This article is about the geopolitical subregion of Europe. For the geographical subregion of Europe, see Central and Eastern Europe.
East-Central Europe is the region between German-, Hungarian-, and West Slavic-speaking Europe and the East Slavic countries of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine.[1][2] Those lands are described as situated "between two": "between two worlds, between two stages, between two futures".[3]
The concept differs from that of Central and Eastern Europe which is based on criteria[4] whereby the states of Central and Eastern Europe belong to two different geographical regions of Europe.
In the 1950s, Oskar Halecki, who distinguished four regions in Europe (Western, West Central, East Central, and Eastern Europe), defined East-Central Europe as a region from Finland to Greece,[5] "the eastern part of Central Europe, between Sweden, Germany, and Italy, on the one hand, and Turkey and Russia on the other".[6] According to Halecki:
In the course of European history, a great variety of peoples in this region created their own independent states, sometimes quite large and powerful; in connection with Western Europe they developed their individual national cultures and contributed to the general progress of European civilization.[6]
Paul Robert Magocsi described this region in his work Historical Atlas of East Central Europe. His idea distinguished Central Europe into 3 main zones:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) was set up to consider the technical problems of domestic standardization of geographical names. The Group is composed of experts from various linguistic/geographical divisions that have been established at the UN Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names.
International Federation of the Institutes of East-Central Europe has four institutes in its structure (Lublin, Prague, Bratislava, and Vilnius) and includes over a hundred members from Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine.[citation needed] The institutes were established successively after 1990, with a secretariat in Lublin, to stimulate the debate on the issue of Central European space between the East and the West.[9] This experience of cooperation – from the very beginning open for representatives of other East-Central European nation-States as well as Russians, Germans and Jews – allowed creation of the Joint Committee of UNESCO and International Committee of Historical Sciences (ICHS). The first president of the committee was Jerzy Kłoczowski, long-time member of the UNESCO Executive Council and president of the Institute of East-Central Europe in Lublin.[10] The committee's 10 meetings (in Paris, Lublin, Oslo and Sydney) were devoted to East-Central Europe.[11] The Federation maintains official relations with UNESCO.[12][13]
Michael Foucher[16] defined Middle Europe as "an intermediate geopolitical space between the West and Russia, a space of historical transitions between these two organizational poles; political and territorial heirs imposed from the East, i.e. Kremlin; nowadays streamlining process imposed by the West". According to this author, the following sub-regions form Median (Middle) Europe:
Greece is cited as not being a part of Median Europe but playing an important role there
Daniel Călin – In the Final Report NATO and the EU in the Balkans – a Comparison prepared by Romanian NATO Fellow Daniel Călin,[17] three sub-regions of Middle Europe are distinguished:
East-Central Europe is sometimes defined as the eastern part of Central Europe[18][19] and is limited to the member states of the Visegrád Group – Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. This definition is close to the German concept of de:Ostmitteleuropa.
See alsoedit
Wikiquote has quotations related to East/Central Europe.
J. Kloczowski, East Central Europe in the historiography of the countries of the region, Institute of East Central Europe, Lublin, 1995
J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, ISBN83-85854-86-X
East – Central Europe's Position within Europe. Between East and West, Lublin 2004, ISBN83-85854-81-9
O. Halecki, Borderlands of Western Civilization: A History of East Central Europe, Fordham University (1952, 1980) (available on-line) 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
I. Loucas, The New Geopolitics of Europe & The Black Sea Region, Naval Academy, UK National Defence Minister's Staff, p. 8
O. Halecki, The limits and divisions on European history, Sheed&Ward, New York 1950
Y.Shimov, Middle Europe: On the way home, Eurozine 2002/10/11[20]
Myant, Martin; Drahokoupil, Jan (2010), Transition Economies: Political Economy in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN978-0-470-59619-7
N. Popa, Frontiere, regiuni transfrontalieresşi dezvoltare regionala in Europa Mediana, [Borders, Transborder Regions and Regional Development in Median Europe] Ed. Universitatii de Vest, Timișoara, 2006
G. Zrinscak, L' Europe médiane : des pays Baltes aux Balkans (Dossier n. 8005), La Documentation française 1999[21]
P. Verluise, Géopolitique de l'Europe. L'Union européenne élargie a-t-elle les moyens de la puissance ?, Collection Référence géopolitique, Paris, éd. Ellipses, 2005[22]
Referencesedit
