In such languages, the ergative case is typically marked (most salient), while the absolutive case is unmarked. Recent work in case theory has vigorously supported the idea that the ergative case identifies the agent (the intentful performer of an action) of a verb.[4]
In Kalaallisut (Greenlandic) for example, the ergative case is used to mark subjects of transitive verbs and possessors of nouns. This syncretism with the genitive is commonly referred to as the relative case.
Nez Perce has a three-way nominal case system with both ergative (-nim) and accusative (-ne) plus an absolute (unmarked) case for intransitive subjects: hipáayna qíiwn ‘the old man arrived’; hipáayna wewúkiye ‘the elk arrived’; wewúkiyene péexne qíiwnim ‘the old man saw an elk’.
Sahaptin has an ergative noun case (with suffix -nɨm) that is limited to transitive constructions only when the direct object is 1st or 2nd person: iwapáatayaaš łmámanɨm ‘the old woman helped me’; paanáy iwapáataya łmáma ‘the old woman helped him/her’ (direct); páwapaataya łmámayin ‘the old woman helped him/her’ (inverse).
In languages with an optional ergative, the choice between marking the ergative case or not depends on semantic or pragmatics aspects such as marking focus on the argument.[5]
^Loos, Eugene. . LinguaLinks Library 5.0 Plus. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^Haspelmath, Martin. 2022. Ergative, absolutive, accusative and nominative as comparative concepts. In Iomdin, Leonid & Milićević, Jasmina & Polguère, Alain (eds.), Lifetime linguistic inspirations: To Igor Mel’čuk, 201–213. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. (doi:10.5281/zenodo.7625026) (https://zenodo.org/record/7625026)
^Woolford, Ellen. "Lexical Case, Inherent Case, and Argument Structure". Feb 2005.
^William B. McGregor (1 July 2010). "Optional ergative case marking systems in a typological-semiotic perspective". Lingua. 120: 1610–1636. doi:10.1016/J.LINGUA.2009.05.010. ISSN 0024-3841. Wikidata Q122816430.
^Theodora Bynon. 1979. The Ergative Construction in Kurdish. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Vol. 42, No. 2:211-224.
April 26, 2024
ergative, case, grammar, ergative, case, abbreviated, grammatical, case, that, identifies, nominal, phrase, agent, transitive, verb, ergative, absolutive, languages, cuneiform, inscription, lugal, kiengi, kiuri, 𒈗𒆠𒂗𒄀𒆠𒌵, king, sumer, akkad, seal, sumerian, king. In grammar the ergative case abbreviated erg is the grammatical case that identifies a nominal phrase 2 as the agent of a transitive verb in ergative absolutive languages 3 Cuneiform inscription Lugal Kiengi Kiuri 𒈗𒆠𒂗𒄀𒆠𒌵 King of Sumer and Akkad on a seal of Sumerian king Shulgi r c 2094 2047 BCE The final ke4 𒆤 is the composite of k genitive case and e ergative case 1 Characteristics editIn such languages the ergative case is typically marked most salient while the absolutive case is unmarked Recent work in case theory has vigorously supported the idea that the ergative case identifies the agent the intentful performer of an action of a verb 4 In Kalaallisut Greenlandic for example the ergative case is used to mark subjects of transitive verbs and possessors of nouns This syncretism with the genitive is commonly referred to as the relative case Nez Perce has a three way nominal case system with both ergative nim and accusative ne plus an absolute unmarked case for intransitive subjects hipaayna qiiwn the old man arrived hipaayna wewukiye the elk arrived wewukiyene peexne qiiwnim the old man saw an elk Sahaptin has an ergative noun case with suffix nɨm that is limited to transitive constructions only when the direct object is 1st or 2nd person iwapaatayaas lmamanɨm the old woman helped me paanay iwapaataya lmama the old woman helped him her direct pawapaataya lmamayin the old woman helped him her inverse In languages with an optional ergative the choice between marking the ergative case or not depends on semantic or pragmatics aspects such as marking focus on the argument 5 Other languages that use the ergative case are Georgian Chechen and other Caucasian languages Mayan languages Mixe Zoque languages Wagiman and other Australian Aboriginal languages as well as Basque Burushaski and Tibetan Among all Indo European languages only Yaghnobi Kurdish language varieties including Kurmanji Zazaki and Sorani 6 and Pashto from Iranian languages and Hindi Urdu along with some other Indo Aryan languages are ergative The ergative case is also a feature of some constructed languages such as Na vi Ithkuil and Black Speech See also edit nbsp Look up ergative case or ergative in Wiktionary the free dictionary Antipassive voice Ergative absolutive language Morphosyntactic alignment Volition linguistics Citations edit Edzard Dietz Otto 2003 Sumerian Grammar BRILL p 36 ISBN 978 90 474 0340 1 Loos Eugene Glossary of linguistic terms LinguaLinks Library 5 0 Plus Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved September 27 2013 Haspelmath Martin 2022 Ergative absolutive accusative and nominative as comparative concepts In Iomdin Leonid amp Milicevic Jasmina amp Polguere Alain eds Lifetime linguistic inspirations To Igor Mel cuk 201 213 Frankfurt Peter Lang doi 10 5281 zenodo 7625026 https zenodo org record 7625026 Woolford Ellen Lexical Case Inherent Case and Argument Structure Feb 2005 William B McGregor 1 July 2010 Optional ergative case marking systems in a typological semiotic perspective Lingua 120 1610 1636 doi 10 1016 J LINGUA 2009 05 010 ISSN 0024 3841 Wikidata Q122816430 Theodora Bynon 1979 The Ergative Construction in Kurdish Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Vol 42 No 2 211 224 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ergative case amp oldid 1177039851, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
