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Wikipedia

Fraser Valley

The Fraser Valley is a geographical region in southwestern British Columbia, Canada and northwestern Washington State. It starts just west of Hope in a narrow valley encompassing the Fraser River and ends at the Pacific Ocean stretching from the North Shore Mountains, opposite the city of Vancouver BC, to just south of Bellingham, Washington.

Fraser Valley
Landsat image of Fraser Valley. Sediment deposited by the Fraser River is clearly visible to the west.
Coordinates: 49°06′30″N 122°17′30″W / 49.10833°N 122.29167°W / 49.10833; -122.29167Coordinates: 49°06′30″N 122°17′30″W / 49.10833°N 122.29167°W / 49.10833; -122.29167
LocationBritish Columbia, Canada
Part ofFraser Lowland
Formed byFraser River

In casual usage it typically describes the Fraser River basin downstream of the Fraser Canyon. The term is sometimes used outside British Columbia to refer to the entire Fraser River sections including the Fraser Canyon and up from there to its headwaters, but in general British Columbian usage the term refers to the stretch of Lower Mainland west of the Coquihalla River mouth at the inland town of Hope, and includes all of the Canadian portion of the Fraser Lowland as well as the valleys and upland areas flanking it. It is divided into the Upper Fraser Valley and Lower Fraser Valley by the Vedder River mouth at the eastern foothills of Sumas Mountain, although the Lower Valley section upstream of McMillan Island and the Salmon River mouth (at Fort Langley) used to be called the Central Fraser Valley up until 1995 (see Central Fraser Valley Regional District).

Administratively, the Fraser Valley comprises parts of the regional districts of Metro Vancouver and the Fraser Valley Regional District. The main population centres in the Fraser Valley are Greater Vancouver, Abbotsford and Chilliwack.

History

 
Evolution of the Lower Fraser Valley from Langley to Harrison

This section of the Fraser River is known by local indigenous peoples as "Sto:lo" in the Halqemeylem language of the area, and this term has been adopted to refer to all of the indigenous peoples of the Fraser Lowland, other than the Squamish and Musqueam. The indigenous peoples of the area have long made use of the river valley for agricultural and commercial exploits and continue to do so today.

These indigenous keepers of the land were not consulted in the Treaty of Oregon, which saw the United States and Great Britain define and recognize each others' claims to the area. This overstepping of jurisdiction inevitably lead to conflict as Great Britain was incapable of exercising the control they claimed over the river valley. As a wave of immigrants flooded into the Fraser River Valley because of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, the British were unable to maintain order without the cooperation of the local indigenous peoples, and the Fraser Canyon War broke out. The war was resolved with a series of treaties, none of which remain to this day, but which evidently included the regulation of immigration and the continuation of mining on the river by the indigenous inhabitants and the new immigrants. This war was part of a series of local conflicts surrounding the arrival of settlers ahead of American and British capacity to maintain order and refusal to cooperate with or recognize indigenous land claims and demands. These conflicts were pivotal in many aspects to the settlement of the West Coast in both Canada and the United States.

The interaction of indigenous peoples and settlers lead to the growth of Chinook Wawa, a pidgin language that was used throughout the Fraser River Valley until the early 1900s. Industrialization of the river began with the use of the traditional trade waterway by steamboats and eventually, roads and railways were built, fueled by and in turn fuelling further population growth. Today, the most important transportation through the region are the Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway transcontinental main lines, the Lougheed Highway (Hwy 7), and the Trans-Canada Highway (Hwy 1).

Geography

 
Map showing the Fraser River and its major tributaries

After descending through the rapids of the Fraser Canyon, the Fraser River emerges almost at sea level at Yale, over 100 km inland. Although the canyon in geographic terms is defined as ending at Yale, Hope is generally to be considered the southern end of the canyon, partly because of the change in the character of the highway from that point, and perhaps also because it is at Hope that the first floodplains typifying the course of the Lower Fraser are found. Downstream from Hope, the river and adjoining floodplains widen considerably in the area of Rosedale, Chilliwack and Agassiz, which is considered the head of the Fraser Delta. From there the river passes through some of the most fertile agricultural land in British Columbia—as well as the heart of the Metro Vancouver region—on its way through the valley to its mouth at Georgia Strait.

During the last ice age, the area that would become the Fraser Valley was covered by a sheet of ice, walled in by the surrounding mountains. As the ice receded, land that had been covered by glaciers became covered by water instead, then slowly rose above the water, forming the basin that exists today. The valley is the largest landform of the Lower Mainland ecoregion, with its delta considered to begin in the area of Agassiz and Chilliwack, although stretches of floodplain flank the mountainsides between there and Hope.

Several of the Fraser's lower tributaries have floodplains of their own, shared in common with the Fraser freshet. Of varying size these include the Harrison River, Chilliwack River (Vedder River), Hatzic Creek and Hatzic Lake, the Stave, Alouette, Pitt and Coquitlam Rivers. Also incorporated in the Fraser delta region are the Nicomekl and Serpentine River floodplains and the Sumas River drainage, which flow to saltwater independently of the Fraser but help drain its lowland. The Fraser is tidal as far upstream as the town of Mission and, across the river, the City of Abbotsford, which is at the Fraser's closest approach to the international boundary, about 6 miles north of Sumas, Washington. Pitt Lake, one of the Fraser's last tributaries and among its largest, is so low in elevation, despite its mountain setting, that it is one of the largest tidal freshwater lakes in the world .

Oxbow lakes and side-sloughs are a common feature of the Lower Fraser's geography. The two main oxbows are those of Hatzic Lake and the Stave River on opposite sides of Mission, although that of the Stave has been silted in and part of it drained for a man-made lake. Around Fort Langley is an oxbow formation, mostly swamped in at the time of the fort's foundation, which was drained and made part of the fort's farm and remains farmland today. The system of sloughs and side-channels of the river is complicated, but important sloughs include those around Nicomen Island, Sea Bird Island and flanking the river from Rosedale to Sumas Mountain, on the western side of Chilliwack.

 
Panoramic view of Fraser River and valley as seen from the grounds of Westminster Abbey, above Hatzic in Mission, British Columbia
 
Panoramic view of the Fraser Valley as seen from eastern Abbotsford looking northwest, showing the District of Mission, which lies across the river from this viewpoint

Climate

In winter, the Fraser Valley occasionally plays a significant role in the weather regime along the west coast of North America as far south as California, acting as a natural outlet for the intensely cold Arctic air mass which typically sits over Western Canada during winter. Under certain meteorological conditions strong winds pour out of the Fraser Valley and over the relatively warmer waters of the Strait of Georgia and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. This can cause ocean-effect snow, especially between Port Angeles and Sequim, where the air mass collides with the Olympic Mountains.[1] The cold air from the Fraser Valley can also flow out over the Pacific Ocean. Lanes of convective ocean-effect clouds and showers are produced as heat and moisture modify the very dry, frigid air mass. These then typically organize as a low pressure system which returns the showers to the coast south of Canada, often bringing snow to unusually low elevations.

