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Economic Freedom Fighters

January 01, 1970

The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) is a South African Marxist–Leninist and black nationalist political party. It was founded by expelled former African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) President Julius Malema, and his allies, in 2013.[19] Malema is President of the EFF, heading the Central Command Team which serves as the central structure of the party.[20] It is currently the third-largest party in both houses of the Parliament of South Africa.[21] The party is also the official opposition in three of South Africa's nine provincial legislatures.

Economic Freedom Fighters
AbbreviationEFF
PresidentJulius Malema
ChairpersonVeronica Mente
Secretary-GeneralMarshall Dlamini
SpokespersonSinawo Tambo
Leigh-Ann Mathys
Deputy PresidentFloyd Shivambu
Deputy Secretary-GeneralPoppy Mailola
Treasurer-GeneralOmphile Maotwe
FoundersJulius Malema
Floyd Shivambu
Founded26 July 2013 (2013-07-26)
Split fromAfrican National Congress
Headquarters119 Marshall Street, Johannesburg, Gauteng
Student wingEFFSC
Membership (2022) 1,085,843[1]
Ideology
Political positionFar-left[14][15][16]
Colours  Red[10][11][17]
Slogan"Our land and jobs, now!"[18]
National Assembly
44 / 400
National Council of Provinces
11 / 90
Pan-African Parliament
1 / 5
(South African seats)
Provincial Legislatures
50 / 430
City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (council)
30 / 270
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality (council)
6 / 120
City of Cape Town (council)
10 / 231
Website
effonline.org

History edit

Foundation and early history edit

At a 26 July 2013 press briefing in Soweto, Malema announced that the new party had over 1000 members, double the 500 required for registration with the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC).[22] The EFF is now registered with the IEC, after an objection to its registration by the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) was dismissed in September 2013.[23]

In 2015, the EFF suspended MP Lucky Twala and expelled three MPs, Mpho Ramakatsa, Andile Mngxitama and Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala.[24] Mngxitama formed his own party, named Black First Land First (BLF),[25] while Litchfield-Tshabalala joined the United Democratic Movement.[26] Malema has been chiefly accused by former members of purging his critics to consolidate his power, thus ruling the party with an iron fist.[27] Malema acknowledged this criticism in a press conference and went on to say that the party should have expelled more ill-disciplined members.

Recent actions and activities edit

On 6 August 2015, the EFF announced that it has secured a Constitutional Court case for its "#PayBackTheMoney" campaign against Jacob Zuma. The case was heard on 9 February 2016. The judgement was released by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng and stated that the then-President had violated the Constitution of South Africa, along with the Speaker of the National Assembly Baleka Mbete.[28] The President was given 60 days to fulfill the requirements of the Public Protector Thuli Madonsela.[29]

On 27 February 2018, the EFF tabled a motion in the National Assembly to amend the Constitution so as to allow for the expropriation of land without compensation. The motion, brought by the EFF leader Julius Malema, was adopted with a vote of 241 in support, and 83 against. The only parties who did not support the motion were the Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, Congress of the People and the ACDP.[30] Land expropriation is one of the EFF's seven cardinal pillars.[31]

In 2018, the party's student wing, the EFF Student Command came in first at several Student Representative Council elections, defeating the African National Congress (ANC)-aligned South African Students Congress (SASCO) at the Durban University of Technology, the University of Zululand and Mangosuthu University of Technology.[32] They also won in Cape Town, the District Six, Mowbray and Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) campuses with landslide victories. They also won the University of Cape Town.[33] Peter Keetse, president of the EFFSC, said the win was a warning shot for what was going to happen in 2019 national general elections. He said the youth were the influencers of the future: "this is an indication of what is to follow".[34]

In March 2023 the party attempted to organise a national shutdown in protest of loadshedding and calling for South African President Cyril Ramaphosa to step down. The shutdown was widely reported as ineffective[35][36][37][38] and involved an number of instances of fake news spread by party supporters.[39][40][41]

Ideology and policies edit

Marxist–Leninist ideology edit

 
A small march by the EFF protesting in support of land reform in South Africa.

The EFF "draws inspiration from the broad Marxist–Leninist tradition and Fanonian schools of thought in their analyses of the state, imperialism, culture and class contradictions in every society", according to its constitution.[7][42] The EFF states that it takes inspiration from Burkinabe President Thomas Sankara in terms of both style and Marxist ideology.[43] Prominent EFF member Jackie Shandu declared the party a "proudly Sankarist formation".[8]

Economics edit

It criticises the African National Congress and their primary opposition, the Democratic Alliance, for their allegedly pro-business stances, which it claims have sold out the black people of South Africa to capitalism as cheap labour. However, after 2016 local elections in South Africa, the EFF has suggested that they would back the Democratic Alliance in hung-metro areas, while reiterating that they would not be entering into a coalition with any political party.[44]

It promises to tackle corruption, provide quality social housing, and provide free primary healthcare and education for all, as well as proposing to expropriate White-owned farmland, nationalise the mining and banking sectors, double welfare grants and the minimum wage, and end the proposed toll system for highways.[45]

The EFF has been vocal in its criticism of black business owners and black owners of mining companies in South Africa. In an address at the Oxford Union in November 2015, Malema spoke out against billionaire mining company owner Patrice Motsepe.[46][47] Further protests in 2015, the EFF delivered demands that included the socialisation of the mining sector and called for more explicit targets for the 26% BEE ownership required by law.[48] The EFF is a vocal proponent of expanding the role of South African state-owned enterprises in the national economy.[49][50] Malema addressed a crowd in Marikana, Rustenburg in the platinum mining area, blaming mining companies and calling out platinum mining company Lonmin in particular, for poverty in the region.[51]

The EFF was the only parliamentary party that opposed the 2018 political party funding bill; a funding transparency law that requires political parties to publish who they receive funding from.[52]

Foreign policy edit

Within Africa edit

The EFF presents itself as a Pan-Africanist party and supports the proposal for a United States of Africa. In respect to this, the EFF and Malema have repeatedly praised former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, promising to implement many of the policies in South Africa that Gaddafi implemented in Libya.[53][54][55] The party is against presence of the American military bases in Africa, most notably in Botswana.[56] Prior to forming the EFF, Malema had called for the overthrow of President Ian Khama's government in Botswana.[57]

The EFF has been strongly critical of the government of Eswatini, one of the last absolute monarchies in the world, advocating for democratic reforms in the country and the removal of borders between it and South Africa.[58] The party has supported a number of efforts to support change in Eswatini ranging from trying to shutdown the Eswatini-South Africa border with protest action[59][60] to criticizing the electoral process in the country.[61]

The EFF is critical of France's presence in Africa; in 2022 the party picketed outside of and ultimately barricaded the country's embassy in Pretoria.[62] The French ambassador to South Africa criticised the EFF for scapegoating France as the supposed source of all Africa's problems.[63] Following the death of Queen Elizabeth the EFF announced that they would not mourn her passing instead stating that "she never once acknowledged the atrocities her family inflicted on native people that Britain invaded across the world."[64]

Outside Africa edit

The EFF is against Zionism,[13] is strongly critical of Israel and its conflict with the Palestinians;[65] referring to the country as "evil" and advocating for its destruction.[66][67] During the 2023 Israel–Hamas war the leader of the EFF Julius Malema stated the party's support for Hamas and that should the party win the 2024 election they would send arms to assist the organisation.[68][69]

The EFF officially supports Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, commending what they refer to as Russia's "anti-imperialist programme" against NATO.[56] During the Lady R incident the party stated their support for any prospect of South African exports of military equipment to Russia that might assist in its invasion of Ukraine.[70]

The party supports closer bilateral relations between South Africa and China whilst considering Taiwan to be an "integral part" of the People's Republic of China; it has referred to the Chinese Communist Party as the "torch-bearer for all Marxist–Leninist formations in the world".[71]

LGBT+ rights edit

The EFF supports the rights of the LGBT+ community in Africa and officially condemns laws that seek to ban homosexuality.[72] The party was critical of Uganda's 2023 Anti-Homosexuality Bill and led a protest outside of the Ugandan embassy in South Africa urging Uganda's president not to sign it into law.[73][74][75] However later in 2023 the party was strongly criticized by members of the South African LGBT+ community for inviting Patrick Lumumba, a Kenyan professor known for making homophobic statements and who is publicly supportive of Uganda's 2023 Anti-Homosexuality Bill, to deliver the party's 10th anniversary lecture at the University of Cape Town.[76][77][78][79]

Support base and prominent members edit

According to a November 2013 Ipsos survey, the party's supporters are younger than average, with 49% being younger than 24, overwhelmingly black (99%) and mostly male, with women representing only 33% of the support base. A disproportionate number of supporters live in Malema's home province of Limpopo (28%), while only 1% live in KwaZulu-Natal, a more populous province.[80] A 2018 survey conducted by social research company Citizen Surveys found that around 70% of EFF supporters were between the ages of 18 and 34, overwhelmingly black (97%), mostly based in major metropolitan cities (48%), predominantly male (62%) with 43% of their support base located in Gauteng Province.[81] The party was expected to make an impact in the 2014 general election, taking between 4 per cent and 8 per cent of the national vote. This was potentially enough for the party to hold the balance of power in provinces where the governing African National Congress was in danger of losing its absolute majority.[45] The ANC retained its absolute majority whilst the EFF got 6.35% of the vote in the 2014 election.[82]

High-profile members of the Central Command Team include Floyd Shivambu, Fana Mokoena and Mbuyiseni Ndlozi (National Spokesperson).[83] Controversial businessman Kenny Kunene joined the Central Command Team in July 2013 before resigning from the Central Command Team on 20 August 2013 and from the organisation on 26 August 2013.[84][85] On 4 November 2013, it was announced that Dali Mpofu had left the African National Congress (ANC) after 33 years of membership and joined the EFF.[86]

Student wing edit

The Economic Freedom Fighters Students Command (EFFSC) is the party's student wing, founded on 16 June 2015.[87][88] It campaigns for free education,[89] universal access to education and the elimination of registration fees,[90] among other things.

Criticisms and controversies edit

Allegations of foreign ties edit

The ANC has accused the Zimbabwean ruling party, the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF), of supporting the EFF in order to destabilise the ANC.[91]

In 2019 President Cyril Ramaphosa stated during a debate in Parliament that he had received numerous intelligence reports that the EFF "is an MI6 project" (a project of the foreign arm of British intelligence agencies).[92] The party's chairperson, Dali Mpofu, said he would shut down the EFF if the claims turned out to be true but he was removed as chairman in the same year.[93] The president of the EFF, Julius Malema, never responded to the allegation either in Parliament or in the press.

