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Region

February 07, 2023

This article is about the concept of region in geography. For other uses, see Region (disambiguation).

In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and the environment (environmental geography). Geographic regions and sub-regions are mostly described by their imprecisely defined, and sometimes transitory boundaries, except in human geography, where jurisdiction areas such as national borders are defined in law.

Apart from the global continental regions, there are also hydrospheric and atmospheric regions that cover the oceans, and discrete climates above the land and water masses of the planet. The land and water global regions are divided into subregions geographically bounded by large geological features that influence large-scale ecologies, such as plains and features.

As a way of describing spatial areas, the concept of regions is important and widely used among the many branches of geography, each of which can describe areas in regional terms. For example, ecoregion is a term used in environmental geography, cultural region in cultural geography, bioregion in biogeography, and so on. The field of geography that studies regions themselves is called regional geography. Regions are an area or division, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.

In the fields of physical geography, ecology, biogeography, zoogeography, and environmental geography, regions tend to be based on natural features such as ecosystems or biotopes, biomes, drainage basins, natural regions, mountain ranges, soil types. Where human geography is concerned, the regions and subregions are described by the discipline of ethnography.

Globalization

 

Global regions distinguishable from space, and are therefore clearly distinguished by the two basic terrestrial environments, land and water. However, they have been generally recognized as such much earlier by terrestrial cartography because of their impact on human geography. They are divided into the largest of land regions, known as continents and the largest of water regions known as oceans. There are also significant regions that do not belong to either classification, such as archipelago regions that are littoral regions, or earthquake regions that are defined in geology.

Continental regions

Continental regions are usually based on broad experiences in human history and attempt to reduce very large areas to more manageable regionalization for the purpose of the study. As such they are conceptual constructs, usually lacking distinct boundaries. The oceanic division into maritime regions is used in conjunction with the relationship to the central area of the continent, using directions of the compass.

Some continental regions are defined by the major continental feature of their identity, such as the Amazon basin, or the Sahara, which both occupy a significant percentage of their respective continental land area.

To a large extent, major continental regions are mental constructs created by considering an efficient way to define large areas of the continents. For the most part, the images of the world are derived as much from academic studies, from all types of media, or from personal experience of global exploration. They are a matter of collective human knowledge of their own planet and are attempts to better understand their environments.

Regional geography

Regional geography is a branch of geography that studies regions of all sizes across the Earth. It has a prevailing descriptive character. The main aim is to understand or define the uniqueness or character of a particular region, which consists of natural as well as human elements. Attention is paid also to regionalization, which covers the proper techniques of space delimitation into regions.

Regional geography is also considered as a certain approach to study in geographical sciences (similar to quantitative or critical geographies; for more information, see history of geography).

Human geography

Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with various discrete environments. It encompasses human, political, cultural, social, and economic aspects among others that are often clearly delineated. While the major focus of human geography is not the physical landscape of the Earth (see physical geography), it is hardly possible to discuss human geography without referring to the physical landscape on which human activities are being played out, and environmental geography is emerging as a link between the two. Regions of human geography can be divided into many broad categories:

Historical regions

Main article: Historical region

The field of historical geography involves the study of human history as it relates to places and regions, or the study of how places and regions have changed over time.

D. W. Meinig, a historical geographer of America, describes many historical regions in his book The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History. For example, in identifying European "source regions" in early American colonization efforts, he defines and describes the Northwest European Atlantic Protestant Region, which includes sub-regions such as the "Western Channel Community", which itself is made of sub-regions such as the English West Country of Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, and Dorset.

In describing historic regions of America, Meinig writes of "The Great Fishery" off the coast of Newfoundland and New England, an oceanic region that includes the Grand Banks. He rejects regions traditionally used in describing American history, like New France, "West Indies", the Middle Colonies, and the individual colonies themselves (Province of Maryland, for example). Instead he writes of "discrete colonization areas", which may be named after colonies but rarely adhere strictly to political boundaries. Among other historic regions of this type, he writes about "Greater New England" and its major sub-regions of "Plymouth", "New Haven shores" (including parts of Long Island), "Rhode Island" (or "Narragansett Bay"), "the Piscataqua", "Massachusetts Bay", "Connecticut Valley", and to a lesser degree, regions in the sphere of influence of Greater New England, "Acadia" (Nova Scotia), "Newfoundland and The Fishery/The Banks".

