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Duke of Leinster

January 01, 1970

This article is about the title created in 1766 for the Earl of Kildare. For the title created in 1691, see Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg.

Duke of Leinster (/ˈlɪnstər/;[2][3] Irish: Diúc Laighean[4]) is a title in the Peerage of Ireland and the premier dukedom in that peerage. The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Leinster are: Marquess of Kildare (1761), Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (1747), Baron of Offaly (c. 1193), Baron Offaly (1620) and Baron Kildare, of Kildare in the County of Kildare (1870). The viscounty of Leinster is in the Peerage of Great Britain, the barony of Kildare in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, and all other titles in the Peerage of Ireland. The courtesy title of the eldest son and heir of the Duke of Leinster is Marquess of Kildare. The Duke of Leinster is the head of the House of Kildare.

Dukedom of Leinster
Argent a saltire gules
Creation date26 November 1766[1]
Created byKing George III
PeeragePeerage of Ireland
First holderJames FitzGerald, 1st Marquess of Kildare
Present holderMaurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke
Heir presumptiveEdward FitzGerald
(nephew of the present holder)
Remainder tothe 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titlesMarquess of Kildare
Earl of Kildare
Earl of Offaly
Viscount Leinster
Baron of Offaly
Baron Offaly
Baron Kildare
Former seat(s)Maynooth Castle
Kilkea Castle
Leinster House
Carton House

The 3rd Duke of Schomberg, General and K.G. (1641–1719), was created The 1st Duke of Leinster in 1691.[citation needed] However, that creation became extinct upon Schomberg's death in July 1719. For the second creation, it was granted to James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, who married to Lady Emily Lennox, the great-granddaughter of King Charles II of the Royal House of Stuart.

The family seat of the current Duke of Leinster is now Oakley Park, near Abingdon, Oxfordshire.[5] He succeeded as 9th Duke of Leinster, 9th Marquess of Kildare, 28th Earl of Kildare, 9th Earl of Offaly, 9th Viscount Leinster of Taplow, 14th Baron Offaly, 6th Baron Kildare, and as the Premier Duke, Marquess and Earl in the Peerage of Ireland.

Earls of Kildare from 1316 edit

This branch of the Cambro Norman FitzGerald/FitzMaurice dynasty, which came to Ireland in 1169, were initially created Earls of Kildare. The earldom was created in 1316 for John FitzGerald. Two senior FitzGeralds, Garret Mór FitzGerald and his son, Garret Óg FitzGerald served as Lords Deputy of Ireland, the representative of the Lord of Ireland (the King of England) in Ireland. The tenth earl, Thomas FitzGerald, known as Silken Thomas, was attainted and his honours were forfeit in 1537. In 1554, Thomas's half-brother and only male heir, Gerald FitzGerald, was created Earl of Kildare in the Peerage of Ireland. He was subsequently restored to the original letters patent in 1569, as 11th earl. The second (1554-created) earldom became extinct in 1599, although the original earldom survived.

Dukes of Leinster from 1766 edit

 
The 1st Duke of Leinster.
 
The 2nd Duke of Leinster

The family was originally based in Maynooth Castle in Maynooth in County Kildare. In later centuries the family owned estates in Waterford with their country residence being a Georgian house called Carton House which had replaced the castle in County Kildare. In Dublin, the Earl built a large townhouse residence on the southside of Dublin called Kildare House. When the Earl was awarded a dukedom and became Duke of Leinster, the house was renamed Leinster House. One of its occupants was Lord Edward FitzGerald, who became an icon for Irish nationalism through his involvement with the Irish Rebellion of 1798, which ultimately cost him his life.[citation needed]

Leinster House was sold by the Leinsters in 1815. After nearly a century as the headquarters of the Royal Dublin Society, which held its famed Spring Show and Horse Show in its grounds, Oireachtas Éireann, the two chamber parliament of the new Irish Free State, rented Leinster House in 1922 to be its temporary parliament house. In 1924 it bought the building for parliamentary use. It has remained the parliament house of the Irish state.

The Dukes of Leinster had by the early 20th century lost all their property and wealth. Their Carton House seat was sold (though one of Ireland's most historic buildings with perfectly preserved 18th century grounds, it was controversially turned into a hotel and golf course in the late 1990s by the current owner in an act condemned by environmentalists[citation needed]), as later on was their other residence in Waterford. The family now live in a smaller property in Ramsden, Oxfordshire.

Title dispute edit

A controversial claim by claimants who say they are descended from the 5th Duke, which is reported to have been largely debunked by Michael Estorick in 1981, was made in 2006 and subsequently failed.[6]

In 2005, a claim was filed with the Department of Constitutional Affairs by Theresa Pamella Caudill,[7] daughter of Eleanor and Maurice F. “Desmond” FitzGerald, on behalf of her nephew, a California builder, Paul FitzGerald, as claimant to be the rightful Duke of Leinster.[8] FitzGerald was claimed to be the grandson of Major Lord Desmond FitzGerald (1888–1916), the second son of The 5th Duke of Leinster, who was recorded as having been killed in action during the First World War, while serving with the Irish Guards. When Maurice, 6th Duke of Leinster, died, mad and childless, in February 1922, the Leinster dukedom and its considerable wealth and estates devolved upon his youngest brother, Lord Edward FitzGerald, who succeeded as 7th Duke. However, Paul FitzGerald's supporters claim that Lord Desmond faked his death and emigrated to California, by way of Winnipeg, Canada, where he lived until his death in 1967. It was further claimed by Mrs Caudill that a package of documents, witnessed by Edward, Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII), Sir Edgar Vincent, and Lord Feversham, had been lodged by her father with the Crown Office of the House of Lords in 1929, and the family had been denied access to them. Mrs Caudill believed the documents included evidence that her father agreed to relinquish the title for one generation but made it clear it was to be passed down to his son, her brother Leonard FitzGerald. Instead, it was passed down through her father's brother's family. It was alleged that an archivist had acknowledged the package had once existed, but the official line was that it was now lost.[8]

