At the end of his career he worked with the architect Fernando Higueras, designing inverted umbrellas with 12-meter cantilevers,[2] and with the young and innovative Emilio Pérez Piñero [es].[3]
Felix Candela was born in Madrid, Spain in 1910. In 1927 Candela enrolled in La Escuela Superior de Arquitectura (Madrid Superior Technical School of Architecture), graduating in 1935; at which time Candela traveled to Germany[citation needed] to further study architecture. Early after he started classes, he developed a very keen sense of geometry and started teaching other students in private lessons. In his junior year, his visual intelligence and his descriptive geometric and trigonometric talent helped him catch the eye of Luis Vegas. Vegas was his material strength professor, and gave Candela the honorary title of "Luis Vegas’ Helper". While "helping" Vegas, Candela entered many architecture competitions and won most of them. Unlike many of his peers, Candela did not show intellectual or aesthetic efforts in school. He did not even like pure mathematics. When Candela was a student in Madrid, the schools taught the theory of elasticity where Candela assisted the professors and even tutored other students.
His studies ended very quickly when the Spanish civil war began in 1936. When Candela returned to Spain to fight, he sided with the republic and fought against Franco. Candela became a Captain of Engineers for the Spanish republic after a short period of time. Unfortunately, while participating in the civil war, Candela was imprisoned in the Perpignan Concentration camp in Perpignan, France until the end of the war in 1939. Candela had fought against Franco; therefore he could not stay in the new Spain as long as Franco was the head of state. After his name was selected with a few hundred other prisoners, Candela was put onto a ship bound for Mexico, where he would start his career. He landed in Acapulco later that year.
As an expert of paraboloid and hyperbolic geometry, he was drawn to experiment on a series of residential and commercial shell-shaped structures since the beginning of his career. Candela evaluated both the artistic and the cost-saving aspects of this kind of design choice.[4]
Candela married Eladia Martin when he moved to Mexico from Spain; there, they raised a family. In his early life, Felix was active in sports, particularly rugby and skiing.
Thin-shell structuresedit
Candela worked very hard during his lifetime to prove the real nature and potential reinforced concrete had in structural engineering. Reinforced concrete is extremely efficient in a dome or shell like shape. This shape eliminates tensileforces in the concrete. He also looked to solve problems by the simplest means possible. In regard to shell design, he tended to rely on the geometric properties of the shell for analysis, instead of complex mathematical means and he followed the works of Eduardo Torroja in Europe and Guillermo Gonzalez Zuleta in America. Around 1950 when Candela's company went to design laminar structures, he started researching journals and engineering articles for as much information as he could find. From this, he started questioning the behaviour of reinforced concrete with the elastic assumptions and concluded they are in total disagreement with each other. (Faber 1963) Candela has said on more than one occasion that the analysis of a structure is a sort of "hobby" to him.
Mexico: 1939-1968edit
Félix Candela worked as an architect upon his arrival in Mexico until 1949 when he started to engineer many concrete structures utilizing his well-known thin-shell design. Candela did most of his work in Mexico throughout the 1950s and into the late 60s. He was responsible for more than 300 works and 900 projects in this time period. Many of his larger projects were given to him by the Mexican government, such as the Cosmic Rays Pavilion. In 1956, Mexican President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines said "Nothing could be more serious than to sit in the shade of the buildings we are about to build," foreshadowing the many construction projects to come. Ruiz Cortines came up with a budget to enable his construction declaration to come true, requesting ₱81,200,000 (pesos) more funding than was used in 1955. Luckily for Candela, ₱20,300,000 (pesos) of this funding was to go towards public works. Candela also benefited from the budget implemented by Ruiz Cortines in the area of education. Candela became a professor in Mexico, which is what he did for the remainder of his career. Felix moved to the United States and taught at University of Illinois at Chicago from 1971 to 1978.
