John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway
John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway, KT (13 March 1736 – 13 November 1806), styled Viscount Garlies from 1747 until 1773, was a British peer who became the 7th Earl of Galloway in 1773 and served as a Member of Parliament from 1761 to 1773.
The Earl of Galloway | |
|---|---|
Stewart as Master of Garlies by Anton Raphael Mengs, 1758 | |
| Lord Lieutenant of Kirkcudbright | |
| In office 1803–1806 | |
| Preceded by | Viscount Garlies |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Selkirk |
| Lord Lieutenant of Wigtown | |
| In office 1794–1806 | |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Earl of Galloway |
| Member of Parliament for Ludgershall | |
| In office 1768–1773 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Whately John Paterson |
| Succeeded by | Sir Peniston Lamb Whitshed Keene |
| Member of Parliament for Morpeth | |
| In office 1761–1768 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Duncombe Sir Matthew Fetherstonhaugh |
| Succeeded by | Peter Beckford Sir Matthew Ridley |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 13 March 1736 |
| Died | 13 November 1806 (aged 70) |
| Political party | Tory |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 18, including George, William, Charles, Edward, James |
| Parent(s) | Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway Lady Catherine Cochrane |
| Relatives | The Hon. Keith Stewart (brother) The Marchioness of Stafford (sister) The Earl of Dunmore (brother-in-law) The Duke of Hamilton (brother-in-law) The Marquess of Stafford (brother-in-law) |
Early life edit
John Stewart was the eldest son and second child of Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway (c. 1694–1773) and his, second wife, Lady Catherine Cochrane. His older sister, Lady Susanna Stewart (d. 1805), married Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford. His other siblings included Admiral the Honourable Keith Stewart of Glasserton (1739–1795), Lady Margaret Stewart (d. 1762), Lady Charlotte Stewart (d. 1818) who married John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, Lady Catherine Stewart (b. c. 1750), and Lady Harriet Stewart (d. 1788) who married Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton.[1]
His paternal grandparents were James Stewart, 5th Earl of Galloway and Catherine (née Montgomerie), a daughter of Alexander Montgomerie, 9th Earl of Eglinton. His mother was the youngest daughter of John Cochrane, 4th Earl of Dundonald.[1]
Career edit
He was elected one of the representative peers, representing the Peerage of Scotland in the House of Lords, in 1774 and sat there until the 1790s.[2] From 1783 until his death he was a Lord of the Bedchamber to King George III.
The Earl, a Tory, was the target of two hostile poems by Robert Burns, John Bushby's Lamentation and On the Earl of Galloway.[3][4]
Galloway, a frequent opera-goer, was caricatured by James Gillray in An Old Encore at the Opera! of 1803.[2] In 1762, James Boswell wrote of him that he had "a petulant forwardness that cannot fail to disgust people of sense and delicacy".[5]
Besides being a Member of Parliament, Lord Galloway was a Lord of Police from 1768 to 1782, a Representative Peer for Scotland from 1774 to 1790, a Knight of the Thistle (1775), and a Lord of the Bedchamber from 1784 to 1806.[6]
He succeeded his father Alexander in 1773.[1][6]
Art patronage edit
The Earl of Galloway was painted in a miniature by Nathaniel Hone the Elder,[7] as well as a full portrait by Anton Raphael Mengs in 1758 when he was Viscount Garlies, which is currently located at The Los Angeles County Museum of Art.[8]
His second wife, Anne Dashwood, had a portrait painted of her by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1764. The portrait of Anne is currently located at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.[9] Lady Galloway, along with their daughter Susan Stewart, later Duchess of Marlborough, was also painted by Angelica Kauffmann.[10]
Personal life edit
On 14 August 1762, he married Lady Charlotte Greville (d. 1763), the daughter of Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick (1719–1773).[2] They had two sons, both of whom died in infancy.[1]
After his first wife's early death, he remarried to Anne Dashwood (1743–1830), daughter of Sir James Dashwood, 2nd Baronet, on 13 June 1764. Together, John and Anne were the parents of sixteen children:[1]
- Lady Catherine Stewart (1765–1836), who married Sir James Graham, 1st Baronet in 1781.
- Hon. Alexander Stewart (1766–1766), who died in infancy.
- Lady Susan Stewart (1767–1841), who married George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough in 1791.
- Adm. George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway (1768–1834), a naval commander and politician.
