Polokwane
Polokwane (UK: /ˌpɒləˈkwɑːnɪ/,[3] meaning "Sanctuary" in Northern Sotho[4][5][6]), also known as Pietersburg, is a city and the capital of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. It is South Africa's largest urban centre north of Gauteng. It was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Polokwane Pietersburg | |
|---|---|
City Centre | |
Polokwane Polokwane Polokwane | |
| Coordinates: 23°54′00″S 29°27′00″E / 23.90000°S 29.45000°ECoordinates: 23°54′00″S 29°27′00″E / 23.90000°S 29.45000°E | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Limpopo |
| District | Capricorn |
| Municipality | Polokwane |
| Established | 1886 |
| Government | |
| • Executive Mayor | Thembi Nkadimeng[1] (ANC) |
| • Mayor | John Mpe |
| Area | |
| • Total | 106.84 km2 (41.25 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,310 m (4,300 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
| • Total | 130,028 |
| • Density | 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| • Black African | 74.4% |
| • Coloured | 3.7% |
| • Indian/Asian | 3.1% |
| • White | 18.2% |
| • Other | 0.5% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| • Sepedi | 45.9% |
| • Afrikaans | 19.8% |
| • English | 10.3% |
| • Venda | 6.7% |
| • Other | 17.3% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 0699 |
| PO box | 0700 |
| Area code | 015 |
| Bird | Northern royal albatross |
| Flower | Blue squill |
| Website | www |
History
In the 1840s, Voortrekkers under the leadership of Andries Potgieter established Zoutpansbergdorp, a town 100 km (62 mi) to the northwest. This settlement had to be abandoned because of clashes with the local tribes.( Langa & Ledwaba clans) They founded a new town in 1886 and named it "Pietersburg" in honour of Voortrekker leader Petrus Jacobus Joubert. The British built a concentration camp at Pietersburg during the Boer War to incarcerate almost 4,000 Boer women and children. The town officially became a city on 23 April 1992; on 25 February 2005, the government declared the official name of the city as Polokwane, a name that was generally in use by the speakers of Northern Sotho. The city was host to 52nd national conference of the African National Congress, held in December 2007 and saw Jacob Zuma voted as President of the ANC.[7][8]
Demographics
The population in 2022 is about 130,000 . Roughly 45.9% of people in the city are Sepedi speakers. A large portion of the population are Afrikaners, and roughly 10,000 residents (roughly 8%) are English-speaking whites, primarily South Africans of British descent and White Zimbabweans, the latter of whom primarily moved to the area since 2000. Roughly 6.7% of people are Venda people.[9]
| Population Group | Percentage |
|---|---|
| African | 74.4% |
| Coloured | 3.7% |
| Indian/Asian | 3.1% |
| White | 18.2% |
Districts/suburbs/townships
Popular suburbs in the city include Westenburg, Nirvana, Bendor, Welgelegen, Moregloed, Annadale, Ivydale, Flora Park, Fauna Park, Penina Park, Ivy Park, Hospital Park, Ster Park, Dalmada, Broadlands, Woodlands, Southern Gateway and Thornhill.[10]
Besides the above-mentioned suburbs in the city, three clusters of suburbs around the city exist:[11]
- The Seshego cluster - on the north-west outskirts of the city
- Molepo/Maja/Chuene cluster - 20 km south of the city centre
- Mankweng/Sebayeng/Dikgale cluster - 30 km east of the city centre
Climate
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The city features a semiarid climate under the Köppen climate classification. Despite its position on the Tropic of Capricorn,[13] the climate is tempered by its position on a plateau 1230 m above sea level.[14] Average temperatures reach around 21–22 °C (70–72 °F) in January and fall to 11 °C (52 °F) in July.[14] As with much of inland South Africa, Polokwane has experienced notably warmer seasons over the last decade than its long-term average.[15] The city has a dry climate with a summer rainy season and a pronounced dry spell during winter. Average annual rainfall is 495 mm (19.5 in), with December or (less often) January the wettest month and July the driest.[16]