^Palmer, Alan (1970)The Lands between: A History of East-Central Europe Since the Congress of Vienna, New York: Macmillan
^J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, ISBN83-85854-86-X
^. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
^I. Loucas, The New Geopolitics of Europe & The Black Sea Region, Naval Academy, UK National Defence Minister's Staff, p. 8 [1][permanent dead link]
^O. Halecki, The limits and divisions on European history, Sheed&Ward, New York 1950, p. 120
^ abHalecki, Oskar (1952). . Fordham University. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
^ abcd"United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names". Linguistic/Geographical Divisions. UNGEGN. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
^ abAdamska, Anna (2016). "13. Intersections. Medieval East Central Europe from the perspective of literacy and communication". Medieval East Central Europe in a Comparative Perspective: From Frontier Zones to Lands in Focus. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 226. ISBN9781317212256. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
^J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, p. 9, ISBN83-85854-86-X
^J. Kłoczowski (ed.), L'héritage historique de la Res Publica de Plusierus Nations, Lublin 2004, ISBN83-85854-82-7
^J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, pp. 110–120, ISBN83-85854-86-X
^"ONG-NGO, non Gouvernemental Organizations, Organisations non gouvernementales". Archived from the original on 20 April 2007. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
^"Relations with non-governmental organizations, foundations and similar institutions" (PDF). UNESCO. 1999. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
^"East Central European Center". Institute on East Central Europe at Columbia University. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
^"ceem.fr - Le blog buzz de Ceem". ceem.fr. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
^M. Foucher (dir.), Fragments d'Europe – Atlas de l'Europe mediane et orientale, Paris, 1993, p. 60
^J. Kim, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary: Recent Developments, CRS 1996, Federation of American Scientists on-line version 2015-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
^J.Winiecki, East-Central Europe: A Regional Survey. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia in 1993, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 46, No. 5 (1994), pp. 709–734
^. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
^. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
^"Geopolitique de l'Europe. L'Union europeenne elargie a-t-elle les moyens de la puissance ? par Pierre Verluise". www.diploweb.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
east, central, europe, this, article, about, geopolitical, subregion, europe, geographical, subregion, europe, central, eastern, europe, region, between, german, hungarian, west, slavic, speaking, europe, east, slavic, countries, belarus, russia, ukraine, thos. This article is about the geopolitical subregion of Europe For the geographical subregion of Europe see Central and Eastern Europe East Central Europe is the region between German Hungarian and West Slavic speaking Europe and the East Slavic countries of Belarus Russia and Ukraine 1 2 Those lands are described as situated between two between two worlds between two stages between two futures 3 The concept differs from that of Central and Eastern Europe which is based on criteria 4 whereby the states of Central and Eastern Europe belong to two different geographical regions of Europe Contents 1 Definitions 1 1 Oskar Halecki 1 2 Paul Robert Magocsi 1 2 1 United Nations 1 3 Academic institutions 1 4 Other contributors 1 5 Narrow definition 2 See also 3 Further reading 4 ReferencesDefinitions editOskar Halecki editIn the 1950s Oskar Halecki who distinguished four regions in Europe Western West Central East Central and Eastern Europe defined East Central Europe as a region from Finland to Greece 5 the eastern part of Central Europe between Sweden Germany and Italy on the one hand and Turkey and Russia on the other 6 According to Halecki In the course of European history a great variety of peoples in this region created their own independent states sometimes quite large and powerful in connection with Western Europe they developed their individual national cultures and contributed to the general progress of European civilization 6 Paul Robert Magocsi edit nbsp Paul Robert Magocsi s rendition and interpretation of Central Europe Paul Robert Magocsi described this region in his work Historical Atlas of East Central Europe His idea distinguished Central Europe into 3 main zones The northern zone located between the Baltic Sea in the north and the alignment Ore Mountains Sudetes northern Carpathians Prut river in the south and the Dnieper in the east The countries located by the author in this zone are Belarus former East Germany Lithuania Moldova Poland and Ukraine west of the Dnieper river this area roughly coincides with the former Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth minus the eastern part of Moldavia designated later as Bessarabia The Alpine Carpathian zone located on the south of the