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Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil

May 19, 2023

"AStar" redirects here. For the algorithm, see A* search algorithm. For other uses, see Astar (disambiguation).

The Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil (or Squirrel), now Airbus Helicopters H125, is a single-engine light utility helicopter originally designed and manufactured in France by Aérospatiale and Eurocopter (now Airbus Helicopters). In North America, the AS350 is marketed as the AStar. The AS355 Ecureuil 2 is a twin-engine variant, marketed in North America as the TwinStar. The Eurocopter EC130 is a derivative of the AS350 airframe and is considered by the manufacturer to be part of the Écureuil single-engine family.[3]

AS350 Écureuil/AStar
An AS350BA Squirrel of the Royal Australian Navy Fleet Air Arm at the 2008 Australian Grand Prix
Role Light utility helicopter
National origin France
Manufacturer Aérospatiale
Eurocopter
Airbus Helicopters
Helibras
First flight 27 June 1974
Introduction 1975
Status In service
Primary users Brazilian Air Force
Pakistan Army Aviation
Royal Jordanian Air Force
Produced 1975–present
Number built 7,000 (july 2022)[1]
.3,590 (AS350/AS550: 2009)[2]
Variants Eurocopter AS550 Fennec
Eurocopter AS355 Écureuil 2
Developed into Changhe Z-11
Eurocopter EC130
Flagler County Fire Rescue's FIREFLIGHT. The first AS350 B3 variant in North America.
AS350 Rainbow Helicopter in Hawaii, 2021
AS350 B2 Ecureuil, reg I-ALWE, of Elifly operator in Italy, 2018

Development

In the early 1970s, Aérospatiale initiated a development programme to produce a replacement for the aging Aérospatiale Alouette II.[4] While the Aérospatiale Gazelle, which had been developed in the 1960s and 1970s, had been met with numerous orders by military customers, commercial sales of the type had been less than anticipated, thus the need for a civil-oriented development was identified.[4]

The development of the new rotorcraft, which was headed by Chief Engineer René Mouille, was focused on the production of an economic and cost-effective aerial vehicle, thus both Aérospatiale's Production and Procurement departments were heavily involved in the design process.[4] One such measure was the use of a rolled sheet structure, a manufacturing technique adapted from the automotive industry; another innovation was the newly developed Starflex main rotor. It was also decided that both civil and military variants of the emergent helicopter would be developed to conform with established military requirements.[4]

On 27 June 1974, the first prototype, an AS350C powered by a Lycoming LTS101 turboshaft engine, conducted its maiden flight at Marignane, France; the second prototype, powered by a Turbomeca Arriel 1A, following on 14 February 1975.[4][5] The Arriel-powered version, the AS350B, intended for sale throughout the world except for North America, was certified in France on 27 October 1977, while the Lycoming powered AS350C (or AStar) was certified by the US Federal Aviation Administration on 21 December 1977. In March 1978, deliveries to customers began for the AS350B, deliveries of the AS350C began in April 1978.[6]

Over time, the AS350 Écureuil/AStar has received further development; while the aircraft's design remains broadly similar, aspects such as the rotor system, powerplants, and avionics have been progressively improved. On 6 February 1987, a prototype AS350 B2 flew with a fenestron tail-rotor in the place of its conventional counterpart. On 1 March 1997, the first AS350 B3, equipped with an Arriel 2B engine, performed its first flight.[4]

Conversion programs and addons for AS350s have been produced and are offered by third-party 'aftermarket' aerospace firms in addition to those available directly from the type's prime manufacturer. Variants of the Arriel-powered AS350B, AS350 BA, AS350 B1, AS350 B2, and AS350 B3, were progressively introduced; the later B3 differing from preceding models by the increasing use of digital systems, such as the Garmin-built G500H avionics suite and FADEC engine control system.[7]

Prior to 2013, the type had been manufactured principally at Eurocopter's Marignane facility, near Marseille, France; Eurocopter opted to, as part of a move to disperse its helicopter production activities, begin AS350 production and final assembly activities at its factory in Columbus, Mississippi, for deliveries to U.S. commercial helicopter market. The Astar has been Eurocopter's biggest-selling product in the US commercial market, at one point selling roughly one AS350 every business day.[8][9] In March 2015, the first Columbus-assembled AS350 B3e received its FAA certification.[10] In December 2015, Airbus Helicopters reported their intention to double the rate of AS350 production at Columbus in 2016 over the previous year, and that the facility is capable of producing up to 65 AS350s per year.[11]

Design

The AS350 is a single engine helicopter, powered either by a Lycoming LTS101 or Turbomeca Arriel powerplant (for twin-engined variants, see Eurocopter AS355), that drives a three-blade main rotor, which is furnished with a Starflex rotor head. The type is known for its high-altitude performance and has seen use by operators in such environments.[7] Both the main and tail rotors make use of composite material and are designed to minimize corrosion and maintenance requirements.[12]

The AS350 was also developed to comply with the noise requirements in place in locations such as national parks; the in-cabin noise levels are such that passengers may also readily converse during flight. The aircraft can also be quickly started up and shut down, which is often useful during emergency medical services roles.[12] It is equipped with hydraulically-assisted flight controls; these controls remain operational, albeit operated with greater physical effort, in the event of a hydraulic failure.[13]

Much of the AS350's avionics are provided by Garmin, such as the GI 106A course-deviation indicator, GNS 430 VHF/VOR/localizer/glideslope indicator/Global Positioning System receiver, GTX 327 Mode A and C transponder, and GMA 340H intercom.[12] The Vehicle and Engine Multifunction Display (VEMD) and the First Limit Indicator (FLI) both serve to increase the aircraft's safety during flight, reducing the number of gauges that need to be monitored by the pilot and thereby reducing their workload.[14] For increased smoothness in flight, which positively affects passenger comfort as well as safety, stability augmentation systems can be installed. Later-production aircraft feature new avionics and systems such as the integration of an Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and autopilot, a glass cockpit featuring three liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) and digital avionics, such as the synthetic-vision terrain mapping system and Airbus's Multibloc center console upon which radios may be mounted.[7][15]

