A shell is a three-dimensional solid structural element whose thickness is very small compared to its other dimensions. It is characterized in structural terms by mid-plane stress which is both coplanar and normal to the surface. A shell can be derived from a plate in two steps: by initially forming the middle surface as a singly or doubly curved surface,[1] then by applying loads which are coplanar to the plate's plane thus generating significant stresses. Materials range from concrete (a concrete shell) to fabric (as in fabric structures).
Thin-shell structures (also called plate and shell structures) are lightweight constructions using shell elements. These elements, typically curved, are assembled to make large structures. Typical applications include aircraft fuselages, boat hulls, and the roofs of large buildings.
A thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to its other dimensions and in which deformations are not large compared to thickness. A primary difference between a shell structure and a plate structure is that, in the unstressed state, the shell structure has curvature as opposed to the plates structure which is flat. Membrane action in a shell is primarily caused by in-plane forces (plane stress), but there may be secondary forces resulting from flexural deformations. Where a flat plate acts similar to a beam with bending and shear stresses, shells are analogous to a cable which resists loads through tensile stresses. The ideal thin shell must be capable of developing both tension and compression.[2]
Typesedit
The most popular types of thin-shell structures are:
^O.C. Zienkiewicz and R.L. Taylor. The finite element method for solid and structural mechanics.
^Chen, Wai-Fah; Lui, E. M., eds. (2005-02-28). Handbook of Structural Engineering, Second Edition (2 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN9780849315695.
Further readingedit
Bechthold, Martin (2008-03-20). Innovative Surface Structures: Technologies and Applications (1 ed.). Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. ISBN9780415419673.
Suchov, Vladimir G. (1990). Rainer Gaefe (ed.). VLADIMIR G. SUCHOV 1853-1939; Die Kunst Der Sparsamen Konstruktion (1st ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. ISBN9783421029843.
External linksedit
Wikiquote has quotations related to Shell (structure).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thin-shell structures.
Thin-shell structures
Double thin-shells structures
Hypar & Concrete Shells
Past and Future of Grid Shell Structures
Shape optimization of Shell and Spatial structure
Lattice Shell for Space Vehicles
International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures
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shell, structure, shell, three, dimensional, solid, structural, element, whose, thickness, very, small, compared, other, dimensions, characterized, structural, terms, plane, stress, which, both, coplanar, normal, surface, shell, derived, from, plate, steps, in. A shell is a three dimensional solid structural element whose thickness is very small compared to its other dimensions It is characterized in structural terms by mid plane stress which is both coplanar and normal to the surface A shell can be derived from a plate in two steps by initially forming the middle surface as a singly or doubly curved surface 1 then by applying loads which are coplanar to the plate s plane thus generating significant stresses Materials range from concrete a concrete shell to fabric as in fabric structures Shell structure of the TWA Flight Center Building by Eero Saarinen John F Kennedy International Airport New YorkThe Forest Opera an open air amphitheatre in Sopot Poland with a membrane roof Great Court with a lattice thin shell roof by Buro Happold with Norman Foster British Museum LondonThin shell structures also called plate and shell structures are lightweight constructions using shell elements These elements typically curved are assembled to make large structures Typical applications include aircraft fuselages boat hulls and the roofs of large buildings Contents 1 Definition 2 Types 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksDefinition editA thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to its other dimensions and in which deformations are not large compared to thickness A primary difference between a shell structure and a plate structure is that in the unstressed state the shell structure has curvature as opposed to the plates structure which is flat Membrane action in a shell is primarily caused by in plane forces plane stress but there may be secondary forces resulting from flexural deformations Where a flat plate acts similar to a beam with bending and shear stresses shells are analogous to a cable which resists loads through tensile stresses The ideal thin shell must be capable of developing both tension and compression 2 Types editThe most popular types of thin shell structures are Concrete shell structures often cast as a monolithic dome or stressed ribbon bridge or saddle roof Lattice shell structures also called gridshell structures often in the form of a geodesic dome or a hyperboloid structure Membrane structures which include fabric structures and other tensile structures cable domes and pneumatic structures See also editMonocoque Diagrid Stretched grid method List of thin shell structuresPersons related Felix Candela Dyckerhoff amp Widmann Wilhelm Flugge Eugene Freyssinet Heinz Isler Pier Luigi Nervi Plate Frei Otto Ernest Edwin Sechler Vladimir Shukhov All Russia Exhibition 1896 Eduardo Torroja Membrane theory of shellsReferences edit O C Zienkiewicz and R L Taylor The finite element method for solid and structural mechanics Chen Wai Fah Lui E M eds 2005 02 28 Handbook of Structural Engineering Second Edition 2 ed Boca Raton CRC Press ISBN 9780849315695 Further reading editBechthold Martin 2008 03 20 Innovative Surface Structures Technologies and Applications 1 ed Abingdon Taylor amp Francis ISBN 9780415419673 Suchov Vladimir G 1990 Rainer Gaefe ed VLADIMIR G SUCHOV 1853 1939 Die Kunst Der Sparsamen Konstruktion 1st ed Stuttgart Deutsche Verlags Anstalt ISBN 9783421029843 External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Shell structure nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thin shell structures Thin shell structures Double thin shells structures Hypar amp Concrete Shells Past and Future of Grid Shell Structures Shape optimization of Shell and Spatial structure Lattice Shell for Space Vehicles International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures nbsp This article about a civil engineering topic is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shell structure amp oldid 1186024803, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