Other examples of historical regions are Iroquoia, Ohio Country, Illinois Country, and Rupert's Land.

In Russia, historical regions include Siberia and the Russian North, as well as the Ural Mountains. These regions had an identity that developed from the early modern period and led to Siberian regionalism.[1]

Tourism region

Main article: Tourism region

A tourism region is a geographical region that has been designated by a governmental organization or tourism bureau as having common cultural or environmental characteristics. These regions are often named after a geographical, former, or current administrative region or may have a name created for tourism purposes. The names often evoke certain positive qualities of the area and suggest a coherent tourism experience to visitors. Countries, states, provinces, and other administrative regions are often carved up into tourism regions to facilitate attracting visitors.

Some of the more famous tourism regions based on historical or current administrative regions include Tuscany[2] in Italy and Yucatán[3] in Mexico. Famous examples of regions created by a government or tourism bureau include the United Kingdom's Lake District[4] and California's Wine Country.[5] great plains region

Natural resource regions

Natural resources often occur in distinct regions. Natural resource regions can be a topic of physical geography or environmental geography, but also have a strong element of human geography and economic geography. A coal region, for example, is a physical or geomorphological region, but its development and exploitation can make it into an economic and a cultural region. Examples of natural resource regions are the Rumaila Field, the oil field that lies along the border or Iraq and Kuwait and played a role in the Gulf War; the Coal Region of Pennsylvania, which is a historical region as well as a cultural, physical, and natural resource region; the South Wales Coalfield, which like Pennsylvania's coal region is a historical, cultural, and natural region; the Kuznetsk Basin, a similarly important coal mining region in Russia; Kryvbas, the economic and iron ore mining region of Ukraine; and the James Bay Project, a large region of Quebec where one of the largest hydroelectric systems in the world has been developed.

Religious regions

Sometimes a region associated with a religion is given a name, like Christendom, a term with medieval and renaissance connotations of Christianity as a sort of social and political polity. The term Muslim world is sometimes used to refer to the region of the world where Islam is dominant. These broad terms are very vague when used to describe regions.

Within some religions there are clearly defined regions. The Roman Catholic Church, the Church of England, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and others, define ecclesiastical regions with names such as diocese, eparchy, ecclesiastical provinces, and parish.

For example, the United States is divided into 32 Roman Catholic ecclesiastical provinces. The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod is organized into 33 geographic districts, which are subdivided into circuits (the Atlantic District (LCMS), for example). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints uses regions similar to dioceses and parishes, but uses terms like ward and stake.

Political regions

See also: Administrative division

In the field of political geography, regions tend to be based on political units such as sovereign states; subnational units such as administrative regions, provinces, states (in the United States), counties, townships, territories, etc.; and multinational groupings, including formally defined units such as the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and NATO, as well as informally defined regions such as the Third World, Western Europe, and the Middle East.

Administrative regions

Further information: Administrative division

The word "region" is taken from the Latin regio (derived from regere, 'to rule'), and a number of countries have borrowed the term as the formal name for a type of subnational entity (e.g., the región, used in Chile). In English, the word is also used as the conventional translation for equivalent terms in other languages (e.g., the область (oblast), used in Russia alongside a broader term регион).

The following countries use the term "region" (or its cognate) as the name of a type of subnational administrative unit:

The Canadian province of Québec also uses the "administrative region" (région administrative).

Scotland had local government regions from 1975 to 1996.

In Spain the official name of the autonomous community of Murcia is Región de Murcia. Also, some single-province autonomous communities such as Madrid use the term región interchangeably with comunidad autónoma.

Two län (counties) in Sweden are officially called 'regions': Skåne and Västra Götaland, and there is currently a controversial proposal to divide the rest of Sweden into large regions, replacing the current counties.

The government of the Philippines uses the term "region" (in Filipino, rehiyon) when it's necessary to group provinces, the primary administrative subdivision of the country. This is also the case in Brazil, which groups its primary administrative divisions (estados; "states") into grandes regiões (greater regions) for statistical purposes, while Russia uses экономические районы (economic regions) in a similar way, as does Romania and Venezuela.