The AS350 has proven popular in a range of roles; multiple cabin configurations can be used, between four and six passengers in a typical seating configuration, and large sliding doors can be fitted to either side of the cabin. In some operators' fleets, the furnishings of the cabin has been designed to enable the internal space and/or equipment fit-out to be rapidly reconfigured to enable aircraft to be switched between roles.[7]

Public service operators, such as those in law enforcement, often have forward looking infrared (FLIR) cameras and other mission systems installed on their aircraft. Other optional equipment on offer to operates had included real-time data links, rescue hoists, underslung cargo hooks, electrical external mirrors, search lights, tactical consoles, night vision goggle-compatibility, moving-map system, internal cabin tie-downs, second battery kit, sand filters, wire strike protection system, 4-channel radio, tail rotor arch, cabin floor windows, and removable seats.[7][14]

 
H125 cockpit
 
AS350B2, Switzerland, 2006

Modern aircraft have refinements beyond those featuring on older models; these changes include dual-channel FADEC-equipped engines, increasing use of digital avionics in the cockpit, decreased maintenance costs, a re-designed cabin, and a comfortable Stylence interior (optional).[7][14] Older aircraft often undergo refurbishment programs to install aftermarket features, or for the addition of functionality common to newer production aircraft, such as retrofitting of the glass cockpit.[15]

Operational history

 
A French Gendarmerie AS350, 2005

On 14 May 2005, an AS350 B3 piloted by Eurocopter test pilot Didier Delsalle touched down on the top of Mount Everest, at 8,848 m (29,030 ft),[16][17][18] a record that has been confirmed by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.[19] On 29 April 2010, a stripped-down AS350 B3 rescued three Spanish alpinists, one at a time, from the slopes of Annapurna I, Nepal at an altitude of 6,900 m (22,640 ft); this set a new record for the highest such rescue.[20] The record was increased to 7,800 m (25,590 ft), during the rescue of Sudarshan Gautam between Camps III & IV in Everest's Yellow Band on the morning of 20 May 2013.[21][22][23][24] On 2 June 2014, an AS350 B3e broke a national record in Mexico by successfully landing on the peak of Pico de Orizaba, at 5,636 m (18,490 ft), the nation's tallest mountain.[25]

The AS350 AStar has been successful in the US market, having become the most popular helicopter platform in use with American governmental agencies, law enforcement being a typical use of the type, by 2015.[26] By 1999, the AS350 had become the prime helicopter being used by the United States Customs Service for light enforcement operations;[27] by 2007, the agency had become the single largest operator of the type in the world.[28] By 2012, out of the 3,300 AS350s in operation across the world, 783 of them were in service with American-based operators.[29]

In the Russian market since 2006, the AS350 and other helicopters built by the manufacturer have been sold and supported by wholly owned subsidiary Eurocopter Vostok; UTair Aviation soon emerged as the largest Russian operator of the AS350 B3e with a fleet of at least 20 of the type.[30]

In December 2014, EASA validation was issued for Airbus Helicopters China to conduct training and support activity at their facility in Shenzhen, China; various components of the AS350 (such as the main and tail gearboxes) are now maintained locally.[31] On 9 September 2015, China's first helicopter leasing company, CM International Financial Leasing Corp Ltd (CMIFL), placed an order for 100 Ecureuil-series helicopters, these are to be a mix of H125 and H130 helicopters.[32][33]

Brazil has been an extensive operator of the AS350; by 2011 more than 300 helicopters were operating in the country, including from the flight deck of the Brazilian aircraft carrier São Paulo.[15][34] Since 1984, the Brazilian Navy has used AS350s to support the Brazilian Antarctic Program.[35] Helibras, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eurocopter, operates in the country; of the 600 helicopters it had domestically manufactured for the Brazilian market by 2012, 70% were AS350s.[36] In January 2011, Helibras signed a contract with the Brazilian Army to substantially upgrade and refurbish their existing fleet of 36 AS350 Ecureuils.[37]

 
AS350 B2, 2001

In the United Kingdom, the Defence Helicopter Flying School operated 26 AS350, designated Squirrel HT1, for the training of pilots of Britain's armed forces; the type was introduced from 1997 onwards as a replacement for the Aérospatiale Gazelle.[38] In September 2014, the UK's Ministry of Defence issued a request for proposals to replace the Squirrel HT1; Airbus Helicopters has already announced its intention to offer a mixed fleet of Eurocopter EC130s and Eurocopter EC135s in response.[39] Since May 1984, the Royal Australian Navy's Fleet Air Arm has operated a fleet of AS350s, these were upgraded to the AS350 BA standard in 1995; the Royal Australian Air Force had previously operated the AS350 for training purposes, and briefly for search and rescue missions, but these were later transferred to the Australian Army.[40]

Between June 2007 and December 2007, the Danish Air Force operated a deployment of four AS350 helicopters at Basra International Airport, Iraq, to perform liaison and reconnaissance missions in support of coalition forces during the Iraq War.[41] In June 2015, the Argentine Defense Ministry ordered 12 H125s to replace their 1970s era Aérospatiale SA 315B Lamas for para-public support missions, such as search and rescue operations, inside Argentina.[42] By June 2020, 3,663 H125 were operational, the largest number of any type.[43]