Alleged corruption edit

Tenders edit

A number of articles published by investigative journalists have accused the party of using their influence to earn improper payments from government suppliers in cities where the EFF has significant representative power.[94] An investigation by the amaBhungane centre for investigative journalism stated that the EFF received R500,000 in kickbacks from a company in return for a R1.26 billion contract to manage a fleet of vehicles used by the City of Johannesburg with tacit acquiescence of the Democratic Alliance.[95][96] Another investigation alleges that the party improperly benefited from the awarding of a fuel supply contract for the City of Tshwane netting the party R15 million from successful contractors.[97]

VBS Mutual Bank edit

See also: VBS Mutual Bank

Following the publication of a South African Reserve Bank report[98] into the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank implicating EFF deputy president Floyd Shivambu's brother media reports came out alleging that Shivambu received R10 million in illicit payments from VBS prior to it being placed under curatorship in March 2018.[99][100] Prior to the publication of the Reserve Bank's report the EFF criticised the Reserve Bank for placing VBS under curatorship and accused it of victimising VBS on racial grounds.[101] The EFF stated that it had seen no evidence that Shivambu received the R10 million[102] and called for government to recapitalise VBS Mutual Bank[103] whilst also taking legal action against those mentioned in the Reserve Bank report.[104] A follow-up investigation by the Daily Maverick alleged that the EFF illicitly received R1.8 million of VBS money through a network of proxy companies with the party's leadership (notably Shivambu and Malema) also illicitly receiving money though this network.[105] After being approached by the Mail & Guardian for comment on his personal financial expenses Floyd Shivambu admitted that money from VBS, channeled through his brother, was used to buy his Range Rover Sport valued at R680,000.[106] By June 2021 Shivambu's brother had repaid R4.55 million and admitted to taking VBS money.[107]

A follow-up investigation by the Daily Maverick found that R454,000 of VBS money was used to pay for the 2017 EFF birthday celebration.[108] It also found that a total of R16.1 million was channeled through a Shivambu associated company largely for the benefit of the EFF.[108] An additional investigation traced financial statements from an account that received VBS funds and allegedly controlled by Julius Malema; leading the author of the investigation to estimate that Malema received and directly benefited from R5.3-million illegally taken from VBS.[109] Additional media reports in October 2019, alleged that the party received R4 million of VBS funds into a slush fund that was channeled to Malema via a company named Santaclara Trading.[110][111][112]

A former member of the EFF's leadership accused the party leadership of accepting donations from VBS Mutual Bank prior to its collapse.[113] The South African Parliament’s joint ethics committee found that Shivambu had received at least R180,000, in three payments, of VBS money from his brother's company Sgameka Projects Pty Ltd in 2017; but found no evidence that Malema received any VBS related funds.[114][115]

Malema has forwarded a conspiracy theory that the VBS collapse was part of a plot intended to damage the EFF.[116]

Connections to violence edit

In October 2018, a group of seventeen former EFF members and councillors in the Northern Cape accused the party's senior leadership of corruption and sexual exploitation of more junior female party members.[117] Four months later, two former female employees of the EFF claimed that party leadership had intimidated and engaged in acts of bullying behaviour towards them and other party staff members.[118]

Following the temporary removal of eight EFF provincial MPs[119] from Gauteng Provincial Legislature, a large number of EFF members protesting against the ruling stormed the provincial legislature building.[120]

During violent university protests characterized by arson and vandalism, EFF Youth leader Omphile Seleke posted instructions on how to make petrol bombs on social media.[121]

A Vodacom store in Polokwane was damaged and looted by EFF members following a presentation by Corruption Watch at the 2018 Vodacom Awards, which included an image depicting EFF leaders Malema and Shivambu as "abusers of Democracy".[122][123]

Following the 2019 State of the Nation address in parliament by President Ramaphosa, EFF MP Marshall Dlamini physically assaulted a member of the presidential security team after a disagreement between EFF MPs and security.[124]

During an October 2022 speech to members of the Western Cape EFF branch, Malema stated that party members should "never be scared to kill" in pursuit of what Malema described as the party's revolution.[125][126] The South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) ruled that the statement—along with seven others made by the EFF, such as "a revolutionary must become a cold killing machine motivated by pure hate"[127]—constituted hate speech.[127][128] The EFF disputed the SAHRC's ruling.[127]

Intimidation of journalists and the media edit

Journalist Ranjeni Munusamy lodged an affidavit in December 2018 detailing threatening remarks, intimidation, harassment, and personal attacks made by party members, including Malema, towards her and other journalists[129] targeted by the party. The affidavit was supported by the South African National Editors Forum and other notable South African journalists such as Max du Preez, Pauli VanWyk, Adriaan Jurgens Basson, and Barry Bateman.[129] The EFF denied any involvement in attacks on Munusamy and other journalists.[130]

"We need to ask the IEC how such a party can be on the ballot box. It threatens journalists. It encourages its supporters to make rape threats and sexual assault threats. It wants to dictate what I can do as a journalist."
—Karima Brown[131]

South African political journalist Karima Brown was the target of verbal abuse and threats of violence by EFF supporters following the EFF's publication of her personal contact details. This led to charges being laid by the police and Equity Court against the party, amid speculation that the instance might be in breach of South Africa's Electoral Code of Conduct. Parties in breach of the code risk having their registration to run in elections revoked.[132] Regarding the incident, Malema stated that journalists have no privileges, accused Brown of being a state agent, and denied that EFF supporters were making threatening remarks.[133] The court found in favour of Brown and ruled that the EFF had contravened the South African electoral code by inciting its supporters to harass Brown.[134]

Following the publication of an article by the amaBhungane Centre for investigative journalism looking into allegations of corruption by the EFF, the party controversially announced that it would be banning both amaBhungane and the Daily Maverick from its public events[94][135][136] and that they would be treated as enemies of the party.[137]

In 2018, the party's deputy president, Floyd Shivambu, was filmed and charged with assaulting Netwerk24 journalist Adrian de Kock in Parliament.[138][139] In January 2020, the EFF was forced to publicly apologize and pay damages following a Gauteng High Court judgment that the party had made and spread false allegations that two journalists, Thandeka Gqubule and Anton Harber, had been apartheid-era U.S. 'StratCom' agents.[140][141]

Legal issues edit

In May 2019, the EFF was found guilty of defamation of character by the South Gauteng High Court and ordered to pay R500,000 in damages to former Finance Minister Trevor Manuel.[142] Manuel brought the EFF and its leader Malema to court after they had alleged that the appointment of Edward Kieswetter as commissioner of SARS by Manuel was the result of nepotism.[142][143] Following the judgement, Manuel stated that he would be donating the R500,000 in damages to victims of the VBS Mutual Bank scandal in which the EFF is alleged to have participated.[144]

Following a string of court-case losses for inciting supporters to commit acts of intimidation (against journalist Brown), land invasion (which case was brought by AfriForum), or defamation of character (against ANC politician Manuel), the party was left with combined court costs amounting to almost R1 million.[145]

Attacking the judiciary edit

The judicial monitoring organisation Judges Matter[146] and the South African Ministry of Justice[147] have condemned the EFF and its leader Malema for making unsubstantiated comments[146] that, according to Judges Matter, are "an attack on the judiciary, a threat to judicial independence, and almost certainly a violation of the Constitution".[148] This followed accusations Malema made in a criminal case against him for illegally discharging a firearm in a stadium.[148][146][147] Malema accused the magistrate of incompetence and corruption when the magistrate refused to dismiss the case. Malema went on to make unsubstantiated accusations that the judgement was part of a conspiracy against him or his party.[148][149][150] In addition to Malema, other senior EFF members—such as Dali Mpofu and Griffiths Madonsela—have made accusations, without evidence, against the judiciary and attacked the character of individual judges.[149][151]

Racism and ethnic prejudice edit

Anti-Indian racism edit

The South African Minority Rights Equality Movement initiated a court case against Malema for inciting racial sentiment after he stated that a "majority of Indians are racist" at an EFF Youth Day rally in 2018.[152]

The EFF was criticized by the South African Council of Churches, the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation,[153] and the ANC[154] for comparing Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan to a "dog" while protesting against the Zondo Commission inquiry into government corruption. The EFF also accused the anti-corruption investigators of being members of an "Indian cabal", in reference to Indian South Africans making up the investigative team.[155][156] The EFF also retaliated against Gordhan by accusing him and his daughter of corruption.[157] These accusations were proven false[158][159] and Gordhan laid charges of defamation against Malema, stating that the EFF's "determined defence of corruption and the corrupt, using personal attacks, racism and alleged hate speech is not acceptable and must be challenged".[160] The Equality Court declared that the EFF was not guilty of hate speech in its statements relating to Gordhan.[161][162] The EFF leadership and its supporters have been criticized for using Gordhan's second name, Jamnadas, as a racial dog whistle to highlight his Indian ethnicity in a pejorative way and question his status as a South African on social media.[163]

ANC member and government minister, the late Jackson Mthembu, accused the EFF of being racist and having a "deep-seated hatred" for Indian South Africans when he criticized the party's pursuit of Gordhan during a parliamentary debate.[164][165]

Anti-white racism edit

Since its establishment, the EFF has made a number of controversial racially- or ethnically-based statements about a number of South African minority groups, particularly white South Africans. The party has been criticized for adopting a biological interpretation of race that allows the EFF to easily generalize and attribute racism to particular groups or individuals based on their demographic classification; they are in turn targeted for racial prejudice by the party.[166] This has had a polarizing and radicalizing impact on South African politics.[166] Leaders of the party have targeted a number of public servants, journalists, and communities based on their race.[166]

During a 2016 political rally, EFF leader Julius Malema stated, "We are not calling for the slaughter of white people, at least for now." When asked for comment by a news agency, the ANC spokesperson, Zizi Kodwa, stated that there would be no comment from the ANC, as "[Malema] was addressing his own party supporters".[167] While still the ANCYL leader, Malema was taken to the Equality Court by AfriForum for repeatedly singing "dubul' ibhunu", meaning "shoot the Boer". The ANC supported Malema, though AfriForum and the ANC reached a settlement before the appeal case was due to be argued in the Supreme Court of Appeal.[168] A later 2022 hate-speech case brought against Malema by AfriForum for singing the same song found that the song was not hate speech.[169][170]

South Africa's Independent Electoral Commission disqualified EFF councillor Thabo Mabotja from the 2016 local elections due to a tweet by Mabotja calling for the hacking and killing of white South Africans.[171][172] The EFF formally welcomed the commission's decision and renounced Mabotja.[173][174]

