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Dunfermline

January 25, 2023

This article is about the city in Scotland. For other uses, see Dunfermline (disambiguation).

Dunfermline (/dʌnˈfɜːrmlɪn/ (listen); Scots: Dunfaurlin, Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phàrlain) is a city,[a] parish and former Royal Burgh, in Fife, Scotland, on high ground 3 miles (5 km) from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth. The city currently has an estimated population of 58,508. According to the National Records of Scotland, the Greater Dunfermline area has a population of 76,210.

Dunfermline
City[a] and former Royal burgh

Top: Dunfermline skyline. Middle left: Dunfermline High Street. Middle right: Dunfermline City Chambers. Bottom left- Carnegie Trust HQ Building, Pittencrieff Park. Bottom: Italian Garden, Pittencrieff Park.
Dunfermline
Location within Fife
Area7.07 sq mi (18.3 km2)
Population58,508 (mid-2020 est.)[6]
• Density1,498/sq mi (578/km2)
LanguageEnglish, Scots
OS grid referenceNT105875
• Edinburgh13 mi (21 km)
• London343 mi (552 km)
Council area
Lieutenancy area
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townDUNFERMLINE
Postcode districtKY11, KY12
Dialling code01383
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament
List of places
UK
Scotland
56°04′19″N 3°26′21″W / 56.07192°N 3.43930°W / 56.07192; -3.43930Coordinates: 56°04′19″N 3°26′21″W / 56.07192°N 3.43930°W / 56.07192; -3.43930

The earliest known settlements in the area around Dunfermline probably date as far back as the Neolithic period. The area was not regionally significant until at least the Bronze Age. The town was first recorded in the 11th century, with the marriage of Malcolm III, King of Scots, and Saint Margaret at the church in Dunfermline. As his Queen consort, Margaret established a new church dedicated to the Holy Trinity, which evolved into an Abbey under their son, David I in 1128. During the reign of Alexander I, the church – later to be known as Dunfermline Abbey – was firmly established as a prosperous royal mausoleum for the Scottish Crown. A total of eighteen royals, including seven Kings, were buried here from Queen Margaret in 1093 to Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany in 1420. Robert the Bruce, otherwise known as Robert I, became the last of the seven Scottish Kings to be buried in 1329. His bones would eventually be re-discovered and re-buried in 1821, when the excavation of the grounds of what had formerly been the eastern section of the Abbey became the site for the new Abbey Church.

The city is a major service centre for west Fife. Dunfermline retains much of its historic significance, as well as providing facilities for leisure. Employment is focused in the service sector, with the largest employer being Sky UK. Other large employers in the area include Amazon (on-line retailer), Best Western (hotels), CR Smith (windows manufacturing), FMC Technologies (offshore energy), Lloyds and Nationwide (both financial services).[7]

As part of the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours, it was announced on 20 May 2022 that Dunfermline would be awarded city status. It would be formally awarded the status through Letters Patent later in 2022.[8][9]

History

Main article: History of Dunfermline
 
Remains of Malcolm Canmore's Tower

Early history

There have been various interpretations of the name, "Dunfermline".[10] The first element, "dun" translated from Gaelic, has been accepted as a (fortified) hill, and is assumed to be referring to the rocky outcrop at the site of Malcolm Canmore's Tower in Pittencrieff Glen (now Pittencrieff Park).[11] The rest of the name is problematic.[11] The second element, "the ferm" may have been an alternative name for the Tower Burn according to a medieval record published in 1455 which, together with the Lyne Burn to the south, suggests the site of a fortification between these two watercourses.[10][11]

The first record of a settlement in the Dunfermline area was in the Neolithic period. This evidence includes finds of a stone axe, some flint arrowheads and a carved stone ball near the town.[12][13] A cropmark which is understood to have been used as a possible mortuary enclosure has been found at Deanpark House, also near the town. By the time of the Bronze Age, the area was beginning to show some importance. Important finds included a bronze axe in Wellwood and a gold torc from the Parish Churchyard.[12] Cist burials from the Bronze Age have also been discovered at both Crossford and Masterton, the latter of which contains a pair of armlets, a bronze dagger and a set necklace believed to have complemented a double burial.[12][14]

