Ecoregions of the world, spanning all land area (terrestrial) of the planet, were first defined and mapped in 2001[1] and subsequently revised in 2017.[2] Later, freshwater ecoregions[3] and marine ecoregions[4] of the world were identified. Within India, there are 46 terrestrial ecoregions, 14 freshwater ecoregions, and 6 marine ecoregions.
Freshwater ecoregions of the world have been defined[3] as "a large area encompassing one or more freshwater systems with a distinct assemblage of natural freshwater communities and species. The freshwater species, dynamics, and environmental conditions within a given ecoregion are more similar to each other than to those of surrounding ecoregions, and together form a conservation unit." The following 14 freshwater ecoregions occur within India.
Upper Indus
Indus Himalayan Foothills
Lower and Middle Indus
Ganges Himalayan Foothills
Middle Brahmaputra
Chin Hills–Arakan Coast
Ganges Delta and Plain
Narmada–Tapti
Northern Deccan Plateau
Southern Deccan Plateau
Southeastern Ghats
Western Ghats
Andaman Islands
Nicobar Islands
Marine ecoregionsedit
Marine ecoregions of the world have been described across the worlds oceans and seas.[4] India's seas are in the Western Indo-Pacificmarine realm. This includes the following four provinces and six marine ecoregions.
^Olson, David M.; Dinerstein, Eric; Wikramanayake, Eric D.; Burgess, Neil D.; Powell, George V. N.; Underwood, Emma C.; D'amico, Jennifer A.; Itoua, Illanga; Strand, Holly E.; Morrison, John C.; Loucks, Colby J. (2001-11-01). "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth: A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity". BioScience. 51 (11): 933–938. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0006-3568. S2CID 26844434.
^ abAbell, Robin; Thieme, Michele L.; Revenga, Carmen; Bryer, Mark; Kottelat, Maurice; Bogutskaya, Nina; Coad, Brian; Mandrak, Nick; Balderas, Salvador Contreras; Bussing, William; Stiassny, Melanie L. J. (2008-05-01). "Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation". BioScience. 58 (5): 403–414. doi:10.1641/B580507. ISSN 1525-3244. S2CID 85940785.
^ abSpalding, Mark D.; Fox, Helen E.; Allen, Gerald R.; Davidson, Nick; Ferdaña, Zach A.; Finlayson, Max; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Jorge, Miguel A.; Lombana, Al; Lourie, Sara A.; Martin, Kirsten D. (2007-07-01). "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". BioScience. 57 (7): 573–583. doi:10.1641/B570707. ISSN 0006-3568. S2CID 29150840.
^Olson, David M.; Dinerstein, Eric (2002). "The Global 200: Priority Ecoregions for Global Conservation" (PDF). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 89 (2): 199–224. doi:10.2307/3298564. ISSN 0026-6493. JSTOR 3298564.
April 11, 2024
list, ecoregions, india, ecoregions, world, spanning, land, area, terrestrial, planet, were, first, defined, mapped, 2001, subsequently, revised, 2017, later, freshwater, ecoregions, marine, ecoregions, world, were, identified, within, india, there, terrestria. Ecoregions of the world spanning all land area terrestrial of the planet were first defined and mapped in 2001 1 and subsequently revised in 2017 2 Later freshwater ecoregions 3 and marine ecoregions 4 of the world were identified Within India there are 46 terrestrial ecoregions 14 freshwater ecoregions and 6 marine ecoregions Contents 1 Terrestrial ecoregions 2 Freshwater ecoregions 3 Marine ecoregions 4 Global 200 ecoregions in India 4 1 Terrestrial 5 See also 6 External links 7 ReferencesTerrestrial ecoregions editThe terrestrial ecoregions of the world include 45 ecoregions that fall entirely or partly within the boundaries of India These ecoregions fall within two biogeographic realms Indomalayan and Palearctic They also fall under ten biomes Deserts and Xeric Shrublands Flooded Grasslands and Savannas Mangroves Montane Grasslands and Shrublands Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests Temperate Conifer Forests Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands Savannas and Shrublands and Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests The ecoregion Rock and Ice is not included under any specific biome or biogeographic realm 2 Ecoregion State or union territories Biome RealmAndaman Islands rain forests Andaman and Nicobar Islands Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanBrahmaputra Valley semi evergreen forests Arunachal Pradesh Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanAssamMeghalayaNagalandCentral Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe Jammu and Kashmir Montane grasslands and shrublands PalearcticEast Deccan moist deciduous forests Andhra Pradesh Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanChhattisgarhJharkhandMadhya PradeshMaharashtraOdishaTelanganaWest BengalHimalayan subtropical broadleaf forests Bihar Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanSikkimUttar PradeshUttarakhandWest BengalLower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests Assam Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanBiharJharkhandMadhya PradeshOdishaTripuraUttar PradeshWest BengalMalabar Coast moist forests Goa Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanKarnatakaKeralaMaharashtraTamil NaduMaldives Lakshadweep Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests Lakshadweep Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanMeghalaya subtropical forests Assam Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanMeghalayaTripuraNagalandMizoram Manipur Kachin rain forests Assam Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanManipurMizoramNagalandTripuraNicobar Islands rain forests Andaman and Nicobar Islands Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanNorth Western Ghats moist deciduous forests Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanGoaGujaratKarnatakaMaharashtraNorth Western Ghats montane rain forests Goa Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanGujaratKarnatakaMaharashtraOdisha semi evergreen forests Andhra Pradesh Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanOdishaSouth Western Ghats moist deciduous forests Karnataka Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanKeralaTamil NaduSouth Western Ghats montane rain forests Karnataka Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanKeralaTamil NaduSundarbans freshwater swamp forests West Bengal Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanUpper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests Bihar Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests IndomalayanDelhiHaryanaHimachal PradeshMadhya PradeshRajasthanUttar PradeshUttarakhandCentral Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests Andhra Pradesh Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests IndomalayanChhattisgarhKarnatakaMadhya PradeshMaharashtraTelanganaChota Nagpur dry deciduous forests Bihar Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests IndomalayanChhattisgarhJharkhandMadhya PradeshOdishaUttar PradeshWest BengalEast Deccan dry evergreen forests Andhra Pradesh Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests IndomalayanPuducherryTamil NaduKhathiar Gir dry deciduous forests Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests IndomalayanGujaratHaryanaMadhya PradeshMaharashtraRajasthanUttar PradeshNarmada Valley dry deciduous forests Chhattisgarh Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests IndomalayanGujaratKarnatakaMadhya PradeshMaharashtraUttar PradeshNorth Tibetan Plateau Kunlun Mountains alpine desert Jammu and Kashmir Montane grasslands and shrublands PalearcticNorth Deccan dry deciduous forests Chhattisgarh Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests IndomalayanOdishaSouth Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests Karnataka Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests IndomalayanTamil NaduHimalayan subtropical pine forests Himachal Pradesh Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests IndomalayanJammu and KashmirSikkimUttarakhandWest BengalNortheast India Myanmar pine forests Manipur Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests IndomalayanNagalandEastern Himalayan broadleaf forests Arunachal Pradesh Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests IndomalayanAssamNagalandSikkimWest BengalWestern Himalayan broadleaf forests Himachal Pradesh Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests IndomalayanJammu and KashmirPunjabUttarakhandEastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Arunachal Pradesh Temperate coniferous forests IndomalayanSikkimWest BengalWestern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Himachal Pradesh Temperate coniferous forests IndomalayanJammu and KashmirLadakhUttarakhandTerai Duar savanna and grasslands Assam Tropical and subtropical grasslands savannas and shrublands IndomalayanBiharUttar PradeshUttarakhandWest BengalRann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh Gujarat Flooded grasslands and savannas IndomalayanDeccan thorn scrub forests Andhra Pradesh Deserts and xeric shrublands IndomalayanKarnatakaMadhya PradeshMaharashtraTamil NaduTelanganaAravalli west thorn scrub forests Chandigarh Deserts and xeric shrublands IndomalayanDelhiGujaratHaryanaHimachal PradeshJammu and KashmirPunjabRajasthanThar Desert Gujarat Deserts and xeric shrublands IndomalayanHaryanaRajasthanGodavari Krishna mangroves Andhra Pradesh Mangrove IndomalayanOdishaTamil NaduIndus River Delta Arabian Sea mangroves Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Mangrove IndomalayanGujaratMaharashtraSundarbans mangroves West Bengal Mangrove IndomalayanNortheastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Arunachal Pradesh Temperate coniferous forests PalearcticEastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Arunachal Pradesh Montane grasslands and shrublands PalearcticSikkimKarakoram West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe Ladakh Montane grasslands and shrublands PalearcticNorthwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Himachal Pradesh Montane grasslands and shrublands PalearcticJammu and KashmirLadakhWestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Himachal Pradesh Montane grasslands and shrublands PalearcticUttarakhandBaluchistan xeric woodlands Punjab Deserts and xeric shrublands PalearcticFreshwater ecoregions editFreshwater ecoregions of the world have been defined 3 as a large area encompassing one or more freshwater systems with a distinct assemblage of natural freshwater communities and species The freshwater species dynamics and environmental conditions within a given ecoregion are more similar to each other than to those of surrounding ecoregions and together form a conservation unit The following 14 freshwater ecoregions occur within India Upper Indus Indus Himalayan Foothills Lower and Middle Indus Ganges Himalayan Foothills Middle Brahmaputra Chin Hills Arakan Coast Ganges Delta and Plain Narmada Tapti Northern Deccan Plateau Southern Deccan Plateau Southeastern Ghats Western Ghats Andaman Islands Nicobar IslandsMarine ecoregions editMarine ecoregions of the world have been described across the worlds oceans and seas 4 India s seas are in the Western Indo Pacific marine realm This includes the following four provinces and six marine ecoregions West and South Indian Shelf province Western India South India and Sri Lanka Central Indian Ocean Islands province Maldives Bay of Bengal province Eastern India Northern Bay of Bengal Andaman province Andaman and Nicobar IslandsGlobal 200 ecoregions in India editMain article Global 200The following are the ecoregions in India that are included in the Global 200 ecoregions 5 Terrestrial edit Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests India Eastern Deccan Plateau moist forests old name or East Deccan moist deciduous forests current name India Eastern Himalayan alpine meadows Bhutan China India Myanmar Nepal Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests Bhutan China India Myanmar Nepal Himalayan subtropical pine forests Bhutan India Nepal Pakistan Naga Manipuri Chin hills moist forests India Northeast India Myanmar pine forests India Myanmar Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh India Pakistan South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests India Sundarbans mangroves Bangladesh India Terai Duar savannas and grasslands Bhutan India Nepal Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows Afghanistan China India Pakistan Tajikistan Western Himalayan broadleaf forests Afghanistan India Nepal Pakistan See also editArid Forest Research Institute AFRI External links editEcozones of India An article about India s biodiversity Seasons climate global warming in IndiaReferences edit Olson David M Dinerstein Eric Wikramanayake Eric D Burgess Neil D Powell George V N Underwood Emma C D amico Jennifer A Itoua Illanga Strand Holly E Morrison John C Loucks Colby J 2001 11 01 Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World A New Map of Life on Earth A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity BioScience 51 11 933 938 doi 10 1641 0006 3568 2001 051 0933 TEOTWA 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0006 3568 S2CID 26844434 a b Dinerstein Eric Olson David Joshi Anup Vynne Carly Burgess Neil D Wikramanayake Eric Hahn Nathan Palminteri Suzanne Hedao Prashant Noss Reed Hansen Matt 2017 06 01 An Ecoregion Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm BioScience 67 6 534 545 doi 10 1093 biosci bix014 ISSN 0006 3568 PMC 5451287 PMID 28608869 a b Abell Robin Thieme Michele L Revenga Carmen Bryer Mark Kottelat Maurice Bogutskaya Nina Coad Brian Mandrak Nick Balderas Salvador Contreras Bussing William Stiassny Melanie L J 2008 05 01 Freshwater Ecoregions of the World A New Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation BioScience 58 5 403 414 doi 10 1641 B580507 ISSN 1525 3244 S2CID 85940785 a b Spalding Mark D Fox Helen E Allen Gerald R Davidson Nick Ferdana Zach A Finlayson Max Halpern Benjamin S Jorge Miguel A Lombana Al Lourie Sara A Martin Kirsten D 2007 07 01 Marine Ecoregions of the World A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas BioScience 57 7 573 583 doi 10 1641 B570707 ISSN 0006 3568 S2CID 29150840 Olson David M Dinerstein Eric 2002 The Global 200 Priority Ecoregions for Global Conservation PDF Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89 2 199 224 doi 10 2307 3298564 ISSN 0026 6493 JSTOR 3298564 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of ecoregions in India amp oldid 1192526609, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,