Western Fraser Valley

Climate data for Western Fraser Valley (Maple Ridge Kanaka Creek) (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.5
(58.1)
20.0
(68.0)
25.5
(77.9)
29.5
(85.1)
31.0
(87.8)
34.0
(93.2)
36.5
(97.7)
34.5
(94.1)
35.5
(95.9)
27.5
(81.5)
16.0
(60.8)
13.5
(56.3)
36.5
(97.7)
Average high °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0)
7.8
(46.0)
10.9
(51.6)
14.9
(58.8)
17.9
(64.2)
20.5
(68.9)
23.8
(74.8)
24.1
(75.4)
21.1
(70.0)
14.1
(57.4)
8.1
(46.6)
4.6
(40.3)
14.4
(57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5)
4.0
(39.2)
6.5
(43.7)
9.6
(49.3)
12.5
(54.5)
15.2
(59.4)
17.7
(63.9)
17.8
(64.0)
15.0
(59.0)
10.0
(50.0)
5.4
(41.7)
2.4
(36.3)
9.9
(49.8)
Average low °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0)
0.1
(32.2)
1.9
(35.4)
4.3
(39.7)
7.1
(44.8)
9.9
(49.8)
11.7
(53.1)
11.6
(52.9)
8.9
(48.0)
5.9
(42.6)
2.8
(37.0)
0.2
(32.4)
5.4
(41.7)
Record low °C (°F) −17
(1)
−13.5
(7.7)
−9
(16)
−2.5
(27.5)
−1
(30)
2.5
(36.5)
5.0
(41.0)
5.0
(41.0)
1.0
(33.8)
−6
(21)
−13
(9)
−17.5
(0.5)
−17.5
(0.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 275.8
(10.86)
146.1
(5.75)
174.3
(6.86)
144.1
(5.67)
132.5
(5.22)
90.0
(3.54)
59.4
(2.34)
63.3
(2.49)
82.5
(3.25)
189.0
(7.44)
308.2
(12.13)
236.7
(9.32)
1,901.9
(74.88)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 252.4
(9.94)
138.2
(5.44)
167.9
(6.61)
144.0
(5.67)
132.4
(5.21)
90.0
(3.54)
59.4
(2.34)
63.3
(2.49)
82.5
(3.25)
188.9
(7.44)
301.8
(11.88)
218.6
(8.61)
1,839.4
(72.42)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 11.1
(4.4)
23.4
(9.2)
6.4
(2.5)
0.1
(0.0)
0.1
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.0)
6.4
(2.5)
18.1
(7.1)
62.5
(24.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 21.0 15.4 20.0 17.7 16.0 13.4 9.0 8.1 9.1 16.8 21.3 20.5 188.1
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 19.9 14.6 19.4 17.7 16.0 13.4 9.0 8.1 9.1 16.8 20.9 19.1 184
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 4.1 2.0 1.6 0.05 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 1.3 3.6 12.75
Source: Environment Canada[2]
Climate data for Western Fraser Valley (Langley) (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15
(59)
18.5
(65.3)
20
(68)
24.4
(75.9)
34
(93)
40.0
(104.0)
35.6
(96.1)
36.1
(97.0)
33.3
(91.9)
27.5
(81.5)
19
(66)
16.1
(61.0)
40.0
(104.0)
Average high °C (°F) 5
(41)
7.6
(45.7)
10.5
(50.9)
13.3
(55.9)
16.8
(62.2)
19.3
(66.7)
22.6
(72.7)
22.8
(73.0)
19.6
(67.3)
14.1
(57.4)
8.1
(46.6)
5.3
(41.5)
13.8
(56.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.2
(36.0)
4.4
(39.9)
6.3
(43.3)
8.6
(47.5)
11.8
(53.2)
14.2
(57.6)
16.7
(62.1)
17.0
(62.6)
14.2
(57.6)
9.8
(49.6)
5.1
(41.2)
2.7
(36.9)
9.4
(49.0)
Average low °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9)
1.2
(34.2)
2.2
(36.0)
3.8
(38.8)
6.7
(44.1)
9.2
(48.6)
10.8
(51.4)
11.1
(52.0)
8.8
(47.8)
5.6
(42.1)
2.1
(35.8)
0.1
(32.2)
5.1
(41.2)
Record low °C (°F) −14
(7)
−12
(10)
−8.3
(17.1)
−2.8
(27.0)
−0.6
(30.9)
1.7
(35.1)
3.9
(39.0)
3.3
(37.9)
−1.7
(28.9)
−7
(19)
−16
(3)
−19.4
(−2.9)
−19.4
(−2.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 176
(6.9)
172.1
(6.78)
135.2
(5.32)
102.7
(4.04)
82.8
(3.26)
72.9
(2.87)
52.7
(2.07)
56.4
(2.22)
76.4
(3.01)
141
(5.6)
207.5
(8.17)
211.3
(8.32)
1,486.9
(58.54)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 153.0
(6.02)
156.4
(6.16)
131.4
(5.17)
102.1
(4.02)
82.8
(3.26)
72.9
(2.87)
52.7
(2.07)
56.4
(2.22)
76.4
(3.01)
140.7
(5.54)
200.8
(7.91)
193.4
(7.61)
1,419
(55.86)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 23.0
(9.1)
15.8
(6.2)
3.8
(1.5)
0.6
(0.2)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.3
(0.1)
6.7
(2.6)
17.9
(7.0)
68.1
(26.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 17.5 17.7 17.2 15.3 14.1 12.3 7.6 8.3 11.0 15.5 19.5 18.3 174.3
Average rainy days 15.5 16.3 16.9 15.3 14.1 12.3 7.6 8.3 11.0 15.5 18.8 16.5 168.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 3.3 2.2 1.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.2 3.1 11.1
Source: Environment Canada[3][4]
Climate data for Western Fraser Valley Abbotsford International Airport (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 18.8 20.0 24.8 31.2 39.5 49.8 46.2 43.4 40.1 31.2 21.0 18.9 49.8
Record high °C (°F) 18.1
(64.6)
20.6
(69.1)
24.9
(76.8)
29.8
(85.6)
36.0
(96.8)
42.9
(109.2)
38.0
(100.4)
36.3
(97.3)
37.5
(99.5)
29.3
(84.7)
22.4
(72.3)
18.2
(64.8)
42.9
(109.2)
Average high °C (°F) 6.7
(44.1)
9.0
(48.2)
11.6
(52.9)
14.7
(58.5)
18.1
(64.6)
20.8
(69.4)
24.0
(75.2)
24.4
(75.9)
21.3
(70.3)
15.0
(59.0)
9.3
(48.7)
5.9
(42.6)
15.1
(59.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5)
5.0
(41.0)
7.2
(45.0)
9.8
(49.6)
13.0
(55.4)
15.7
(60.3)
18.1
(64.6)
18.2
(64.8)
15.3
(59.5)
10.5
(50.9)
6.0
(42.8)
2.9
(37.2)
10.4
(50.7)
Average low °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7)
1.1
(34.0)
2.7
(36.9)
4.8
(40.6)
7.8
(46.0)
10.5
(50.9)
12.2
(54.0)
12.0
(53.6)
9.3
(48.7)
5.9
(42.6)
2.7
(36.9)
−0.1
(31.8)
5.8
(42.4)
Record low °C (°F) −21.1
(−6.0)
−18.9
(−2.0)
−12.8
(9.0)
−4.4
(24.1)
−2.2
(28.0)
1.1
(34.0)
2.2
(36.0)
3.3
(37.9)
−1.7
(28.9)
−7.5
(18.5)
−16.7
(1.9)
−20.0
(−4.0)
−21.1
(−6.0)
Record low wind chill −26.6 −29.6 −19.7 −7.3 −4 0.0 0.0 0.0 −5.4 −13.9 −27.6 −33.3 −33.3
Average precipitation mm (inches) 211.7
(8.33)
132.3
(5.21)
149.3
(5.88)
117.8
(4.64)
99.8
(3.93)
74.8
(2.94)
43.2
(1.70)
45.9
(1.81)
75.5
(2.97)
152.7
(6.01)
248.2
(9.77)
186.6
(7.35)
1,537.8
(60.54)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 193.6
(7.62)
123.4
(4.86)
144.9
(5.70)
117.1
(4.61)
99.8
(3.93)
74.8
(2.94)
43.2
(1.70)
45.9
(1.81)
75.5
(2.97)
152.7
(6.01)
241.5
(9.51)
170.9
(6.73)
1,483.3
(58.40)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 18.5
(7.3)
8.6
(3.4)
4.4
(1.7)
0.5
(0.2)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
6.7
(2.6)
16.5
(6.5)
55.2
(21.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 20.1 16.2 19.1 16.3 14.4 13.0 7.3 7.1 9.6 15.8 20.8 19.8 179.5
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 18.2 15.4 18.6 16.3 14.4 13.0 7.3 7.1 9.6 15.8 20.2 18.2 174.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 3.7 1.9 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 3.6 12.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 3pm) 73.3 62.9 59.9 56.0 56.5 57.1 54.5 53.2 56.4 66.1 74.3 74.5 62.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 68.3 99.0 131.5 171.5 208.7 213.7 276.7 263.2 201.9 122.6 64.7 64.9 1,886.7
Percent possible sunshine 25.2 34.6 35.7 41.8 44.1 44.2 56.7 59.1 53.3 36.5 23.4 25.2 40.0
Source: Environment Canada[5][6][7][8]