| Climate data for Polokwane (1961−1990, extremes 1953–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.1 (98.8) | 38.4 (101.1) | 34.5 (94.1) | 33.9 (93.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 28.6 (83.5) | 27.8 (82.0) | 32.0 (89.6) | 36.8 (98.2) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.4 (99.3) | 36.8 (98.2) | 38.4 (101.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 28.1 (82.6) | 27.6 (81.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 22.4 (72.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 19.9 (67.8) | 22.1 (71.8) | 25.2 (77.4) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 27.4 (81.3) | 24.7 (76.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.3 (70.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 17.8 (64.0) | 14.7 (58.5) | 11.7 (53.1) | 11.8 (53.2) | 14.1 (57.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.3 (66.7) | 20.3 (68.5) | 21.3 (70.3) | 17.7 (63.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) | 16.7 (62.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 12.2 (54.0) | 7.9 (46.2) | 4.7 (40.5) | 4.4 (39.9) | 6.7 (44.1) | 10.4 (50.7) | 13.3 (55.9) | 15.2 (59.4) | 16.4 (61.5) | 11.7 (53.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) | 10.6 (51.1) | 7.9 (46.2) | 3.6 (38.5) | 0.2 (32.4) | −3.5 (25.7) | −3.2 (26.2) | −2.4 (27.7) | 0.2 (32.4) | 5.0 (41.0) | 6.9 (44.4) | 8.8 (47.8) | −3.5 (25.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 82 (3.2) | 60 (2.4) | 52 (2.0) | 33 (1.3) | 11 (0.4) | 5 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 6 (0.2) | 17 (0.7) | 43 (1.7) | 85 (3.3) | 81 (3.2) | 478 (18.8) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 47 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 70 | 71 | 69 | 64 | 61 | 58 | 56 | 55 | 61 | 66 | 69 | 64 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 253.2 | 220.8 | 241.4 | 232.0 | 271.0 | 261.1 | 279.1 | 281.3 | 276.6 | 264.7 | 235.3 | 254.0 | 3,070.5 |
| Source 1: NOAA (normals and June record low only),[17] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[18] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: South African Weather Service[12] | |||||||||||||
Transport
Air
The city is served by two airports. A public airport, Polokwane International Airport, (IATA: PTG, ICAO: FAPP),[19] is just north of the city, while the smaller Pietersburg Civil Aerodrome (ICAO: FAPI) is south-east of the city.[20]
Roads
The city lies roughly halfway between Gauteng (300 kilometres (190 mi)) and the Zimbabwean border (200 kilometres (120 mi)) on the N1 highway, which connects Zimbabwe with the major cities of South Africa, such as Pretoria, Johannesburg, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town.
The R37 provincial route connects the city with Nelspruit. Running east, the R71 connects the city with Tzaneen, Phalaborwa, Bushbuckridge, and the Kruger National Park. To north-east, is the R81 connecting the city with Giyani and Malamulele. The R521 connects the city with Alldays and the R567 via Seshego connects Polokwane with the N11. The R71 is also well known to bikers who ride through the city annually, making it the biggest bike meeting in Africa.
The Nelson Mandela road traffic island is situated on the outskirts of Polokwane when approaching from the direction of Johannesburg. It was built prior to the 2010 FIFA World Cup as part of beautifying the city for the event.
A number of private bus services run in the city and also services connect Polokwane to other major centres in the country.