In February 2006, Lord Falconer of Thoroton, Lord Chancellor (2003–2007), and Harriet Harman, Minister of State in the Department for Constitutional Affairs, considered this claim.[9] The claim was dismissed by Lord Falconer of Thoroton, despite a 30-year campaign by Paul FitzGerald's family reputedly costing £1.3 million. The Lord Chancellor adjudicated that the title was to remain with the existing holder, Maurice FitzGerald. Paul FitzGerald has a right of appeal against the Lord Chancellor's verdict by petitioning the monarch.[10]

In 2010, however, DNA evidence was presented that indicates that Paul FitzGerald is related to the wife of the 5th Duke, the former Lady Hermione Duncombe.[11] As reported in The Scotsman,

With the help of Dunfermline-based genealogist Lloyd Pitcairn, Mrs FitzGerald Caudill [Paul FitzGerald's aunt] traced Maud Crawford, the grand-daughter of Lady Hermione's younger sister Urica Duncombe.

The results of the tests found that it was "41 times more probable" that Ms Crawford and Paul FitzGerald were extremely closely related than were from different families. The proof that Paul FitzGerald is related to the titled family is the first DNA evidence ever produced in the case, and it strongly supports Mrs Fitz-Gerald Caudhill's long-held claim suggesting that her mysterious father was the son of Lady Hermione, the wife of the fifth Duke of Leinster.[11]

Theresa Pamella Caudill died on July 25, 2015.[7]

It had also previously been alleged that Edward FitzGerald, who succeeded as 7th Duke, was the biological son of the 11th Earl of Wemyss (1857–1937).[12][verification needed] Were this to be established, then neither the present Duke nor any other descendant of his grandfather, the 7th Duke, would be a legitimate heir of the 1st Duke of Leinster.[original research?][citation needed]

Earls of Kildare (1316) edit

 
Ireland in 1450, with the Earldom of Kildare shown just southwest of the Pale
Other titles: Baron of Offaly (c. 1193)
Other titles (11th–13th Earls): Earl of Kildare and Baron of Offaly (1554)
Other titles (20th Earl): Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747)

Marquesses of Kildare (1761) edit

Other titles: Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and Baron of Offaly (c. 1193)

Dukes of Leinster, second creation (1766) edit

Other titles: Marquesse of Kildare (1761), Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747), Baron Offaly (1620) and Baron of Offaly (c. 1193)
Other titles (4th Duke onwards): Baron Kildare, of Kildare in the County of Kildare (UK 1870)

Present duke edit

Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke and Marquess of Leinster, 29th Earl of Kildare (born 7 April 1948), styled Earl of Offaly before 1976 and Marquess of Kildare between 1976 and 2004, is a landscape designer.[14][15]

The elder son of the 8th Duke and his second wife, Anne, daughter of Philip Smith, he was educated at Millfield.[14] He succeeded to his father's peerages on his death in 2004.[16]

On 19 February 1972, as Earl of Offaly, he married Fiona Mary Francesca Hollick. They had three children:[14]

As the Duke's only son died childless in 1997, his brother, Lord John FitzGerald (1952–2015), became heir presumptive to the peerages; educated at Millfield and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, he served as a captain in the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards and was later a horse trainer.[18] He died in 2015.[19] Lord John FitzGerald had two children:

  • Hermione FitzGerald (born 1985)
  • Edward FitzGerald (born 1988), heir presumptive to the dukedom and other peerages[20]

Line of succession edit

Line of succession

[21]

Family tree edit

Coat of arms edit

 
Arms of the Duke of Leinster

The coat of arms of the Dukes of Leinster derives from the legend that John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare, as a baby in Woodstock Castle, was trapped in a fire when a pet monkey rescued him. The FitzGeralds then adopted a monkey as their crest (and later supporters) and occasionally use the additional motto Non immemor beneficii (Not forgetful of a helping hand).[22] The motto "Crom A Boo" comes from the medieval Croom Castle and "Abu", meaning "up" in Irish; Crom Abu was the FitzGeralds' medieval warcry. Crom (Croom) and Shanet (Shanid) were two castles about 16 miles apart in County Limerick, one being the seat of the Geraldines of Kildare, and the other that of the Geraldines of Desmond, whose distinctive war cries were accordingly “Crom-a-boo” and “Shanet-a-boo.” In 1495 an act of Parliament was passed (10 Hen. 7. c. 20 (Ir)) “to abolish the words Crom-a-boo and Butler-a-boo.” The word “Abu” or “Aboo,” an exclamation of defiance, was the usual termination of the war cries in Ireland, as in a' buaidh, "to victory!"[23] Saint Patrick's Saltire, a red saltire on a white field, may have been adapted from the duke's arms on the 1783 creation of the Order of Saint Patrick, of which the 2nd Duke of Leinster was the senior founder knight.