Variants

 
AS 350 B3
AS350
Prototype.
AS350 Firefighter
Fire fighting version.
AS350B
Powered by one Turbomeca Arriel 1B engine.
AS350 B1
Improved version of the original AS350B, which is powered by one Arriel 1D engine, type also fitted with AS355 main rotor blades, AS355 tail rotor with tabs and a tail rotor servo.
AS350 B2
Higher gross weight version powered by one Arriel 1D1 engine over the B1 version with aerodynamic strake fitted to tail boom along the starboard side and angled engine exhaust duct for better yaw control.
AS350 B3
High-performance version, is powered by an Arriel 2B engine equipped with a single channel Digital Engine Control Unit (DECU) with a mechanical backup system. This helicopter is the first ever to land on the summit of Mount Everest. AS350 B3/2B1 variant introduces enhanced engine with dual channel Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC), dual hydraulics and a 2,370 kg (5,225 lb) Maximum Take Off Weight. AS350 B3e (introduced late 2011) equipped with the Arriel 2D engine; AS350 B3e renamed H125.[44]
AS350 BA
Powered by an Arriel 1B engine and fitted with wider chord AS355 main rotor blades and tail rotor servo.
AS350 BB
AS350 B2 variant selected to meet rotary-wing training needs of UK MoD, through its Defence Helicopter Flying School in 1996. Powered by a derated Arriel 1D1 engine to improve the helicopters' life cycle.
Eurocopter Squirrel HT.1
Designation of AS350BB operated by the British Military, through the Defence Helicopter Flying School as a training helicopter.
Eurocopter Squirrel HT.2
Designation of AS350BB operated by the British Army Air Corps as a training helicopter, based at Middle Wallop. Now retired.
AS350 C
Initial variant of Lycoming LTS-101-600A2 powered version developed for the North American market as the AStar. Quickly superseded by AS350D.
AS350 D
Powered by one Lycoming LTS-101 engine for the North American market as the AStar. At one stage marketed as AStar 'Mark III.'
AS350 L1
Military derivative of AS350 B1, powered by a 510kW (684shp) Turbomeca Arriel 1D turboshaft engine. Superseded by AS350 L2.
AS350 L2
Military derivative of AS350 B2, powered by a 546 kW (732shp) Turbomeca Arriel 1D1 turboshaft engine. Designation superseded by AS550 C2.
HB350 B Esquilo
Unarmed military version for the Brazilian Air Force. Brazilian designations CH-50 and TH-50. Built under licence by Helibras in Brazil.
HB350 B1 Esquilo
Unarmed military version for the Brazilian Navy. Brazilian designation UH-12. Built under licence by Helibras in Brazil.
HB350 L1
Armed military version for the Brazilian Army. Brazilian designation HA-1. Built under licence by Helibras in Brazil.

Aftermarket conversions

Soloy SD1, Super D
AS350 BA, D powered by an LTS101-600A-3A engine.
Soloy AllStar
AS350 BA powered by a Rolls-Royce 250-C30 engine.
Soloy SD2
AS350 B2 powered by an LTS101-700D-2 engine.
Heli-Lynx 350FX1
AS350 BA powered by an LTS101-600A-3A engine.
Heli-Lynx 350FX2
AS350 BA or AS350 B2 powered by an LTS101-700D-2 engine.
Otech AS350BA+
AS350 BA powered by an LTS101-600A-3A engine.[45]

Operators

The AS350 is in service around the world operated by private individuals, airline and charter operators, emergency medical teams, governments and law enforcement agencies.

Military and government operators

 
Canadian AS350 BA AStar
  Argentina
  Austria
  Bolivia
  Botswana
  Brazil
 
Oklahoma City Police Department's AS350 B3e, known as Air-One (or Air-Two)
  Burkina Faso
  Cambodia
  Canada
  Central African Republic
  Chad
  Czech Republic
  • OK-DSW, man. no.: 7545[59]
  Chile
  Denmark
  Ecuador
  Egypt
  France
  Gabon
  Georgia
 
AS350B-3 Ecureui over Lauberhorn, Switzerland
Greenland
  • Air Greenland
  Guatemala
  Guinea
  Hungary
  Iceland
  Indonesia
  Israel
  Jordan
  Kenya
  Lesotho
 
Anaheim Police Department's AS350 B2, known Angel
  Madagascar
  Malawi
  Namibia
    Nepal
  Pakistan
  Paraguay
  Philippines

  Portugal

  Qatar
  Russia
  South Africa
  Uzbekistan
  United Kingdom
  United States

[96]