Central Fraser Valley

Climate data for Central Fraser Valley (Agassiz) (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.2
(63.0)
21.7
(71.1)
25.8
(78.4)
32.2
(90.0)
36.0
(96.8)
41.4
(106.5)
38.3
(100.9)
39.4
(102.9)
36.8
(98.2)
28.3
(82.9)
21.1
(70.0)
17.2
(63.0)
41.4
(106.5)
Average high °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2)
8.5
(47.3)
11.6
(52.9)
15.0
(59.0)
18.5
(65.3)
21.1
(70.0)
24.0
(75.2)
24.6
(76.3)
21.3
(70.3)
15.0
(59.0)
8.9
(48.0)
5.8
(42.4)
15.0
(59.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1)
5.1
(41.2)
7.5
(45.5)
10.4
(50.7)
13.6
(56.5)
16.2
(61.2)
18.5
(65.3)
18.7
(65.7)
15.9
(60.6)
11.0
(51.8)
6.1
(43.0)
3.2
(37.8)
10.8
(51.4)
Average low °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9)
1.6
(34.9)
3.4
(38.1)
5.6
(42.1)
8.8
(47.8)
11.3
(52.3)
12.8
(55.0)
12.8
(55.0)
10.3
(50.5)
6.9
(44.4)
3.2
(37.8)
0.5
(32.9)
6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) −25.0
(−13.0)
−24.4
(−11.9)
−14.4
(6.1)
−3.9
(25.0)
−1.1
(30.0)
1.7
(35.1)
3.3
(37.9)
1.7
(35.1)
−1.1
(30.0)
−8.5
(16.7)
−19.0
(−2.2)
−21.1
(−6.0)
−25.0
(−13.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 240.8
(9.48)
142.1
(5.59)
154.7
(6.09)
125.9
(4.96)
103.0
(4.06)
92.2
(3.63)
66.6
(2.62)
58.2
(2.29)
87.6
(3.45)
191.7
(7.55)
285.0
(11.22)
206.1
(8.11)
1,754.1
(69.06)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 220.8
(8.69)
131.1
(5.16)
148.8
(5.86)
125.5
(4.94)
103.0
(4.06)
92.2
(3.63)
66.6
(2.62)
58.2
(2.29)
87.6
(3.45)
191.6
(7.54)
275.8
(10.86)
187.7
(7.39)
1,688.9
(66.49)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 20.3
(8.0)
12.5
(4.9)
5.8
(2.3)
0.4
(0.2)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.2
(0.1)
9.2
(3.6)
19.0
(7.5)
67.4
(26.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 19.2 17.3 19.9 17.8 17.1 15.0 10.4 10.1 11.7 17.1 21.3 20.0 196.9
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 16.8 15.8 19.6 17.8 17.1 15.0 10.4 10.1 11.7 17.1 20.7 18.1 190.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 4.6 2.8 1.0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 1.3 3.9 13.87
Mean monthly sunshine hours 57.8 85.7 127.7 163.9 194.2 195.6 255.8 242.2 196.8 122.2 60.2 53.6 1,755.6
Source: Environment Canada[9][10][11]
Climate data for Central Fraser Valley (Chilliwack Airport) (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.3
(64.9)
20.6
(69.1)
25.8
(78.4)
32.2
(90.0)
34.5
(94.1)
43.7
(110.7)
38.0
(100.4)
39.4
(102.9)
36.5
(97.7)
27.8
(82.0)
21.1
(70.0)
19.0
(66.2)
43.7
(110.7)
Average high °C (°F) 6.1
(43.0)
8.8
(47.8)
11.8
(53.2)
15.8
(60.4)
19.1
(66.4)
21.7
(71.1)
25.0
(77.0)
25.3
(77.5)
22.3
(72.1)
15.3
(59.5)
9.3
(48.7)
6.0
(42.8)
15.5
(59.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9)
4.9
(40.8)
7.3
(45.1)
10.5
(50.9)
13.7
(56.7)
16.4
(61.5)
18.8
(65.8)
18.7
(65.7)
15.7
(60.3)
10.8
(51.4)
6.2
(43.2)
3.3
(37.9)
10.8
(51.4)
Average low °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7)
1.0
(33.8)
2.8
(37.0)
5.2
(41.4)
8.2
(46.8)
11.0
(51.8)
12.5
(54.5)
12.1
(53.8)
9.1
(48.4)
6.4
(43.5)
3.1
(37.6)
0.5
(32.9)
6.0
(42.8)
Record low °C (°F) −26.7
(−16.1)
−16.7
(1.9)
−14.4
(6.1)
−6.1
(21.0)
−1.7
(28.9)
1.1
(34.0)
3.3
(37.9)
2.8
(37.0)
−2.8
(27.0)
−7.2
(19.0)
−14.4
(6.1)
−21.7
(−7.1)
−26.7
(−16.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 233.5
(9.19)
125.8
(4.95)
154.7
(6.09)
116.3
(4.58)
93.1
(3.67)
91.7
(3.61)
48.1
(1.89)
56.7
(2.23)
75.2
(2.96)
178.5
(7.03)
283.8
(11.17)
210.1
(8.27)
1,667.5
(65.65)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 206.9
(8.15)
114.7
(4.52)
143.7
(5.66)
115.2
(4.54)
93.1
(3.67)
91.7
(3.61)
48.1
(1.89)
56.7
(2.23)
75.2
(2.96)
178.4
(7.02)
272.7
(10.74)
185.8
(7.31)
1,582.2
(62.29)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 26.6
(10.5)
11.2
(4.4)
11.0
(4.3)
1.1
(0.4)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.0)
11.2
(4.4)
24.3
(9.6)
85.3
(33.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 20.6 15.9 19.7 17.5 15.8 14.6 8.7 8.5 9.9 17.1 21.5 20.1 189.9
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 18.6 14.6 19.2 17.5 15.8 14.6 8.7 8.5 9.9 17.1 20.9 18.4 183.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 5.0 2.9 1.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.0 4.8 16.8
Source 1: [12]
Source 2: [13]

Eastern Fraser Valley

Climate data for Eastern Fraser Valley (Laidlaw), 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.5
(58.1)
18.5
(65.3)
25.0
(77.0)
30.5
(86.9)
37.5
(99.5)
35.0
(95.0)
38.0
(100.4)
37.5
(99.5)
36.5
(97.7)
28.5
(83.3)
17.5
(63.5)
13.5
(56.3)
38.0
(100.4)
Average high °C (°F) 4.6
(40.3)
7.5
(45.5)
11.4
(52.5)
15.2
(59.4)
18.5
(65.3)
21.2
(70.2)
24.3
(75.7)
25.0
(77.0)
21.3
(70.3)
14.3
(57.7)
7.7
(45.9)
4.2
(39.6)
14.6
(58.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.2
(36.0)
4.2
(39.6)
7.1
(44.8)
10.2
(50.4)
13.6
(56.5)
16.3
(61.3)
18.8
(65.8)
19.3
(66.7)
16.2
(61.2)
10.7
(51.3)
5.4
(41.7)
2.0
(35.6)
10.5
(50.9)
Average low °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5)
0.9
(33.6)
2.8
(37.0)
5.0
(41.0)
8.5
(47.3)
11.1
(52.0)
13.1
(55.6)
13.3
(55.9)
10.8
(51.4)
6.9
(44.4)
3.0
(37.4)
−0.3
(31.5)
6.2
(43.2)
Record low °C (°F) −17.0
(1.4)
−18.0
(−0.4)
−8.5
(16.7)
−1.5
(29.3)
0.5
(32.9)
5.0
(41.0)
7.0
(44.6)
7.5
(45.5)
3.0
(37.4)
−10.0
(14.0)
−20.5
(−4.9)
−18.0
(−0.4)
−20.5
(−4.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 287.6
(11.32)
194.3
(7.65)
201.2
(7.92)
166.6
(6.56)
131.8
(5.19)
113.8
(4.48)
84.7
(3.33)
64.2
(2.53)
104.7
(4.12)
229.6
(9.04)
352.7
(13.89)
255.8
(10.07)
2,186.8
(86.09)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 262.6
(10.34)
177.7
(7.00)
193.5
(7.62)
165.8
(6.53)
131.8
(5.19)
113.8
(4.48)
84.7
(3.33)
64.2
(2.53)
104.7
(4.12)
228.9
(9.01)
344.8
(13.57)
236.2
(9.30)
2,108.5
(83.01)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 24.9
(9.8)
16.6
(6.5)
7.7
(3.0)
0.8
(0.3)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.6
(0.2)
7.9
(3.1)
19.6
(7.7)
78.2
(30.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 20.7 16.7 19.9 18.0 17.1 14.5 10.5 8.8 11.2 17.5 21.2 18.0 194.2
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 18.2 15.2 19.5 18.0 17.1 14.5 10.5 8.8 11.2 17.4 20.7 16.0 187.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 4.5 2.8 1.1 0.31 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.15 1.5 3.9 14.26
Source: Environment Canada[9]
Climate data for Eastern Fraser Valley (Hope Airport), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1910–present[a]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0)
19.4
(66.9)
25.1
(77.2)
32.2
(90.0)
38.4
(101.1)
41.4
(106.5)
40.6
(105.1)
39.1
(102.4)
38.3
(100.9)
29.0
(84.2)
18.9
(66.0)
16.1
(61.0)
41.4
(106.5)
Average high °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5)
7.0
(44.6)
12.1
(53.8)
15.1
(59.2)
18.6
(65.5)
20.9
(69.6)
23.6
(74.5)
24.8
(76.6)
21.4
(70.5)
14.5
(58.1)
7.1
(44.8)
3.5
(38.3)
14.4
(57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8)
3.6
(38.5)
7.4
(45.3)
10.1
(50.2)
13.5
(56.3)
16.0
(60.8)
18.2
(64.8)
19.0
(66.2)
15.9
(60.6)
10.5
(50.9)
4.6
(40.3)
1.2
(34.2)
10.2
(50.4)
Average low °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3)
0.3
(32.5)
2.6
(36.7)
5.0
(41.0)
8.4
(47.1)
11.0
(51.8)
12.8
(55.0)
13.2
(55.8)
10.3
(50.5)
6.4
(43.5)
2.1
(35.8)
−1.0
(30.2)
5.9
(42.6)
Record low °C (°F) −25.0
(−13.0)
−23.3
(−9.9)
−16.7
(1.9)
−5.6
(21.9)
−2.8
(27.0)
1.1
(34.0)
3.3
(37.9)
1.1
(34.0)
−1.1
(30.0)
−11.2
(11.8)
−21.4
(−6.5)
−24.4
(−11.9)
−25.0
(−13.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 290.5
(11.44)
201.1
(7.92)
159.0
(6.26)
172.8
(6.80)
112.0
(4.41)
93.8
(3.69)
77.8
(3.06)
49.1
(1.93)
97.0
(3.82)
218.6
(8.61)
352.5
(13.88)
219.0
(8.62)
2,043.3
(80.44)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 265.9
(10.47)
182.1
(7.17)
154.3
(6.07)
171.7
(6.76)
112.0
(4.41)
93.8
(3.69)
77.8
(3.06)
49.1
(1.93)
97.0
(3.82)
217.4
(8.56)
339.0
(13.35)
195.2
(7.69)
1,955.2
(76.98)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 27.9
(11.0)
24.9
(9.8)
5.1
(2.0)
1.0
(0.4)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1.3
(0.5)
14.3
(5.6)
29.0
(11.4)
103.5
(40.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 18.9 15.9 17.5 18.2 16.3 13.9 10.5 8.1 10.3 15.7 21.6 17.7 184.6
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 16.7 13.7 17.2 18.2 16.3 13.9 10.5 8.1 10.2 15.6 20.8 14.9 176.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 5.6 4.0 1.4 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 2.9 6.3 20.9
Average relative humidity (%) 77.1 68.0 57.2 56.5 57.6 59.4 58.5 55.0 55.7 68.8 80.2 78.0 64.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 13.2 56.3 114.7 144.6 185.4 194.6 236.2 251.8 188.7 96.9 19.6 4.4 1,506.4
Percent possible sunshine 4.9 19.8 31.2 35.2 39.1 40.1 48.2 56.4 49.7 28.9 7.1 1.7 30.2
Source: Environment Canada[14][15]
  1. ^ Extreme high and low temperatures in the table below were recorded at Hope from March 1910 to December 1937 and at Hope Airport from January 1938 to present.