The first historic record for Dunfermline was made in the 11th century.[15] According to the fourteenth-century chronicler, John of Fordun, Malcolm III married his second bride, the Anglo-Hungarian princess Saint Margaret, at the church in Dunfermline between 1068 and 1070;[16] the ceremony was performed by Fothad, the last Celtic bishop of St Andrews.[15][17] Malcolm III established Dunfermline as a new seat for royal power in the mid-11th century and initiated changes that eventually made the township the de facto capital of Scotland for much of the period until the assassination of James I in 1437.[18] Following her marriage to King Malcolm III, Queen Margaret encouraged her husband to convert the small culdee chapel into a church for Benedictine monks.[18] The existing culdee church was no longer able to meet the demand for its growing congregation because of a large increase in the population of Dunfermline from the arrival of English nobility coming into Scotland.[19] The founding of this new church of Dunfermline was inaugurated around 1072, but was not recorded in the town's records.[19]

Capital of Scotland

 
Engraving of Dunfermline Abbey and Mill by James Fittler in Scotia Depicta

King David I of Scotland (reigned 1124–53) would later grant this church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, to "unam mansuram in burgo meo de Dunfermlyn" which translates into "a house or dwelling place in my burgh of Dunfermline".[15][20] The foundations of the church evolved into an Abbey in 1128, under the reign of their son, David I.[18][21] Dunfermline Abbey would play a major role in the general romanisation of religion throughout the kingdom. At the peak of its power the abbey controlled four burghs, three courts of regality and a large portfolio of lands from Moray in the north down into Berwickshire.[18] From the time of Alexander I (reign 1104–28), the Abbey would also become firmly established as a prosperous royal mausoleum of the Scottish Crown.[22] A total of eighteen royals, including seven Kings, were buried here from Queen Margaret in 1093 to Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany in 1420.[23] During the fight for Scottish Independence from English rule, between 1296 and 1329, Robert The Bruce had insisted as early as 1314, he wanted to be buried in the royal mausoleum in Dunfermline. This was so he could maintain the legacy of previous Scottish Kings interred here, referring to them as our ‘predecessors’.[24] Robert The Bruce (reigned 1306–29) would ultimately become the last of the seven Scottish Kings to be given this honour in 1329, although his heart was taken to Melrose Abbey.[24]

Dunfermline had become a burgh between 1124 and 1127, if not before this time.[15][20] Dunfermline Palace was also connected to the abbey and the first known documentation of the Auld Alliance was signed there on 23 October 1295.

Although the second son of King James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Prince Charles (later Charles I) was born in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, on 19 November 1600, the Union of the Crowns ended the town's royal connections when James VI relocated the Scottish Court to London in 1603.[25] King Charles thus became the last monarch to be born in Scotland. The Reformation of 1560 had previously meant a loss of the Dunfermline's ecclesiastical importance. David Ferguson was the town's first reformed minister. On 25 May 1624, a fire engulfed around three-quarters of the medieval-renaissance burgh.[25][26] Some of the surviving buildings of the fire were the palace, the abbey and the Abbot's House.[18][27]

Recent history

 
Erskine Beveridge company offices, now converted into flats

The decline in the fortunes of Dunfermline lasted until the introduction of a linen industry in the early 18th century.[28] One reason for which the town became a centre for linen was there was enough water to power the mills and nearby ports along the Fife Coast. These ports also did trade with the Baltic and Low Countries.[28] Another reason was through an act of industrial espionage in 1709 by a weaver known as James Blake who gained access to the workshops of a damask linen factory in Edinburgh by pretending to act like a simpleton in order to find out and memorise the formula.[28][29] On his return to his home town in 1718, Blake established a damask linen industry in the town.[28] The largest of these factories was St Leonard's Mill which was established by Erskine Beveridge in 1851. A warehouse and office block was later added around 1869. Other linen factories were built on land to both the north and south ends of the burgh.[30] During the mid-19th century, power loom weaving started to replace linen damask. The latter did not survive, going into decline straight after the end of First World War.[27] In 1909 the Royal Navy established Scotland's only Royal Naval Dockyard at nearby Rosyth. Post-war housing began in the late 1940s with the construction of temporary prefabs and Swedish timber houses around areas such as Kingseat and Townhill. Additional provisions were made for electricity, water and sewage systems. Council housing was focused towards Abbeyview, on a 97-hectare (240-acre) site on Aberdour Road; Touch, to the south of Garvock Hill; Bellyeoman and Baldridgeburn. Private housing became focused to the north of Garvock Hill and on the site of West Pitcorthie Farm.[31]

Dunfermline has experienced significant expansion since 1999, especially in an expansion corridor on the eastern side of the town. This growth has edged the population centre towards the town's boundary with the M90 road corridor; it is planned to continue until 2022. Major developments include the creation of the Duloch and Masterton neighbourhoods with over 6,000 homes, three new primary schools, new community infrastructure, employment land and the Fife Leisure Park. With the expansion there has been a dramatic rise in the town's population; more than 20% over a 15-year period. Fife Council have begun drafting plans for an expansion of a similar scale on Dunfermline's south-west,[32] west and north sides,[33] which will see the creation of 4,000 homes, a new high school and three new primary schools in the first phase.[34]

Today, Dunfermline is the main centre for the West Fife area, and is also considered to be a dormitory town for Edinburgh.[27][35][36] The town has shopping facilities, a major public park, a main college campus at Halbeath and an-out-of-town leisure park with a multiplex cinema and a number of restaurants. The online retailer Amazon.com has opened a major distribution centre in the Duloch Park area of Dunfermline.