  Ukraine

Retired

  Australia
  United Kingdom

Notable accidents and incidents

  • On February 22, 1995, Massachusetts State Police helicopter N20SP carrying two troopers and two AT&T engineers crashed into the yacht club building. All on board died in the crash, which was attributed to significant operating deficiencies within the Police Air Wing which allowed contamination of the fuel bunker to go undetected.[107]
  • On 27 July 2007, two AS-350 AStar helicopters from television stations KNXV-TV and KTVK collided in mid-air over Phoenix, Arizona, while covering a police pursuit.[108][109]
  • On 15 September 2007, former World Rally Championship driver Colin McRae and three passengers were killed when his AS350 B2 Squirrel,[110] which he was piloting, crashed near Lanark, Scotland.[111][112]
  • On 8 August 2009, a Piper PA-32R collided with an AS350 over the Hudson River, with both aircraft crashing into the Hudson River. There were no survivors.
  • On 10 June 2012, an AS350 B3e[113] belonging to the Kenya Police Air Wing crashed in Kibiku area in Ngong Forest, west of Nairobi, Kenya, killing at least six people, including Kenya's Interior Security Minister George Saitoti and his deputy Orwa Ojode.[114][115]
  • On March 30, 2013, an Alaska State Troopers AS350 B3 N911AA impacted terrain while maneuvering during a search and rescue flight near Talkeetna, Alaska. All 3 onboard died.[116]
  • On 7 June 2014, a Helibrás HB-350BA crashed after takeoff, in Aruanã, Goiás state, Brazil. All on board died, including retired football player Fernandão.[117]
  • On 9 March 2015, two AS350 B3 collided mid air in La Rioja Province, Argentina, killing all 10 people on board both aircraft. The passengers, including a number of French athletes, were participants in the filming of French reality television program Dropped.
  • On 5 May 2016, an AS350 registered as RP-C 6828 crashed in Sebuyau, Sarawak killing all 6 people including Malaysia Deputy Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities, Noriah Kasnon and her husband, and Member of Parliament for Kuala Kangsar, Wan Mohammad Khair-il Anuar.[118]
  • On 11 March 2018, an AS350 N350LH operated by Liberty Helicopters carrying six people (five passengers and a pilot) crashed into New York City's East River after reportedly suffering engine failure. All five passengers were confirmed dead after the aircraft submerged upside down into the water. The pilot was able to free himself and was rescued by a nearby tugboat.[119]
  • On 27 February 2019, an Air Dynasty AS350 B3e helicopter crashed shortly after takeoff in Taplejung, Nepal, killing all seven people on board, including Tourism and Civil Aviation Minister Rabindra Adhikari.[120]
  • On 31 August 2019, an AS350 crashed in the mountains of Skoddevarre [no], Alta, Norway, killing all 6 occupants.[121] In response to the accident, Airbus made crash-resistant fuel systems part of the standard kit for the aircraft on 1 October.[122]
  • On 7 March 2021, an AS350 carrying billionaire French politician and industrialist Olivier Dassault crashed on takeoff near Deauville (Normandy) with no survivors.[123]
  • On 27 March 2021, an AS350 carrying Czech billionaire Petr Kellner crashed at Knik Glacier (Alaska), killing five.[124]
  • On 1 November 2022, an AS350 B3 operated by Midtnorsk Helikopterservice crashed just outside the centre of Verdal, Trøndelag, Norway. Two people died, and one person, the pilot, survived.[125]

Specifications (AS350 B3)

 
The cockpit of an AS350 B2, 2006

Data from Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000[126]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 5 pax
  • 4, 5, & 6 passengers options available.[127] The 6 passenger configuration replaces the single passenger forward seat with a two-person bench seat[128]
  • Length: 10.93 m (35 ft 10 in) (fuselage)
  • Height: 3.145 m (10 ft 4 in)
  • Empty weight: 1,174 kg (2,588 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 2,250 kg (4,960 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Turbomeca Arriel 2B turboshaft engine, 632 kW (848 hp)
  • Main rotor diameter: 10.7 m (35 ft 1 in)
  • Main rotor area: 89.75 m2 (966.1 sq ft)

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 245 km/h (152 mph, 132 kn)
  • Never exceed speed: 287 km/h (178 mph, 155 kn)
  • Range: 662 km (411 mi, 357 nmi)
  • Endurance: 4 hours 6 minutes
  • Service ceiling: 4,600 m (15,100 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 8.5 m/s (1,670 ft/min)

Avionics
Vehicle and Engine Monitoring Display (VEMD) with First Limit Indicator (FLI) fitted as standard.

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Citations

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External links

External video
  Video of World Record-breaking Mount Everest AS350 B3 landing
  An AS350 during winter operations
  Demonstration flight of an AS350 B3
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Airbus Helicopters H125 Écureuil.