Railways
The city is connected to Johannesburg and other major centres by rail. Agricultural produce in the area, including tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar cane, peanuts, tea, bananas, and avocados, is also transported by freight rail.[21]
Society and culture
Media
The South African Broadcasting Corporation has a branch in the city.[22] The city also hosts a branch of the country's largest independent radio station, Jacaranda RM/FM, which is broadcast from either Pretoria, Nelspruit or Pietersburg/Polokwane.[23]
The first commercial radio station in Limpopo, CapricornFM, broadcasts from the city.[24] Two additional radio stations are also situated in Polokwane. These include Energy FM and Munghana Lonene FM. [25] [26]
The city has a selection of locally distributed newspapers. Two notable newspapers include The Review [27] and The Polokwane Observer.[28]
Gambling
The Sun International casino and hotel is in the city. Meropa Casino and Entertainment World is a Moroccan-style, 24-hour casino with various outdoor entertainment amenities such as go-karts, minigolf, and a wildlife park.[29]
Museums, monuments and memorials
- The Bakone Malapa Northern Sotho Open-Air Museum — Depicts the traditional and modern-day lifestyle of the Bakone people. The museum is centred on a traditional village still occupied by members of the tribe, who sell various crafts to tourists. Background information can be obtained in the visitor centre. Within the museum complex are archaeological sites with remains of iron- and copper-smelting installations, as well as rock paintings from around 1000 B.C.[30]
- Eersteling Monuments — The site of the country's first gold crushing site and its first gold power plant are marked by monuments.[31]
- The Irish House — Historic building which functions as a museum.
Places of worship
The largest Christian gathering in South Africa happens twice a year at Zion City, Moria near Pietersburg/Polokwane at Easter and again for the September end of year festival. The Zion Christian Church’s headquarters are at Zion City Moria, which is about 25 kilometres east of Pietersburg/Polokwane. Moria is the seat of the Zion Christian church - an entirely black denomination with about 16 million members formed in 1910 by Engenas Lekganyane - an indigenous church to Africa that is one of the only churches not established by evangelists from abroad.[32]
The Star of David is the symbol of the ZCC and the two congregations that make up the church are today led by the grandsons of its founder - Barnabas Lekganyane and Saint Engenas Lekganyane. The ZCC is characterised by the emphasis it places on faith healing, purification rites, dancing, night communion, river baptism, the holy spirit, taboos and prophesying.
The ZCC has members in every country in Africa, and in most countries of the Middle East.[32]
Synagogues
The first Jewish settlers in Pietersburg arrived between 1890 and 1900 from Lithuania, Russia, and Latvia, and the Pietersburg Hebrew Congregation was founded in 1897. A synagogue was built on Jorissen Street in 1921. The Jewish community grew rapidly in the 1930s and 1940s; a larger synagogue was built in 1953 and the old synagogue was then converted into a communal hall. The number of Jews in Pietersburg began to decline from the late 1950s. In 2003, as the congregation had dwindled, the synagogue was closed and its benches, bimah, and other contents were shipped to Israel, where they were installed in the Mevasser Synagogue in Tel Mond in memory of the Pietersburg synagogue.[33]
Sports
Golf
The Pietersburg Golf Club along with the golf course was established in the late 1800s. The immaculate lush green course comprises a full 18 holes. Retief Goosen (born 3 February 1969) was born in Pietersburg and honed his skills at the Pietersburg Golf Club.
Cricket
The Polokwane Cricket Club is one of the oldest in the country and was established in 1902.[34]
Netball
The Limpopo Baobabs represents the city as well as the province of Limpopo in the Brutal Fruit Netball Cup. South African Spar Protea goal shooter Lenize Potgieter was also born in Polokwane.
Rugby
Noordelikes Rugby Club is the largest and the best amateur rugby club based in the city. [35]
Starting in 2013, the city will host a Limpopo provincial team in the Vodacom Cup.[36]
Springbok rugby captain, Victor Matfield grew up in Pietersburg. Former Springbok rugby captain John Smit was born in Pietersburg.
Football
Polokwane City F.C., and Baroka F.C., South African football clubs, are based in the city.
Swimming
The city has a number of swimming clubs. Former Olympic gold-medalist and world-record swimmer Lyndon Ferns is from the city.
Tennis
A large tennis club is situated in the city, and various local tournaments are held regularly.