Speaking at a political rally in 2018, Malema told supporters to "go after a white man", a reference to Nelson Mandela Bay mayor Athol Trollip, adding that "we are cutting the throat of whiteness".[175] This led to the Democratic Alliance accusing the EFF's leader of racism and not sharing the more tolerant views of South Africans broadly.[176] The EFF later stated that the reference to the "throat of whiteness" was "a metaphorical reference to destroying white privilege" and was "not referring or advocating harm to white people".[177]

Following the death of former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, Malema tweeted a number of controversial quotes from the late Mugabe that were malicious towards white people, most notably "The only white man you can trust is a dead white man."[178][179] The SAHRC condemned the quote and stated that it would be taking Malema to court for spreading hate speech.[180]

Ideological criticisms edit

Accusations of militarism and dictatorial practices edit

In 2013, the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa criticized the EFF's "military command structure" and its failure to clarify who should take ownership over nationalized sections of the economy.[181] In April 2019, a former member of the EFF's central command, Thembinkosi Rawula, accused senior party leaders of dictatorial leadership practices.[113] The EFF denied Rawula's accusation and stated that it would sue him for defamation as well as make the party's financial information public.[182]

Allegations of fascism and anti-feminism edit

The party's practices and racial views have been widely defined as "fascist" by journalists,[183][184][185] commentators,[186][187][188][189] academics,[190][191][192] and other political parties.[193][194] Some commentators have compared its leader Julius Malema, and the party's cult of personality surrounding him, to Adolf Hitler[195][196][197] and Benito Mussolini.[198][199][200] The ANC’s National Executive Committee has described the EFF as a "proto-fascist party run dictatorially".[201] Gareth van Onselen, who worked for the Democratic Alliance for twelve years,[202] accused the party of being "fascist" due to its legacy of racial prejudice in a 2018 article.[203] In mid-June 2016, a group calling themselves "Anonymous Africa", claiming to be associated with the hacktivist group Anonymous, condemned the party and perpetrated a DDoS attack on the EFF's website, stating the reason to be the party's "nationalist socialist rhetoric".[204] South African academic Vishwas Satgar has argued that the EFF is not comparable to fascist parties of the twentieth century, but that it is instead a black neo-fascist party based on the ideologies of centralized state ownership and control along with African nativism.[166] According to Satgar, its appeals to "race baiting, nativist nationalism, hypermasculinity, and disposition to violence are similar in these respects to the new fascisms rising in Europe, the United States, and India."[166]

The EFF's leader has been criticized in the media for the party's lack of focus on feminist politics,[205] with some critics accusing the party of anti-feminism. Feminists have argued that the party's militaristic language undermines its commitment to women's rights, while disaffected female party members have criticized the EFF for having a patriarchal power structure.[206][207]

Election results edit

National elections edit

National Assembly edit

Election Total votes Share of vote Seats +/– Government
2014[208] 1,169,259 6.35%
25 / 400
   25 in opposition
2019 1,881,521 10.79%
44 / 400
   19 in opposition

National Council of Provinces edit

Election Total # of
seats won 		+/–
2014
7 / 90
   7
2019
11 / 90
   4

Provincial elections edit

Election
[208][209] 		Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng Kwazulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga North-West Northern Cape Western Cape
% Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats
2014 3.48% 2/63 8.15% 2/30 10.30% 8/73 1.85% 2/80 10.74% 6/49 6.26% 2/30 13.21% 5/33 4.96% 2/30 2.11% 1/42
2019 7.84% 5/63 12.58% 4/30 14.69% 11/73 9.71% 8/80 14.43% 7/49 12.79% 4/30 18.36% 6/33 9.71% 3/30 4.04% 2/42

Municipal elections edit

Election Votes %
2016[210] 3,202,679 8.31%
2021[211] 3,223,828 10.54%

See also edit

References edit

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  4. ^ "S.Africa's ANC gets 46% of vote in municipal elections -final count". Reuters. 4 November 2021. from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
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  14. ^ Reuters. 17 August 2018. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  15. ^ South African lawmakers disrupt parliament and demand Zuma #PayBackTheMoney 8 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine. AlJazeera. Published 22 August 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
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  20. ^ Setumo Stone (11 July 2013). "Malema takes command of Economic Freedom Fighters". Business Day. from the original on 14 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  21. ^ Cohen, Mike (26 February 2020). . Bloomberg via Washington Post. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  22. ^ SAPA (28 July 2013). "EFF readies for election registration as over 1 000 members recruited". The Times. from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
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Further reading edit

  • Van Onselen, Gareth (29 July 2013). "Malema steals young communists' thunder". Business Day. from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  • Pillay, Verashni (21 February 2014). "EFF: You want land, a loan? You got it". Mail & Guardian. from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  • Julius Malema (preface), EFF 2014 Elections Manifesto, Economic Freedom Fighters.

External links edit

  • Official website
  • (Archived)