Demographics

Fraser Valley Regional District

Canada 2016 Census [17] Population % of total population (2016)
Visible minority group South Asian 39,920 13.8%
Chinese 3,660 1.2%
Black 2,495 0.9%
Filipino 2,700 0.9%
Latin American 2,050 0.7%
Arab 505 0.2%
Southeast Asian 2,285 0.8%
West Asian 355 0.1%
Korean 2,135 0.7%
Japanese 905 0.3%
Visible minority, n.i.e. 405 0.1%
Multiple visible minorities 1,110 0.4%
Total visible minority population 58,535 20.3%
European 202,095 70%
Aboriginal group 23,865 8.3%
Total population 288,765 100%

According to the 2011 Census, 76.47% of the Fraser Valley regional district in BC have English as mother tongue; Punjabi is the mother tongue of 10.02% of the population, followed by German (3.49%), Dutch (1.39%), French (1.07%), Korean (0.69%), Spanish (0.66%), Tagalog (0.35%), Chinese, n.o.s. (0.33%), and Vietnamese (0.30%).[18]

Mother tongue Population (2011) Percentage
English 209,130 76.47%
Punjabi 27,390 10.02%
German 9,540 3.49%
Dutch 3,790 1.39%
French 2,915 1.07%
Korean 1,880 0.69%
Spanish 1,810 0.66%
Tagalog (Filipino) 950 0.35%
Chinese, n.o.s. 890 0.33%
Vietnamese 820 0.30%

Modern land use

Today, the Fraser Valley has a mix of land uses, ranging from the urban and industrial centres of Vancouver, Surrey, and Abbotsford through golf courses and parks to dairy farms and market gardens.

Agricultural land in the valley – much of it protected by the Agricultural Land Reserve – is intensively farmed: the Fraser Valley brings in over half of British Columbia's annual agricultural revenue, although it makes up a small percentage of the province's total land area.[citation needed]

The Fraser Valley, specifically in Abbotsford, is the northernmost area of rice cultivation in the world.[19]

Air quality

As the valley population grows and traffic increases, air pollution becomes an increasingly important issue; various controversies have risen over the years (most recently over "Sumas 2", a defeated proposal for a power plant just south of the Canadian/USA border) as to whether or not air pollution is a problem, and if it is a problem, how this should be addressed.

Air quality monitoring has improved in recent years and it is now possible to compare BC communities on a variety of measures. Comparative data on four measures—fine particulate matter, ground-level ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide—shows the Fraser Valley to have better air quality than Vancouver on several measures. For example, Fraser Valley communities had less than half the levels of nitrogen dioxide, and were lower in fine particulate matter and sulphur dioxide (on the latter measure, Abbotsford and Chilliwack were among the lowest of all BC sites).[20]

In certain weather conditions during the summer, prevailing westerly winds blow air pollution from vehicles and from ships in Vancouver harbour east up the triangular delta, trapping it between the Coast Mountains on the north and the Cascades on the southeast. Air quality suffers. This usually occurs during a temperature inversion, and lasts for a few days. Ground-level ozone tends to be from local sources in the valley and varies with prevailing winds.[21] With prevailing winds from the northeast during the late fall and winter, air quality is seldom a problem.

Air quality in the Fraser Valley at times exceeds the Canada-Wide Standard (CWS) for ozone (at Hope) and is close to exceeding the CWS for Particulate Matter.[22]

Modern usage of the name

In colloquial usage, "Fraser Valley" usually refers only to that part of the valley beyond the continuously built-up urban area around Vancouver, up to and including Chilliwack and Agassiz, about 80 km east, and abutting the border with Washington's Whatcom County; news media typically also include the built-up eastern suburban areas of Vancouver which a few decades ago were mixed farmland and forest, typical of "the Valley". The Fraser Valley region is also the namesake of the Fraser Valley Regional District, though that consists of only about half of the actual Fraser Valley, and is made up of the municipalities and incorporated areas from Abbotsford and Mission eastwards to Hope. It also includes areas not in the Fraser Valley, particularly the lower Fraser Canyon from Boston Bar to Hope.

The term "Central Fraser Valley" refers to Mission and Abbotsford and is included within the Lower Fraser Valley. The Upper Fraser Valley means from Chilliwack and Agassiz to Hope. The phrases "Fraser Valley towns" and "Fraser River municipalities" include Delta and Richmond, though the colloquial "in the Valley" means from Surrey and Coquitlam eastwards.

The "Tidal Fraser area" is usually defined as the area of the Fraser from the mouth at the Pacific Ocean to the Mission bridge. Everything in between there is influenced greatly by ocean tides, including the largest tidal lake in North America, Pitt Lake.

Sociology

The south shore of the Central and Upper Fraser Valley is also known colloquially as the "Bible Belt" of British Columbia and is home to many of Canada's largest churches, notably the Mennonite Brethren and the Dutch Reformed Church, a reflection of the heavy settlement of the Valley by post-war Dutch and German immigrants, as well as the Canadian headquarters of many Christian/Evangelical para-church organisations such as Focus on the Family and Campus Crusade for Christ. Voters in south shore ridings typically elect right-wing candidates, while in ridings on the river's north side elections sway between left-wing and right-wing parties regularly.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Mass, Cliff (2008). The Weather of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-295-98847-4.
  2. ^ Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 Station Data – Climate – Environment and Climate Change Canada
  3. ^ Environment Canada—Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000, accessed July 10, 2009
  4. ^ "Historical Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada". 31 October 2011.
  5. ^ "Abbotsford A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  6. ^ . Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-03-13. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  7. ^ "Daily Data Report for November 2016". Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  8. ^ "Daily Data Report for June 2021". Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 at station AGASSIZ CDA". Environment Canada. 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2014-01-02.
  10. ^ "Historical Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada". 31 October 2011.
  11. ^ "Historical Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada". 31 October 2011.
  12. ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data". Environment Canada. 26 May 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
  13. ^ "Historical Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada". 31 October 2011.
  14. ^ "Hope A". Environment Canada. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  15. ^ "Hope Little Mountain". Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  16. ^ "Historical Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada". 31 October 2011.
  17. ^ Census Profile, 2016 Census: Fraser Valley, Regional district. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  18. ^ Census Profile Fraser Valley, RD British Columbia http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5909&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=fraser%20valley&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1
  19. ^ Tourism Abbotsford (2019) https://tourismabbotsford.ca/abbotsford-rice-paddies-thriving/ Retrieved on: 2020-02-06.
  20. ^ BC Lung Association (2010)Sixth Annual State of the Air Report 2007-08-11 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on: 2011-01-27.
  21. ^ Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (November 2006). [www.env.gov.bc.ca/epd/bcairquality/reports/pdfs/canada_pm_ozone.pdf Canada Wide Standards for PM and Ozone: Status of Jurisdictional Implementation Planning Activities – British Columbia]. Retrieved on 2011-01-27.
  22. ^