  • Escutcheon: Argent a saltire gules.
  • Crest: A monkey statant proper environed about the middle with a plain collar and chained or.
  • Supporters: Two monkeys, environed and chained as in the crest.
  • Motto: Crom a boo (Now it would be spelt "Crom Abu"). In English, "Up Croom", or "Croom to victory."

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Collins, Arthur (1 January 1779). "The peerage of England. 3 vols. [in 4. Sig. N6,7 of vol. 1, 3B1 of vol. 2, and 2F5,6 of vol. 3 are cancels. Sig. K5 of vol. 3 has been cancelled and replaced by a bifolium]" – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Scriven, Marcus (1 December 2009). Splendour and Squalor: The Disgrace and Disintegration of Three Aristocratic Dynasties. Atlantic Books. ISBN 9781848874855 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Maynooth, Archaeology in (13 December 2011). "Maynooth Castle The History Part 3". from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  4. ^ Oireachtais, Tithe an. "Teach Laighean, Tithe an Oireachtais". from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  5. ^ US challenge to Duke title fails: An American builder's attempt to take an aristocratic title off an Oxfordshire man has failed, Oxford Mail, 19th April 2007, The Page Turner
  6. ^ Peterkin, Tom. Battle over Irish dukedom settled[dead link], Daily Telegraph, 21 April 2007. Accessed 12 June 2008.
  7. ^ a b "Theresa Caudill". from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  8. ^ a b Craig, Olga. "DNA tests and a mystery package in the £1m battle just for a duke's title". from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  9. ^ Tom Peterkin, Ireland Correspondent, Catherine Elsworth in Los Angeles, “A Californian claimant, an 'escape' from the trenches and the fight for a dukedom”, The Daily Telegraph, 27 February 2006 (subscription required) 3 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ American loses battle over Leinster dukedom claim 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine - website IrishAbroad
  11. ^ a b “DNA test the latest twist in aristocratic tale of a cowboy, a gambler and a web of deceit”, The Scotsman, 4 November 2010. (Retrieved 6 June 2021.) June 6, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Angela Lambert, Unquiet Souls (Harper & Row, 1984), p. 64
  13. ^ Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1904) [1986]. The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopædia of Armory. London: Bloomsbury Books. p. 485. ISBN 0-906223-34-2.
  14. ^ a b c d e Burke's Peerage, volume 2 (2003), p. 2297
  15. ^ A Californian claimant, an 'escape' from the trenches and the fight for a dukedom, The Daily Telegraph, accessed 6 August 2014
  16. ^ "The Duke of Leinster". The Telegraph. 7 December 2004. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  17. ^ "Thomas Earl of Offaly killed in car accident". The Irish Times. 20 May 1997.
  18. ^ , archived 22 February 2012
  19. ^ . Announcements.telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  20. ^ "Lord John FitzGerald", in Debrett's People of Today (Debrett's Peerage Limited), January 1995, ISBN 9781870520249
  21. ^ Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Leinster, Duke of". Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's Ltd. pp. 3333–3336. ISBN 978-1-999767-0-5-1.
  22. ^ "burkes-peerage.net - burkes-peerage Resources and Information". from the original on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2007.
  23. ^ Complete Peerage. (1890) Vol III. (D-F) p358 "Fitz-Gerald of Offaly".

Further reading edit

  • Estorick, Michael (1981). Heirs & Graces: the Claim to the Dukedom of Leinster. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  • Fitzgerald, Alan John (2004). Barons, Rebels & Romantics: the Fitzgeralds' First Thousand Years. 1stBooks Library.
  • Dooley, Terence A.M. (2014). The decline and fall of the dukes of Leinster, 1872-1948 : love, war, debt and madness. Dublin: Four Courts Press. ISBN 9781846825330. OCLC 872987047.
  • Hesilrige, Arthur G. M. (1921). Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy. London, UK: Dean & Son. p. 553.