University of Illinois at Chicago Circle: 1971-1978edit
Candela was hired as a Professor of Architecture at the university's Chicago Circle campus (now University of Illinois at Chicago) on September 1, 1971, a position he held until 1978.[5]
Worksedit
Source: Fausto Giovannardi, ed.: Felix Candela, Builder of Dreams[6]
1954-1955 Fábrica Celestino Fernández, Colonia Vallejo, Mexico City
1955, covering for Mexican Stock Exchange, Mexico City, with Enrique de La Mora Lopez and Fernando Carmona
1955-1956 Quiosco de Música, Santa Fe.
Churches in Mexico City: 1955 El Atillo church, Coyoacán; 1955 San Antonio de las Huertas, Tacuba; 1959 San Vicente de Paul, 1963 Santa Monica Lopez of Carmona; all with Enrique de La Mora y Palomar and Fernando Lopez Carmona
1955-56: Municipal markets in Coyoacán, Azcapotzalco and Anáhuac, Mexico City with Pedro Ramirez Vàzquez and Rafael Mijares
Candela's drawings, correspondence, personal and professional papers, and writings are held in the permanent collection of the Department of Drawings & Archives in the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University in New York City.
Referencesedit
^"Muere a los 87 años el arquitecto Félix Candela". El País (in Spanish). 1997-12-07. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
^"Felix Candela and Fernando Higueras: back to the umbrella geometry". EGA. 2017. doi:10.4995/ega.2018.9813. ISSN 1133-6137. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
^Sissons, P (Jan 25, 2018). "Felix Candela, the architect who showcased concrete's curves". curbed.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
^Félix Candel, 064-01 Faculty and Alumni Biography Files, UIC Archives, University of Illinois at Chicago
^Fausto Giovannardi, ed.: Felix Candela, Builder of Dreams
Further readingedit
Faber, Colin (1963). Candela: The Shell Builder. New York: Reinhold Publishing.
Massimiliano Savorra, Félix Candela, Pier Luigi Nervi and formalism in architecture, in P. Cassinello (ed.), Félix Candela, Madrid 2010, pp. 155–167
Massimiliano Savorra, La forma e la struttura. Félix Candela, gli scritti, Milano, Electa, 2013
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Félix Candela.
.Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University.
The non-built architecture of Felix Candela PhD thesis. del Blanco García, Federico Luis (2017). E.T.S. Arquitectura (UPM).
October 27, 2023
félix, candela, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january, 20. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Felix Candela news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Candela and the second or maternal family name is Outerino Felix Candela Outerino Spanish pronunciation ˈfeliɣs kanˈdela owteˈɾiɲo January 27 1910 December 7 1997 1 was a Spanish and Mexican architect who was born in Madrid and at the age of 26 emigrated to Mexico acquiring double nationality Felix Candela OuterinoBorn 1910 01 27 January 27 1910Madrid SpainDiedDecember 7 1997 1997 12 07 aged 87 Durham North Carolina United StatesNationalitySpanish MexicanEducationMadrid School of ArchitectureOccupationEngineerSpouse s Eladia Martin Dorothy CandelaEngineering careerDisciplineArchitectureInstitutionsInstitution of Structural EngineersProjectsCiutat de les Arts i les Ciencies Palacio de los DeportesSignificant designthin shellsAwardsIStructE Gold Medal Augusto Perret prize of the Architects International Union1951 Pabellon de Rayos Cosmicos Pavilion of Cosmic Rays National Autonomous University of Mexico with Jorge Gonzalez ReynaSan Lazaro metro station Mexico CityRoof of Candelaria metro station Mexico CityRestaurant of the Hotel Casino de la Selva Cuernavaca MexicoPalacio de los Deportes Mexico CityL Oceanografic El Oceanografico City of Arts and Sciences Valencia Spain with Alberto Domingo and Carlos Lazaro Templo de Santa Monica in Colonia Del Valle Mexico CityHe is known for his significant role in the development of Mexican architecture and structural engineering Candela s major contribution to architecture was the development of thin shells made out of reinforced concrete popularly known as cascarones He was Santiago Calatrava s icon who has had a great influence on his works citation needed At the end of his career he worked with the architect Fernando Higueras designing inverted umbrellas with 12 meter cantilevers 2 and with the young and innovative Emilio Perez Pinero es 3 