References

  • Arnett, T.C. 1976. The Chilliwack Valley Continuum: A Search for a Canadian Land Ethic. Unpublished Master's Thesis, UBC.
  • Carlson, K.T. (ed.) 2001. A Stó:lō-Coast Salish Historical Atlas. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.
  • Carlson, K.T. (ed.) 1996. You Are Asked To Witness: The Stó:lō in Canada's Pacific Coast History. Chilliwack: Stolo Heritage Trust.
  • Cherrington, J.A. 1992. The Fraser Valley: A History. Madeira Park, B.C.: Harbour Publishing.
  • Cook, D. 1978. Early Settlement in the Chilliwack Valley. Unpublished research paper, UBC.
  • Demeritt, D. 1995–96. Visions of Agriculture in British Columbia. BC Studies 108, 29–59.
  • Harris, C. 1997. The Resettlement of British Columbia. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Oliver, J. 2006. A View From the Ground: Understanding the 'Place' of the Fraser Valley in the Changing Contexts of a Colonial World 1792–1918. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Sheffield.
  • Ramsey, B. 1975. Five Corners, the story of Chilliwack. Chilliwack: Chilliwack Valley Historical Society.
  • Waite, D.E. 1977. The Langley Story illustrated: An Early History of The Municipality of Langley: Don Waite Publishing.
  • Wynn, G. & T.R. Oke (eds) 1992. Vancouver and Its Region. Vancouver: UBC Press.

