Waters Archie May 23 1977 New Flushing Civic Group New York Daily News p 355 Retrieved December 29 2019 via newspapers com Meadowlark Gardens Tenant Association Inc Entity Information New York State Department of State Division of Corporations Retrieved December 29 2019 Want 75th Avenue Improved to Meet Convenience of Buses The Chat Brooklyn NY April 13 1929 p 2 Retrieved January 3 2020 via newspapers com Queens Clerk s Office Crush of Business Brooklyn Daily Eagle January 9 1906 p 22 Retrieved January 3 2020 via Brooklyn Public Library newspapers com Jamaica Home Site Builders Plan 270 Dwellings on Utopia Parkway Tract The New York Times November 20 1938 p 187 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 12 2019 Retrieved February 10 2019 a b c 19 Jamaica Homes Sold Builders Report Rising Demand in Hillcrest Community The New York Times June 11 1939 p RE9 Archived from the original on February 12 2019 Retrieved February 10 2019 a b Builders Active on Long Island Sales and Home Construction Establishing High Record for Summer Season The New York Times July 16 1939 p 129 Archived from the original on February 12 2019 Retrieved February 10 2019 a b c d e f g Shaman Diana December 21 2003 If You re Thinking of Living In Utopia Queens A Neighborhood Aspires to Its Name The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 30 2019 Retrieved January 30 2019 New York Incorporations The New York Times May 13 1903 p 14 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 5 2019 In the Real Estate Field Harlem Plots Bought for Improvement Ex Gov Morton s Purchase New Building at Broadway and Fifty Fifth Street Dealings by Brokers and at Auction The New York Times March 26 1904 p 15 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 7 2019 Retrieved February 5 2019 a b A Hebrew Utopia The New York Times June 7 1905 p 16 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 7 2019 Retrieved February 5 2019 Schneider Daniel B January 26 1997 F Y I A Utopia in Queens The New York Times p CY2 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 7 2019 Retrieved February 5 2019 Isman s 350 000 Purchase Philadelphia Operator Buys Tract of 118 Acres Near Jamaica The New York Times June 13 1909 p 14 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 7 2019 Retrieved February 5 2019 a b Plans for Buildings Filed by Architects Variety of New Structures Are Projected in Manhattan Bronx Brooklyn and Queens The New York Times August 21 1935 p 38 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 7 2019 Retrieved February 5 2019 a b Home Building Centres The New York Times August 18 1935 p RE1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 101380138 Queens Farm Bought for Housing Project 600 New Homes Planned for Jamaica Hillcrest Site by Building Concern The New York Times February 12 1937 p 44 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 6 2019 Retrieved March 3 2019 a b 54 Blocks Bought for Home Centers Gross Morton Firm Announces Plans for 1 400 Houses on Queens Tracts The New York Times April 9 1939 p RE1 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 6 2019 Retrieved March 3 2019 Residence Planned at 16 Sutton Square Mrs Lili Havemeyer to Erect 30 000 Home There Queens The New York Times May 21 1940 p 47 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 7 2019 Retrieved February 5 2019 Building Plans Filed The New York Times May 30 1940 p 38 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 5 2019 via ProQuest 70 Flushing Lots Added for Housing Builder of Small Dwellings Buys Union Turnpike Tract Adjoining Development The New York Times November 18 1938 p 41 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 6 2019 Retrieved March 3 2019 a b c Builders Acquire Farm in Jamaica New Owners Plan to Erect 500 Homes on the Former Batterman Property The New York Times June 12 1938 p 182 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 10 2019 Retrieved February 10 2019 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Hillcrest and Fresh Meadows Including Briarwood Fresh Meadows Hillcrest Jamaica Hills Kew Gardens Hills and Utopia PDF nyc gov NYC Health 2018 Archived PDF from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 2 2019 a b 2016 2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan Take Care New York 2020 PDF nyc gov New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 2016 Archived PDF from the original on September 9 2017 Retrieved September 8 2017 New Yorkers are living longer happier and healthier lives New York Post June 4 2017 Archived from the original on March 2 2019 Retrieved March 1 2019 2013 2017 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Demographic and Housing Estimates ZIP Code 11365 and 11366 U S Census Bureau Retrieved February 6 2019 Beyer Gregory June 19 2009 Living in Fresh Meadows Queens An Outpost of the City Within the City The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 4 2017 Retrieved February 8 2017 Brown Kristen V April 23 2008 New York real estate Fresh Meadows AM New York Archived from the original on September 5 2009 Retrieved August 29 2009 Fresh Meadows DNAinfo com Crime and Safety Report www dnainfo com Archived from the original on April 15 2017 Retrieved October 6 2016 107th Precinct CompStat Report PDF www nyc gov New York City Police Department Archived PDF from the original on April 13 2018 Retrieved July 22 2018 FDNY Firehouse Listing Location of Firehouses and companies NYC Open Data Socrata New York City Fire Department September 10 2018 Retrieved March 14 2019 Engine Company 299 Ladder Company 152 FDNYtrucks com Archived from the original on October 30 