Baseball
In 2017, Gift Ngoepe, born in Pietersburg, became the first African player in the Major League Baseball, playing shortstop and second base for the Pittsburgh Pirates. Ngoepe's mother Maureen managed the baseball clubhouse in Randburg, near Johannesburg. Ngoepe's brother Victor also plays in the Pirates' farm system[37]
Stadiums
- Peter Mokaba Stadium, a newly constructed stadium for the 2010 FIFA World Cup[38]
- Pietersburg Stadium
Tourism
The city provides access to various nature and wildlife viewing opportunities for ecotourists. The Polokwane Bird and Reptile Park is home to over 280 species of birds. The Polokwane Game Reserve houses various South African species of wildlife, birdlife, and plants in an unspoiled bushveld environment. The Moletzie Bird Sanctuary protects rare birds like the Cape vulture. The Modjadji Rainforest near Duiwelskloof holds the largest concentration of indigenous cycads in the world, and Cheune Crocodile Farm provides a place to learn about the life of crocodiles.[31]
An extensive art collection is preserved in the city's art gallery, open to the public. The city has more public sculptures per capita in its parks than elsewhere in South Africa. It was also the first city to unveil a bust of the ex-president Nelson Mandela in its City Square (Civic Gardens), and it was authorised by Nelson Mandela personally.[39]
The city is considered the premier hunting destination in South Africa.[40]
Commerce
The city hosts several major industries such as Coca-Cola,[41] Freshmark (a division of Shoprite Checkers), and South African Breweries.[42] As the capital of the Limpopo province, the city also has a large commercial area with the four largest banks in the country all having at least three branches in the city. The city was well known for its manufacturing facility in Seshego of Tempest radios and hi-fis, the largest employer in the region.
Education
Tertiary education
The Tshwane University of Technology, Capricorn TVET College, and the University of South Africa have satellite campuses in the city.[43][44] The University of Limpopo's Turfloop campus is situated about 30 km east of Polokwane.
Shopping malls
- Limpopo Mall
- Savannah Mall
- Cycad Center
- Platinum Park
- Thornhill Shopping Center
- Mall of the North[45]
See also
Sister cities
Pietersburg/Polokwane is a sister city with:
Sub-areas
Notable people
- Mvzzle, DJ and record producer known for producing "Umlilo" by DJ Zinhle
- Lyndon Ferns, Olympic gold-medalist and former world record swimmer
- Tlou Segolela, professional football player
- Retief Goosen, professional golfer who was in the top ten in the Official World Golf Ranking for over 250 weeks between 2001 and 2007
- Lucas Malan, Afrikaans academic and poet
- Julius Malema, leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters and former ANC Youth League president
- Isaac Lesiba Maphotho, anti-apartheid activist, African National Congress (ANC) member and Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) veteran
- Victor Matfield, former South African national rugby team captain
- Peter Mokaba, controversial anti-apartheid activist
- Gift Ngoepe, professional baseball player
- Caster Semenya, middle-distance runner and world champion
- John Smit, former South African national rugby team captain
- Marthinus van Schalkwyk, former Minister of Tourism in the Cabinet of South Africa
- Frederik van Zyl Slabbert, political analyst, businessman and politician
- Dr Goolam Mahomed Hassen Mayet, medical doctor, social and religious activist - the first non-white medical professional to have been employed by the then Pietersburg Provincial Hospital, who later went on to practice medicine for over 50 years in the city.
Coats of arms
Municipal (1)
By 1931, the Pietersburg municipal council had assumed a pseudo-heraldic "coat of arms". The shield depicted a crossed pick and shovel, two crossed wheatsheaves, and the date 1904 surrounded by a rib and bearing the motto Labor omnia vincit. The crest was an ostrich.[46]
Municipal (2)
A proper coat of arms was designed in the 1960s. It was registered with the Transvaal Provincial Administration in August 1967[47] and at the Bureau of Heraldry in September 1969.[48]
The arms were : Azure, on a fess Argent, between in chief a lion passant Argent, armed and langued Gules, and in base two chevrons humette, and a horseshoe Argent, placed 2 and 1, two cogwheels Gules. In layman's terms, this was a blue shield displaying, from top to bottom, a silver lion with red tongue and claws, a silver stripe bearing two red cogwheels, and two silver chevrons and a horseshoe.
The crest was a golden eagle, and the motto, once again, was Labor omnia vincit.