January 01, 1970
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This article is about the title created in 1766 for the Earl of Kildare For the title created in 1691 see Meinhardt Schomberg 3rd Duke of Schomberg This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Duke of Leinster news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Duke of Leinster ˈ l ɪ n s t er 2 3 Irish Diuc Laighean 4 is a title in the Peerage of Ireland and the premier dukedom in that peerage The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Leinster are Marquess of Kildare 1761 Earl of Kildare 1316 Earl of Offaly 1761 Viscount Leinster of Taplow in the County of Buckingham 1747 Baron of Offaly c 1193 Baron Offaly 1620 and Baron Kildare of Kildare in the County of Kildare 1870 The viscounty of Leinster is in the Peerage of Great Britain the barony of Kildare in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and all other titles in the Peerage of Ireland The courtesy title of the eldest son and heir of the Duke of Leinster is Marquess of Kildare The Duke of Leinster is the head of the House of Kildare Dukedom of LeinsterArgent a saltire gulesCreation date26 November 1766 1 Created byKing George IIIPeeragePeerage of IrelandFirst holderJames FitzGerald 1st Marquess of KildarePresent holderMaurice FitzGerald 9th DukeHeir presumptiveEdward FitzGerald nephew of the present holder Remainder tothe 1st Duke s heirs male of the body lawfully begottenSubsidiary titlesMarquess of KildareEarl of KildareEarl of OffalyViscount LeinsterBaron of OffalyBaron OffalyBaron KildareFormer seat s Maynooth CastleKilkea CastleLeinster HouseCarton House The 3rd Duke of Schomberg General and K G 1641 1719 was created The 1st Duke of Leinster in 1691 citation needed However that creation became extinct upon Schomberg s death in July 1719 For the second creation it was granted to James FitzGerald 1st Duke of Leinster who married to Lady Emily Lennox the great granddaughter of King Charles II of the Royal House of Stuart The family seat of the current Duke of Leinster is now Oakley Park near Abingdon Oxfordshire 5 He succeeded as 9th Duke of Leinster 9th Marquess of Kildare 28th Earl of Kildare 9th Earl of Offaly 9th Viscount Leinster of Taplow 14th Baron Offaly 6th Baron Kildare and as the Premier Duke Marquess and Earl in the Peerage of Ireland Contents 1 Earls of Kildare from 1316 2 Dukes of Leinster from 1766 2 1 Title dispute 3 Earls of Kildare 1316 4 Marquesses of Kildare 1761 5 Dukes of Leinster second creation 1766 6 Present duke 7 Line of succession 8 Family tree 9 Coat of arms 10 See also 11 References 12 Further readingEarls of Kildare from 1316 editThis branch of the Cambro Norman FitzGerald FitzMaurice dynasty which came to Ireland in 1169 were initially created Earls of Kildare The earldom was created in 1316 for John FitzGerald Two senior FitzGeralds Garret Mor FitzGerald and his son Garret og FitzGerald served as Lords Deputy of Ireland the representative of the Lord of Ireland the King of England in Ireland The tenth earl Thomas FitzGerald known as Silken Thomas was attainted and his honours were forfeit in 1537 In 1554 Thomas s half brother and only male heir Gerald FitzGerald was created Earl of Kildare in the Peerage of Ireland He was subsequently restored to the original letters patent in 1569 as 11th earl The second 1554 created earldom became extinct in 1599 although the original earldom survived Dukes of Leinster from 1766 edit nbsp The 1st Duke of Leinster nbsp The 2nd Duke of Leinster The family was originally based in Maynooth Castle in Maynooth in County Kildare In later centuries the family owned estates in Waterford with their country residence being a Georgian house called Carton House which had replaced the castle in County Kildare In Dublin the Earl built a large townhouse residence on the southside of Dublin called Kildare House When the Earl was awarded a dukedom and became Duke of Leinster the house was renamed Leinster House One of its occupants was Lord Edward FitzGerald who became an icon for Irish nationalism through his involvement with the Irish Rebellion of 1798 which ultimately cost him his life citation needed Leinster House was sold by the Leinsters in 1815 After nearly a century as the headquarters of the Royal Dublin Society which held its famed Spring Show and Horse Show in its grounds Oireachtas Eireann the two chamber parliament of the new Irish Free State rented Leinster House in 1922 to be its temporary parliament house In 1924 it bought the building for parliamentary use It has remained the parliament house of the Irish state The Dukes of Leinster had by the early 20th century lost all their property and wealth Their Carton House seat was sold though one of Ireland s most historic buildings with perfectly preserved 18th century grounds it was controversially turned into a hotel and golf course in the late 1990s by the current owner in an act condemned by environmentalists citation needed as later on was their other residence in Waterford The family now live in a smaller property in Ramsden Oxfordshire Title dispute edit A controversial claim by claimants who say they are descended from the 5th Duke which is reported to have been largely debunked by Michael Estorick in 1981 was made in 2006 and