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Dutch Bengal

January 01, 1970

Bengal was a directorate of the Dutch East India Company in Mughal Bengal between 1610 until the company's liquidation in 1800. It then became a colony of the Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1825, when it was relinquished to the British according to the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. Dutch presence in the region started by the establishment of a trading post at Pipili in the mouth of Subarnarekha River in Odisha. The former colony is part of what is today called Dutch India.[1] Bengal was the source of 50% of the textiles and 80% of the raw silk imported from Asia by the Dutch.[2]

Dutch Bengal
1627–1825
Flag
Coat of arms
Dutch Bengal (in green) within Dutch India
StatusFactory
CapitalPipely (1627–1635)
Hugli-Chuchura (1635–1825)
Common languagesDutch
Director 
• 1655–1658
Pieter Sterthemius
• 1724–1727
Abraham Patras
• 1785–1792
Isaac Titsingh
• 1792–1795
Cornelis van Citters Aarnoutszoon
• 1817–1825
Daniel Anthony Overbeek
Historical eraImperialism
• Establishment of a trading post at Pipely
1627
1825
Preceded by		 Succeeded by

History edit

 
Dutch East India Company factory in Hugli-Chuchura, Bengal. Painting by Hendrik van Schuylenburgh, 1665
 
The Dutch factory in Cossimbazar.
 
The Dutch saltpeter factory in Chhapra.
 
A view of Chinsura from the early 19th century, with the church above the waterfront.
 
The old Dutch church in Hooghly, before the loss of the church tower in a 1864 cyclone.

From 1615 onward, the Dutch East India Company traded in the eastern part of Mughal Province of Bengal, Bihar & Orissa.

In 1627, the first trading post with a factory was established in Pipely Port in the coast of Utkal Plains. The port of Pipely (Pipilipattan in Odia) was situated on the confluence of Subarnarekha river of modern day Balasore district of Odisha.

In 1635, a settlement was established in the proper Bengal at Chinsurah adjacent to Hooghly to trade in opium, salt, muslin, and spices.[3] In 1655, a separate organization, Directorate of Bengal, was created.[4] The factory was walled in 1687 to protect it against attacks and in 1740, during the directorship of Jan Albert Sichterman, rebuilt into a fort with four bastions. The fort was named Fort Gustavus in 1742, after governor-general Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff. Director Sichterman built a church tower in 1742, which was joined by a church building in 1765.[5] Dutch territorial property was confined to Chinsurah and Baranagore, which they received as a gift from the Nawab. It was for all purposes subordinate to the government at Batavia.[6]

Dutch factories were established not only at important centres like Patna, Fatuha, Dacca, and Malda but also at some interior villages like Kagaram, Motipur and Mowgrama.[7]

A famous Frenchman, General Perron who served as military advisor to the Mahrattas, settled in this Dutch colony, and built a large house here.

Trade thrived in Mughal Empire's most developed region Bengal Subah in the early eighteenth century, to such an extent that the administrators of the Dutch East India Company allowed Hooghly-Chinsura in 1734 to trade directly with the Dutch Republic, instead of first delivering their goods to Batavia. The only other Dutch East India Company settlement to have this right was Dutch Ceylon.

Dutch control over Bengal was waning in the face of Anglo-French rivalry in India in the middle of the eighteenth century, and their status in Bengal was reduced to that of a minor power with the British victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. In 1759, the Dutch tried in vain to curb British power in Bengal in the Battle of Chinsurah.

Dutch Bengal was occupied by British forces in 1795, owing to the Kew Letters written by Dutch stadtholder William V, Prince of Orange, to prevent the colony from being occupied by France. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 restored the colony to Dutch rule, but with the desire to divide the Indies into two separate spheres of influence, the Dutch ceded all their establishment on the Indian peninsula to the British with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.

Legacy edit

Fort Gustavus has since been obliterated from the face of Chinsurah, but much of the Dutch heritage remains. These include the Dutch cemetery, the old barracks (now Chinsurah Court), the Governor's residence, General Perron's house, now the Chinsurah College known as Hooghly Mohsin College and the old Factory Building, now the office of the Divisional Commissioner. Hugli-Chinsurah is now the district town of the Hooghly district in modern West Bengal.