May 19, 2023
eurocopter, as350, Écureuil, astar, redirects, here, algorithm, search, algorithm, other, uses, astar, disambiguation, squirrel, airbus, helicopters, h125, single, engine, light, utility, helicopter, originally, designed, manufactured, france, aérospatiale, eu. AStar redirects here For the algorithm see A search algorithm For other uses see Astar disambiguation The Eurocopter AS350 Ecureuil or Squirrel now Airbus Helicopters H125 is a single engine light utility helicopter originally designed and manufactured in France by Aerospatiale and Eurocopter now Airbus Helicopters In North America the AS350 is marketed as the AStar The AS355 Ecureuil 2 is a twin engine variant marketed in North America as the TwinStar The Eurocopter EC130 is a derivative of the AS350 airframe and is considered by the manufacturer to be part of the Ecureuil single engine family 3 AS350 Ecureuil AStarAn AS350BA Squirrel of the Royal Australian Navy Fleet Air Arm at the 2008 Australian Grand PrixRole Light utility helicopterNational origin FranceManufacturer AerospatialeEurocopterAirbus HelicoptersHelibrasFirst flight 27 June 1974Introduction 1975Status In servicePrimary users Brazilian Air ForcePakistan Army AviationRoyal Jordanian Air ForceProduced 1975 presentNumber built 7 000 july 2022 1 3 590 AS350 AS550 2009 2 Variants Eurocopter AS550 Fennec Eurocopter AS355 Ecureuil 2Developed into Changhe Z 11 Eurocopter EC130Flagler County Fire Rescue s FIREFLIGHT The first AS350 B3 variant in North America AS350 Rainbow Helicopter in Hawaii 2021 AS350 B2 Ecureuil reg I ALWE of Elifly operator in Italy 2018 Contents 1 Development 2 Design 3 Operational history 4 Variants 4 1 Aftermarket conversions 5 Operators 5 1 Military and government operators 5 2 Retired 6 Notable accidents and incidents 7 Specifications AS350 B3 8 See also 9 References 9 1 Citations 9 2 Bibliography 10 External linksDevelopment EditIn the early 1970s Aerospatiale initiated a development programme to produce a replacement for the aging Aerospatiale Alouette II 4 While the Aerospatiale Gazelle which had been developed in the 1960s and 1970s had been met with numerous orders by military customers commercial sales of the type had been less than anticipated thus the need for a civil oriented development was identified 4 The development of the new rotorcraft which was headed by Chief Engineer Rene Mouille was focused on the production of an economic and cost effective aerial vehicle thus both Aerospatiale s Production and Procurement departments were heavily involved in the design process 4 One such measure was the use of a rolled sheet structure a manufacturing technique adapted from the automotive industry another innovation was the newly developed Starflex main rotor It was also decided that both civil and military variants of the emergent helicopter would be developed to conform with established military requirements 4 On 27 June 1974 the first prototype an AS350C powered by a Lycoming LTS101 turboshaft engine conducted its maiden flight at Marignane France the second prototype powered by a Turbomeca Arriel 1A following on 14 February 1975 4 5 The Arriel powered version the AS350B intended for sale throughout the world except for North America was certified in France on 27 October 1977 while the Lycoming powered AS350C or AStar was certified by the US Federal Aviation Administration on 21 December 1977 In March 1978 deliveries to customers began for the AS350B deliveries of the AS350C began in April 1978 6 Over time the AS350 Ecureuil AStar has received further development while the aircraft s design remains broadly similar aspects such as the rotor system powerplants and avionics have been progressively improved On 6 February 1987 a prototype AS350 B2 flew with a fenestron tail rotor in the place of its conventional counterpart On 1 March 1997 the first AS350 B3 equipped with an Arriel 2B engine performed its first flight 4 Conversion programs and addons for AS350s have been produced and are offered by third party aftermarket aerospace firms in addition to those available directly from the type s prime manufacturer Variants of the Arriel powered AS350B AS350 BA AS350 B1 AS350 B2 and AS350 B3 were progressively introduced the later B3 differing from preceding models by the increasing use of digital systems such as the Garmin built G500H avionics suite and FADEC engine control system 7 Prior to 2013 the type had been manufactured principally at Eurocopter s Marignane facility near Marseille France Eurocopter opted to as part of a move to disperse its helicopter production activities begin AS350 production and final assembly activities at its factory in Columbus Mississippi for deliveries to U S commercial helicopter market The Astar has been Eurocopter s biggest selling product in the US commercial market at one point selling roughly one AS350 every business day 8 9 In March 2015 the first Columbus assembled AS350 B3e received its FAA certification 10 In December 2015 Airbus Helicopters reported their intention to double the rate of AS350 production at Columbus in 2016 over the previous year and that the facility is capable of producing up to 65 AS350s per year 11 Design EditThe AS350 is a single engine helicopter powered either by a Lycoming LTS101 or Turbomeca Arriel powerplant for twin engined variants see Eurocopter AS355 that drives a three blade main rotor which is furnished with a Starflex rotor head The type is known for its high altitude performance and has seen use by operators in such environments 7 Both the main and tail rotors make use of composite material and are designed to minimize corrosion and maintenance requirements 12 The AS350 was also developed to comply with the noise requirements in place in locations such as national parks the in cabin noise levels are such that passengers may also readily converse during flight The aircraft can also be quickly started up and shut down which is often useful during emergency medical services roles 12 It is equipped with hydraulically assisted flight controls these controls remain operational albeit operated with greater physical effort in the event of a hydraulic failure 13 Much of the AS350 s avionics are provided by Garmin such as the GI 106A course deviation indicator GNS 430 VHF VOR localizer glideslope indicator Global Positioning System receiver GTX 327 Mode A and C transponder and GMA 340H intercom 12 The Vehicle and Engine Multifunction Display VEMD and the First Limit Indicator FLI both serve to increase the aircraft s safety during flight reducing the