subsequently failed 6 In 2005 a claim was filed with the Department of Constitutional Affairs by Theresa Pamella Caudill 7 daughter of Eleanor and Maurice F Desmond FitzGerald on behalf of her nephew a California builder Paul FitzGerald as claimant to be the rightful Duke of Leinster 8 FitzGerald was claimed to be the grandson of Major Lord Desmond FitzGerald 1888 1916 the second son of The 5th Duke of Leinster who was recorded as having been killed in action during the First World War while serving with the Irish Guards When Maurice 6th Duke of Leinster died mad and childless in February 1922 the Leinster dukedom and its considerable wealth and estates devolved upon his youngest brother Lord Edward FitzGerald who succeeded as 7th Duke However Paul FitzGerald s supporters claim that Lord Desmond faked his death and emigrated to California by way of Winnipeg Canada where he lived until his death in 1967 It was further claimed by Mrs Caudill that a package of documents witnessed by Edward Prince of Wales later Edward VIII Sir Edgar Vincent and Lord Feversham had been lodged by her father with the Crown Office of the House of Lords in 1929 and the family had been denied access to them Mrs Caudill believed the documents included evidence that her father agreed to relinquish the title for one generation but made it clear it was to be passed down to his son her brother Leonard FitzGerald Instead it was passed down through her father s brother s family It was alleged that an archivist had acknowledged the package had once existed but the official line was that it was now lost 8 In February 2006 Lord Falconer of Thoroton Lord Chancellor 2003 2007 and Harriet Harman Minister of State in the Department for Constitutional Affairs considered this claim 9 The claim was dismissed by Lord Falconer of Thoroton despite a 30 year campaign by Paul FitzGerald s family reputedly costing 1 3 million The Lord Chancellor adjudicated that the title was to remain with the existing holder Maurice FitzGerald Paul FitzGerald has a right of appeal against the Lord Chancellor s verdict by petitioning the monarch 10 In 2010 however DNA evidence was presented that indicates that Paul FitzGerald is related to the wife of the 5th Duke the former Lady Hermione Duncombe 11 As reported in The Scotsman With the help of Dunfermline based genealogist Lloyd Pitcairn Mrs FitzGerald Caudill Paul FitzGerald s aunt traced Maud Crawford the grand daughter of Lady Hermione s younger sister Urica Duncombe The results of the tests found that it was 41 times more probable that Ms Crawford and Paul FitzGerald were extremely closely related than were from different families The proof that Paul FitzGerald is related to the titled family is the first DNA evidence ever produced in the case and it strongly supports Mrs Fitz Gerald Caudhill s long held claim suggesting that her mysterious father was the son of Lady Hermione the wife of the fifth Duke of Leinster 11 Theresa Pamella Caudill died on July 25 2015 7 It had also previously been alleged that Edward FitzGerald who succeeded as 7th Duke was the biological son of the 11th Earl of Wemyss 1857 1937 12 verification needed Were this to be established then neither the present Duke nor any other descendant of his grandfather the 7th Duke would be a legitimate heir of the 1st Duke of Leinster original research citation needed Earls of Kildare 1316 edit nbsp Ireland in 1450 with the Earldom of Kildare shown just southwest of the Pale Other titles Baron of Offaly c 1193 John FitzGerald 1st Earl of Kildare 1250 1316 already 4th Baron of Offaly was rewarded for serving Edward I of England in Scotland Thomas FitzGerald 2nd Earl of Kildare died 1328 younger only surviving son of the 1st Earl John FitzGerald 1314 1323 eldest son of the 2nd Earl died in childhood Richard FitzGerald 3rd Earl of Kildare 1317 1329 second son of the 2nd Earl died unmarried Maurice FitzGerald 4th Earl of Kildare 1318 1390 third and youngest son of the 2nd Earl Gerald FitzGerald 5th Earl of Kildare died 1432 a son of the 4th Earl The 5th Earl had at least one son Thomas who predeceased him John FitzGerald 6th Earl of Kildare de jure d c 1434 a younger son of the 4th Earl he was forced to dispute his right to the title with a son in law of the 5th Earl Thomas FitzGerald 7th Earl of Kildare died 1478 son of the 6th Earl Gerald FitzGerald 8th Earl of Kildare c 1456 1513 eldest son of the 7th Earl Gearoid Mor FitzGerald Gerald FitzGerald 9th Earl of Kildare 1487 1534 eldest son of the 8th Earl Gearoid og Fitzgerald Thomas FitzGerald 10th Earl of Kildare died 1537 Silken Thomas eldest son of the 9th Earl led an insurrection in Ireland and his honours were forfeit and he died unmarried Other titles 11th 13th Earls Earl of Kildare and Baron of Offaly 1554 Gerald FitzGerald 11th Earl of Kildare 1525 1585 second son of the 9th Earl was given a new creation in 1554 then restored to his brother s honours in 1569 Gerald Garrett FitzGerald Lord Offaly 1559 1580 eldest son of the 11th Earl predeceased his father without male issue Henry FitzGerald 12th Earl of Kildare 1562 1597 second son of the 11th Earl died without male issue William FitzGerald 13th Earl of Kildare died 1599 third and youngest son of the 11th Earl died unmarried Gerald FitzGerald 14th Earl of