fraser, valley, geographical, region, southwestern, british, columbia, canada, northwestern, washington, state, starts, just, west, hope, narrow, valley, encompassing, fraser, river, ends, pacific, ocean, stretching, from, north, shore, mountains, opposite, ci. The Fraser Valley is a geographical region in southwestern British Columbia Canada and northwestern Washington State It starts just west of Hope in a narrow valley encompassing the Fraser River and ends at the Pacific Ocean stretching from the North Shore Mountains opposite the city of Vancouver BC to just south of Bellingham Washington Fraser ValleyLandsat image of Fraser Valley Sediment deposited by the Fraser River is clearly visible to the west Coordinates 49 06 30 N 122 17 30 W 49 10833 N 122 29167 W 49 10833 122 29167 Coordinates 49 06 30 N 122 17 30 W 49 10833 N 122 29167 W 49 10833 122 29167LocationBritish Columbia CanadaPart ofFraser LowlandFormed byFraser RiverIn casual usage it typically describes the Fraser River basin downstream of the Fraser Canyon The term is sometimes used outside British Columbia to refer to the entire Fraser River sections including the Fraser Canyon and up from there to its headwaters but in general British Columbian usage the term refers to the stretch of Lower Mainland west of the Coquihalla River mouth at the inland town of Hope and includes all of the Canadian portion of the Fraser Lowland as well as the valleys and upland areas flanking it It is divided into the Upper Fraser Valley and Lower Fraser Valley by the Vedder River mouth at the eastern foothills of Sumas Mountain although the Lower Valley section upstream of McMillan Island and the Salmon River mouth at Fort Langley used to be called the Central Fraser Valley up until 1995 see Central Fraser Valley Regional District Administratively the Fraser Valley comprises parts of the regional districts of Metro Vancouver and the Fraser Valley Regional District The main population centres in the Fraser Valley are Greater Vancouver Abbotsford and Chilliwack Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Climate 3 1 Western Fraser Valley 3 2 Central Fraser Valley 3 3 Eastern Fraser Valley 4 Demographics 4 1 Fraser Valley Regional District 5 Modern land use 6 Air quality 7 Modern usage of the name 8 Sociology 9 See also 10 Notes 11 ReferencesHistory Edit Evolution of the Lower Fraser Valley from Langley to Harrison This section of the Fraser River is known by local indigenous peoples as Sto lo in the Halqemeylem language of the area and this term has been adopted to refer to all of the indigenous peoples of the Fraser Lowland other than the Squamish and Musqueam The indigenous peoples of the area have long made use of the river valley for agricultural and commercial exploits and continue to do so today These indigenous keepers of the land were not consulted in the Treaty of Oregon which saw the United States and Great Britain define and recognize each others claims to the area This overstepping of jurisdiction inevitably lead to conflict as Great Britain was incapable of exercising the control they claimed over the river valley As a wave of immigrants flooded into the Fraser River Valley because of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush the British were unable to maintain order without the cooperation of the local indigenous peoples and the Fraser Canyon War broke out The war was resolved with a series of treaties none of which remain to this day but which evidently included the regulation of immigration and the continuation of mining on the river by the indigenous inhabitants and the new immigrants This war was part of a series of local conflicts surrounding the arrival of settlers ahead of American and British capacity to maintain order and refusal to cooperate with or recognize indigenous land claims and demands These conflicts were pivotal in many aspects to the settlement of the West Coast in both Canada and the United States The interaction of indigenous peoples and settlers lead to the growth of Chinook Wawa a pidgin language that was used throughout the Fraser River Valley until the early 1900s Industrialization of the river began with the use of the traditional trade waterway by steamboats and eventually roads and railways were built fueled by and in turn fuelling further population growth Today the most important transportation through the region are the Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway transcontinental main lines the Lougheed Highway Hwy 7 and the Trans Canada Highway Hwy 1 Geography Edit Map showing the Fraser River and its major tributaries After descending through the rapids of the Fraser Canyon the Fraser River emerges almost at sea level at Yale over 100 km inland Although the canyon in geographic terms is defined as ending at Yale Hope is generally to be considered the southern end of the canyon partly because of the change in the character of the highway from that point and perhaps also because it is at Hope that the first floodplains typifying the course of the Lower Fraser are found Downstream from Hope the river and adjoining floodplains widen considerably in the area of Rosedale Chilliwack and Agassiz which is considered the head of the Fraser Delta From there the river passes through some of the most fertile agricultural land in British Columbia as well as the heart of the Metro Vancouver region on its way through the valley to its mouth at Georgia Strait During the last ice age the area that would become the Fraser Valley was covered by a sheet of ice walled in by the surrounding mountains As the ice receded land that had been covered by glaciers became covered by water instead then slowly rose above the water forming the basin that exists today The valley is the largest landform of the Lower Mainland ecoregion with its delta considered to begin in the area of Agassiz and Chilliwack although stretches of floodplain flank the mountainsides between there and Hope Several of the Fraser s lower tributaries have floodplains of their own shared in common with the Fraser freshet Of varying size these include the Harrison River Chilliwack River Vedder River Hatzic Creek and Hatzic Lake the Stave Alouette Pitt and Coquitlam Rivers Also incorporated in the Fraser delta region are the Nicomekl and Serpentine River floodplains and the Sumas River drainage which flow to saltwater independently of the Fraser but help drain its lowland The Fraser is tidal as far upstream as the town of Mission and across the river the City of Abbotsford which is at the Fraser s closest approach to the international boundary about 6 miles north of Sumas Washington Pitt Lake one of the Fraser s last tributaries and among its largest is so low in elevation despite its mountain setting that it is one of the largest tidal freshwater lakes in the world Oxbow lakes and side sloughs are a common feature of the Lower Fraser s geography The two main oxbows are those of Hatzic Lake and the Stave River on opposite sides of Mission although that of the Stave has been silted in and part of it drained for a man made lake Around Fort Langley is an oxbow formation mostly swamped in at the time of the fort s foundation which was drained and made part of the fort s farm and remains farmland today The system of sloughs and side channels of the river is complicated but important sloughs include those around Nicomen Island Sea Bird Island and flanking the river from Rosedale to Sumas Mountain on the western side of Chilliwack Panoramic view of Fraser River and valley as seen from the grounds of Westminster Abbey above Hatzic in Mission British Columbia Panoramic view of the Fraser Valley as seen from eastern Abbotsford looking northwest showing the District of Mission which lies across the river from this viewpointClimate EditIn winter the Fraser Valley occasionally plays a significant role in the weather regime along the west coast of North America as far south as California acting as a natural outlet for the intensely cold Arctic air mass which typically sits over Western Canada during winter Under certain meteorological conditions strong winds pour out of the Fraser Valley and over the relatively warmer waters of the Strait of Georgia and the Strait of Juan de Fuca This can cause ocean effect snow especially between Port Angeles and Sequim where the air mass collides with the Olympic Mountains 1 The cold air from the Fraser Valley can also flow out over the Pacific Ocean Lanes of convective ocean effect clouds and showers are produced as heat and moisture modify the very dry frigid air mass These then typically organize as a low pressure system which returns the showers to the coast south of Canada often bringing snow to unusually low elevations Western Fraser Valley Edit Climate data for Western Fraser Valley Maple Ridge Kanaka Creek 1981 2010 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 14 5 58 1 20 0 68 0 25 5 77 9 29 5 85 1 31 0 87 8 34 0 93 2 36 5 97 7 34 5 94 1 35 5 95 9 27 5 81 5 16 0 60 8 13 5 56 3 36 5 97 7 Average high C F 5 0 41 0 7 8 46 0 10 9 51 6 14 9 58 8 17 9 64 2 20 5 68 9 23 8 74 8 24 1 75 4 21 1 70 0 14 1 57 4 8 1 46 6 4 6 40 3 14 4 57 9 Daily mean C F 2 5 36 5 4 0 39 2 6 5 43 7 9 6 49 3 12 5 54 5 15 2 59 4 17 7 63 9 17 8 64 0 15 0 59 0 10 0 50 0 5 4 41 7 2 4 36 3 9 9 49 8 Average low C F 0 0 32 0 0 1 32 2 1 9 35 4 4 3 39 7 7 1 44 8 9 9 49 8 11 7 53 1 11 6 52 9 8 9 48 0 5 9 42 6 2 8 37 0 0 2 32 4 5 4 41 7 Record low C F 17 1 13 5 7 7 9 16 2 5 27 5 1 30 2 5 36 5 5 0 41 0 5 0 41 0 1 0 33 8 6 21 13 9 17 5 0 5 17 5 0 5 Average precipitation mm inches 275 8 10 86 146 1 5 75 174 3 6 86 144 1 5 67 132 5 5 22 90 0 3 54 59 4 2 34 63 3 2 49 82 5 3 25 189 0 7 44 308 2 12 13 236 7 9 32 1 901 9 74 88 Average rainfall mm inches 252 4 9 94 138 2 5 44 167 9 6 61 144 0 5 67 132 4 5 21 90 0 3 54 59 4 2 34 63 3 2 49 82 5 3 25 188 9 7 44 301 8 11 88 218 6 8 61 1 839 4 72 42 Average snowfall cm inches 11 1 4 4 23 4 9 2 6 4 2 5 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 4 2 5 18 1 7 1 62 5 24 6 Average precipitation days 0 2 mm 21 0 15 4 20 0 17 7 16 0 13 4 9 0 8 