number of gauges that need to be monitored by the pilot and thereby reducing their workload 14 For increased smoothness in flight which positively affects passenger comfort as well as safety stability augmentation systems can be installed Later production aircraft feature new avionics and systems such as the integration of an Automatic Flight Control System AFCS and autopilot a glass cockpit featuring three liquid crystal displays LCDs and digital avionics such as the synthetic vision terrain mapping system and Airbus s Multibloc center console upon which radios may be mounted 7 15 The AS350 has proven popular in a range of roles multiple cabin configurations can be used between four and six passengers in a typical seating configuration and large sliding doors can be fitted to either side of the cabin In some operators fleets the furnishings of the cabin has been designed to enable the internal space and or equipment fit out to be rapidly reconfigured to enable aircraft to be switched between roles 7 Public service operators such as those in law enforcement often have forward looking infrared FLIR cameras and other mission systems installed on their aircraft Other optional equipment on offer to operates had included real time data links rescue hoists underslung cargo hooks electrical external mirrors search lights tactical consoles night vision goggle compatibility moving map system internal cabin tie downs second battery kit sand filters wire strike protection system 4 channel radio tail rotor arch cabin floor windows and removable seats 7 14 H125 cockpit AS350B2 Switzerland 2006Modern aircraft have refinements beyond those featuring on older models these changes include dual channel FADEC equipped engines increasing use of digital avionics in the cockpit decreased maintenance costs a re designed cabin and a comfortable Stylence interior optional 7 14 Older aircraft often undergo refurbishment programs to install aftermarket features or for the addition of functionality common to newer production aircraft such as retrofitting of the glass cockpit 15 Operational history EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it June 2015 A French Gendarmerie AS350 2005 On 14 May 2005 an AS350 B3 piloted by Eurocopter test pilot Didier Delsalle touched down on the top of Mount Everest at 8 848 m 29 030 ft 16 17 18 a record that has been confirmed by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale 19 On 29 April 2010 a stripped down AS350 B3 rescued three Spanish alpinists one at a time from the slopes of Annapurna I Nepal at an altitude of 6 900 m 22 640 ft this set a new record for the highest such rescue 20 The record was increased to 7 800 m 25 590 ft during the rescue of Sudarshan Gautam between Camps III amp IV in Everest s Yellow Band on the morning of 20 May 2013 21 22 23 24 On 2 June 2014 an AS350 B3e broke a national record in Mexico by successfully landing on the peak of Pico de Orizaba at 5 636 m 18 490 ft the nation s tallest mountain 25 The AS350 AStar has been successful in the US market having become the most popular helicopter platform in use with American governmental agencies law enforcement being a typical use of the type by 2015 26 By 1999 the AS350 had become the prime helicopter being used by the United States Customs Service for light enforcement operations 27 by 2007 the agency had become the single largest operator of the type in the world 28 By 2012 out of the 3 300 AS350s in operation across the world 783 of them were in service with American based operators 29 In the Russian market since 2006 the AS350 and other helicopters built by the manufacturer have been sold and supported by wholly owned subsidiary Eurocopter Vostok UTair Aviation soon emerged as the largest Russian operator of the AS350 B3e with a fleet of at least 20 of the type 30 In December 2014 EASA validation was issued for Airbus Helicopters China to conduct training and support activity at their facility in Shenzhen China various components of the AS350 such as the main and tail gearboxes are now maintained locally 31 On 9 September 2015 China s first helicopter leasing company CM International Financial Leasing Corp Ltd CMIFL placed an order for 100 Ecureuil series helicopters these are to be a mix of H125 and H130 helicopters 32 33 Brazil has been an extensive operator of the AS350 by 2011 more than 300 helicopters were operating in the country including from the flight deck of the Brazilian aircraft carrier Sao Paulo 15 34 Since 1984 the Brazilian Navy has used AS350s to support the Brazilian Antarctic Program 35 Helibras a wholly owned subsidiary of Eurocopter operates in the country of the 600 helicopters it had domestically manufactured for the Brazilian market by 2012 70 were AS350s 36 In January 2011 Helibras signed a contract with the Brazilian Army to substantially upgrade and refurbish their existing fleet of 36 AS350 Ecureuils 37 AS350 B2 2001 In the United Kingdom the Defence Helicopter Flying School operated 26 AS350 designated Squirrel HT1 for the training of pilots of Britain s armed forces the type was introduced from 1997 onwards as a replacement for the Aerospatiale Gazelle 38 In September 2014 the UK s Ministry of Defence issued a request for proposals to replace the Squirrel HT1 Airbus Helicopters has already announced its intention to offer a mixed fleet of Eurocopter EC130s and Eurocopter EC135s in response 39 Since May 1984 the Royal Australian Navy s Fleet Air Arm has operated a fleet of AS350s these were upgraded to the AS350 BA standard in 1995 the Royal Australian Air Force had previously operated the AS350 for training purposes and briefly for search and rescue missions but these were later transferred to the Australian Army 40 Between June 2007 and December 2007 the Danish Air Force operated a deployment of four AS350 helicopters at Basra International Airport Iraq to perform liaison and reconnaissance missions in support of coalition forces during the Iraq War 41 In June 2015 the Argentine Defense Ministry ordered 12 H125s to replace their 1970s era Aerospatiale SA 315B Lamas for para public support missions such as search and rescue operations inside Argentina 42 By June 2020 3 663 H125 were operational the largest number of any type 43 Variants Edit AS 350 B3 AS350 Prototype AS350 Firefighter Fire fighting version AS350B Powered by one Turbomeca Arriel 1B engine AS350 B1 Improved version of the original AS350B which is powered by one Arriel 1D engine type also fitted with AS355 main rotor blades AS355 tail rotor with tabs and a tail