northern zone bordered in the south by the rivers Kupa Sava Danube This area comprises the Pannonian Basin and roughly coincides with the former Habsburg Empire before the mid nineteenth century and the Danubian Principalities Wallachia and Moldavia The countries located by the author in this zone are Austria Croatia Czech Republic Hungary northeastern Italy Romania Serbia north of Sava and Danube Slovakia and Slovenia The Balkan zone located on the south of the Alpine Carpathian zone and matching with the Balkan peninsula The countries located by the author in this zone are Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Greece Montenegro North Macedonia Central Serbia and European Turkey United Nations edit United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names UNGEGN was set up to consider the technical problems of domestic standardization of geographical names The Group is composed of experts from various linguistic geographical divisions that have been established at the UN Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names Baltic Division 7 Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland and Russia East Central and South East Europe Division 7 Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Georgia Greece Hungary Montenegro North Macedonia Poland Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia European Turkey and Ukraine Eastern Europe Northern and Central Asia Division 7 Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Georgia Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Ukraine and Uzbekistan Romano Hellenic Division 7 Andorra Belgium Cyprus France Greece Holy See Italy Luxembourg Moldova Monaco Portugal Romania Spain Switzerland and European Turkey Academic institutions edit nbsp Jagiellonian Europe in the 15th century Bohemia Hungary and the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth 8 International Federation of the Institutes of East Central Europe has four institutes in its structure Lublin Prague Bratislava and Vilnius and includes over a hundred members from Belarus Croatia Czech Republic Hungary Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia and Ukraine citation needed The institutes were established successively after 1990 with a secretariat in Lublin to stimulate the debate on the issue of Central European space between the East and the West 9 This experience of cooperation from the very beginning open for representatives of other East Central European nation States as well as Russians Germans and Jews allowed creation of the Joint Committee of UNESCO and International Committee of Historical Sciences ICHS The first president of the committee was Jerzy Kloczowski long time member of the UNESCO Executive Council and president of the Institute of East Central Europe in Lublin 10 The committee s 10 meetings in Paris Lublin Oslo and Sydney were devoted to East Central Europe 11 The Federation maintains official relations with UNESCO 12 13 East Central European Center at Columbia University 14 was established to promote the study of the countries lying between Germany and Russia and between the Baltic and Aegean seas Its program covers Albania Austria Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia the Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Moldova Montenegro North Macedonia Poland Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia and Ukraine CEEM Centre for the Study of Median Europe 15 defines Median Europe as an area situated between Germany and Russia from the Baltic region to the Balkans The centre conducts its research on 18 European cultures Bosnian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Estonian Finnish Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Montenegrin Macedonian Polish Romanian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Sorbian and Ukrainian Utrecht Studies in Medieval Literacy at Utrecht University has defined East Central Europe as the region within the historical boundaries of the late medieval kingdoms of Bohemia Hungary and the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth 8 Other contributors edit Michael Foucher 16 defined Middle Europe as an intermediate geopolitical space between the West and Russia a space of historical transitions between these two organizational poles political and territorial heirs imposed from the East i e Kremlin nowadays streamlining process imposed by the West According to this author the following sub regions form Median Middle Europe in the North Central Europe stricto sensu Croatia Czech Republic Hungary Poland Slovakia and Slovenia in the South Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Romania Serbia the region overflows towards Belarus and Ukraine despite the obvious geographical distance from both Greece is cited as not being a part of Median Europe but playing an important role there Daniel Călin In the Final Report NATO and the EU in the Balkans a Comparison prepared by Romanian NATO Fellow Daniel Călin 17 three sub regions of Middle Europe are distinguished Northern Middle Europe Estonia Latvia and Lithuania the Baltic States Central Europe stricto sensu Czech Republic Hungary Poland and Slovakia Southeast Europe Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Serbia