Contents 1 Early life 2 Thin shell structures 3 Mexico 1939 1968 4 University of Illinois at Chicago Circle 1971 1978 5 Works 6 Archive 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksEarly life editFelix Candela was born in Madrid Spain in 1910 In 1927 Candela enrolled in La Escuela Superior de Arquitectura Madrid Superior Technical School of Architecture graduating in 1935 at which time Candela traveled to Germany citation needed to further study architecture Early after he started classes he developed a very keen sense of geometry and started teaching other students in private lessons In his junior year his visual intelligence and his descriptive geometric and trigonometric talent helped him catch the eye of Luis Vegas Vegas was his material strength professor and gave Candela the honorary title of Luis Vegas Helper While helping Vegas Candela entered many architecture competitions and won most of them Unlike many of his peers Candela did not show intellectual or aesthetic efforts in school He did not even like pure mathematics When Candela was a student in Madrid the schools taught the theory of elasticity where Candela assisted the professors and even tutored other students His studies ended very quickly when the Spanish civil war began in 1936 When Candela returned to Spain to fight he sided with the republic and fought against Franco Candela became a Captain of Engineers for the Spanish republic after a short period of time Unfortunately while participating in the civil war Candela was imprisoned in the Perpignan Concentration camp in Perpignan France until the end of the war in 1939 Candela had fought against Franco therefore he could not stay in the new Spain as long as Franco was the head of state After his name was selected with a few hundred other prisoners Candela was put onto a ship bound for Mexico where he would start his career He landed in Acapulco later that year As an expert of paraboloid and hyperbolic geometry he was drawn to experiment on a series of residential and commercial shell shaped structures since the beginning of his career Candela evaluated both the artistic and the cost saving aspects of this kind of design choice 4 Candela married Eladia Martin when he moved to Mexico from Spain there they raised a family In his early life Felix was active in sports particularly rugby and skiing Thin shell structures editCandela worked very hard during his lifetime to prove the real nature and potential reinforced concrete had in structural engineering Reinforced concrete is extremely efficient in a dome or shell like shape This shape eliminates tensile forces in the concrete He also looked to solve problems by the simplest means possible In regard to shell design he tended to rely on the geometric properties of the shell for analysis instead of complex mathematical means and he followed the works of Eduardo Torroja in Europe and Guillermo Gonzalez Zuleta in America Around 1950 when Candela s company went to design laminar structures he started researching journals and engineering articles for as much information as he could find From this he started questioning the behaviour of reinforced concrete with the elastic assumptions and concluded they are in total disagreement with each other Faber 1963 Candela has said on more than one occasion that the analysis of a structure is a sort of hobby to him Mexico 1939 1968 editFelix Candela worked as an architect upon his arrival in Mexico until 1949 when he started to engineer many concrete structures utilizing his well known thin shell design Candela did most of his work in Mexico throughout the 1950s and into the late 60s He was responsible for more than 300 works and 900 projects in this time period Many of his larger projects were given to him by the Mexican government such as the Cosmic Rays Pavilion In 1956 Mexican President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines said Nothing could be more serious than to sit in the shade of the buildings we are about to build foreshadowing the many construction projects to come Ruiz Cortines came up with a budget to enable his construction declaration to come true requesting 81 200 000 pesos more funding than was used in 1955 Luckily for Candela 20 300 000 pesos of this funding was to go towards public works Candela also benefited from the budget implemented by Ruiz Cortines in the area of education Candela became