January 01, 1970
economic, freedom, fighters, south, african, marxist, leninist, black, nationalist, political, party, founded, expelled, former, african, national, congress, youth, league, ancyl, president, julius, malema, allies, 2013, malema, president, heading, central, co. The Economic Freedom Fighters EFF is a South African Marxist Leninist and black nationalist political party It was founded by expelled former African National Congress Youth League ANCYL President Julius Malema and his allies in 2013 19 Malema is President of the EFF heading the Central Command Team which serves as the central structure of the party 20 It is currently the third largest party in both houses of the Parliament of South Africa 21 The party is also the official opposition in three of South Africa s nine provincial legislatures Economic Freedom FightersAbbreviationEFFPresidentJulius MalemaChairpersonVeronica MenteSecretary GeneralMarshall DlaminiSpokespersonSinawo TamboLeigh Ann MathysDeputy PresidentFloyd ShivambuDeputy Secretary GeneralPoppy MailolaTreasurer GeneralOmphile MaotweFoundersJulius MalemaFloyd ShivambuFounded26 July 2013 2013 07 26 Split fromAfrican National CongressHeadquarters119 Marshall Street Johannesburg GautengStudent wingEFFSCMembership 2022 1 085 843 1 IdeologyCommunism 2 Marxism Leninism 3 4 Black nationalism 5 6 Fanonism 7 Sankarism 8 Pan Africanism 9 Anti capitalism 10 11 Anti imperialism 12 Anti Zionism 13 Political positionFar left 14 15 16 Colours Red 10 11 17 Slogan Our land and jobs now 18 National Assembly44 400National Council of Provinces11 90Pan African Parliament1 5 South African seats Provincial Legislatures50 430City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality council 30 270Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality council 6 120City of Cape Town council 10 231Websiteeffonline wbr orgPolitics of South AfricaPolitical partiesElections Contents 1 History 1 1 Foundation and early history 1 2 Recent actions and activities 2 Ideology and policies 2 1 Marxist Leninist ideology 2 2 Economics 2 3 Foreign policy 2 3 1 Within Africa 2 3 2 Outside Africa 2 4 LGBT rights 3 Support base and prominent members 3 1 Student wing 4 Criticisms and controversies 4 1 Allegations of foreign ties 4 2 Alleged corruption 4 2 1 Tenders 4 2 2 VBS Mutual Bank 4 3 Connections to violence 4 3 1 Intimidation of journalists and the media 4 4 Legal issues 4 4 1 Attacking the judiciary 4 5 Racism and ethnic prejudice 4 5 1 Anti Indian racism 4 5 2 Anti white racism 4 6 Ideological criticisms 4 6 1 Accusations of militarism and dictatorial practices 4 6 2 Allegations of fascism and anti feminism 5 Election results 5 1 National elections 5 1 1 National Assembly 5 1 2 National Council of Provinces 5 2 Provincial elections 5 3 Municipal elections 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksHistory editFoundation and early history edit At a 26 July 2013 press briefing in Soweto Malema announced that the new party had over 1000 members double the 500 required for registration with the Independent Electoral Commission IEC 22 The EFF is now registered with the IEC after an objection to its registration by the Freedom Front Plus FF was dismissed in September 2013 23 In 2015 the EFF suspended MP Lucky Twala and expelled three MPs Mpho Ramakatsa Andile Mngxitama and Khanyisile Litchfield Tshabalala 24 Mngxitama formed his own party named Black First Land First BLF 25 while Litchfield Tshabalala joined the United Democratic Movement 26 Malema has been chiefly accused by former members of purging his critics to consolidate his power thus ruling the party with an iron fist 27 Malema acknowledged this criticism in a press conference and went on to say that the party should have expelled more ill disciplined members Recent actions and activities edit On 6 August 2015 the EFF announced that it has secured a Constitutional Court case for its PayBackTheMoney campaign against Jacob Zuma The case was heard on 9 February 2016 The judgement was released by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng and stated that the then President had violated the Constitution of South Africa along with the Speaker of the National Assembly Baleka Mbete 28 The President was given 60 days to fulfill the requirements of the Public Protector Thuli Madonsela 29 On 27 February 2018 the EFF tabled a motion in the National Assembly to amend the Constitution so as to allow for the expropriation of land without compensation The motion brought by the EFF leader Julius Malema was adopted with a vote of 241 in support and 83 against The only parties who did not support the motion were the Democratic Alliance Freedom Front Plus Congress of the People and the ACDP 30 Land expropriation is one of the EFF s seven cardinal pillars 31 In 2018 the party s student wing the EFF Student Command came in first at several Student Representative Council elections defeating the African National Congress ANC aligned South African Students Congress SASCO at the Durban University of Technology the University of Zululand and Mangosuthu University of Technology 32 They also won in Cape Town the District Six Mowbray and Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology CPUT campuses with landslide victories They also won the University of Cape Town 33 Peter Keetse president of the EFFSC said the win was a warning shot for what was going to happen in 2019 national general elections He said the youth were the influencers of the future this is an indication of what is to follow 34 In March 2023 the party attempted to organise a national shutdown in protest of loadshedding and calling for South African President Cyril Ramaphosa to step down The shutdown was widely reported as ineffective 35 36 37 38 and involved an number of instances of fake news spread by party supporters 39 40 41 Ideology and policies editMarxist Leninist ideology edit nbsp A small march by the EFF protesting in support of land reform in South Africa The EFF draws inspiration from the broad Marxist Leninist tradition and Fanonian schools of thought in their analyses of the state imperialism culture and class contradictions in every society according to its constitution 7 42 The EFF states that it takes inspiration from Burkinabe President Thomas Sankara in terms of both style and Marxist ideology 43 Prominent EFF member Jackie Shandu declared the party a proudly Sankarist formation 8 Economics edit It criticises the African National Congress and their primary opposition the Democratic Alliance for their allegedly pro business stances which it claims have sold out the black people of South Africa to capitalism as cheap labour However after 2016 local elections in South Africa the EFF has suggested that they would back the Democratic Alliance in hung metro areas while reiterating that they would not be entering into a coalition with any political party 44 It promises to tackle corruption provide quality social housing and provide free primary healthcare and education for all as well as proposing to expropriate White owned farmland nationalise the mining and banking sectors double welfare grants and the minimum wage and end the proposed toll system for highways 45 The EFF has been vocal in its criticism of black business owners and black owners of mining companies in South Africa In an address at the Oxford Union in November 2015 Malema spoke out against billionaire mining company owner Patrice Motsepe 46 47 Further protests in 2015 the EFF delivered demands that included the socialisation of the mining sector and called for more explicit targets for the 26 BEE ownership required by law 48 The EFF is a vocal proponent of expanding the role of South African state owned enterprises in the national economy 49 50 Malema addressed a crowd in Marikana Rustenburg in the platinum mining area blaming mining companies and calling out platinum mining company Lonmin in particular for poverty in the region 51 The EFF was the only parliamentary party that opposed the 2018 political party funding bill a funding transparency law that requires political parties to publish who they receive funding from 52 Foreign policy edit Within Africa edit The EFF presents itself as a Pan Africanist party and supports the proposal for a United States of Africa In respect to this the EFF and Malema have repeatedly praised former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi promising to implement many of the policies in South Africa that Gaddafi implemented in Libya 53 54 55 The party is against presence of the American military bases in Africa most notably in Botswana 56 Prior to forming the EFF Malema had called for the overthrow of President Ian Khama s government in Botswana 57 The EFF has been strongly critical of the government of Eswatini one of the last absolute monarchies in the world advocating for democratic reforms in the country and the removal of borders between it and South Africa 58 The party has supported a number of efforts to support change in Eswatini ranging from trying to shutdown the Eswatini South Africa border with protest action 59 60 to criticizing the electoral process in the country 61 The EFF is critical of France s presence in Africa in 2022 the party picketed outside of and ultimately barricaded the country s embassy in Pretoria 62 The French ambassador to South Africa criticised the EFF for scapegoating France as the supposed source of all Africa s problems 63 Following the death of Queen Elizabeth the EFF announced that they would not mourn her passing instead stating that she never once acknowledged the atrocities her family inflicted on native people that Britain invaded across the world 64 Outside Africa edit The EFF is against Zionism 13 is strongly critical of Israel and its conflict with the Palestinians 65 referring to the country as evil and advocating for its destruction 66 67 During the 2023 Israel Hamas war the leader of the EFF Julius Malema stated the party s support for Hamas and that should the party win the 2024 election they would send arms to assist the organisation 68 69 The EFF officially supports Russia s 2022 invasion of Ukraine commending what they refer to as Russia s anti imperialist programme against NATO 56 During the Lady R incident the party stated their support for any prospect of South African exports of military equipment to Russia that might assist in its invasion of Ukraine 70 The party supports closer bilateral relations between South Africa and China whilst considering Taiwan to be an integral part of the People s Republic of China it has referred to the Chinese Communist Party as the torch bearer for all Marxist Leninist formations in the world 71 LGBT rights edit The EFF supports the rights of the LGBT community in Africa and officially condemns laws that seek to ban homosexuality 72 The party was critical of Uganda s 2023 Anti Homosexuality Bill and led a protest outside of the Ugandan embassy in South Africa urging Uganda s president not to sign it into law 73 74 75 However later in 2023 the party was strongly criticized by members of the South African LGBT community for inviting Patrick Lumumba a Kenyan professor known for making homophobic statements and who is publicly supportive of Uganda s 2023 Anti Homosexuality Bill to deliver the party s 10th anniversary lecture at the University of Cape Town 76 77 78 79 Support base and prominent members editAccording to a November 2013 Ipsos survey the party s supporters are younger than average with 49 being younger than 24 overwhelmingly black 99 and mostly male with women representing only 33 of the support base A disproportionate number of supporters live in Malema s home province of Limpopo 28 while only 1 live in KwaZulu Natal a more populous province 80 A 2018 survey conducted by social research company Citizen Surveys found that around 70 of EFF supporters were between the ages of 18 and 34 overwhelmingly black 97 mostly based in major metropolitan cities 48 predominantly male 62 with 43 of their support base located in Gauteng Province 81 The party was expected to make an impact in the 2014 general election taking between 4 per cent and 8 per cent of the national vote This was potentially enough for the party to hold the balance of power in provinces where the governing African National Congress was in danger of losing its absolute majority 45 The ANC retained its absolute majority whilst the EFF got 6 35 of the vote in the 2014 election 82 High profile members of the Central Command Team include Floyd Shivambu Fana Mokoena and Mbuyiseni Ndlozi National Spokesperson 83 Controversial businessman Kenny Kunene joined the Central Command Team in July 2013 before resigning from the Central Command Team on 20 August 2013 and from the organisation on 26 August 2013 84 85 On 4 November 2013 it was announced that Dali Mpofu had left the African National Congress ANC after 33 years of membership and joined the EFF 86 Student wing edit The Economic Freedom Fighters Students Command EFFSC is the party s student wing founded on 16 June 2015 87 88 It campaigns for free education 89 universal