The government of Singapore makes use of the term "region" for its own administrative purposes.

The following countries use an administrative subdivision conventionally referred to as a region in English:

  • Bulgaria, which uses the област (oblast)
  • Greece, which uses the Περιφέρεια (periferia)
  • Russia, which uses the область (oblast'), and for some regions the край (krai)
  • Ukraine, which uses the область (oblast')
  • Slovakia (kraj)

China has five 自治区 (zìzhìqū) and two 特別行政區 (or 特别行政区; tèbiéxíngzhèngqū), which are translated as "autonomous region" and "special administrative region", respectively.

Local administrative regions

There are many relatively small regions based on local government agencies such as districts, agencies, or regions. In general, they are all regions in the general sense of being bounded spatial units. Examples include electoral districts such as Washington's 6th congressional district and Tennessee's 1st congressional district; school districts such as Granite School District and Los Angeles Unified School District; economic districts such as the Reedy Creek Improvement District; metropolitan areas such as the Seattle metropolitan area, and metropolitan districts such as the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, the Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, the Metropolitan Police Service of Greater London, as well as other local districts like the York Rural Sanitary District, the Delaware River Port Authority, the Nassau County Soil and Water Conservation District, and C-TRAN.

Traditional or informal regions

The traditional territorial divisions of some countries are also commonly rendered in English as "regions". These informal divisions do not form the basis of the modern administrative divisions of these countries, but still define and delimit local regional identity and sense of belonging. Examples are:

Functional regions

Functional regions are usually understood to be the areas organised by the horizontal functional relations (flows, interactions) that are maximised within a region and minimised across its borders so that the principles of internal cohesiveness and external separation regarding spatial interactions are met (see, for instance, Farmer and Fotheringham, 2011;[6] Klapka, Halas, 2016;[7] Smart, 1974[8]). A functional region is not an abstract spatial concept, but to a certain extent it can be regarded as a reflection of the spatial behaviour of individuals in a geographic space. The functional region is conceived as a general concept while its inner structure, inner spatial flows, and interactions need not necessarily show any regular pattern, only selfcontainment. The concept of self-containment remains the only crucial defining characteristic of a functional region. Nodal regions, functional urban regions, daily urban systems, local labour-market areas (LLMAs), or travel-to-work areas (TTWAs) are considered to be special instances of a general functional region that need to fulfil some specific conditions regarding, for instance, the character of the region-organising interaction or the presence of urban cores, (Halas et al., 2015[9]).

Military regions

See also: Military district

In military usage, a region is shorthand for the name of a military formation larger than an Army Group and smaller than an Army Theater or simply Theater. The full name of the military formation is Army Region. The size of an Army Region can vary widely but is generally somewhere between about 1 million and 3 million soldiers. Two or more Army Regions could make up an Army Theater. An Army Region is typically commanded by a full General (US four stars), a Field Marshal, or General of the Army (US five stars), or Generalissimo (Soviet Union); and in the US Armed Forces an Admiral (typically four stars) may also command a region. Due to the large size of this formation, its use is rarely employed. Some of the very few examples of an Army Region are each of the Eastern, Western, and southern (mostly in Italy) fronts in Europe during World War II. The military map unit symbol for this echelon of formation (see Military organization and APP-6A) is identified with six Xs.