1 9 1 16 8 21 3 20 5 188 1Average rainy days 0 2 mm 19 9 14 6 19 4 17 7 16 0 13 4 9 0 8 1 9 1 16 8 20 9 19 1 184Average snowy days 0 2 cm 4 1 2 0 1 6 0 05 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 1 3 3 6 12 75Source Environment Canada 2 Climate data for Western Fraser Valley Langley 1971 2000 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 59 18 5 65 3 20 68 24 4 75 9 34 93 40 0 104 0 35 6 96 1 36 1 97 0 33 3 91 9 27 5 81 5 19 66 16 1 61 0 40 0 104 0 Average high C F 5 41 7 6 45 7 10 5 50 9 13 3 55 9 16 8 62 2 19 3 66 7 22 6 72 7 22 8 73 0 19 6 67 3 14 1 57 4 8 1 46 6 5 3 41 5 13 8 56 7 Daily mean C F 2 2 36 0 4 4 39 9 6 3 43 3 8 6 47 5 11 8 53 2 14 2 57 6 16 7 62 1 17 0 62 6 14 2 57 6 9 8 49 6 5 1 41 2 2 7 36 9 9 4 49 0 Average low C F 0 6 30 9 1 2 34 2 2 2 36 0 3 8 38 8 6 7 44 1 9 2 48 6 10 8 51 4 11 1 52 0 8 8 47 8 5 6 42 1 2 1 35 8 0 1 32 2 5 1 41 2 Record low C F 14 7 12 10 8 3 17 1 2 8 27 0 0 6 30 9 1 7 35 1 3 9 39 0 3 3 37 9 1 7 28 9 7 19 16 3 19 4 2 9 19 4 2 9 Average precipitation mm inches 176 6 9 172 1 6 78 135 2 5 32 102 7 4 04 82 8 3 26 72 9 2 87 52 7 2 07 56 4 2 22 76 4 3 01 141 5 6 207 5 8 17 211 3 8 32 1 486 9 58 54 Average rainfall mm inches 153 0 6 02 156 4 6 16 131 4 5 17 102 1 4 02 82 8 3 26 72 9 2 87 52 7 2 07 56 4 2 22 76 4 3 01 140 7 5 54 200 8 7 91 193 4 7 61 1 419 55 86 Average snowfall cm inches 23 0 9 1 15 8 6 2 3 8 1 5 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 6 7 2 6 17 9 7 0 68 1 26 7 Average precipitation days 0 2 mm 17 5 17 7 17 2 15 3 14 1 12 3 7 6 8 3 11 0 15 5 19 5 18 3 174 3Average rainy days 15 5 16 3 16 9 15 3 14 1 12 3 7 6 8 3 11 0 15 5 18 8 16 5 168 1Average snowy days 0 2 cm 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 1 11 1Source Environment Canada 3 4 Climate data for Western Fraser Valley Abbotsford International Airport 1981 2010 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high humidex 18 8 20 0 24 8 31 2 39 5 49 8 46 2 43 4 40 1 31 2 21 0 18 9 49 8Record high C F 18 1 64 6 20 6 69 1 24 9 76 8 29 8 85 6 36 0 96 8 42 9 109 2 38 0 100 4 36 3 97 3 37 5 99 5 29 3 84 7 22 4 72 3 18 2 64 8 42 9 109 2 Average high C F 6 7 44 1 9 0 48 2 11 6 52 9 14 7 58 5 18 1 64 6 20 8 69 4 24 0 75 2 24 4 75 9 21 3 70 3 15 0 59 0 9 3 48 7 5 9 42 6 15 1 59 2 Daily mean C F 3 6 38 5 5 0 41 0 7 2 45 0 9 8 49 6 13 0 55 4 15 7 60 3 18 1 64 6 18 2 64 8 15 3 59 5 10 5 50 9 6 0 42 8 2 9 37 2 10 4 50 7 Average low C F 0 4 32 7 1 1 34 0 2 7 36 9 4 8 40 6 7 8 46 0 10 5 50 9 12 2 54 0 12 0 53 6 9 3 48 7 5 9 42 6 2 7 36 9 0 1 31 8 5 8 42 4 Record low C F 21 1 6 0 18 9 2 0 12 8 9 0 4 4 24 1 2 2 28 0 1 1 34 0 2 2 36 0 3 3 37 9 1 7 28 9 7 5 18 5 16 7 1 9 20 0 4 0 21 1 6 0 Record low wind chill 26 6 29 6 19 7 7 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 13 9 27 6 33 3 33 3Average precipitation mm inches 211 7 8 33 132 3 5 21 149 3 5 88 117 8 4 64 99 8 3 93 74 8 2 94 43 2 1 70 45 9 1 81 75 5 2 97 152 7 6 01 248 2 9 77 186 6 7 35 1 537 8 60 54 Average rainfall mm inches 193 6 7 62 123 4 4 86 144 9 5 70 117 1 4 61 99 8 3 93 74 8 2 94 43 2 1 70 45 9 1 81 75 5 2 97 152 7 6 01 241 5 9 51 170 9 6 73 1 483 3 58 40 Average snowfall cm inches 18 5 7 3 8 6 3 4 4 4 1 7 0 5 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 2 6 16 5 6 5 55 2 21 7 Average precipitation days 0 2 mm 20 1 16 2 19 1 16 3 14 4 13 0 7 3 7 1 9 6 15 8 20 8 19 8 179 5Average rainy days 0 2 mm 18 2 15 4 18 6 16 3 14 4 13 0 7 3 7 1 9 6 15 8 20 2 18 2 174 1Average snowy days 0 2 cm 3 7 1 9 1 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 6 12 2Average relative humidity at 3pm 73 3 62 9 59 9 56 0 56 5 57 1 54 5 53 2 56 4 66 1 74 3 74 5 62 1Mean monthly sunshine hours 68 3 99 0 131 5 171 5 208 7 213 7 276 7 263 2 201 9 122 6 64 7 64 9 1 886 7Percent possible sunshine 25 2 34 6 35 7 41 8 44 1 44 2 56 7 59 1 53 3 36 5 23 4 25 2 40 0Source Environment Canada 5 6 7 8 Central Fraser Valley Edit Climate data for Central Fraser Valley Agassiz 1981 2010 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 17 2 63 0 21 7 71 1 25 8 78 4 32 2 90 0 36 0 96 8 41 4 106 5 38 3 100 9 39 4 102 9 36 8 98 2 28 3 82 9 21 1 70 0 17 2 63 0 41 4 106 5 Average high C F 6 2 43 2 8 5 47 3 11 6 52 9 15 0 59 0 18 5 65 3 21 1 70 0 24 0 75 2 24 6 76 3 21 3 70 3 15 0 59 0 8 9 48 0 5 8 42 4 15 0 59 0 Daily mean C F 3 4 38 1 5 1 41 2 7 5 45 5 10 4 50 7 13 6 56 5 16 2 61 2 18 5 65 3 18 7 65 7 15 9 60 6 11 0 51 8 6 1 43 0 3 2 37 8 10 8 51 4 Average low C F 0 5 32 9 1 6 34 9 3 4 38 1 5 6 42 1 8 8 47 8 11 3 52 3 12 8 55 0 12 8 55 0 10 3 50 5 6 9 44 4 3 2 37 8 0 5 32 9 6 5 43 7 Record low C F 25 0 13 0 24 4 11 9 14 4 6 1 3 9 25 0 1 1 30 0 1 7 35 1 3 3 37 9 1 7 35 1 1 1 30 0 8 5 16 7 19 0 2 2 21 1 6 0 25 0 13 0 Average precipitation mm inches 240 8 9 48 142 1 5 59 154 7 6 09 125 9 4 96 103 0 4 06 92 2 3 63 66 6 2 62 58 2 2 29 87 6 3 45 191 7 7 55 285 0 11 22 206 1 8 11 1 754 1 69 06 Average rainfall mm inches 220 8 8 69 131 1 5 16 148 8 5 86 125 5 4 94 103 0 4 06 92 2 3 63 66 6 2 62 58 2 2 29 87 6 3 45 191 6 7 54 275 8 10 86 187 7 7 39 1 688 9 66 49 Average snowfall cm inches 20 3 8 0 12 5 4 9 5 8 2 3 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 9 2 3 6 19 0 7 5 67 4 26 6 Average precipitation days 0 2 mm 19 2 17 3 19 9 17 8 17 1 15 0 10 4 10 1 11 7 17 1 21 3 20 0 196 9Average rainy days 0 2 mm 16 8 15 8 19 6 17 8 17 1 15 0 10 4 10 1 11 7 17 1 20 7 18 1 190 1Average snowy days 0 2 cm 4 6 2 8 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 1 3 3 9 13 87Mean monthly sunshine hours 57 8 85 7 127 7 163 9 194 2 195 6 255 8 242 2 196 8 122 2 60 2 53 6 1 755 6Source Environment Canada 9 10 11 Climate data for Central Fraser Valley Chilliwack Airport 1981 2010 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 18 3 64 9 20 6 69 1 25 8 78 4 32 2 90 0 34 5 94 1 43 7 110 7 38 0 100 4 39 4 102 9 36 5 97 7 27 8 82 0 21 1 70 0 19 0 66 2 43 7 110 7 Average high C F 6 1 43 0 8 8 47 8 11 8 53 2 15 8 60 4 19 1 66 4 21 7 71 1 25 0 77 0 25 3 77 5 22 3 72 1 15 3 59 5 9 3 48 7 6 0 42 8 15 5 59 9 Daily mean C F 3 3 37 9 4 9 40 8 7 3 45 1 10 5 50 9 13 7 56 7 16 4 61 5 18 8 65 8 18 7 65 7 15 7 60 3 10 8 51 4 6 2 43 2 3 3 37 9 10 8 51 4 Average low C F 0 4 32 7 1 0 33 8 2 8 37 0 5 2 41 4 8 2 46 8 11 0 51 8 12 5 54 5 12 1 53 8 9 1 48 4 6 4 43 5 3 1 37 6 0 5 32 9 6 0 42 8 Record low C F 26 7 16 1 16 7 1 9 14 4 6 1 6 1 21 0 1 7 28 9 1 1 34 0 3 3 37 9 2 8 37 0 2 8 27 0 7 2 19 0 14 4 6 1 21 7 7 1 26 7 16 1 Average precipitation mm inches 233 5 9 19 125 8 4 95 154 7 6 09 116 3 4 58 93 1 3 67 91 7 3 61 48 1 1 89 56 7 2 23 75 2 2 96 178 5 7 03 283 8 11 17 210 1 8 27 1 667 5 65 65 Average rainfall mm inches 206 9 8 15 114 7 4 52 143 7 5 66 115 2 4 54 93 1 3 67 91 7 3 61 48 1 1 89 56 7 2 23 75 2 2 96 178 4 7 02 272 7 10 74 185 8 7 31 1 582 2 62 29 Average snowfall cm inches 26 6 10 5 11 2 4 4 11 0 4 3 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 11 2 4 4 24 3 9 6 85 3 33 6 Average precipitation days 0 2 mm 20 6 15 9 19 7 17 5 15 8 14 6 8 7 8 5 9 9 17 1 21 5 20 1 189 9Average rainy days 0 2 mm 18 6 14 6 19 2 17 5 15 8 14 6 8 7 8 5 9 9 17 1 20 9 18 4 183 8Average snowy days 0 2 cm 5 0 2 9 1 9 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 4 8 16 8Source 1 12 Source 2 13 Eastern Fraser Valley Edit Climate data for Eastern Fraser Valley Laidlaw 1981 2010 normalsMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 14 5 58 1 18 5 65 3 25 0 77 0 30 5 86 9 37 5 99 5 35 0 95 0 38 0 100 4 37 5 99 5 36 5 97 7 28 5 83 3 17 5 63 5 13 5 56 3 38 0 100 4 Average high C F 4 6 40 3 7 5 45 5 11 4 52 5 15 2 59 4 18 5 65 3 21 2 70 2 24 3 75 7 25 0 77 0 21 3 70 3 14 3 57 7 7 7 45 9 4 2 39 6 14 6 58 3 Daily mean C F 2 2 36 0 4 2 39 6 7 1 44 8 10 2 50 4 13 6 56 5 16 3 61 3 18 8 65 8 19 3 66 7 16 2 61 2 10 7 51 3 5 4 41 7 2 0 35 6 10 5 50 9 Average low C F 0 3 31 5 0 9 33 6 2 8 37 0 5 0 41 0 8 5 47 3 11 1 52 0 13 1 55 6 13 3 55 9 10 8 51 4 6 9 44 4 3 0 37 4 0 3 31 5 6 2 43 2 Record low C F 17 0 1 4 18 0 0 4 8 5 16 7 1 5 29 3 0 5 32 9 5 0 41 0 7 0 44 6 7 5 45 5 3 0 37 4 10 0 14 0 20 5 4 9 18 0 0 4 20 5 4 9 Average precipitation mm inches 287 6 11 32 194 3 7 65 201 2 7 92 166 6 6 56 131 8 5 19 113 8 4 48 84 7 3 33 64 2 2 53 104 7 4 12 229 6 9 04 352 7 13 89 255 8 10 07 2 186 8 86 09 Average rainfall mm inches 262 6 10 34 177 7 7 00 193 5 7 62 165 8 6 53 131 8 5 19 113 8 4 48 84 7 3 33 64 2 2 53 104 7 4 12 228 9 9 01 344 8 13 57 236 2 9 30 2 108 5 83 01 Average snowfall cm inches 24 9 9 8 16 6 6 5 7 7 3 0 0 8 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 2 7 9 3 1 19 6 7 7 78 2 30 8 Average precipitation days 0 2 mm 20 7 16 7 19 9 18 0 17 1 14 5 10 5 8 8 11 2 17 5 21 2 18 0 194 2Average rainy days 0 2 mm 18 2 15 2 19 5 18 0 17 1 14 5 10 5 8 8 11 2 17 4 20 7 16 0 187 1Average snowy days 0 2 cm 4 5 2 8 1 1 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 1 5 3 9 14 26Source Environment Canada 9 Climate data for Eastern Fraser Valley Hope Airport 1981 2010 normals extremes 1910 present a Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 0 59 0 19 4 66 9 25 1 77 2 32 2 90 0 38 4 101 1 41 4 106 5 40 6 105 1 39 1 102 4 38 3 100 9 29 0 84 2 18 9 66 0 16 1 61 0 41 4 106 5 Average high C F 4 7 40 5 7 0 44 6 12 1 53 8 15 1 59 2 18 6 65 5 20 9 69 6 23 6 74 5 24 8 76 6 21 4 70 5 14 5 58 1 7 1 44 8 3 5 38 3 14 4 57 9 Daily mean C F 2 1 35 8 3 6 38 5 7 4 45 3 10 1 50 2 13 5 56 3 16 0 60 8 18 2 64 8 19 0 66 2 15 9 60 6 10 5 50 9 4 6 40 3 1 2 34 2 10 2 50 4 Average low C F 0 4 31 3 0 3 32 5 2 6 36 7 5 0 41 0 8 4 47 1 11 0 51 8 12 8 55 0 13 2 55 8 10 3 50 5 6 4 43 5 2 1 35 8 1 0 30 2 5 9 42 6 Record low C F 25 0 13 0 23 3 9 9 16 7 1 9 5 6 21 9 2 8 27 0 1 1 34 0 3 3 37 9 1 1 34 0 1 1 30 0 11 2 11 8 21 4 6 5 24 4 11 9 25 0 13 0 Average precipitation mm inches 290 5 11 44 201 1 7 92 159 0 6 26 172 8 6 80 112 0 4 41 93 8 3 69 77 8 3 06 49 1 1 93 97 0 3 82 218 6 8 61 352 5 13 88 219 0 8 62 2 043 3 80 44 Average rainfall mm inches 265 9 10 47 182 1 7 17 154 3 6 07 171 7 6 76 112 0 4 41 93 8 3 69 77 8 3 06 49 1 1 93 97 0 3 82 217 4 8 56 339 0 13 35 195 2 7 69 1 955 2 76 98 Average snowfall cm inches 27 9 11 0 24 9 9 8 5 1 2 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 5 14 