Municipal (3)
The Pietersburg municipal council registered a new coat of arms at the Bureau in October 2003.[48]
The arms are : Vert, on a fess Argent, a woven grain basket, between two hoes with blades turned inward proper, their handles towards centre-base counterchanged Or and issuant from a voided cogwheel the inner ring cotised Argent, therein a sun Or; on a chief of the last a short-clawed Lark (Mirafra chuana) perched upon a leaf of the silky thorn tree (Acacia rehmanniana) proper, between two demi-peaks with points embattled Brunatre, issuant from the respective shield flanks. In layman's terms, the shield depicts, from top to bottom, (1) a short-clawed lark perched on an acacia leaf between two stylised peaks, (2) a woven grain basket between two hoes on a silver background, and (3) a silver cogwheel on a green background.
Above the shield is a brown rustic crown. The motto is Unity - Equity - Progress - prosperity.
References
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- ^ Polokwane - The Heart of the Limpopo Province. 2010-02-04 at the Wayback Machine City of Polokwane official website. Retrieved on October 15, 2009.
- ^ "Our history". Polokwane Local Municipality. Archived from the original on 2012-12-25. Retrieved 2009-09-19.
- ^ "South Africa: Zuma comes out on top". The Economist. 19 December 2007.
- ^ "The 52nd ANC National Conference - Polokwane 2007 | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
- ^ "Census 2011: Main Place: Polokwane".
- ^ . m.property24.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ . www.polokwane.gov.za. Archived from the original on 2018-06-17. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ a b . South African Weather Service. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
- ^ . The African Executive. 12–19 December 2007. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ a b Peter Baxter. . WhyGo: South Africa. Archived from the original on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ Average monthly and annual temperatures, Polokwane/Pietersburg 1932 – 2007, GISS
- ^ GHCN monthly rainfall Pietersburg, NGDC, 1932-1992
- ^ "Pietersburg Climate Normals 1961−1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
- ^ "Station Pietersburg (Polokwane)" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
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- ^ "Pietersburg Civil airport, Limpopo, South Africa". za.geoview.info. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ . Polokwane Observer. 24 February 2010. Archived from the original on 25 December 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
- ^ Sabc Corporate 2009-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jacaranda 94.2FM Archived 2012-03-30 at the National and University Library of Iceland
- ^ CapricornFM 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ . www.polokwanecity.co.za. Archived from the original on 2018-06-17. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ . zocal.co.za. Archived from the original on 2018-06-17. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ "Bosveld Review". Review. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ . Polokwane Observer. Archived from the original on 2018-06-15. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ "Entertainment Destination in Polokwane - Meropa Casino and Hotel".
- ^ . Planetware. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ a b . Zeuzzo 2010. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Zion City at Moria in Polokwane, Limpopo". www.sa-venues.com. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
- ^ The History of the Pietersburg (Polokwane) Jewish Congregation. JewishGen KehilaLinks. Retrieved on October 29, 2015.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-12-25. Retrieved 2010-12-04.
- ^ http://www.polokwane.org.za/index.php?view_page+559[dead link]
- ^ "Limpopo set for Vodacom Cup". Sport 24. 16 January 2012.
- ^ Tyler Kepner (8 May 2017). "First African to Play in the Major Leagues Is a 'Pinnacle' for Baseball". The New York Times. p. D1.
- ^ . FIFA. Archived from the original on 2010-05-28.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2018-01-22. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
- ^ "I Heart Polokwane Because - South Africa Travel News". South Africa Travel. 2013-07-30. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ "Home". Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ SAB Limited - Sites and locations 2010-01-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ About Us 2010-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, Tshwane University of Technology
- ^ UNISA
- ^ "Mall of the North | Welcome to great shopping". www.mallofthenorth.co.za. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ The arms were depicted on a cigarette card issued in 1931.
- ^ Transvaal Official Gazette 3288 (30 August 1967).
- ^ a b http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za[dead link]
External links
- Official website
- Capricorn District Municipality website 2020-11-26 at the Wayback Machine
- Polokwane travel guide from Wikivoyage