Media geography

Media geography is a spatio-temporal understanding, brought through different gadgets of media, nowadays, media became inevitable at different proportions and everyone supposed to consumed at different gravity. The spatial attributes are studied with the help of media outputs in shape of images which are contested in nature and pattern as well where politics is inseparable. Media geography is giving spatial understanding of mediated image.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Susan Smith-Peter, "The Six Waves of Russian Regionalism in European Context, 1830–2000," in Russia's Regional Identities: The Power of the Provinces, ed. Edith W. Clowes, Gisela Erbsloh and Ani Kokobobo (London: Routledge, 2018), 14–43.
  2. ^ Turismo.intoscana.it 2009-11-30 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2009-11-25
  3. ^ Visitmexico.com 2010-01-02 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 2009-11-25
  4. ^ Lakedistrict.gov.uk, Retrieved 2009-11-25
  5. ^ Winecountry.com, Retrieved 2009-11-25
  6. ^ Farmer, CJQ; Fotheringham, AS (2011). "Network-based functional regions". Environment and Planning A. 43 (11): 2723–2741. doi:10.1068/a44136. S2CID 144055983.
  7. ^ Klapka, P; Halas, M (2016). "Conceptualising patterns of spatial flows: five decades of advances in the definition and use of functional regions". Moravian Geographical Reports. 24 (2): 2–11. doi:10.1515/mgr-2016-0006.
  8. ^ Smart, MW (1974). "Labour market areas: uses and definition". Progress in Planning. 2: 239–353. doi:10.1016/0305-9006(74)90008-7.
  9. ^ Halas, M; Klapka, P; Tonev, P; Bednar, M (2015). "An alternative definition and use for the constraint function for rule-based methods of functional regionalisation". Environment and Planning A. 47 (5): 1175–1191. doi:10.1177/0308518X15592306. S2CID 143263476.

References

  • Bailey, Robert G. (1996) Ecosystem Geography. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-94586-5
  • Meinig, D.W. (1986). The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History, Volume 1: Atlantic America, 1492-1800. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03548-9
  • Moinuddin Shekh. (2017) " Mediascape and the State: A Geographical Interpretation of Image Politics in Uttar Pradesh, India. Netherland, Springer.
  • Smith-Peter, Susan (2018) Imagining Russian Regions: Subnational Identity and Civil Society in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Leiden: Brill, 2017. ISBN 9789004353497

External links

  • Map and descriptions of hydrologic unit regions of the United States
  • Federal Standards for Delineation of Hydrologic Unit Boundaries[permanent dead link]