Kildare died 1612 elder son of Edward himself third and youngest son of the 9th Earl Gerald FitzGerald 15th Earl of Kildare 1611 1620 only son of the 14th Earl died in childhood George FitzGerald 16th Earl of Kildare 1612 1660 also 2nd Baron Offaly from 1658 a son of Thomas himself younger brother of the 14th Earl and the 1st Baroness Offaly Wentworth FitzGerald 17th Earl of Kildare 1634 1664 elder son of the 16th Earl John FitzGerald 18th Earl of Kildare 1661 1707 only son of the 17th Earl died without surviving issue Henry FitzGerald Lord Offaly 1683 1684 only son of the 18th Earl died in infancy Robert FitzGerald 19th Earl of Kildare 1675 1744 only son of Robert himself younger son of the 16th Earl Other titles 20th Earl Viscount Leinster of Taplow in the County of Buckingham GB 1747 James FitzGerald 20th Earl of Kildare 1722 1773 was created Marquess of Kildare in 1761Marquesses of Kildare 1761 editOther titles Earl of Kildare 1316 Earl of Offaly 1761 Viscount Leinster of Taplow in the County of Buckingham GB 1747 and Baron of Offaly c 1193 James FitzGerald 1st Marquess of Kildare 1722 1773 was created Duke of Leinster in 1766 George FitzGerald Earl of Offaly 1748 1765 eldest son of the 1st MarquessDukes of Leinster second creation 1766 editGenealogy of Dukes of Leinster from 1766 Premier Duke Marquess and Earl of Ireland 13 16 William Robert FitzGerald 2nd Duke of Leinster KP 1749 1804 8 Augustus Frederick FitzGerald 3rd Duke of Leinster 1791 1874 17 Emilia Olivia St George da Usher St George b 17 4 Charles William FitzGerald 4th Duke of Leinster 1847 1887 18 Charles Stanhope 3rd Earl of Harrington 1853 1859 9 Charlotte Augusta Stanhope 1793 1859 19 Jane Fleming da John Fleming b 17 2 Gerald FitzGerald 5th Duke of Leinster 1851 1893 20 George Granville Leveson Gower 1st Duke of Sutherland KG 1758 1833 10 George Granville Sutherland Leveson Gower 2nd Duke of Sutherland KG 1786 1861 21 Elizabeth Countess of Sutherland 1765 1839 5 Caroline Sutherland Leveson Gower da 2nd Duke of Sutherland 1817 1887 22 George Howard 6th Earl of Carlisle KG 1773 1848 11 Harriet Elizabeth Georgina Howard 1806 1868 23 Georgina Cavendish da 5th Duke of Devonshire KG b 17 1 Maurice FitzGerald 6th Duke of Leinster b 1887 nbsp 24 Charles Duncombe 1st Baron Feversham 1764 1841 12 William Duncombe 2nd Baron Faversham 1798 1867 25 Charlotte Legge da 2nd Earl of Dartmouth d 1848 6 William Ernest Duncombe 1st Earl of Feversham b 1829 26 George Stewart 8th Earl of Galloway KT 1768 1834 13 Louisa Stewart d 1889 27 Jane Paget da 1st Earl Uxbridge d 1842 3 Hermione Wilhelmina Duncombe 1864 1895 28 James Grayham 1st Bart 1761 1824 14 James Robert George Graham PC 1792 1861 29 Catherine Stewart da 7th Earl of Galloway d 1836 7 Mabel Violet Graham 18 30 James Callander b 1774 15 Fanny Callender d 1857 31 Elizabeth MacDonnel da 5th Earl of Antrim d 1796 The Most Noble Maurice FitzGerald 6th Duke of Leinster 1887 1922 Marquess and Earl of Kildare County Kildare Earl and Baron of Offaly all in the Peerage of Ireland Viscount Leinster of Taplow co Bucks in the Peerage of Great Britain and Baron Kildare of Kildare in the Peerage of the United Kingdom Premier Duke and Earl of Ireland Other titles Marquesse of Kildare 1761 Earl of Kildare 1316 Earl of Offaly 1761 Viscount Leinster of Taplow in the County of Buckingham GB 1747 Baron Offaly 1620 and Baron of Offaly c 1193 James FitzGerald 1st Duke of Leinster 1722 1773 elder son of the 19th Earl William Robert FitzGerald 2nd Duke of Leinster 1749 1804 second son of the 1st Duke George FitzGerald Marquess of Kildare 1783 1784 eldest son of the 2nd Duke died in infancy Augustus Frederick FitzGerald 3rd Duke of Leinster 1791 1874 second son of the 2nd Duke Other titles 4th Duke onwards Baron Kildare of Kildare in the County of Kildare UK 1870 Charles William FitzGerald 4th Duke of Leinster 1819 1887 eldest son of the 3rd Duke Gerald FitzGerald 5th Duke of Leinster 1851 1893 eldest son of the 4th Duke Maurice FitzGerald 6th Duke of Leinster 1887 1922 eldest son of the 5th Duke died unmarried Edward FitzGerald 7th Duke of Leinster 1892 1976 third and youngest son of the 5th Duke Gerald FitzGerald 8th Duke of Leinster 1914 2004 only legitimate son of the 7th Duke Maurice FitzGerald 9th Duke of Leinster born 1948 elder son of the 8th DukePresent duke editMaurice FitzGerald 9th Duke and Marquess of Leinster 29th Earl of Kildare born 7 April 1948 styled Earl of Offaly before 1976 and Marquess of Kildare between 1976 and 2004 is a landscape designer 14 15 The elder son of the 8th Duke and his second wife Anne daughter of Philip Smith he was educated at Millfield 14 He succeeded to his father s peerages on his death in 2004 16 On 19 February 1972 as Earl of Offaly he married Fiona Mary Francesca Hollick They had three children 14 Thomas FitzGerald Earl of Offaly 1974 1997 killed in a motor accident 17 Lady Francesca Emily Purcell FitzGerald Hobbs born 1976 14 Lady Pollyanna Louisa Clementine FitzGerald born 1982 14 As the Duke s only son died childless in 1997 his brother Lord John FitzGerald 1952 2015 became heir presumptive to the peerages educated at Millfield and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst he served as a captain in the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards and was later