Cossimbazar still has a Dutch cemetery. The Dutch cemetery in Karinga near Chhapra features a mausoleum for Jacob van Hoorn, who died in 1712.[8]

The Dutch church of Chinsurah was demolished in 1988 by the West Bengal Public Works Department.[9] The memorial tablets of deceased Dutch people, which used to be displayed in the church, were donated by the bishop of Calcutta to the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam in 1949.[10]

Trading posts edit

 
 
Hugli-Chuchura
 
←Patna
 
Cossimbazar
 
Rajshahi→
 
Dhaka→
 
Murshidabad
 
Pipely
 
Balasore
class=notpageimage|
Map of the main trading posts of Dutch Bengal (Note: Patna and Dhaka slightly out of position)

Dutch settlements in Bengal include:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ De VOC site - Bengalen 6 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Prakash, Om (2006). "Empire, Mughal". In McCusker, John J. (ed.). History of World Trade Since 1450. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 237–240. ISBN 0-02-866070-6. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  3. ^ . www.dutchcemeterybengal.com. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  4. ^ Datta, Kalikinkar (1948). The Dutch in Bengal and Bihar, 1740-1825 A.D. University of Patna. p. 2.
  5. ^ De Jong, Dick (14 March 2014). "Nearly fifteen years VOC service in Bengal: Jan Albert Sichterman" (PDF). Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  6. ^ Datta, Kalikinkar (1948). The Dutch in Bengal and Bihar, 1740-1825 A.D. University of Patna. p. 4.
  7. ^ Datta, Kalikinkar (1948). The Dutch in Bengal and Bihar, 1740-1825 A.D. University of Patna. pp. 1–2.
  8. ^ Bauke van der Pol - Chhapra: Holland on the Ganges - The Lost Tomb
  9. ^ Majumdar, Diptosh (11 October 1988). "PWD vandals destroy historic church". Calcutta Times. Kolkata. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  10. ^ The Dutch in India & Chinsurah by Dr Oeendrila Lahiri, p. 16

Further reading edit

  • Lequin, Frank. (1982). Het personeel van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie in Azie in de achttiende eeuw, meer in het bijzonder in de vestiging Bengalen (The staff of the Dutch East India Company in Asia in the eighteenth century, in particular the establishment in Bengal). Thesis (Ph. D.), University of Leiden. ISBN 9789090000947; OCLC 13375077

External links edit

  • Dutch in Chinsurah
  • Dutch Cemetery Bengal, Chinsurah 9 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine

January 01, 1970
dutch, bengal, some, this, article, listed, sources, reliable, please, help, improve, this, article, looking, better, more, reliable, sources, unreliable, citations, challenged, removed, april, 2012, learn, when, remove, this, message, bengal, directorate, dut. Some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable Please help improve this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed April 2012 Learn how and when to remove this message Bengal was a directorate of the Dutch East India Company in Mughal Bengal between 1610 until the company s liquidation in 1800 It then became a colony of the Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1825 when it was relinquished to the British according to the Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1824 Dutch presence in the region started by the establishment of a trading post at Pipili in the mouth of Subarnarekha River in Odisha The former colony is part of what is today called Dutch India 1 Bengal was the source of 50 of the textiles and 80 of the raw silk imported from Asia by the Dutch 2 Dutch Bengal1627 1825Flag Coat of armsDutch Bengal in green within Dutch IndiaStatusFactoryCapitalPipely 1627 1635 Hugli Chuchura 1635 1825 Common languagesDutchDirector 1655 1658Pieter Sterthemius 1724 1727Abraham Patras 1785 1792Isaac Titsingh 1792 1795Cornelis van Citters Aarnoutszoon 1817 1825Daniel Anthony OverbeekHistorical eraImperialism Establishment of a trading post at Pipely1627 Anglo Dutch Treaty of 18241825Preceded by Succeeded by Portuguese India British India Contents 1 History 2 Legacy 3 Trading posts 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksHistory edit nbsp Dutch East India Company factory in Hugli Chuchura Bengal Painting by Hendrik van Schuylenburgh 1665 nbsp The Dutch factory in Cossimbazar nbsp The Dutch saltpeter factory in Chhapra nbsp A view of Chinsura from the early 19th century with the church above the waterfront nbsp The old Dutch church in Hooghly before the loss of the church tower in a 1864 cyclone From 1615 onward the Dutch East India Company traded in the eastern part of Mughal Province of Bengal Bihar amp Orissa In 1627 the first trading post with a factory was established in Pipely Port in the coast of Utkal Plains The port of Pipely Pipilipattan in Odia was situated on the confluence of Subarnarekha river of modern day Balasore district of Odisha In 1635 a settlement was established in the proper Bengal at Chinsurah adjacent to Hooghly to trade in opium salt muslin and spices 3 In 1655 a separate organization Directorate of Bengal was created 4 The factory was walled in 1687 to protect it against attacks and in 1740 during the directorship of Jan Albert Sichterman rebuilt into a fort with four bastions The fort was named Fort Gustavus in 1742 after governor general Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff Director Sichterman built a church tower in 1742 which was joined by a church building in 1765 5 Dutch territorial property was confined to Chinsurah and Baranagore which they received as a gift from the Nawab It was for all purposes subordinate to the government at Batavia 6 Dutch factories were established not only at important centres like Patna Fatuha Dacca and Malda but also at some interior villages like Kagaram Motipur and Mowgrama 7 A famous Frenchman General Perron who served as military advisor to the Mahrattas settled in this Dutch colony and built a large house here Trade thrived in Mughal Empire s most developed region Bengal Subah in the early eighteenth century to such an extent that the administrators of the Dutch East India Company allowed Hooghly Chinsura in 1734 to trade directly with the Dutch Republic instead of first delivering their goods to Batavia The only other Dutch East India Company settlement to have this right was Dutch Ceylon Dutch control over Bengal was waning in the face of Anglo French rivalry in India in the middle of the eighteenth century and their status in Bengal was reduced to that of a minor power with the British victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 In 1759 the Dutch tried in vain to curb British power in Bengal in the Battle of Chinsurah Dutch Bengal was occupied by British forces in 1795 owing to the Kew Letters written by Dutch stadtholder William V Prince of Orange to prevent the colony from being occupied by France The Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1814 restored the colony to Dutch rule but with the desire to divide the Indies into two separate spheres of influence the Dutch ceded all their establishment on the Indian peninsula to the British with the Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1824 Legacy editFort Gustavus has since been obliterated from the face of Chinsurah but much of the Dutch heritage remains These include the Dutch cemetery the old barracks now Chinsurah Court the Governor s residence General Perron s house now the Chinsurah College known as Hooghly Mohsin College and the old Factory Building now the office of the Divisional Commissioner Hugli Chinsurah is now the district town of the Hooghly district in modern West Bengal Cossimbazar still has a Dutch cemetery The Dutch cemetery in Karinga near Chhapra features a mausoleum for Jacob van Hoorn who died in 1712 8 The Dutch church of Chinsurah was demolished in 1988 by the West Bengal Public Works Department 9 The memorial tablets of deceased Dutch people which used to be displayed in the church were donated by the bishop of Calcutta to the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam in 1949 10 Trading posts edit nbsp nbsp Hugli Chuchura nbsp Patna nbsp Cossimbazar nbsp Rajshahi nbsp Dhaka nbsp Murshidabad nbsp Pipely nbsp Balasoreclass notpageimage Map of the main trading posts of Dutch Bengal Note Patna and Dhaka slightly out of position Dutch settlements in Bengal include Dutch settlement in Rajshahi In Chhapra was a saltpeter factory 1666 1781 seized by British Baleswar or Balasore 1675 Patna 1638 1645 1651 1651 1781 seized by British Cossimbazar or Kassamabazar Malda Mirzapur in Bardhaman West Bengal Baliapal or Pipeli the main port for the Dutch between 1627 1635 Murshidabad 1710 1759 Rajmahal Dhaka 1665 SherpurSee also editDutch Coromandel Dutch Malabar Dutch CeylonReferences edit De VOC site Bengalen Archived 6 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine Prakash Om 2006 Empire Mughal In McCusker John J ed History of World Trade Since 1450 Vol 1 Macmillan Reference USA pp 237 240 ISBN 0 02 866070 6 Retrieved 3 August 2017 The Dutch Cemetery in Chinsurah www dutchcemeterybengal com Archived from the original on 9 April 2019 Retrieved 21 April 2017 Datta Kalikinkar 1948 The Dutch in Bengal and Bihar 1740 1825 A D University of Patna p 2 De Jong Dick 14 March 2014 Nearly fifteen years VOC service in Bengal Jan Albert Sichterman PDF Retrieved 22 September 2020 Datta Kalikinkar 1948 The Dutch in Bengal and Bihar 1740 1825 A D University of Patna p 4 Datta Kalikinkar 1948 The Dutch in Bengal and Bihar 1740 1825 A D University of Patna pp 1 2 Bauke van der Pol Chhapra Holland on the Ganges The Lost Tomb Majumdar Diptosh 11 October 1988 PWD vandals destroy historic church Calcutta Times Kolkata Retrieved 22 September 2020 The Dutch in India amp Chinsurah by Dr Oeendrila Lahiri p 16Further reading editLequin Frank 1982 Het personeel van de Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie in Azie in de achttiende eeuw meer in het bijzonder in de vestiging Bengalen The staff of the Dutch East India Company in Asia in the eighteenth century in particular the establishment in Bengal Thesis Ph D University of Leiden ISBN 9789090000947 OCLC 13375077External links editDutch in Chinsurah Dutch Cemetery Bengal Chinsurah Archived 9 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dutch Bengal amp oldid 1209181305, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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