February 07, 2023
region, this, article, about, concept, region, geography, other, uses, disambiguation, geography, regions, otherwise, referred, zones, lands, territories, areas, that, broadly, divided, physical, characteristics, physical, geography, human, impact, characteris. This article is about the concept of region in geography For other uses see Region disambiguation In geography regions otherwise referred to as zones lands or territories are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics physical geography human impact characteristics human geography and the interaction of humanity and the environment environmental geography Geographic regions and sub regions are mostly described by their imprecisely defined and sometimes transitory boundaries except in human geography where jurisdiction areas such as national borders are defined in law Apart from the global continental regions there are also hydrospheric and atmospheric regions that cover the oceans and discrete climates above the land and water masses of the planet The land and water global regions are divided into subregions geographically bounded by large geological features that influence large scale ecologies such as plains and features As a way of describing spatial areas the concept of regions is important and widely used among the many branches of geography each of which can describe areas in regional terms For example ecoregion is a term used in environmental geography cultural region in cultural geography bioregion in biogeography and so on The field of geography that studies regions themselves is called regional geography Regions are an area or division especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries In the fields of physical geography ecology biogeography zoogeography and environmental geography regions tend to be based on natural features such as ecosystems or biotopes biomes drainage basins natural regions mountain ranges soil types Where human geography is concerned the regions and subregions are described by the discipline of ethnography Contents 1 Globalization 1 1 Continental regions 1 2 Regional geography 2 Human geography 2 1 Historical regions 2 2 Tourism region 2 3 Natural resource regions 2 4 Religious regions 2 5 Political regions 2 6 Administrative regions 2 6 1 Local administrative regions 2 7 Traditional or informal regions 2 8 Functional regions 2 9 Military regions 2 10 Media geography 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksGlobalization Edit Global regions distinguishable from space and are therefore clearly distinguished by the two basic terrestrial environments land and water However they have been generally recognized as such much earlier by terrestrial cartography because of their impact on human geography They are divided into the largest of land regions known as continents and the largest of water regions known as oceans There are also significant regions that do not belong to either classification such as archipelago regions that are littoral regions or earthquake regions that are defined in geology Continental regions Edit Continental regions are usually based on broad experiences in human history and attempt to reduce very large areas to more manageable regionalization for the purpose of the study As such they are conceptual constructs usually lacking distinct boundaries The oceanic division into maritime regions is used in conjunction with the relationship to the central area of the continent using directions of the compass Some continental regions are defined by the major continental feature of their identity such as the Amazon basin or the Sahara which both occupy a significant percentage of their respective continental land area To a large extent major continental regions are mental constructs created by considering an efficient way to define large areas of the continents For the most part the images of the world are derived as much from academic studies from all types of media or from personal experience of global exploration They are a matter of collective human knowledge of their own planet and are attempts to better understand their environments Regional geography Edit Regional geography is a branch of geography that studies regions of all sizes across the Earth It has a prevailing descriptive character The main aim is to understand or define the uniqueness or character of a particular region which consists of natural as well as human elements Attention is paid also to regionalization which covers the proper techniques of space delimitation into regions Regional geography is also considered as a certain approach to study in geographical sciences similar to quantitative or critical geographies for more information see history of geography Human geography EditHuman geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with various discrete environments It encompasses human political cultural social and economic aspects among others that are often clearly delineated While the major focus of human geography is not the physical landscape of the Earth see physical geography it is hardly possible to discuss human geography without referring to the physical landscape on which human activities are being played out and environmental geography is emerging as a link between the two Regions of human geography can be divided into many broad categories Cultural geography Demography Development geography Economic geography Ethnography Geopolitics Health geography Historical geography Language geography Media geography Religion geography Social geography Time geography Tourism geography Transportation geography Urban geography Historical regions Edit Main article Historical region The field of historical geography involves the study of human history as it relates to places and regions or the study of how places and regions have changed over time D W Meinig a historical geographer of America describes many historical regions in his book The Shaping of America A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History For example in identifying European source regions in early American colonization efforts he defines and describes the Northwest European Atlantic Protestant Region which includes sub regions such as the Western Channel Community which itself is made of sub regions such as the English West Country of Cornwall Devon Somerset and Dorset In describing historic regions of America Meinig writes of The Great Fishery off the coast of Newfoundland and New England an oceanic region that includes the Grand Banks He rejects regions traditionally used in describing American history like New France West Indies the Middle Colonies and the individual colonies themselves Province of Maryland for example Instead he