rotor servo AS350 B2 Higher gross weight version powered by one Arriel 1D1 engine over the B1 version with aerodynamic strake fitted to tail boom along the starboard side and angled engine exhaust duct for better yaw control AS350 B3 High performance version is powered by an Arriel 2B engine equipped with a single channel Digital Engine Control Unit DECU with a mechanical backup system This helicopter is the first ever to land on the summit of Mount Everest AS350 B3 2B1 variant introduces enhanced engine with dual channel Full Authority Digital Engine Control FADEC dual hydraulics and a 2 370 kg 5 225 lb Maximum Take Off Weight AS350 B3e introduced late 2011 equipped with the Arriel 2D engine AS350 B3e renamed H125 44 AS350 BA Powered by an Arriel 1B engine and fitted with wider chord AS355 main rotor blades and tail rotor servo AS350 BB AS350 B2 variant selected to meet rotary wing training needs of UK MoD through its Defence Helicopter Flying School in 1996 Powered by a derated Arriel 1D1 engine to improve the helicopters life cycle Eurocopter Squirrel HT 1 Designation of AS350BB operated by the British Military through the Defence Helicopter Flying School as a training helicopter Eurocopter Squirrel HT 2 Designation of AS350BB operated by the British Army Air Corps as a training helicopter based at Middle Wallop Now retired AS350 C Initial variant of Lycoming LTS 101 600A2 powered version developed for the North American market as the AStar Quickly superseded by AS350D AS350 D Powered by one Lycoming LTS 101 engine for the North American market as the AStar At one stage marketed as AStar Mark III AS350 L1 Military derivative of AS350 B1 powered by a 510kW 684shp Turbomeca Arriel 1D turboshaft engine Superseded by AS350 L2 AS350 L2 Military derivative of AS350 B2 powered by a 546 kW 732shp Turbomeca Arriel 1D1 turboshaft engine Designation superseded by AS550 C2 HB350 B Esquilo Unarmed military version for the Brazilian Air Force Brazilian designations CH 50 and TH 50 Built under licence by Helibras in Brazil HB350 B1 Esquilo Unarmed military version for the Brazilian Navy Brazilian designation UH 12 Built under licence by Helibras in Brazil HB350 L1 Armed military version for the Brazilian Army Brazilian designation HA 1 Built under licence by Helibras in Brazil Aftermarket conversions Edit Soloy SD1 Super D AS350 BA D powered by an LTS101 600A 3A engine Soloy AllStar AS350 BA powered by a Rolls Royce 250 C30 engine Soloy SD2 AS350 B2 powered by an LTS101 700D 2 engine Heli Lynx 350FX1 AS350 BA powered by an LTS101 600A 3A engine Heli Lynx 350FX2 AS350 BA or AS350 B2 powered by an LTS101 700D 2 engine Otech AS350BA AS350 BA powered by an LTS101 600A 3A engine 45 Operators EditThe AS350 is in service around the world operated by private individuals airline and charter operators emergency medical teams governments and law enforcement agencies Military and government operators Edit Canadian AS350 BA AStar ArgentinaArgentine National Gendarmerie 46 Buenos Aires Province Police 47 AustriaAustrian Federal Police 48 BoliviaBolivian Air Force 49 BotswanaBotswana Defence Force Air Wing 49 Brazil Oklahoma City Police Department s AS350 B3e known as Air One or Air Two Brazilian Air Force 49 Brazilian Navy 49 Ibama 50 Sao Paulo State Police 51 Minas Gerais State Police 52 Burkina FasoBurkina Faso Air Force 53 CambodiaRoyal Cambodian Air Force 49 CanadaCalgary Police Service 54 Edmonton Police Service 55 Royal Canadian Mounted Police 56 York Regional Police Air2 57 Central African RepublicCentral African Republic Air Force 49 ChadChadian Air Force 58 Czech RepublicOK DSW man no 7545 59 Chile Los Angeles County Sheriff s Department AS350 B2 Chilean Army 49 Chilean Navy Investigations Police of Chile DenmarkRoyal Danish Air Force 60 EcuadorEcuadorian Army 61 EgyptEgyptian Air Force 60 FranceNational Gendarmerie 62 GabonGabonese Air Force 49 GeorgiaMinistry of Internal Affairs 63 64 65 AS350B 3 Ecureui over Lauberhorn Switzerland GreenlandAir Greenland GuatemalaGuatemalan Air Force 66 GuineaGuinea Air Force 49 HungaryHungarian Air Force 67 IcelandIcelandic Coast Guard 68 IndonesiaMunicipal Government of Mimika Regency 69 IsraelIsrael Police 70 JordanRoyal Jordanian Air Force 49 KenyaKenya Air Force 71 LesothoLesotho Defence Force 3 in service as of January 2019 72 73 Anaheim Police Department s AS350 B2 known Angel MadagascarThe Malagasy Air Force received three second hand AS350B2s in June 2019 74 MalawiMalawi Army Air Wing 49 NamibiaNamibian Police Force 75 NepalNepalese Army Air Service 49 PakistanPakistan Army Aviation ParaguayParaguayan Air Force 49 Paraguayan Naval Aviation 49 Philippines San Bernardino County Sheriff s Department AS350 B3 Philippine National Police 76 Portugal Ministry of Internal Administration National Emergency and Civil Protection Authority 4 helicopters purchased in 2006 one crashed in 2015 77 78 79 QatarQatar Ministry of Defence 1 in service 15 more on order as of January 2019 80 RussiaRussian Air Force 49 South AfricaSouth African Police Service 81 South African National Parks Air Wing 82 UzbekistanUzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces citation needed United KingdomEmpire Test Pilots School United StatesAlaska State Troopers 83 Anaheim Police Department 84 Baltimore County Police Department 85 California Highway Patrol 86 Flagler County Fire Rescue AS350 B3 FIREFLIGHT conducting wildland firefighting Flagler County Fire Rescue Los Angeles County Sheriff s Department 87 Los Angeles Police Department 88 Jefferson County Sheriff s Department Birmingham AL Memphis Police Department 89 90 Metropolitan Police Department Washington D C 91 92 Miami Police Department 93 Miami Dade Police Department Oakland County Sheriff s Office 94 Oklahoma City Police Department 95 Orange County Sheriff s Department 96 Philadelphia Police Department 97 98 Pinellas County Sheriff s Office Placer County Sheriff s Office 99 Phoenix Police Department San Diego Police Department 100 San Jose Police Department 101 Suffolk County Police Department 102 U S Customs and Border Protection 103 104 Ukraine An AS350 of the LAPDMinistry of Internal Affairs 105 Retired Edit AustraliaRoyal Australian Navy 49 106 United KingdomDefence Helicopter Flying School 49 AS 350BB Squirrel HT1 of the UK Defence Helicopter Flying SchoolNotable accidents and incidents EditOn February 22 1995 Massachusetts State Police helicopter N20SP carrying two troopers and two AT amp T engineers crashed into the yacht club building All on board died in the crash which was attributed to significant