a horse trainer 18 He died in 2015 19 Lord John FitzGerald had two children Hermione FitzGerald born 1985 Edward FitzGerald born 1988 heir presumptive to the dukedom and other peerages 20 Line of succession editLine of succession nbsp Charles FitzGerald 4th Duke of Leinster 1819 1897 nbsp Gerald FitzGerald 5th Duke of Leinster 1851 1893 nbsp Edward FitzGerald 7th Duke of Leinster 1892 1976 nbsp Gerald FitzGerald 8th Duke of Leinster 1914 2004 nbsp Maurice FitzGerald 9th Duke of Leinster born 1948 Lord John FitzGerald 1952 2015 1 Edward FitzGerald b 1988 Lord Charles FitzGerald 1859 1928 Rupert Augustus FitzGerald 1900 1969 2 Peter Charles FitzGerald b 1925 3 Stephen Peter FitzGerald b 1953 21 Family tree editvteFitzGerald family tree Earls of Kildare Dukes of Leinster Marquesses of Kildare and Barons Rayleigh Gerald de WindsorNest ferch Rhys Maurice FitzGerald c 1105 1176 Lord of Lanstephan Baron Offaly 1175 Gerald FitzMaurice c 1150 1204 1st Lord of OffalyThomas FitzMaurice c 1175 1213 Lord of O Connelloe Maurice FitzGerald 1194 1257 2nd Lord of OffalyEarl of Desmond Maurice FitzGerald3rd Lord of Offaly 1238 c 1286 Thomas FitzGerald d 1271 Earl of Kildare 1316 John FitzGerald 1250 1316 1st Earl of Kildare 4th Lord of Offaly Thomas FitzGerald d 1328 2nd Earl of Kildare Richard FitzGerald 1317 1329 3rd Earl of KildareMaurice FitzGerald 1318 1390 4th Earl of Kildare Gerald FitzGerald d 1432 5th Earl of KildareJohn FitzGerald d 1434 6th Earl of Kildare Thomas FitzGerald c 1421 1478 7th Earl of Kildare Gerald FitzGerald c 1456 1513 8th Earl of Kildare Gerald FitzGerald 1487 1534 9th Earl of Kildare Earl of Kildare 2nd creation 1554Ancient earldom restored 1569 Thomas FitzGerald 1513 1537 10th Earl of KildareGerald FitzGerald 1525 1585 1st amp 11th Earl of KildareEdward FitzGerald 1528 1590 Kildare earldom 1st creation forfeit 1537 Henry FitzGerald 1562 1597 2nd amp 12th Earl of KildareWilliam FitzGerald c 1563 1599 3rd amp 13th Earl of KildareKing James VI amp I 1566 1625 Gerald FitzGerald d 1612 14th Earl of KildareThomas FitzGerald c 1560 1619 Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia 1596 1662 King Charles I 1600 1649 Gerald FitzGerald 1611 1620 15th Earl of KildareGeorge FitzGerald 1612 1660 16th Earl of Kildare Charles Louis 1617 1680 Elector PalatineKing Charles II 1630 1685 Wentworth FitzGerald 1634 1664 17th Earl of KildareRobert FitzGerald 1638 1698 Duke of Leinster 1st creation 1691 Meinhardt Schomberg 1641 1719 Duke of Leinster Duke of Schomberg Marquess of Harwich Earl of Brentford Earl of Bangor Baron Tara Count of Mertola Portugal Raugravine Caroline Elisabeth 1659 1696 Charles Lennox 1672 1723 Duke of RichmondJohn FitzGerald 1661 1707 18th Earl of KildareRobert FitzGerald 1675 1744 19th Earl of Kildare Dukedom of Leinster 1st creation extinct 1719 Charles Schomberg 1683 1713 styled Marquess of HarwichCharles Lennox 1701 1750 Duke of Richmond Viscount Leinster of Taplow in the County of Buckingham 1747Marquess of Kildare 1761Duke of Leinster 2nd creation 1766 Emily Lennox 1731 1814 James FitzGerald 1722 1773 1st Duke of Leinster 1st Marquess of Kildare 20th Earl of Kildare 1st Earl of Offaly 1st Viscount Leinster 1st Baron Offaly Baron LecaleBaron Rayleigh George FitzGerald 1748 1765 styled Earl of OffalyWilliam Robert FitzGerald 1749 1804 2nd Duke of Leinster 2nd Marquess of Kildare 21st Earl of Kildare 2nd Earl of Offaly 2nd Viscount Leinster 2nd Baron OffalyCharles James FitzGerald 1756 1810 Baron LecaleCharlotte Strutt 1758 1836 1st Baroness Rayleigh Lecale barony extinct 1810 George FitzGerald 1783 1784 styled Marquess of KildareAugustus Frederick FitzGerald 1791 1874 3rd Duke of Leinster 3rd Marquess of Kildare 22nd Earl of Kildare 3rd Earl of Offaly 3rd Viscount Leinster 8th Baron OffalyJohn James Strutt 1796 1873 2nd Baron Rayleigh Baron Kildare 1870 Charles William FitzGerald 1819 1887 4th Duke of Leinster 4th Marquess of Kildare 23rd Earl of Kildare 4th Earl of Offaly 4th Viscount Leinster 9th Baron Offaly 1st Baron Kildare Gerald FitzGerald 1851 1893 5th Duke of Leinster 5th Marquess of Kildare 24th Earl of Kildare 5th Earl of Offaly 5th Viscount Leinster 10th Baron Offaly 2nd Baron KildareJohn William Strutt 1842 1919 3rd Baron Rayleigh Maurice FitzGerald 1887 1922 6th Duke of Leinster 6th Marquess of Kildare 25th Earl of Kildare 6th Earl of Offaly 6th Viscount Leinster 11th Baron Offaly 3rd Baron KildareLord Desmond FitzGerald 1888 1916 Edward FitzGerald 1892 1976 7th Duke of Leinster 7th Marquess of Kildare 26th Earl of Kildare 7th Earl of Offaly 7th Viscount Leinster 12th Baron Offaly 4th Baron KildareRobert John Strutt 1875 1947 4th Baron Rayleigh Gerald FitzGerald 1914 2004 8th Duke of Leinster 8th Marquess of Kildare 27th Earl of Kildare 8th Earl of Offaly 8th Viscount Leinster 13th Baron Offaly 5th Baron KildareJohn Arthur Strutt 1908 1988 5th Baron Rayleigh Maurice FitzGerald b 1948 9th Duke of Leinster 9th Marquess of Kildare 28th Earl of Kildare 9th Earl of Offaly 9th Viscount Leinster 14th Baron Offaly 6th Baron KildareLord John FitzGerald 1952 2015 John Gerald Strutt b 1960 6th Baron Rayleigh Thomas FitzGerald 1974 1997 styled Earl of OffalyEdward FitzGerald b 1988 John Frederick Strutt b 1993 Heir presumptive to the Leinster dukedomHeir apparent to the Barony