access to education and the elimination of registration fees 90 among other things Criticisms and controversies editAllegations of foreign ties edit The ANC has accused the Zimbabwean ruling party the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front ZANU PF of supporting the EFF in order to destabilise the ANC 91 In 2019 President Cyril Ramaphosa stated during a debate in Parliament that he had received numerous intelligence reports that the EFF is an MI6 project a project of the foreign arm of British intelligence agencies 92 The party s chairperson Dali Mpofu said he would shut down the EFF if the claims turned out to be true but he was removed as chairman in the same year 93 The president of the EFF Julius Malema never responded to the allegation either in Parliament or in the press Alleged corruption edit Tenders edit A number of articles published by investigative journalists have accused the party of using their influence to earn improper payments from government suppliers in cities where the EFF has significant representative power 94 An investigation by the amaBhungane centre for investigative journalism stated that the EFF received R500 000 in kickbacks from a company in return for a R1 26 billion contract to manage a fleet of vehicles used by the City of Johannesburg with tacit acquiescence of the Democratic Alliance 95 96 Another investigation alleges that the party improperly benefited from the awarding of a fuel supply contract for the City of Tshwane netting the party R15 million from successful contractors 97 VBS Mutual Bank edit See also VBS Mutual Bank Following the publication of a South African Reserve Bank report 98 into the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank implicating EFF deputy president Floyd Shivambu s brother media reports came out alleging that Shivambu received R10 million in illicit payments from VBS prior to it being placed under curatorship in March 2018 99 100 Prior to the publication of the Reserve Bank s report the EFF criticised the Reserve Bank for placing VBS under curatorship and accused it of victimising VBS on racial grounds 101 The EFF stated that it had seen no evidence that Shivambu received the R10 million 102 and called for government to recapitalise VBS Mutual Bank 103 whilst also taking legal action against those mentioned in the Reserve Bank report 104 A follow up investigation by the Daily Maverick alleged that the EFF illicitly received R1 8 million of VBS money through a network of proxy companies with the party s leadership notably Shivambu and Malema also illicitly receiving money though this network 105 After being approached by the Mail amp Guardian for comment on his personal financial expenses Floyd Shivambu admitted that money from VBS channeled through his brother was used to buy his Range Rover Sport valued at R680 000 106 By June 2021 Shivambu s brother had repaid R4 55 million and admitted to taking VBS money 107 A follow up investigation by the Daily Maverick found that R454 000 of VBS money was used to pay for the 2017 EFF birthday celebration 108 It also found that a total of R16 1 million was channeled through a Shivambu associated company largely for the benefit of the EFF 108 An additional investigation traced financial statements from an account that received VBS funds and allegedly controlled by Julius Malema leading the author of the investigation to estimate that Malema received and directly benefited from R5 3 million illegally taken from VBS 109 Additional media reports in October 2019 alleged that the party received R4 million of VBS funds into a slush fund that was channeled to Malema via a company named Santaclara Trading 110 111 112 A former member of the EFF s leadership accused the party leadership of accepting donations from VBS Mutual Bank prior to its collapse 113 The South African Parliament s joint ethics committee found that Shivambu had received at least R180 000 in three payments of VBS money from his brother s company Sgameka Projects Pty Ltd in 2017 but found no evidence that Malema received any VBS related funds 114 115 Malema has forwarded a conspiracy theory that the VBS collapse was part of a plot intended to damage the EFF 116 Connections to violence edit In October 2018 a group of seventeen former EFF members and councillors in the Northern Cape accused the party s senior leadership of corruption and sexual exploitation of more junior female party members 117 Four months later two former female employees of the EFF claimed that party leadership had intimidated and engaged in acts of bullying behaviour towards them and other party staff members 118 Following the temporary removal of eight EFF provincial MPs 119 from Gauteng Provincial Legislature a large number of EFF members protesting against the ruling stormed the provincial legislature building 120 During violent university protests characterized by arson and vandalism EFF Youth leader Omphile Seleke posted instructions on how to make petrol bombs on social media 121 A Vodacom store in Polokwane was damaged and looted by EFF members following a presentation by Corruption Watch at the 2018 Vodacom Awards which included an image depicting EFF leaders Malema and Shivambu as abusers of Democracy 122 123 Following the 2019 State of the Nation address in parliament by President Ramaphosa EFF MP Marshall Dlamini physically assaulted a member of the presidential security team after a disagreement between EFF MPs and security 124 During an October 2022 speech to members of the Western Cape EFF branch Malema stated that party members should never be scared to kill in pursuit of what Malema described as the party s revolution 125 126 The South African Human Rights Commission SAHRC ruled that the statement along with seven others made by the EFF such as a revolutionary must become a cold killing machine motivated by pure hate 127 constituted hate speech 127 128 The EFF disputed the SAHRC s ruling 127 Intimidation of journalists and the media editJournalist Ranjeni Munusamy lodged an affidavit in December 2018 detailing threatening remarks intimidation harassment and personal attacks made by party members including Malema towards her and other journalists 129 targeted by the party The affidavit was supported by the South African National Editors Forum and other notable South African journalists such as Max du Preez Pauli VanWyk Adriaan Jurgens Basson and Barry Bateman 129 The EFF denied any involvement in attacks on Munusamy and other journalists 130 We need to ask the IEC how such a party can be on the ballot box It threatens journalists It encourages its supporters to make rape threats and sexual assault threats It wants to dictate what I can do as a journalist Karima Brown 131 South African political journalist Karima Brown was the target of verbal abuse and threats of violence by EFF supporters following the EFF s publication of her personal contact details This led to charges being laid by the police and Equity Court against the party amid speculation that the instance might be in breach of South Africa s Electoral Code of Conduct Parties in breach of the code risk having their registration to run in elections revoked 132 Regarding the incident Malema stated that journalists have no privileges accused Brown of being a state agent and denied that EFF supporters were making threatening remarks 133 The court found in favour of Brown and ruled that the EFF had contravened the South African electoral code by inciting its supporters to harass Brown 134 Following the publication of an article by the amaBhungane Centre for investigative journalism looking into allegations of corruption by the EFF the party controversially announced that it would be banning both amaBhungane and the Daily Maverick from its public events 94 135 136 and that they would be treated as enemies of the party 137 In 2018 the party s deputy president Floyd Shivambu was filmed and charged with assaulting Netwerk24 journalist Adrian de Kock in Parliament 138 139 In January 2020 the EFF was forced to publicly apologize and pay damages following a Gauteng High Court judgment that the party had made and spread false allegations that two journalists Thandeka Gqubule and Anton Harber had been apartheid era U S StratCom agents 140 141 Legal issues edit In May 2019 the EFF was found guilty of defamation of character by the South Gauteng High Court and ordered to pay R500 000 in damages to former Finance Minister Trevor Manuel 142 Manuel brought the EFF and its leader Malema to court after they had alleged that the appointment of Edward Kieswetter as commissioner of SARS by Manuel was the result of nepotism 142 143 Following the judgement Manuel stated that he would be donating the R500 000 in damages to victims of the VBS Mutual Bank scandal in which the EFF is alleged to have participated 144 Following a string of court case losses for inciting supporters to commit acts of intimidation against journalist Brown land invasion which case was brought by AfriForum or defamation of character against ANC politician Manuel the party was left with combined court costs amounting to almost R1 million 145 Attacking the judiciary edit The judicial monitoring organisation Judges Matter 146 and the South African Ministry of Justice 147 have condemned the EFF and its leader Malema for making unsubstantiated comments 146 that according to Judges Matter are an attack on the judiciary a threat to judicial independence and almost certainly a violation of the Constitution 148 This followed accusations Malema made in a criminal case against him for illegally discharging a firearm in a stadium 148 146 147 Malema accused the magistrate of incompetence and corruption when the magistrate refused to dismiss the case Malema went on to make unsubstantiated accusations that the judgement was part of a conspiracy against him or his party 148 149 150 In addition to Malema other senior EFF members such as Dali Mpofu and Griffiths Madonsela have made accusations without evidence against the judiciary and attacked the character of individual judges 149 151 Racism and ethnic prejudice edit Anti Indian racism edit The South African Minority Rights Equality Movement initiated a court case against Malema for inciting racial sentiment after he stated that a majority of Indians are racist at an EFF Youth Day rally in 2018 152 The EFF was criticized by the South African Council of Churches the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation 153 and the ANC 154 for comparing Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan to a dog while protesting against the Zondo Commission inquiry into government corruption The EFF also accused the anti corruption investigators of being members of an Indian cabal in reference to Indian South Africans making up the investigative team 155 156 The EFF also retaliated against Gordhan by accusing him and his daughter of corruption 157 These accusations were proven false 158 159 and Gordhan laid charges of defamation against Malema stating that the EFF s determined defence of corruption and the corrupt using personal attacks racism and alleged hate speech is not acceptable and must be challenged 160 The Equality Court declared that the EFF was not guilty of hate speech in its statements relating to Gordhan 161 162 The EFF leadership and its supporters have been criticized for using Gordhan s second name Jamnadas as a racial dog whistle to highlight his Indian ethnicity in a pejorative way and question his status as a South African on social media 163 ANC member and government minister the late Jackson Mthembu accused the EFF of being racist and having a deep seated hatred for Indian South Africans when he criticized the party s pursuit of Gordhan during a parliamentary debate 164 165 Anti white racism edit Since its establishment the EFF has made a number of controversial racially or ethnically based statements about a number of South African minority groups particularly white South Africans The party has been criticized for adopting a biological interpretation of race that allows the EFF to easily generalize and attribute racism to particular groups or individuals based on their demographic classification they are in turn targeted for racial prejudice by the party 166 This has had a polarizing and radicalizing impact on South African politics 166 Leaders of the party have targeted a number of public servants journalists and communities based on their race 166 During a 2016 political rally EFF leader Julius Malema stated We are not calling for the slaughter of white people at least for now When asked for comment by a news agency the ANC spokesperson Zizi Kodwa stated that there would be no comment from the ANC as Malema was addressing his own party supporters 167 While still the ANCYL leader Malema was taken to the Equality Court by AfriForum for repeatedly singing dubul ibhunu meaning shoot the Boer The ANC supported Malema though AfriForum and the ANC reached a settlement before the appeal case was due to be argued in the Supreme Court of Appeal 168 A later 2022 hate speech case