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 Engine Company 315 Ladder Company 125 FDNYtrucks com Archived from the original on October 30 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 Finkel Beth February 27 2014 Guide To Queens Hospitals Queens Tribune Archived from the original on February 4 2017 Retrieved March 7 2019 Utopia New York City Queens New York Zip Code Boundary Map NY United States Zip Code Boundary Map USA Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 Location Details Fresh Meadows Finance USPS com Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 Location Details Utopia USPS com Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 Fresh Meadows Hillcrest QN 08 PDF Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy 2011 Archived PDF from the original on September 18 2013 Retrieved October 5 2016 a b Zillow Fresh Meadows New York School Ratings and Reviews Zillow Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 4 2019 a b Zillow Hillcrest New York School Ratings and Reviews Zillow Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 4 2019 P S Q004 New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 P S 026 Rufus King New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 27 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 P S 154 Queens New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 P S 173 Fresh Meadows New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 27 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 P S IS 178 Holliswood New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 P S Q255 New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 8 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 J H S 216 George J Ryan New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 27 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 Lanza to Open Ryan School New York Daily News September 30 1955 p B3 Queens Gateway To Health Sciences Secondary School New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 27 2019 Retrieved March 27 2019 Queens School of Inquiry The New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 27 2019 Retrieved March 27 2019 Francis Lewis High School New York City Department of Education December 19 2018 Archived from the original on March 27 2019 Retrieved March 27 2019 Matsuda Akiko Learning their mother tongue The Journal News August 16 2006 p A1 Retrieved on July 8 2013 Atsushi Kaizuka assistant principal of the Japanese Weekend School of New York which serves about 800 Japanese or Japanese American students at its Westchester and Long Island schools said Matthews attempt seemed to be an uphill battle 本校の歩み Archived 2014 01 17 at archive today The Japanese School of New York Retrieved on January 10 2012 1975 9 2 Jamaica Queensにて ニューヨーク日本人学校 開校 and 1980 12 22 Queens Ｆlushing校に移転 and 1991 8 18 Westchester Yonkers校へ移転 Kulers Brian G November 12 1986 Queens Neighborhoods Queens Closeup East Meets West in School For Japanese in America Newsday p 31 ProQuest 285412826 Pomfret John Old city school becomes second home for Japanese kids Archived May 11 2016 at the Wayback Machine Associated Press at The Daily Telegraph Thursday September 10 1987 30 Retrieved from Google News 30 of 68 on January 9 2012 Branch Detailed Info Fresh Meadows Queens Public Library Archived from the original on October 16 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 Branch Detailed Info Hillcrest Queens Public Library Archived from the original on October 16 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 a b c d e f g h i j k Queens Bus Map PDF Metropolitan Transportation Authority August 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 MTA Regional Bus Operations Q17 bus schedule Retrieved February 10 2019 a b c MTA Regional Bus Operations QM7 bus schedule Retrieved February 10 2019 MTA Regional Bus Operations Q30 bus schedule Retrieved February 10 2019 MTA Regional Bus Operations Q31 bus schedule Retrieved February 10 2019 MTA Regional Bus Operations Q46 bus schedule Retrieved February 10 2019 MTA Regional Bus Operations Q76 bus schedule Retrieved February 10 2019 MTA Regional Bus Operations Q88 bus schedule Retrieved February 10 2019 a b MTA Regional Bus Operations QM1 bus schedule Retrieved February 10 2019 MTA LIRR LIRR Map MTA January 7 2019 Archived from the original on May 29 2014 Retrieved February 11 2019 Long Island The Brooklyn Union June 14 1873 p 2 via newspapers com a b c d Seyfried Vincent F 1963 The Long Island Rail Road A Comprehensive History Part Two The Flushing North Shore amp Central Railroad Archived from the original on October 2 2015 Retrieved July 13 2020 Long Island Railroad Abandoned The New York Times May 2 1879 p 8 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 3 2020 via newspapers com Raskin Joseph B 2013 The Routes Not Taken A Trip Through New York City s Unbuilt Subway System New York New York Fordham University Press p 253 doi 10 5422 fordham 9780823253692 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 82325 369 2 Levin Sam September 20 2011 Old Fresh Meadows Lives On In Photo Album Book Daily News Cantor F Davidson D L 2011 Fresh Meadows Images of America in Spanish Arcadia Pub ISBN 978 0 7385 7572 8 Retrieved January 30 2019 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fresh Meadows Queens Fresh Meadow Lane Queens Forgotten NY Cantor Fred Davidson Debra L October 3 2011 Fresh Meadows Images of America Arcadia Publishing ISBN 978 0 7385 7572 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fresh Meadows Queens amp oldid 1205370189, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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