writes of discrete colonization areas which may be named after colonies but rarely adhere strictly to political boundaries Among other historic regions of this type he writes about Greater New England and its major sub regions of Plymouth New Haven shores including parts of Long Island Rhode Island or Narragansett Bay the Piscataqua Massachusetts Bay Connecticut Valley and to a lesser degree regions in the sphere of influence of Greater New England Acadia Nova Scotia Newfoundland and The Fishery The Banks Other examples of historical regions are Iroquoia Ohio Country Illinois Country and Rupert s Land In Russia historical regions include Siberia and the Russian North as well as the Ural Mountains These regions had an identity that developed from the early modern period and led to Siberian regionalism 1 Tourism region Edit Main article Tourism region A tourism region is a geographical region that has been designated by a governmental organization or tourism bureau as having common cultural or environmental characteristics These regions are often named after a geographical former or current administrative region or may have a name created for tourism purposes The names often evoke certain positive qualities of the area and suggest a coherent tourism experience to visitors Countries states provinces and other administrative regions are often carved up into tourism regions to facilitate attracting visitors Some of the more famous tourism regions based on historical or current administrative regions include Tuscany 2 in Italy and Yucatan 3 in Mexico Famous examples of regions created by a government or tourism bureau include the United Kingdom s Lake District 4 and California s Wine Country 5 great plains region Natural resource regions Edit Natural resources often occur in distinct regions Natural resource regions can be a topic of physical geography or environmental geography but also have a strong element of human geography and economic geography A coal region for example is a physical or geomorphological region but its development and exploitation can make it into an economic and a cultural region Examples of natural resource regions are the Rumaila Field the oil field that lies along the border or Iraq and Kuwait and played a role in the Gulf War the Coal Region of Pennsylvania which is a historical region as well as a cultural physical and natural resource region the South Wales Coalfield which like Pennsylvania s coal region is a historical cultural and natural region the Kuznetsk Basin a similarly important coal mining region in Russia Kryvbas the economic and iron ore mining region of Ukraine and the James Bay Project a large region of Quebec where one of the largest hydroelectric systems in the world has been developed Religious regions Edit Sometimes a region associated with a religion is given a name like Christendom a term with medieval and renaissance connotations of Christianity as a sort of social and political polity The term Muslim world is sometimes used to refer to the region of the world where Islam is dominant These broad terms are very vague when used to describe regions Within some religions there are clearly defined regions The Roman Catholic Church the Church of England the Eastern Orthodox Church and others define ecclesiastical regions with names such as diocese eparchy ecclesiastical provinces and parish For example the United States is divided into 32 Roman Catholic ecclesiastical provinces The Lutheran Church Missouri Synod is organized into 33 geographic districts which are subdivided into circuits the Atlantic District LCMS for example The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints uses regions similar to dioceses and parishes but uses terms like ward and stake Political regions Edit See also Administrative division In the field of political geography regions tend to be based on political units such as sovereign states subnational units such as administrative regions provinces states in the United States counties townships territories etc and multinational groupings including formally defined units such as the European Union the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and NATO as well as informally defined regions such as the Third World Western Europe and the Middle East Administrative regions Edit Further information Administrative division The word region is taken from the Latin regio derived from regere to rule and a number of countries have borrowed the term as the formal name for a type of subnational entity e g the region used in Chile In English the word is also used as the conventional translation for equivalent terms in other languages e g the oblast oblast used in Russia alongside a broader term region The following countries use the term region or its cognate as the name of a type of subnational administrative unit Belgium in French region in German Region the Dutch term gewest is often mistakenly translated as regio Chad region effective from 2002 Chile region Cote d Ivoire region Denmark effective from 2007 England not the United Kingdom as a whole citation needed Eritrea France region Ghana Guinea region Guinea Bissau regiao Guyana Hungary regio Italy regione Madagascar region Mali region Malta reġjun Namibia New Zealand Peru region Portugal regiao Philippines rehiyon Senegal region Tanzania Thailand Togo region Trinidad and Tobago Regional Corporation The Canadian province of Quebec also uses the administrative region region administrative Scotland had local government regions from 1975 to 1996 In Spain the official name of the autonomous community of Murcia is Region de Murcia Also some single province autonomous communities such as Madrid use the term region interchangeably with comunidad autonoma Two lan counties in Sweden are officially called regions Skane and Vastra Gotaland and there is currently a controversial proposal to divide the rest of Sweden into large regions replacing the current counties The government of the Philippines uses the term region in Filipino rehiyon when it s necessary to group provinces the primary administrative subdivision of the country This is also the case in Brazil which groups its primary administrative divisions estados states into grandes regioes greater regions for statistical purposes while Russia uses ekonomicheskie rajony economic regions in a similar way as does Romania and Venezuela The government of Singapore makes use of the term region for its own administrative purposes The following countries use an administrative subdivision conventionally referred to as a region in English Bulgaria which uses the oblast oblast Greece which uses the Perifereia periferia Russia which uses the oblast oblast and for some regions the kraj krai