brought against Malema by AfriForum for singing the same song found that the song was not hate speech 169 170 South Africa s Independent Electoral Commission disqualified EFF councillor Thabo Mabotja from the 2016 local elections due to a tweet by Mabotja calling for the hacking and killing of white South Africans 171 172 The EFF formally welcomed the commission s decision and renounced Mabotja 173 174 Speaking at a political rally in 2018 Malema told supporters to go after a white man a reference to Nelson Mandela Bay mayor Athol Trollip adding that we are cutting the throat of whiteness 175 This led to the Democratic Alliance accusing the EFF s leader of racism and not sharing the more tolerant views of South Africans broadly 176 The EFF later stated that the reference to the throat of whiteness was a metaphorical reference to destroying white privilege and was not referring or advocating harm to white people 177 Following the death of former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe Malema tweeted a number of controversial quotes from the late Mugabe that were malicious towards white people most notably The only white man you can trust is a dead white man 178 179 The SAHRC condemned the quote and stated that it would be taking Malema to court for spreading hate speech 180 Ideological criticisms edit Accusations of militarism and dictatorial practices edit In 2013 the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa criticized the EFF s military command structure and its failure to clarify who should take ownership over nationalized sections of the economy 181 In April 2019 a former member of the EFF s central command Thembinkosi Rawula accused senior party leaders of dictatorial leadership practices 113 The EFF denied Rawula s accusation and stated that it would sue him for defamation as well as make the party s financial information public 182 Allegations of fascism and anti feminism edit The party s practices and racial views have been widely defined as fascist by journalists 183 184 185 commentators 186 187 188 189 academics 190 191 192 and other political parties 193 194 Some commentators have compared its leader Julius Malema and the party s cult of personality surrounding him to Adolf Hitler 195 196 197 and Benito Mussolini 198 199 200 The ANC s National Executive Committee has described the EFF as a proto fascist party run dictatorially 201 Gareth van Onselen who worked for the Democratic Alliance for twelve years 202 accused the party of being fascist due to its legacy of racial prejudice in a 2018 article 203 In mid June 2016 a group calling themselves Anonymous Africa claiming to be associated with the hacktivist group Anonymous condemned the party and perpetrated a DDoS attack on the EFF s website stating the reason to be the party s nationalist socialist rhetoric 204 South African academic Vishwas Satgar has argued that the EFF is not comparable to fascist parties of the twentieth century but that it is instead a black neo fascist party based on the ideologies of centralized state ownership and control along with African nativism 166 According to Satgar its appeals to race baiting nativist nationalism hypermasculinity and disposition to violence are similar in these respects to the new fascisms rising in Europe the United States and India 166 The EFF s leader has been criticized in the media for the party s lack of focus on feminist politics 205 with some critics accusing the party of anti feminism Feminists have argued that the party s militaristic language undermines its commitment to women s rights while disaffected female party members have criticized the EFF for having a patriarchal power structure 206 207 Election results editNational elections edit National Assembly edit Election Total votes Share of vote Seats Government 2014 208 1 169 259 6 35 25 400 nbsp 25 in opposition 2019 1 881 521 10 79 44 400 nbsp 19 in opposition National Council of Provinces edit Election Total ofseats won 2014 7 90 nbsp 7 2019 11 90 nbsp 4 Provincial elections edit Election 208 209 Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng Kwazulu Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga North West Northern Cape Western Cape Seats Seats Seats Seats Seats Seats Seats Seats Seats 2014 3 48 2 63 8 15 2 30 10 30 8 73 1 85 2 80 10 74 6 49 6 26 2 30 13 21 5 33 4 96 2 30 2 11 1 42 2019 7 84 5 63 12 58 4 30 14 69 11 73 9 71 8 80 14 43 7 49 12 79 4 30 18 36 6 33 9 71 3 30 4 04 2 42 Municipal elections edit Election Votes 2016 210 3 202 679 8 31 2021 211 3 223 828 10 54 See also editBlack First Land First Economic Freedom Fighters of Swaziland Economic Freedom Party Namibian Economic Freedom Fighters Pan Africanist Congress of Azania Socialist Party of Azania Workers and Socialist PartyReferences edit Target of one million members reached Archived from the original on 22 December 2022 Retrieved 5 December 2022 EFF to launch communism workshops 17 September 2013 Archived from the original on 14 August 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Goldhammer Zack 1 August 2014 The Coded Clothes of South Africa s Economic Freedom Fighters The Atlantic Archived from the original on 14 November 2021 Retrieved 14 November 2021 S Africa s ANC gets 46 of vote in municipal elections final count Reuters 4 November 2021 Archived from the original on 11 November 2021 Retrieved 11 November 2021 Satgar Vishwas November 2019 Black Neofascism The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa Canadian Review of Sociology Revue Canadienne de Sociologie 56 4 580 605 doi 10 1111 cars 12265 PMID 31692263 S2CID 207894048 South Africa Judicial Activism On Zuma Has Limits Premium Times 30 December 2017 Archived from the original on 11 November 2021 Retrieved 11 November 2021 a b EFF Constitution PDF Economic Freedom Fighters 16 December 2016 Archived PDF from the original on 30 July 2020 Retrieved 25 April 2020 The EFF subscribes to the Marxist Leninist and Fanonian schools of thought on its analysis of the State imperialism class and race contradictions in every society a b Shandu Jackie 22 May 2014 The Sankarist makings of the EFF Daily Maverick Johannesburg Archived from the original on 6 November 2014 Retrieved 5 November 2014 Kwinika Savious 18 March 2019 South Africa Pan African EFF Makes Most of Rival Parties Squabbles allAfrica Archived from the original on 1 August 2020 Retrieved 16 April 2020 a b Economic Freedom Fighters Party reignites debate in English Al Jazeera 14 October 2013 Archived from the original on 2 November 2013 Retrieved 1 November 2013 a b Hundreds gather for EFF launch in English News24 13 October 2013 Archived from the original on 4 November 2013 Retrieved 1 November 2013 S Africa EFF s Malema wants incapable ANC out of local government Africanews 27 September 2021 Archived from the original on 14 November 2021 Retrieved 14 November 2021 a b Israel is an evil state that must be destroyed South Africa s EFF 19 May 2022 Archived from the original on 14 August 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 South Africa s opposition EFF introduces bill to nationalise Reuters 17 August 2018 Archived from the original on 18 August 2018 Retrieved 23 March 2019 South African lawmakers disrupt parliament and demand Zuma PayBackTheMoney Archived 8 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine AlJazeera Published 22 August 2014 Retrieved 8 April 2018 South African parliament descends into chaos Archived 9 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine Radio New Zealand Published 13 February 2015 Retrieved 8 April 2018 Red Tide From economic freedom to white genocide extremism grabs the spotlight in English Daily Maverick 14 October 2013 Archived from the original on 17 October 2013 Retrieved 1 November 2013 Daniel Luke 2 February 2019 EFF manifesto launch 2019 Five main talking points The South African Archived from the original on 30 July 2020 Retrieved 16 April 2020 Meggan Saville 12 July 2013 Malema launches his Economic Freedom Fighters Dispatch Online Archived from the original on 25 July 2013 Retrieved 16 July 2013 Setumo Stone 11 July 2013 Malema takes command of Economic Freedom Fighters Business Day Archived from the original on 14 July 2013 Retrieved 16 July 2013 Cohen Mike 26 February 2020 Why Land Seizure Is Back in the News in South Africa Bloomberg via Washington Post Archived from the original on 26 February 2020 Retrieved 25 April 2020 SAPA 28 July 2013 EFF readies for election registration as over 1 000 members recruited The Times Archived from the original on 30 July 2013 Retrieved 28 July 2013 Verashni Pillay 5 September 2013 It s official Malema s EFF is a political party Mail amp Guardian Archived from the original on 7 September 2013 Retrieved 5 September 2013 Genevieve Quintal 5 June 2015 Litchfield Tshabalala UDM s new national organiser Archived from the original on 30 September 2015 Elections 2019 Black First Land First www sabcnews com 21 April 2019 Archived from the original on 1 August 2020 Retrieved 17 April 2020 Deputy president dumps UDM as infighting claims surface The Daily Dispatch Archived from the original on 30 July 2020 Retrieved 17 April 2020 Nyathi Mandisa Masuabi Queenin 25 November 2019 Malema faces an EFF rebellion CityPress Archived from the original on 21 December 2019 Retrieved 20 April 2020 WATCH Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment Business Day Live Archived from the original on 4 April 2016 Retrieved 10 April 2016 Emsie Ferreira 6 August 2015 Lets meet in court Malema tells Zuma Archived from the original on 1 February 2016 Retrieved 26 January 2016 Goba Neo 27 February 2018 National Assembly adopts EFF motion on land expropriation TimesLIVE Archived from the original on 30 July 2020 Retrieved 20 April 2020 Jan Gerber 27 February 2018 National Assembly adopts motion on land expropriation without compensation Archived from the original on 20 September 2018 Retrieved 12 October 2018 Bhengu Lwandile 1 October 2018 EFF s student body victory is not a political mirror for 2019 elections says Sasco TimesLIVE Archived from the original on 30 July 2020 Retrieved 20 April 2020 Hlati Okuhle 3 October 2019 EFF claiming victory in UCT student elections Independent Online Archived from the original on 30 July 2020 Retrieved 20 April 2020 Kwandokuhle Njoli 30 September 2018 Comrades see red as students back EFF on campus Archived from the original on 13 October 2018 Retrieved 12 October 2018 Wagiet Rafiq 20 March 2023 EFF National Shutdown Did it have the desired effect No is the answer CapeTalk Retrieved 21 March 2023 Davis Rebecca 20 March 2023 ANALYSIS Gaslighters in Chief The true meaning of the EFF s big national fizzle Daily Maverick Retrieved 21 March 2023 Felix Jason Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn out due to canceled buses ANC thanks SA for not joining marches News24 Retrieved 21 March 2023 Mashigo Lehlohonolo 21 March 2023 DA s Solly Malatsi says national shutdown was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse MSN Retrieved 21 March 2023 PesaCheck 20 March 2023 FALSE This video is not of Julius Malema s organised 2023 national shutdown in South Africa Medium Retrieved 26 May 2023 Nkanjeni Unathi Electricity minister denies EFF s national shutdown had anything to do with load shedding suspension TimesLIVE Retrieved 25 May 2023 PesaCheck 30 March 2023 FALSE The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding Medium Retrieved 25 May 2023 About Us Economic Freedom Fighters Archived from the original on 13 July 2020 Retrieved 16 April 2020 Duval Smith Alex 30 April 2014 Africa s Che Guevara Thomas Sankara s legacy British Broadcasting Corporation London Archived from the original on 1 November 2014 Retrieved 5 November 2014 Feltham Luke Malema says the EFF won t form coalitions but will support DA in hung metros The M amp G Online Archived from the original on 28 November 2016 Retrieved 27 November 2016 a b Economic Freedom Fighters on rise in South Africa The Irish Times 1 May 2014 Archived from the original on 6 May 2014 Retrieved 6 May 2014 Business Day www bdlive co za Archived from the original on 29 December 2015 Retrieved 27 November 2016 Jordaan Buchule Raba And Nomahlubi Patrice Motsepe has no power says Malema Times LIVE Archived from the original on 27 November 2016 Retrieved 27 November 2016 John Victoria Yes and no to EFF s list of demands The M amp G Online Archived from the original on 28 November 2016 Retrieved 27 November 2016 Lourie Gugu 3 February 2019 EFF Wants State To Create AI Robotics And BioTechnology Firms TechFinancials Archived from the original on 17 February 2019 Retrieved 17 February 2019 The EFF s 2019 election manifesto IV DOCUMENTS Politicsweb www politicsweb co za Archived from the original on 17 February 2019 Retrieved 17 February 2019 Tatai Sello SABC News Malema blames mining companies for high levels of poverty Thursday 7 July 2016 www sabc co za Archived from the original on 27 November 2016 Retrieved 27 November 2016 Reasons why the EFF rejects the political party funding bill Archived from the original on 15 September 