a professor in Mexico which is what he did for the remainder of his career Felix moved to the United States and taught at University of Illinois at Chicago from 1971 to 1978 University of Illinois at Chicago Circle 1971 1978 editCandela was hired as a Professor of Architecture at the university s Chicago Circle campus now University of Illinois at Chicago on September 1 1971 a position he held until 1978 5 Works editSource Fausto Giovannardi ed Felix Candela Builder of Dreams 6 1951 Pabellon de Rayos Cosmicos Pavilion of Cosmic Rays National Autonomous University of Mexico with Jorge Gonzalez Reyna 1952 Almacenes de las Aduanas customs warehouses Pantaco Azcapotzalco Mexico City with Carlos Recamier 1953 1957 Iglesia de la Medalla de la Virgen Milagrosa Colonia Narvarte Mexico City 1954 1955 Fabrica Celestino Fernandez Colonia Vallejo Mexico City 1955 covering for Mexican Stock Exchange Mexico City with Enrique de La Mora Lopez and Fernando Carmona 1955 1956 Quiosco de Musica Santa Fe Churches in Mexico City 1955 El Atillo church Coyoacan 1955 San Antonio de las Huertas Tacuba 1959 San Vicente de Paul 1963 Santa Monica Lopez of Carmona all with Enrique de La Mora y Palomar and Fernando Lopez Carmona 1955 56 Municipal markets in Coyoacan Azcapotzalco and Anahuac Mexico City with Pedro Ramirez Vazquez and Rafael Mijares 1956 1957 Nightclub La Jacaranda Acapulco 1956 Hotel Casino de la Selva Cuernavaca Mexico demolished 2001 1958 Los Manatiales restaurant Xochimilco Mexico City with Joaquin Alvarez Ordonez 1958 Chapel Lomas de Cuernavaca Cuernavaca Mexico 1959 1960 Planta embotelladora Bacardi Cuautitlan near Mexico City 1959 Capilla de Abierta Palmira in Cuernavaca with Rosell and Manuel Guillermo Larrosa 1959 San Jose Obrero church Monterrey with Enrique de La Mora y Palomar and Fernando Lopez Carmona 1962 Aula Magna at The Anglo Mexican Foundation with Enrique de La Mora Colonia San Rafael 1962 3 Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Madrid with Enrique de La Mora y Palomar and Fernando Lopez Carmona 1966 Parroquia del Senor del Campo Florido Mexico City 1968 Palacio de los Deportes Mexico City built for the 1968 Summer Olympics with A Peyri and E Castaneda Tamborell 1969 Mexico City metro stations San Lazaro and Candelaria 1994 2002 L Oceanografic Valencia SpainArchive editCandela s drawings correspondence personal and professional papers and writings are held in the permanent collection of the Department of Drawings amp Archives in the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University in New York City References edit Muere a los 87 anos el arquitecto Felix Candela El Pais in Spanish 1997 12 07 ISSN 1134 6582 Retrieved 2020 12 21 Felix Candela and Fernando Higueras back to the umbrella geometry EGA 2017 doi 10 4995 ega 2018 9813 ISSN 1133 6137 Retrieved 2022 12 27 Del Blanco Garcia Federico Luis 2022 Reconstructing Perez Pinero s Anoeta Velodrome Nexus Network Journal 24 4 913 934 doi 10 1007 s00004 022 00590 3 S2CID 246838092 Sissons P Jan 25 2018 Felix Candela the architect who showcased concrete s curves curbed com Archived from the original on May 4 2019 Retrieved May 4 2019 Felix Candel 064 01 Faculty and Alumni Biography Files UIC Archives University of Illinois at Chicago Fausto Giovannardi ed Felix Candela Builder of DreamsFurther reading editFaber Colin 1963 Candela The Shell Builder New York Reinhold Publishing Massimiliano Savorra Felix Candela Pier Luigi Nervi and formalism in architecture in P Cassinello ed Felix Candela Madrid 2010 pp 155 167 Massimiliano Savorra La forma e la struttura Felix Candela gli scritti Milano Electa 2013External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Felix Candela Felix Candela architectural records and papers 1950 1984 Held by the Department of Drawings amp Archives Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library Columbia University Felix Candela at Structurae Palmira Chapel Felix Candela in Frame and Form Felix Candela Costruttore di sogni permanent dead link Borgo San Lorenzo 2006 Felix Candela Builder of Dreams Felix Candela at archINFORM Bilder der Werke von Felix Candela at praella com The non built architecture of Felix Candela PhD thesis del Blanco Garcia Federico Luis 2017 E T S Arquitectura UPM Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Felix Candela amp oldid 1160045817, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