Ukraine which uses the oblast oblast Slovakia kraj China has five 自治区 zizhiqu and two 特別行政區 or 特别行政区 tebiexingzhengqu which are translated as autonomous region and special administrative region respectively Local administrative regions Edit There are many relatively small regions based on local government agencies such as districts agencies or regions In general they are all regions in the general sense of being bounded spatial units Examples include electoral districts such as Washington s 6th congressional district and Tennessee s 1st congressional district school districts such as Granite School District and Los Angeles Unified School District economic districts such as the Reedy Creek Improvement District metropolitan areas such as the Seattle metropolitan area and metropolitan districts such as the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago the Las Vegas Clark County Library District the Metropolitan Police Service of Greater London as well as other local districts like the York Rural Sanitary District the Delaware River Port Authority the Nassau County Soil and Water Conservation District and C TRAN Traditional or informal regions Edit Regions of Finland The traditional territorial divisions of some countries are also commonly rendered in English as regions These informal divisions do not form the basis of the modern administrative divisions of these countries but still define and delimit local regional identity and sense of belonging Examples are England Finland Japan Korea Norway landsdeler Romania Slovakia United StatesFunctional regions Edit Functional regions are usually understood to be the areas organised by the horizontal functional relations flows interactions that are maximised within a region and minimised across its borders so that the principles of internal cohesiveness and external separation regarding spatial interactions are met see for instance Farmer and Fotheringham 2011 6 Klapka Halas 2016 7 Smart 1974 8 A functional region is not an abstract spatial concept but to a certain extent it can be regarded as a reflection of the spatial behaviour of individuals in a geographic space The functional region is conceived as a general concept while its inner structure inner spatial flows and interactions need not necessarily show any regular pattern only selfcontainment The concept of self containment remains the only crucial defining characteristic of a functional region Nodal regions functional urban regions daily urban systems local labour market areas LLMAs or travel to work areas TTWAs are considered to be special instances of a general functional region that need to fulfil some specific conditions regarding for instance the character of the region organising interaction or the presence of urban cores Halas et al 2015 9 Military regions Edit See also Military district In military usage a region is shorthand for the name of a military formation larger than an Army Group and smaller than an Army Theater or simply Theater The full name of the military formation is Army Region The size of an Army Region can vary widely but is generally somewhere between about 1 million and 3 million soldiers Two or more Army Regions could make up an Army Theater An Army Region is typically commanded by a full General US four stars a Field Marshal or General of the Army US five stars or Generalissimo Soviet Union and in the US Armed Forces an Admiral typically four stars may also command a region Due to the large size of this formation its use is rarely employed Some of the very few examples of an Army Region are each of the Eastern Western and southern mostly in Italy fronts in Europe during World War II The military map unit symbol for this echelon of formation see Military organization and APP 6A is identified with six Xs Media geography Edit Media geography is a spatio temporal understanding brought through different gadgets of media nowadays media became inevitable at different proportions and everyone supposed to consumed at different gravity The spatial attributes are studied with the help of media outputs in shape of images which are contested in nature and pattern as well where politics is inseparable Media geography is giving spatial understanding of mediated image See also EditAutonomous region Committee of the Regions Continent Continental fragment Euroregion Field geography Latin names of regions Military district Regional district Regionalism disambiguation Regional municipality Subcontinent Submerged continents Subregion Supercontinent United Nations geoschemeNotes Edit Susan Smith Peter The Six Waves of Russian Regionalism in European Context 1830 2000 in Russia s Regional Identities The Power of the Provinces ed Edith W Clowes Gisela Erbsloh and Ani Kokobobo London Routledge 2018 14 43 Turismo intoscana it Archived 2009 11 30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2009 11 25 Visitmexico com Archived 2010 01 02 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2009 11 25 Lakedistrict gov uk Retrieved 2009 11 25 Winecountry com Retrieved 2009 11 25 Farmer CJQ Fotheringham AS 2011 Network based functional regions Environment and Planning A 43 11 2723 2741 doi 10 1068 a44136 S2CID 144055983 Klapka P Halas M 2016 Conceptualising patterns of spatial flows five decades of advances in the definition and use of functional regions Moravian Geographical Reports 24 2 2 11 doi 10 1515 mgr 2016 0006 Smart MW 1974 Labour market areas uses and definition Progress in Planning 2 239 353 doi 10 1016 0305 9006 74 90008 7 Halas M Klapka P Tonev P Bednar M 2015 An alternative definition and use for the constraint function for rule based methods of functional regionalisation Environment and Planning A 47 5 1175 1191 doi 10 1177 0308518X15592306 S2CID 143263476 References EditBailey Robert G 1996 Ecosystem Geography New York Springer Verlag ISBN 0 387 94586 5 Meinig D W 1986 The Shaping of America A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History Volume 1 Atlantic America 1492 1800 New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 03548 9 Moinuddin Shekh 2017 Mediascape and the State A Geographical Interpretation of Image Politics in Uttar Pradesh India Netherland Springer Smith Peter Susan 2018 Imagining Russian Regions Subnational Identity and Civil Society in Nineteenth Century Russia Leiden Brill 2017 ISBN 9789004353497External links EditMap and descriptions of hydrologic unit regions of the United States Federal Standards for Delineation of Hydrologic Unit Boundaries permanent dead link Physiographic regions of the United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Region amp oldid 1126587910, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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