2018 Retrieved 15 September 2018 Fearless Julius Malema All Africans Should watch this YouTube 2 September 2018 Archived from the original on 17 July 2021 Retrieved 19 November 2021 EFFSouthAfrica 27 April 2020 EFFFreedomDayRally Malema We must Tweet via Twitter EFFSouthAfrica 25 May 2018 EFFAfricaDay Malema We celebrate Tweet via Twitter a b ANC govt deliberately sabotaging Eskom EFF DOCUMENTS Politicsweb www politicsweb co za Archived from the original on 16 May 2022 Retrieved 18 May 2022 Botswana may lift ban on Malema Bushiri and others considered security concerns The Citizen 14 June 2019 Archived from the original on 20 March 2023 Retrieved 26 May 2022 Pambo Vuyani 29 June 2021 EFF STATEMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENTS IN ESWATINI PDF EFF Online Economic Freedom Flighters Retrieved 4 October 2023 Myeni Thabi South Africa s EFF leads peaceful protests at Eswatini borders www aljazeera com Retrieved 4 October 2023 Bhengu Cebelihle 19 April 2022 EFF shuts down Eswatini borders Here s why TimesLIVE Retrieved 4 October 2023 Malema describes eSwatini elections as a mockery of democracy SABC News 1 October 2023 Retrieved 4 October 2023 Khumalo Juniour Africa Day EFF in protest outside French embassy says continent remains at mercy of former colonial masters News24 Archived from the original on 26 May 2022 Retrieved 26 May 2022 France embassy responds to EFF s call for France to withdraw from African affairs SABC News archived from the original on 26 May 2022 retrieved 26 May 2022 A global outpouring of grief mixes with criticism of the monarchy The New York Times 9 September 2022 Archived from the original on 9 September 2022 Retrieved 9 September 2022 via The Indian Express EFF demands Israeli ambassador leaves SA as Palestinian death toll climbs to 58 News24 Archived from the original on 11 September 2022 Retrieved 11 September 2022 Israel is an evil state which must be destroyed as a matter of urgency EFF POLITICS Politicsweb www politicsweb co za Archived from the original on 11 September 2022 Retrieved 11 September 2022 Israel is an evil state that must be destroyed South Africa s EFF The Jerusalem Post JPost com 19 May 2022 Archived from the original on 14 August 2022 Retrieved 11 September 2022 Goba Thabiso When EFF governs SA we ll arm Hamas to fight for their freedom Malema ewn co za Retrieved 25 October 2023 Mbolekwa Sisanda 23 October 2023 When we take over in 2024 we will fund Hamas says Malema TimesLIVE Retrieved 25 October 2023 Morgan Kayleen If guns were given to Russia it was a good thing Malema ewn co za Archived from the original on 19 May 2023 Retrieved 19 May 2023 Mashigo Lehlohonolo 25 October 2022 EFF congratulates re election of General Secretary of Communist Party of China Independent Online Archived from the original on 15 March 2023 Retrieved 15 March 2023 EFF CONDEMNS UGANDA S ANTI HOMOSEXUALITY BILL PDF Economic Freedom Fighters 24 March 2023 Retrieved 5 April 2023 South African opposition protests Uganda s anti LGBTQ bill Yahoo News 4 April 2023 Retrieved 5 April 2023 Ramushwana Alpha EFF urges other African countries to unite against Uganda s anti LGBTQIA bill ewn co za Retrieved 5 April 2023 Mahlati Zintle WATCH Leave the people as they are Malema leads picket against Uganda s anti homosexuality bill News24 Retrieved 5 April 2023 Calitz Ernst 24 July 2023 CAMPUS STRIFE UCT students and staff protest against anti gay academic Patrick Lumumba at EFF event Daily Maverick Retrieved 3 August 2023 Hendricks Text by Mary Anne Gontsana Photos by Ashraf 24 July 2023 Supporters of gay rights and EFF members go head to head at UCT GroundUp News Retrieved 3 August 2023 Charles Marvin WATCH EFF has blood on its hands UCT students fume as controversial anti gay academic s talk goes ahead News24 Retrieved 3 August 2023 Igual Roberto 25 July 2023 EFF and LGBTQI students clash over queerphobic professor s UCT lecture MambaOnline Gay South Africa online Retrieved 3 August 2023 The supporter profiles of SA s three largest parties Politicsweb Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 Retrieved 6 February 2014 Citizen Surveys How many white EFF supporters exist and 11 other stats Citizen Surveys 1 November 2018 Archived from the original on 30 September 2019 Retrieved 30 September 2019 ANC wins 249 seats News24 12 May 2014 Archived from the original on 12 May 2014 Retrieved 30 September 2019 Economic Freedom Fighters Central Command Team effonline org Archived from the original on 12 August 2013 Retrieved 21 April 2018 Poloko Tau 21 August 2013 Sushi King quits EFF leadership Independent Online Archived from the original on 24 August 2013 Retrieved 24 August 2013 SAPA 26 August 2013 Kunene quits EFF News24 Archived from the original on 29 August 2013 Retrieved 5 September 2013 Dali Mpofu joins EFF Cape Times IOL co za 4 November 2013 Archived from the original on 2 December 2013 Retrieved 23 November 2013 Mabasa Nkateko 4 October 2018 RISE OF THE EFF YOUTH EFF Students Command brigades take university SRC elections by storm Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 3 August 2020 Retrieved 24 April 2020 Riddle Samantha 23 January 2019 EFF student command secretary Aseza Mayaphi arrested for wearing SANDF uniform briefly co za Archived from the original on 30 July 2020 Retrieved 24 April 2020 EFF Students Command issues fierce warning to universities The South African 21 January 2019 Archived from the original on 30 July 2020 Retrieved 22 April 2020 EFF Students Command demands fee free registration at universities or else News24 Archived from the original on 22 November 2019 Retrieved 24 April 2020 Natasha Marrian 29 July 2013 Mantashe hits out at EFF for distorting the Freedom Charter Business Day Archived from the original on 1 August 2013 Retrieved 30 July 2013 Cele S thembile 14 February 2019 Ramaphosa I was warned that the EFF was an MI6 project City Press Retrieved 18 April 2023 Mpofu promises to shut EFF down if MI6 allegations turn out to be true The Citizen 18 February 2019 Archived from the original on 28 September 2022 Retrieved 18 April 2023 a b Malema and EFF get R15m in kickbacks in Tshwane fuel scandal report citizen co za 30 September 2019 Archived from the original on 1 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Micah Reddy and Stefaans Brummer 29 November 2018 Firm that won R1bn Jo burg fleet contract paid Malema EFF slush fund amaBhungane amabhungane org Archived from the original on 30 November 2018 Retrieved 29 November 2018 Tender comrades part 1 Trailing the Juju tractor amaBhungane Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 amaBhungane Stefaans Brummer amp Micah Reddy for 29 September 2019 AMABHUNGANE Tender Comrades Part Two Tshwane tenderpreneur s R15m EFF tithe Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 10 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Motau Terry 10 October 2018 The Great Bank Heist Investigator s Report to the Prudential Authority PDF South African Reserve Bank p 135 Archived PDF from the original on 26 June 2019 Retrieved 11 October 2018 Van Wyk Pauli 11 October 2018 The Shivambu Brothers and the Great VBS Heist Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 11 October 2018 Retrieved 11 October 2018 Jika Sabelo Skiti Thanduxolo 12 October 2018 PIC VBS Floyd and his baby brother The M amp G Online Archived from the original on 12 October 2018 Retrieved 13 October 2018 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Ndlozi Mbuyiseni Quintin 11 March 2018 EFF STATEMENT ON VBS CURATORSHIP EFF Economic Freedom Fighters Economic Freedom Fighters Archived from the original on 13 October 2018 Retrieved 13 October 2018 Money was exchanged but Floyd did not get any from VBS bank says Malema Archived from the original on 16 October 2018 Retrieved 16 October 2018 Zintle Mahlati 16 October 2018 EFF calls for VBS to be recapitalised IOL News IOL Archived from the original on 16 October 2018 Retrieved 16 October 2018 Mvumvu Zingisa 16 October 2018 Malema VBS allegations meant to discredit the EFF Dispatch Live Archived from the original on 16 October 2018 Retrieved 16 October 2018 Wyk Pauli Van 21 November 2018 VBS bank heist EFF s family ties and moneyed connections Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 21 November 2018 Retrieved 21 November 2018 Skiti Thanduxolo Jika Sabelo 26 September 2019 VBS s R680k paid for Floyd s wheels The M amp G Online Archived from the original on 30 September 2019 Retrieved 30 September 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Wyk Pauli Van 6 June 2021 SCORPIO Floyd Shivambu s brother quietly pays back R4 55m admits he received the VBS money gratuitously Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 7 June 2021 Retrieved 7 June 2021 a b Wyk Pauli Van 27 May 2019 SCORPIO Cruising nicely on VBS EFF s Parties Lies and Looted Money Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 2 June 2019 Retrieved 1 June 2019 Wyk Pauli Van 8 September 2019 SCORPIO VBS Theft Money Laundering amp Life s Little Luxuries Julius Malema s time of spending dangerously Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 30 September 2019 Retrieved 30 September 2019 Over R4m in concerning payments made into Malema slush fund report citizen co za 13 October 2019 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Julius Malema s slush fund exposed TimesLIVE Archived from the original on 16 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Malema linked to another company that had a VBS loan report News24 13 October 2019 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 a b Lizeka Tandwa and Tshidi Madia 5 April 2019 Former EFF leader accuses Malema Shivambu of taking VBS donation party denies claims News24 Archived from the original on 8 April 2019 Retrieved 9 April 2019 Maliti Jason Felix and Soyiso Parliament closes Malema s VBS Bank file due to lack of evidence News24 Retrieved 4 October 2023 Merten Marianne 2 October 2023 Ethics committee raps Floyd Shivambu on knuckles over VBS payments Daily Maverick Retrieved 4 October 2023 WATCH VBS was meant to collapse and finish EFF Malema News24 3 May 2019 Archived from the original on 1 June 2019 Retrieved 1 June 2019 reporter Citizen 7 October 2018 Expelled EFF members accuse Malema Shivambu of corruption want to work with Hawks The Citizen Archived from the original on 13 October 2018 Retrieved 13 October 2018 Peter Zamayirha 16 February 2019 More women make claims of EFF bullying and abuse CityPress Archived from the original on 22 February 2019 Retrieved 22 February 2019 EFF kicked out of Gauteng Legislature enca co za 1 July 2014 Archived from the original on 28 July 2014 Retrieved 24 July 2014 EFF storm Gauteng Provincial Legislature ewn co za 24 July 2014 Archived from the original on 29 July 2014 Retrieved 24 July 2014 de Lange Ilse 29 February 2016 EFF s petrol bomb recipe fuels Tuks fears The Citizen Archived from the original on 14 April 2017 Retrieved 14 April 2017 Seleka Ntwaagae 4 December 2018 Matter now closed EFF Vodacom issue joint statement following unrest News24 Archived from the original on 2 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 Staff Writer 4 December 2018 Why Vodacom met with the EFF mybroadband co za Archived from the original on 1 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 Gerber Jan 8 February 2019 EFF MP slaps man after SONA www news24 com Archived from the original on 9 February 2019 Retrieved 8 February 2019 Malema reported to SAHRC for latest kill remarks AfriForum DOCUMENTS Politicsweb www politicsweb co za Archived from the original on 23 October 2022 Retrieved 23 October 2022 Reporter Citizen 21 October 2022 Never be scared to kill AfriForum reports Malema to SAHRC for inciting violence The Citizen Archived from the original on 23 October 2022 Retrieved 23 October 2022 a b c Dispute between EFF and Human Rights Commission heading for equality court The Mail amp Guardian 11 November 2022 Archived from the original on 20 March 2023 Retrieved 11 November 2022 Khumalo Juniour SAHRC declares Malema s killing is a revolutionary act statements hate speech News24 Archived from the original on 11 November 2022 Retrieved 11 November 2022 a b Munusamy Ranjeni 19 December 2018 Supporting Affidavit Navaranjeni Munusamy PDF South African National Editors Forum Archived from the original PDF on 1 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 Shange Naledi 19 December 2018 EFF denies involvement in attacks on journalists www timeslive co za Archived from the original on 1 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 Karima Brown vows to lay further complaints as EFF supporters continue to attack African News Agency 20 March 2016 Archived from the original on 6 March 2019 Retrieved 6 March 2019 Karima Brown vows to lay further complaints as EFF supporters continue to attack IOL News www iol co za Archived from the original on 6 March 2019 Retrieved 7 March 2019 How do you hold an underground editor accountable Malema on Karima Brown matter News24 6 March 2019 Archived from the original on 6 March 2019 Retrieved 7 March 2019 