RayleighCoat of arms edit nbsp Arms of the Duke of Leinster The coat of arms of the Dukes of Leinster derives from the legend that John FitzGerald 1st Earl of Kildare as a baby in Woodstock Castle was trapped in a fire when a pet monkey rescued him The FitzGeralds then adopted a monkey as their crest and later supporters and occasionally use the additional motto Non immemor beneficii Not forgetful of a helping hand 22 The motto Crom A Boo comes from the medieval Croom Castle and Abu meaning up in Irish Crom Abu was the FitzGeralds medieval warcry Crom Croom and Shanet Shanid were two castles about 16 miles apart in County Limerick one being the seat of the Geraldines of Kildare and the other that of the Geraldines of Desmond whose distinctive war cries were accordingly Crom a boo and Shanet a boo In 1495 an act of Parliament was passed 10 Hen 7 c 20 Ir to abolish the words Crom a boo and Butler a boo The word Abu or Aboo an exclamation of defiance was the usual termination of the war cries in Ireland as in a buaidh to victory 23 Saint Patrick s Saltire a red saltire on a white field may have been adapted from the duke s arms on the 1783 creation of the Order of Saint Patrick of which the 2nd Duke of Leinster was the senior founder knight Escutcheon Argent a saltire gules Crest A monkey statant proper environed about the middle with a plain collar and chained or Supporters Two monkeys environed and chained as in the crest Motto Crom a boo Now it would be spelt Crom Abu In English Up Croom or Croom to victory See also editIrish nobility Baron Offaly Baron Lecale Baron Rayleigh Baron de Ros Earl of DesmondReferences edit Collins Arthur 1 January 1779 The peerage of England 3 vols in 4 Sig N6 7 of vol 1 3B1 of vol 2 and 2F5 6 of vol 3 are cancels Sig K5 of vol 3 has been cancelled and replaced by a bifolium via Google Books Scriven Marcus 1 December 2009 Splendour and Squalor The Disgrace and Disintegration of Three Aristocratic Dynasties Atlantic Books ISBN 9781848874855 via Google Books Maynooth Archaeology in 13 December 2011 Maynooth Castle The History Part 3 Archived from the original on 23 December 2017 Retrieved 22 December 2017 Oireachtais Tithe an Teach Laighean Tithe an Oireachtais Archived from the original on 23 December 2017 Retrieved 22 December 2017 US challenge to Duke title fails An American builder s attempt to take an aristocratic title off an Oxfordshire man has failed Oxford Mail 19th April 2007 The Page Turner Peterkin Tom Battle over Irish dukedom settled dead link Daily Telegraph 21 April 2007 Accessed 12 June 2008 a b Theresa Caudill Archived from the original on 25 August 2016 Retrieved 25 August 2016 a b Craig Olga DNA tests and a mystery package in the 1m battle just for a duke s title Archived from the original on 10 October 2016 Retrieved 25 August 2016 Tom Peterkin Ireland Correspondent Catherine Elsworth in Los Angeles A Californian claimant an escape from the trenches and the fight for a dukedom The Daily Telegraph 27 February 2006 subscription required Archived 3 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine American loses battle over Leinster dukedom claim Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine website IrishAbroad a b DNA test the latest twist in aristocratic tale of a cowboy a gambler and a web of deceit The Scotsman 4 November 2010 Retrieved 6 June 2021 Archived June 6 2021 at the Wayback Machine Angela Lambert Unquiet Souls Harper amp Row 1984 p 64 Fox Davies Arthur Charles 1904 1986 The Art of Heraldry An Encyclopaedia of Armory London Bloomsbury Books p 485 ISBN 0 906223 34 2 a b c d e Burke s Peerage volume 2 2003 p 2297 A Californian claimant an escape from the trenches and the fight for a dukedom The Daily Telegraph accessed 6 August 2014 The Duke of Leinster The Telegraph 7 December 2004 Retrieved 28 November 2023 Thomas Earl of Offaly killed in car accident The Irish Times 20 May 1997 Lanwades Stud Newmarket Information archived 22 February 2012 FITZGERALD Deaths Announcements Telegraph Announcements Announcements telegraph co uk Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 Retrieved 3 July 2022 Lord John FitzGerald in Debrett s People of Today Debrett s Peerage Limited January 1995 ISBN 9781870520249 Morris Susan Bosberry Scott Wendy Belfield Gervase eds 2019 Leinster Duke of Debrett s Peerage and Baronetage Vol 1 150th ed London Debrett s Ltd pp 3333 3336 ISBN 978 1 999767 0 5 1 burkes peerage net burkes peerage Resources and Information Archived from the original on 14 March 2007 Retrieved 10 January 2007 Complete Peerage 1890 Vol III D F p358 Fitz Gerald of Offaly Further reading editEstorick Michael 1981 Heirs amp Graces the Claim to the Dukedom of Leinster Weidenfeld amp Nicolson Fitzgerald Alan John 2004 Barons Rebels amp Romantics the Fitzgeralds First Thousand Years 1stBooks Library Dooley Terence A M 2014 The decline and fall of the dukes of Leinster 1872 1948 love war debt and madness Dublin Four Courts Press ISBN 9781846825330 OCLC 872987047 Hesilrige Arthur G M 1921 Debrett s Peerage and Titles of courtesy London UK Dean amp Son p 553 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Duke of Leinster amp oldid 1215688145, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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