Montenegro North Macedonia Romania Slovenia plus the continental parts of Greece and European Turkey Southeast Europe is distinguished from the Balkans defined as the region consisting of Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Greece Montenegro North Macedonia Romania Serbia and Slovenia Narrow definition edit East Central Europe is sometimes defined as the eastern part of Central Europe 18 19 and is limited to the member states of the Visegrad Group Czechia Hungary Poland and Slovakia This definition is close to the German concept of de Ostmitteleuropa See also edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to East Central Europe Central Europe Eastern Europe Mitteleuropa Old Europe and New Europe Visegrad Group West Central Europe in German Western EuropeFurther reading editJ Kloczowski East Central Europe in the historiography of the countries of the region Institute of East Central Europe Lublin 1995 J Kloczowski ed Central Europe Between East and West Lublin 2005 ISBN 83 85854 86 X East Central Europe s Position within Europe Between East and West Lublin 2004 ISBN 83 85854 81 9 O Halecki Borderlands of Western Civilization A History of East Central Europe Fordham University 1952 1980 available on line Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine I Loucas The New Geopolitics of Europe amp The Black Sea Region Naval Academy UK National Defence Minister s Staff p 8 O Halecki The limits and divisions on European history Sheed amp Ward New York 1950 Y Shimov Middle Europe On the way home Eurozine 2002 10 11 20 Myant Martin Drahokoupil Jan 2010 Transition Economies Political Economy in Russia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Wiley Blackwell ISBN 978 0 470 59619 7 N Popa Frontiere regiuni transfrontalieressi dezvoltare regionala in Europa Mediana Borders Transborder Regions and Regional Development in Median Europe Ed Universitatii de Vest Timișoara 2006 G Zrinscak L Europe mediane des pays Baltes aux Balkans Dossier n 8005 La Documentation francaise 1999 21 P Verluise Geopolitique de l Europe L Union europeenne elargie a t elle les moyens de la puissance Collection Reference geopolitique Paris ed Ellipses 2005 22 References edit Palmer Alan 1970 The Lands between A History of East Central Europe Since the Congress of Vienna New York Macmillan J Kloczowski ed Central Europe Between East and West Lublin 2005 ISBN 83 85854 86 X Francois Jarraud Archived from the original on 19 January 2018 Retrieved 7 April 2008 I Loucas The New Geopolitics of Europe amp The Black Sea Region Naval Academy UK National Defence Minister s Staff p 8 1 permanent dead link O Halecki The limits and divisions on European history Sheed amp Ward New York 1950 p 120 a b Halecki Oskar 1952 Borderlands of Western Civilization A History of East Central Europe Fordham University Archived from the original on 15 September 2015 Retrieved 5 July 2017 a b c d United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Linguistic Geographical Divisions UNGEGN Retrieved 22 February 2014 a b Adamska Anna 2016 13 Intersections Medieval East Central Europe from the perspective of literacy and communication Medieval East Central Europe in a Comparative Perspective From Frontier Zones to Lands in Focus Abingdon Routledge p 226 ISBN 9781317212256 Retrieved 26 August 2021 J Kloczowski ed Central Europe Between East and West Lublin 2005 p 9 ISBN 83 85854 86 X J Kloczowski ed L heritage historique de la Res Publica de Plusierus Nations Lublin 2004 ISBN 83 85854 82 7 J Kloczowski ed Central Europe Between East and West Lublin 2005 pp 110 120 ISBN 83 85854 86 X ONG NGO non Gouvernemental Organizations Organisations non gouvernementales Archived from the original on 20 April 2007 Retrieved 19 October 2008 Relations with non governmental organizations foundations and similar institutions PDF UNESCO 1999 Retrieved 31 March 2023 East Central European Center Institute on East Central Europe at Columbia University Retrieved 21 March 2016 ceem fr Le blog buzz de Ceem ceem fr Retrieved 31 March 2023 M Foucher dir Fragments d Europe Atlas de l Europe mediane et orientale Paris 1993 p 60 D Calin Final Report NATO and the EU in the Balkans a Comparison Bucharest 2003 p 12 available at http www nato int acad fellow 01 03 calin pdf J Kim Poland Czech Republic Slovakia and Hungary Recent Developments CRS 1996 Federation of American Scientists on line version Archived 2015 06 14 at the Wayback Machine J Winiecki East Central Europe A Regional Survey The Czech Republic Hungary Poland and Slovakia in 1993 Europe Asia Studies Vol 46 No 5 1994 pp 709 734 Middle Europe On the way home Yaroslav Shimov Archived from the original on 14 September 2016 Retrieved 7 April 2008 L Europe mediane Des pays Baltes aux Balkans Dossier n 8005 Documentation photographique Le dossier GEORGETTE ZRINSCAK la Documentation francaise Archived from the original on 25 February 2008 Retrieved 6 April 2008 Geopolitique de l Europe L Union europeenne elargie a t elle les moyens de la puissance par Pierre Verluise www diploweb com Retrieved 31 March 2023 Portal nbsp Europe Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title East Central Europe amp oldid 1212876085, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