Davis Rebecca 6 June 2019 REPORT EFF court losses mount as Karima Brown wins battle but faces criticism of her own Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 16 June 2019 Retrieved 19 June 2019 Maverick Daily 12 September 2019 Editorial This is What Panic Looks Like Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Sanef appalled by Malema s call to ban amaBhungane Daily Maverick s Scorpio from EFF events News24 13 September 2019 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Malema bans amaBhungane and Daily Maverick s Scorpio from EFF events We shall treat them as enemies News24 12 September 2019 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Evans Jenni 21 March 2018 I m sorry my brother says Shivambu to journo following scuffle The Mail amp Guardian Retrieved 3 December 2023 Evans Jenni Photographer denies using Shivambu assault charge to make money News24 Retrieved 3 December 2023 EFF retracts Stratcom agent allegations against Gqubule and Harber apologises after court order News24 25 January 2020 Archived from the original on 25 January 2020 Retrieved 25 January 2020 Snijman Lia 24 January 2020 NEWSFLASH EFF Ndlozi have twenty four hours to pay damages to journalists Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 24 January 2020 Retrieved 25 January 2020 a b Quintal Genevieve 30 May 2019 Court vindicates Trevor Manuel in defamation battle with EFF BusinessLIVE Archived from the original on 1 June 2019 Retrieved 1 June 2019 Modise Kgomotso Challenge me don t defame Manuel to EFF in Kieswetter nepotism matter ewn co za Archived from the original on 1 June 2019 Retrieved 1 June 2019 Khumalo Sibongile 31 May 2019 Trevor Manuel I don t need a cent of EFF money Fin24 Archived from the original on 31 May 2019 Retrieved 1 June 2019 Watson Amanda 19 June 2019 EFF wallows in legal debt of almost R1m citizen co za Archived from the original on 19 June 2019 Retrieved 19 June 2019 a b c Patrick Alex Chilling message if left unchallenged Judiciary watchdog condemns Malema s attack on magistrate News24 Retrieved 25 October 2023 a b Maphanga Canny 23 October 2023 Malema condemned for attack on judiciary officer SABC News Retrieved 25 October 2023 a b c Wicks Bernadette EFF leader Julius Malema reluctant to apologise to Judges Matter ewn co za Retrieved 25 October 2023 a b Suttner Raymond 11 April 2022 The EFF the judiciary and the necessity to still be freedom fighters Daily Maverick Retrieved 25 October 2023 Sithole Siyabonga 24 October 2023 Malema slammed for populist attack on the judiciary IOL Retrieved 25 October 2023 Grootes Stephen 6 February 2022 Malema and Mpofu lead EFF s assault on SA judiciary Malema and Mpofu lead EFF s assault on SA judiciary Daily Maverick Retrieved 25 October 2023 Mngoma Nosipho 18 June 2018 Group to take JuliusMalema to court for racist rant IOL News www iol co za The Mercury Archived from the original on 2 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 No one is going to intimidate us EFF hits back at clergy and Ahmed Kathrada Foundation News24 Archived from the original on 23 November 2018 Retrieved 23 November 2018 EFF bullies trying to hide their own shenanigans ANC chief whip Mthembu News24 Archived from the original on 23 November 2018 Retrieved 23 November 2018 Indian cabal narrative is to protect the looting project CityPress Archived from the original on 22 November 2018 Retrieved 23 November 2018 Malema to Gordhan I am not scared of the Indian cabal eNCA Archived from the original on 1 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 Smit Sarah 23 November 2018 Gordhan decries EFF attack on daughter The M amp G Online Archived from the original on 1 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 Jean le Roux Kyle Cowan Pieter du Toit and Adriaan Basson 28 November 2018 FACT CHECKED EFF s charges against Pravin Gordhan News24 Archived from the original on 1 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Poplak Richard 28 November 2018 SnowBank BLEFF Pravin Gordhan and the imaginary R6 Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 1 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 Ndaba Baldwin 26 November 2018 Pravin Gordhan lays defamation charges against Malema IOL News www iol co za Archived from the original on 2 January 2019 Retrieved 1 January 2019 Sutherland Roland 31 October 2019 Pravin Gordhan vs Julius Malema www politicsweb co za Archived from the original on 4 November 2019 Retrieved 4 November 2019 Judge slates Malema s juvenile rant as EFF leader wins case against Gordhan TimesLIVE Archived from the original on 3 November 2019 Retrieved 4 November 2019 Snijman Lia 23 January 2020 POPULIST DOG WHISTLES Pravin Jamnadas Gordhan a case study When your name is weaponised on Twitter Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 25 January 2020 Retrieved 25 January 2020 Makinana Andisiwe 17 July 2019 Of course you are racist You are Jackson Mthembu tells EFF MPs TimesLIVE Archived from the original on 30 September 2019 Retrieved 30 September 2019 van Diemen Ethan 18 July 2019 Cigarettes corruption and racism Why the EFF hates Gordhan according to Jackson Mthembu News24 Archived from the original on 4 September 2019 Retrieved 30 September 2019 a b c d e Satgar Vishwas 5 November 2019 Black Neofascism The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa Canadian Review of Sociology Revue Canadienne de Sociologie 56 4 580 605 doi 10 1111 cars 12265 ISSN 1755 6171 PMID 31692263 S2CID 207894048 Archived from the original on 23 October 2022 Retrieved 23 October 2022 Malema slammed for comments on whites ENCA 8 November 2016 Archived from the original on 17 April 2017 Retrieved 30 May 2017 Cropley Ed 31 October 2012 South Africa s ANC whites agree to silence Shoot the Boer Reuters Archived from the original on 30 July 2020 Retrieved 20 April 2020 Broughton Tania 25 August 2022 GROUNDUP EFF singing of Kill the Boer Kill the Farmer not hate speech court rules Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 23 October 2022 Retrieved 23 October 2022 Malema Economic Freedom Fighters singing Kill the Boer ruled not hate speech The Mail amp Guardian 25 August 2022 Archived from the original on 23 October 2022 Retrieved 23 October 2022 IEC disqualifies EFF councillor for racist tweet eNCA 29 August 2016 Archived from the original on 14 April 2017 Retrieved 14 April 2017 EFF councillor candidate disqualified after calling for whites to be hacked and killed reports News24 29 July 2016 Archived from the original on 20 October 2019 Retrieved 20 October 2019 He s on his own Juju says of Mabotja eNCA Archived from the original on 20 October 2019 Retrieved 20 October 2019 Electoral Court right to give Thabo Mabotja the chop www politicsweb co za Archived from the original on 20 October 2019 Retrieved 20 October 2019 We are cutting the throat of whiteness Malema on plans to remove Trollip News24 Archived from the original on 18 June 2018 Retrieved 18 June 2018 South Africans don t share Malema s racist views Maimane IOL News Archived from the original on 11 March 2018 Retrieved 11 March 2018 Thambo Sinawo 27 March 2019 OPINIONISTA Empty analysis will not deter the EFF from its core task reaching out to the electorate Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 22 April 2019 Retrieved 22 April 2019 Yep it s hate speech says SAHRC on Julius Malema s dead white man tweet TimesLIVE Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Grootes Stephen 15 September 2019 ANALYSIS Malema s Mugabe closing gambit Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 SAHRC to take Malema to court for hate speech South African Human Rights Commission 19 September 2019 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Shanti Aboobaker 29 December 2013 Numsa wary of capitalist Malema Sunday Independent Archived from the original on 3 January 2014 Tandwa Lizeka 10 April 2019 Malema to sue Rawula offers journalists access to EFF s financial records News24 Archived from the original on 11 April 2019 Retrieved 11 April 2019 Haffajee Ferial 13 September 2020 ANALYSIS From schoolyard bullies to emerging fascists The EFF s unstoppable politics of violence Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 10 November 2020 Retrieved 9 February 2022 Fascism and the EFF Or how to gaslight the media The Mail amp Guardian 28 March 2018 Archived from the original on 28 November 2020 Retrieved 20 November 2020 Political analyst EFF is a fascist organisation POWER 98 7 3 July 2018 Archived from the original on 10 November 2020 Retrieved 19 November 2021 EFF s fascist agenda rapidly clarifies itself through Malema s racial outbursts Archived from the original on 19 November 2020 Retrieved 20 November 2020 No country for appeasers as fascism rises in South Afri 17 December 2019 Archived from the original on 13 November 2020 Retrieved 20 November 2020 Gareth van Onselen 26 March 2018 Why The EFF Is A Fascist Political Party by Gareth van Onselen 26 March 2018 South African History Online Sahistory org za Archived from the original on 28 November 2020 Retrieved 19 November 2021 Lagardien Ismail 13 March 2023 The EFF violence and the national shutdown echoes of Mussolini s March on Rome Daily Maverick Retrieved 12 October 2023 The EFF s wrecking ball politics is fascist rather than left The Mail amp Guardian 4 April 2017 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 20 November 2020 Democracy fascism and the future of the EFF www news uct ac za Archived from the original on 20 January 2022 Retrieved 9 February 2022 Satgar Vishwas 2019 Black Neofascism The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa Canadian Review of Sociology Revue Canadienne de Sociologie 56 4 580 605 doi 10 1111 cars 12265 PMID 31692263 S2CID 207894048 via ResearchGate Nxumalo Mphathi 11 November 2020 Jewish Board of Deputies EFF slam DA Nazi tweet iol Retrieved 12 October 2023 Zeeman Kyle 16 November 2020 Helen Zille defends EFF Nazis claim compares Malema to Hitler TimesLIVE Retrieved 12 October 2023 Smith David Johannesburg 7 August 2013 South African politician Julius Malema likened to Hitler and Mussolini The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 3 December 2023 Lagardien Ismail 17 December 2019 With echoes of Adolf Hitler Julius Malema makes his move to establish an African reich Daily Maverick Retrieved 3 December 2023 Feinberg Tali 7 December 2020 Video comparing Malema to Hitler sparks conflict Jewish Report Retrieved 3 December 2023 Lagardien Ismail 7 February 2022 OPINIONISTA Julius Malema The one man who can bring down the republic Daily Maverick Archived from the original on 9 February 2022 Retrieved 9 February 2022 South African politician Julius Malema likened to Hitler and Mussolini the Guardian 7 August 2013 Archived from the original on 9 February 2022 Retrieved 9 February 2022 Malala Justice 26 March 2018 JUSTICE MALALA Malema s fascism is showing as Ramaphosa cleans house BusinessLIVE Archived from the original on 9 February 2022 Retrieved 9 February 2022 Masuabi Queenin 24 October 2023 ANC NEC supports cutting ties with dictatorial EFF and pro Israel PA Daily Maverick Retrieved 25 October 2023 Gareth van Onselen HuffPost Retrieved 1 October 2023 Gareth van Onselen 26 March 2018 Why The EFF Is A Fascist Political Party by Gareth van Onselen 26 March 2018 South African History Online Sahistory org za Archived from the original on 28 November 2020 Retrieved 19 November 2021 EXCLUSIVE Why Anonymous hacked the SABC Gupta websites Fin24 Archived from the original on 17 June 2016 Retrieved 19 June 2016 Ebrahim Shaazia 9 May 2017 Nine times we questioned the EFF s feminist politics The Daily Vox Retrieved 12 October 2023 Siphokazi Magadla 2013 EFF amp the Return of the Warrior Citizen Thought Leader Archived from the original on 10 April 2014 Bendile Dineo 7 September 2018 Patriarchy is no effing joke The Mail amp Guardian Retrieved 12 October 2023 a b 2014 National and Provincial Elections Results 2014 National and Provincial Election Results IEC Archived from the original on 10 May 2014 Retrieved 11 May 2014 Results Dashboard www elections org za Archived from the original on 11 May 2019 Retrieved 11 May 2019 Results Summary All Ballots PDF elections org za Archived PDF from the original on 8 August 2016 Retrieved 11 August 2016 2021 Results Summary All Ballots PDF elections org za Archived PDF from the original on 18 November 2021 Retrieved 6 November 2021 Further reading editVan Onselen Gareth 29 July 2013 Malema steals young communists thunder Business Day Archived from the original on 11 September 2014 Retrieved 6 June 2014 Pillay Verashni 21 February 2014 EFF You want land a loan You got it Mail amp Guardian Archived from the original on 28 March 2014 Retrieved 6 June 2014 Julius Malema preface EFF 2014 Elections Manifesto Economic Freedom Fighters External links editOfficial website Previous official website Archived Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Economic Freedom Fighters amp oldid 1221250261, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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