operating deficiencies within the Police Air Wing which allowed contamination of the fuel bunker to go undetected 107 On 27 July 2007 two AS 350 AStar helicopters from television stations KNXV TV and KTVK collided in mid air over Phoenix Arizona while covering a police pursuit 108 109 On 15 September 2007 former World Rally Championship driver Colin McRae and three passengers were killed when his AS350 B2 Squirrel 110 which he was piloting crashed near Lanark Scotland 111 112 On 8 August 2009 a Piper PA 32R collided with an AS350 over the Hudson River with both aircraft crashing into the Hudson River There were no survivors On 10 June 2012 an AS350 B3e 113 belonging to the Kenya Police Air Wing crashed in Kibiku area in Ngong Forest west of Nairobi Kenya killing at least six people including Kenya s Interior Security Minister George Saitoti and his deputy Orwa Ojode 114 115 On March 30 2013 an Alaska State Troopers AS350 B3 N911AA impacted terrain while maneuvering during a search and rescue flight near Talkeetna Alaska All 3 onboard died 116 On 7 June 2014 a Helibras HB 350BA crashed after takeoff in Aruana Goias state Brazil All on board died including retired football player Fernandao 117 On 9 March 2015 two AS350 B3 collided mid air in La Rioja Province Argentina killing all 10 people on board both aircraft The passengers including a number of French athletes were participants in the filming of French reality television program Dropped On 5 May 2016 an AS350 registered as RP C 6828 crashed in Sebuyau Sarawak killing all 6 people including Malaysia Deputy Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities Noriah Kasnon and her husband and Member of Parliament for Kuala Kangsar Wan Mohammad Khair il Anuar 118 On 11 March 2018 an AS350 N350LH operated by Liberty Helicopters carrying six people five passengers and a pilot crashed into New York City s East River after reportedly suffering engine failure All five passengers were confirmed dead after the aircraft submerged upside down into the water The pilot was able to free himself and was rescued by a nearby tugboat 119 On 27 February 2019 an Air Dynasty AS350 B3e helicopter crashed shortly after takeoff in Taplejung Nepal killing all seven people on board including Tourism and Civil Aviation Minister Rabindra Adhikari 120 On 31 August 2019 an AS350 crashed in the mountains of Skoddevarre no Alta Norway killing all 6 occupants 121 In response to the accident Airbus made crash resistant fuel systems part of the standard kit for the aircraft on 1 October 122 On 7 March 2021 an AS350 carrying billionaire French politician and industrialist Olivier Dassault crashed on takeoff near Deauville Normandy with no survivors 123 On 27 March 2021 an AS350 carrying Czech billionaire Petr Kellner crashed at Knik Glacier Alaska killing five 124 On 1 November 2022 an AS350 B3 operated by Midtnorsk Helikopterservice crashed just outside the centre of Verdal Trondelag Norway Two people died and one person the pilot survived 125 Specifications AS350 B3 Edit The cockpit of an AS350 B2 2006 Data from Brassey s World Aircraft amp Systems Directory 1999 2000 126 General characteristicsCrew 1 Capacity 5 pax4 5 amp 6 passengers options available 127 The 6 passenger configuration replaces the single passenger forward seat with a two person bench seat 128 dd dd dd Length 10 93 m 35 ft 10 in fuselage Height 3 145 m 10 ft 4 in Empty weight 1 174 kg 2 588 lb Max takeoff weight 2 250 kg 4 960 lb Powerplant 1 Turbomeca Arriel 2B turboshaft engine 632 kW 848 hp Main rotor diameter 10 7 m 35 ft 1 in Main rotor area 89 75 m2 966 1 sq ft Performance Cruise speed 245 km h 152 mph 132 kn Never exceed speed 287 km h 178 mph 155 kn Range 662 km 411 mi 357 nmi Endurance 4 hours 6 minutes Service ceiling 4 600 m 15 100 ft Rate of climb 8 5 m s 1 670 ft min Avionics Vehicle and Engine Monitoring Display VEMD with First Limit Indicator FLI fitted as standard See also Edit Aviation portal France portalRelated development Changhe Z 11 Eurocopter AS355 Ecureuil 2 Eurocopter AS550 Fennec Eurocopter EC130Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era AgustaWestland AW119 Koala Bell 206 Bell 407 Enstrom 480 Kazan Ansat Kopter AW09 MBB Bo 105 MD Helicopters MD 500 PZL SW 4 PuszczykRelated lists List of active United Kingdom military aircraftReferences EditCitations Edit Et de 7 000 12 July 2022 Eurocopter AS350 AS355 amp EC130 Technical Briefing Archived 12 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine 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March 2021 Helicopter crash in Alaska backcountry ski trip kills 5 AP News 29 March 2021 Retrieved 29 March 2021 Helicopter crash in Verdal Norway Two people killed Aviation24 1 November 2022 Retrieved 1 November 2022 Taylor 1999 p 377 Helicopter Civil helicopter ecureuil helicopter AS 350 Eurocopter an EADS company Archived from the original on 29 February 2012 Retrieved 25 February 2012 Archived copy Archived from the original on 26 February 2012 Retrieved 25 February 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Bibliography Edit Elliott Bryn May June 1999 On the Beat The First 60 Years of Britain s Air Police Part Two Air Enthusiast 81 64 69 ISSN 0143 5450 Hoyle Craig World Air Forces Directory Flight International Vol 180 No 5321 13 19 December 2011 pp 26 52 Hoyle Craig 2021 World Air Forces 2022 Flight International Retrieved 12 December 2021 Jackson Paul Jane s All The World s Aircraft 2003 2004 Coulsdon Surry UK Jane s Information Group 2003 ISBN 0 7106 2537 5 Lucchesi Claudio Brazilian Police Air Unit Sao Paulo s Police Eagles Air International June 2000 Vol 58 No 6 pp 376 378 Ripley Tim Middle East Air Power in the 21st Century Casemate Publishers 2010 ISBN 1 8488 4099 3 Taylor John W R Jane s All The World s Aircraft 1982 83 London Jane s Yearbooks 1982 ISBN 0 7106 0748 2 Taylor Michael J H Brassey s World Aircraft amp Systems Directory 1999 2000 London Brassey s 1999 ISBN 1 85753 245 7 Board N T S 2017 Loss of Control at Takeoff Air Methods Corporation Airbus Helicopters AS350 B3e N390LG Frisco Colorado July 3 2015 Washington DC National Transportation Safety Board External links EditExternal video Video of World Record breaking Mount Everest AS350 B3 landing An AS350 during winter operations Demonstration flight of an AS350 B3 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Airbus Helicopters H125 Ecureuil Eurocopter s AS350 B2 page Eurocopter s AS350 B3 page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w 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