- Lady Anne Harriet Stewart (1769–1850), who married Lord Spencer Chichester in 1795[11]
- Lady Elizabeth Euphemia Stewart (1771–1855), who married William Philips Inge in 1798.
- Hon. Leveson Keith Stewart (1772–1780), who died young.
- Lady Georgiana Frances Stewart (1776–1804).
- Lt.-Gen. Hon. Sir William Stewart (1774–1827), a military officer who was the first Commanding Officer of the Rifle Corps, a Division Commander in the Peninsular War, and an MP.
- Rt. Rev. Hon. Charles James Stewart (1775–1837), who became the Bishop of Quebec.
- Lady Charlotte Stewart (1777–1842), who married Sir Edward Crofton, 3rd Baronet in 1801.
- Lady Caroline Stewart (1778–1818), who married Rev. Hon. George Rushout-Bowles in 1803; mother of George Rushout, 3rd Baron Northwick.[12]
- Hon. Montgomery Granville John Stewart (1780–1860).
- Hon. Edward Richard Stewart (1782–1851), an MP who became a Commissioner of the Victualling Board[13] and Paymaster and Inspector-General of the Marines.[14]
- Lt.-Col. James Henry Keith Stewart (1783–1836), who became a Tory Member of Parliament.
- Lady Georgiana Charlotte Sophia Stewart (1785–1809), who married Col. Hon. William Bligh (1775-1845), son of John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley, in 1806.
Lord Galloway died on 13 November 1806 and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest surviving son, the Admiral George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway, who married Lady Jane Paget, the daughter of Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge, and sister of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey.[15]
Descendants edit
His grandson, George Spencer-Churchill (1793–1857), was the 6th Duke of Marlborough, and his brother was Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill (1794–1840). Through his grandson, he was the 3x great-grandfather of Winston Churchill.[1]
His grandson, Randolph Stewart (1800–1873), was the 9th Earl of Galloway and served as Lord Lieutenant of Kirkcudbright from 1828 to 1845 and was MP for Cockermouth from 1826 to 1831. He married Lady Harriet Blanche Somerset, daughter of Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort.[1]
His grandson, George Rushout (1811–1887), was the 3rd Baron Northwick and served as MP for Evesham from 1837 to 1841 and MP for Worcestershire East from 1847 to 1859. He married the Hon. Elizabeth Augusta, daughter of William Bateman-Hanbury, 1st Baron Bateman and widow of George Drought Warburton, in 1869.[1]
His granddaughter, Sophia Bligh, married Henry William Parnell (1809-1896) in 1835, the son of Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton, who was a great uncle of Charles Stewart Parnell. Henry W. Parnell's sister, Emma Jane Parnell, was married to Edward Bligh, 5th Earl of Darnley.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). "John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway". www.thepeerage.com. Wilmington, Delaware: Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ a b c "Robert Burns Country: The Burns Encyclopedia: Stewart, John, seventh Earl of Galloway (1736-1806)". www.robertburns.org. The Burns Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ "John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway ('An old encore, at the opera')". npg.org.uk. National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ "John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway ('A Scotch poney, - commonly call'd a Galloway')". npg.org.uk. National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ Jamesboswell.info. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ a b "Galloway, Earl of (S, 1623)". www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Heraldic Media Limited. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ "A gentleman John 7th Earl of Galloway in a twisted gold bordered white coat and waistcoat lace cravat and black stock powdered hair en queue by NathanielHone the Elder". www.artnet.com. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ "Portrait of John Viscount Garlies, Later 7th Earl of Galloway, as Master of Garlies | LACMA Collections". collections.lacma.org. The Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ "Anne Dashwood (1743–1830), Later Countess of Galloway | Joshua Reynolds | 50.238.2 | Work of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art". metmuseum.org. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ "Portrait of Anne Stewart née Dashwood Countess of Galloway 1743-1830 by Angelika Kauffmann". www.artnet.com. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 15.
- ^ L. G. Pine, The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms (London, U.K.: Heraldry Today, 1972), page 208
- ^ Sainty, J. C. (2003). "Commissioners: Victualling 1683-1832 | Institute of Historical Research". www.history.ac.uk. University of London. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ Dodd, Charles R. (1846). THE PEERAGE, BARONETAGE, AND KNIGHTAGE, OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, INCLUDING ALL THE TITLED CLASSES.
- ^ Cracroft-Brennan, Patrick, ed. (2013). "Earl of Galloway". Cracrofts Peerage. Retrieved 12 October 2013.