3 5 6 29 0 11 4 103 5 40 7 Average precipitation days 0 2 mm 18 9 15 9 17 5 18 2 16 3 13 9 10 5 8 1 10 3 15 7 21 6 17 7 184 6Average rainy days 0 2 mm 16 7 13 7 17 2 18 2 16 3 13 9 10 5 8 1 10 2 15 6 20 8 14 9 176 1Average snowy days 0 2 cm 5 6 4 0 1 4 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 9 6 3 20 9Average relative humidity 77 1 68 0 57 2 56 5 57 6 59 4 58 5 55 0 55 7 68 8 80 2 78 0 64 3Mean monthly sunshine hours 13 2 56 3 114 7 144 6 185 4 194 6 236 2 251 8 188 7 96 9 19 6 4 4 1 506 4Percent possible sunshine 4 9 19 8 31 2 35 2 39 1 40 1 48 2 56 4 49 7 28 9 7 1 1 7 30 2Source Environment Canada 14 15 Extreme high and low temperatures in the table below were recorded at Hope from March 1910 to December 1937 and at Hope Airport from January 1938 to present Demographics EditFraser Valley Regional District Edit Canada 2016 Census 17 Population of total population 2016 Visible minority group South Asian 39 920 13 8 Chinese 3 660 1 2 Black 2 495 0 9 Filipino 2 700 0 9 Latin American 2 050 0 7 Arab 505 0 2 Southeast Asian 2 285 0 8 West Asian 355 0 1 Korean 2 135 0 7 Japanese 905 0 3 Visible minority n i e 405 0 1 Multiple visible minorities 1 110 0 4 Total visible minority population 58 535 20 3 European 202 095 70 Aboriginal group 23 865 8 3 Total population 288 765 100 According to the 2011 Census 76 47 of the Fraser Valley regional district in BC have English as mother tongue Punjabi is the mother tongue of 10 02 of the population followed by German 3 49 Dutch 1 39 French 1 07 Korean 0 69 Spanish 0 66 Tagalog 0 35 Chinese n o s 0 33 and Vietnamese 0 30 18 Mother tongue Population 2011 PercentageEnglish 209 130 76 47 Punjabi 27 390 10 02 German 9 540 3 49 Dutch 3 790 1 39 French 2 915 1 07 Korean 1 880 0 69 Spanish 1 810 0 66 Tagalog Filipino 950 0 35 Chinese n o s 890 0 33 Vietnamese 820 0 30 Modern land use EditToday the Fraser Valley has a mix of land uses ranging from the urban and industrial centres of Vancouver Surrey and Abbotsford through golf courses and parks to dairy farms and market gardens Agricultural land in the valley much of it protected by the Agricultural Land Reserve is intensively farmed the Fraser Valley brings in over half of British Columbia s annual agricultural revenue although it makes up a small percentage of the province s total land area citation needed The Fraser Valley specifically in Abbotsford is the northernmost area of rice cultivation in the world 19 Air quality EditAs the valley population grows and traffic increases air pollution becomes an increasingly important issue various controversies have risen over the years most recently over Sumas 2 a defeated proposal for a power plant just south of the Canadian USA border as to whether or not air pollution is a problem and if it is a problem how this should be addressed Air quality monitoring has improved in recent years and it is now possible to compare BC communities on a variety of measures Comparative data on four measures fine particulate matter ground level ozone nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide shows the Fraser Valley to have better air quality than Vancouver on several measures For example Fraser Valley communities had less than half the levels of nitrogen dioxide and were lower in fine particulate matter and sulphur dioxide on the latter measure Abbotsford and Chilliwack were among the lowest of all BC sites 20 In certain weather conditions during the summer prevailing westerly winds blow air pollution from vehicles and from ships in Vancouver harbour east up the triangular delta trapping it between the Coast Mountains on the north and the Cascades on the southeast Air quality suffers This usually occurs during a temperature inversion and lasts for a few days Ground level ozone tends to be from local sources in the valley and varies with prevailing winds 21 With prevailing winds from the northeast during the late fall and winter air quality is seldom a problem Air quality in the Fraser Valley at times exceeds the Canada Wide Standard CWS for ozone at Hope and is close to exceeding the CWS for Particulate Matter 22 Modern usage of the name EditIn colloquial usage Fraser Valley usually refers only to that part of the valley beyond the continuously built up urban area around Vancouver up to and including Chilliwack and Agassiz about 80 km east and abutting the border with Washington s Whatcom County news media typically also include the built up eastern suburban areas of Vancouver which a few decades ago were mixed farmland and forest typical of the Valley The Fraser Valley region is also the namesake of the Fraser Valley Regional District though that consists of only about half of the actual Fraser Valley and is made up of the municipalities and incorporated areas from Abbotsford and Mission eastwards to Hope It also includes areas not in the Fraser Valley particularly the lower Fraser Canyon from Boston Bar to Hope The term Central Fraser Valley refers to Mission and Abbotsford and is included within the Lower Fraser Valley The Upper Fraser Valley means from Chilliwack and Agassiz to Hope The phrases Fraser Valley towns and Fraser River municipalities include Delta and Richmond though the colloquial in the Valley means from Surrey and Coquitlam eastwards The Tidal Fraser area is usually defined as the area of the Fraser from the mouth at the Pacific Ocean to the Mission bridge Everything in between there is influenced greatly by ocean tides including the largest tidal lake in North America Pitt Lake Sociology EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2010 This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed October 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The south shore of the Central and Upper Fraser Valley is also known colloquially as the Bible Belt of British Columbia and is home to many of Canada s largest churches notably the Mennonite Brethren and the Dutch Reformed Church a reflection of the heavy settlement of the Valley by post war Dutch and German immigrants as well as the Canadian headquarters of many Christian Evangelical para church organisations such as Focus on the Family and Campus Crusade for Christ Voters in south shore ridings typically elect right wing candidates while in ridings on the river s north side elections sway between left wing and right wing parties regularly See also Edit Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fraser Valley Air pollution in British ColumbiaNotes Edit Mass Cliff 2008 The Weather of the Pacific Northwest University of Washington Press p 60 ISBN 978 0 295 98847 4 Canadian Climate Normals 1981 2010 Station Data Climate Environment and Climate Change Canada Environment Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1971 2000 accessed July 10 2009 Historical Data Climate Environment and Climate Change Canada 31 October 2011 Abbotsford A Canadian Climate Normals 1981 2010 Environment Canada 31 October 2011 Retrieved May 14 2014 ABBOTSFORD A Environment Canada Archived from the original on 2020 03 13 Retrieved July 15 2015 Daily Data Report for November 2016 Environment Canada 31 October 2011 Retrieved November 15 2016 Daily Data Report for June 2021 Environment Canada 31 October 2011 Retrieved June 28 2021 a b Canadian Climate Normals 1981 2010 at station AGASSIZ CDA Environment Canada 2013 07 01 Retrieved 2014 01 02 Historical Data Climate Environment and Climate Change Canada 31 October 2011 Historical Data Climate Environment and Climate Change Canada 31 October 2011 Canadian Climate Normals 1981 2010 Station Data Environment Canada 26 May 2016 Retrieved May 26 2016 Historical Data Climate Environment and Climate Change Canada 31 October 2011 Hope A Environment Canada Retrieved 1 March 2017 Hope Little Mountain Environment Canada 31 October 2011 Retrieved 1 March 2017 Historical Data Climate Environment and Climate Change Canada 31 October 2011 Census Profile 2016 Census Fraser Valley Regional district Statistics Canada Retrieved 27 July 2018 Census Profile Fraser Valley RD British Columbia http www12 statcan gc ca census recensement 2011 dp pd prof details page cfm Lang E amp Geo1 CD amp Code1 5909 amp Geo2 PR amp Code2 01 amp Data Count amp SearchText fraser 20valley amp SearchType Begins amp SearchPR 01 amp B1 All amp Custom amp TABID 1 Tourism Abbotsford 2019 https tourismabbotsford ca abbotsford rice paddies thriving Retrieved on 2020 02 06 BC Lung Association 2010 Sixth Annual State of the Air Report Archived 2007 08 11 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2011 01 27 Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment November 2006 www env gov bc ca epd bcairquality reports pdfs canada pm ozone pdf Canada Wide Standards for PM and Ozone Status of Jurisdictional Implementation Planning Activities British Columbia Retrieved on 2011 01 27 canada comReferences EditArnett T C 1976 The Chilliwack Valley Continuum A Search for a Canadian Land Ethic Unpublished Master s Thesis UBC Carlson K T ed 2001 A Sto lō Coast Salish Historical Atlas Vancouver Douglas amp McIntyre Carlson K T ed 1996 You Are Asked To Witness The Sto lō in Canada s Pacific Coast History Chilliwack Stolo Heritage Trust Cherrington J A 1992 The Fraser Valley A History Madeira Park B C Harbour Publishing Cook D 1978 Early Settlement in the Chilliwack Valley Unpublished research paper UBC Demeritt D 1995 96 Visions of Agriculture in British Columbia BC Studies 108 29 59 Harris C 1997 The Resettlement of British Columbia Vancouver UBC Press Oliver J 2006 A View From the Ground Understanding the Place of the Fraser Valley in the Changing Contexts of a Colonial World 1792 1918 Unpublished PhD Dissertation University of Sheffield Ramsey B 1975 Five Corners the story of Chilliwack Chilliwack Chilliwack Valley Historical Society Waite D E 1977 The Langley Story illustrated An Early History of The Municipality of Langley Don Waite Publishing Wynn G amp T R Oke eds 1992 Vancouver and Its Region Vancouver UBC Press Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fraser Valley amp 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