Governance

Dunfermline attained royal burgh status until this was abolished in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 in favour of a three-tier regions and districts. The royal burgh merged into Dunfermline District, which was one of three districts within the Fife region serving the town and West Fife from Kincardine to Aberdour.[37] The district council was abolished in 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994,[38] when the region became a unitary council area. The new unitary Fife Council adopted the areas of the former districts as council management areas, and created area committees to represent each.

Today, Dunfermline is represented by several tiers of elected government. Abbeyview, Bellyeoman, Carnock and Gowkhall, Central Dunfermline, Izatt Avenue & Nethertown and Touch and Garvock Community Councils form the lowest tier of governance, whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government.[39] Fife Council, the unitary local authority for Dunfermline, are the executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance.[40] Dunfermline has retained some importance as an administrative centre with the council's principal west Fife office based at New City House. Councillor meetings, including the City of Dunfermline Area Committee, take place in the Dunfermline City Chambers.

Dunfermline forms part of the county constituency of Dunfermline and West Fife. The Dunfermline and West Fife UK (or Westminster) constituency, created in 2005 when the previous seats Dunfermline East and Dunfermline West were abolished, elects a Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first-past-the-post system. The seat is currently held by Douglas Chapman MP for the Scottish National Party.[41] For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament, Dunfermline forms part of the Dunfermline constituency. The Dunfermline Scottish Parliament (or Holyrood) constituency created in 2011, following a review of Scottish Parliament constituency boundaries is one of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region.[42] Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first-past-the-post system of election. The seat was won at 2016 Scottish Parliament elections by Shirley-Anne Somerville of the Scottish National Party.[43][44]

Prior to Brexit in 2020, Dunfermline was part of the pan-Scotland European Parliament constituency which elected seven Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.[45]

Geography

Dunfermline is at 56°04′17″N 3°27′42″W / 56.07139°N 3.46167°W / 56.07139; -3.46167 on the coastal fringe of Fife.[10] The medieval town rose from approximately 51 metres (167 ft) above sea level in the south, where Nethertown Broad Street can now be found; 69 to 67 metres (226 to 220 ft) west to east along what is now Priory Lane; to 90 to 101 metres (295 to 331 ft) up the High Street, from west to east; to 92 to 105 metres (302 to 344 ft) between Bruce Street and Queen Anne Street from south to north.[20][46]

 
Panorama of Dunfermline seen from the town's Duloch neighbourhood in the east

Temperatures in Dunfermline, much like the rest of Scotland, are relatively moderate given its northern latitude. Fife is a peninsula, between the Firth of Tay to the north, Firth of Forth to the south and the North Sea to the east. Summers are relatively cool and the warming of the water over the summer, results in warm winters. Average annual temperatures in Dunfermline range from a maximum of 18 °C (64 °F) to a minimum of 9 °C (48 °F).[47]

The town is geologically separated from the area to the north by the Cleish Hills.

Demography

Dunfermline compared according to UK Census 2011[48]
Dunfermline Fife Scotland
Total population 49,706 365,198 5,295,403
Percentage Scottish identity only 62.1% 63.8% 62.4%
Over 75 years old 6.2% 7.9% 7.7%
Unemployed 5% 4% 4.8%

According to the 2001 census, Dunfermline had a total population of 39,229 representing 11.2% of Fife's total population.[49] According to the 2011 Census, the population of Dunfermline had risen considerably to 49,706 and has again increased up to 50,380 in 2012.[50][51] There are 21,620 households in Dunfermline, 70.7% of which were owned.[48] The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (23.7%).[49] The total population in the Dunfermline area was estimated at 55,451 in 2016, with a projected increase of 29% expected by 2026.[52] The number of households in the Dunfermline area in 2016 was recorded at 24,607; 77% of which were owner occupied, 18% social rented and 4% private rented. 30.6% of people live alone and 10.9% are in low income. The median weekly income is calculated at £363 for the area.[52]

Recent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) figures indicate that the most deprived datazone in Dunfermline is Abbeyview North which is ranked as being one of the 5% most deprived areas in Scotland. The Headwell, Touch and Woodmill areas in Dunfermline fall within the 5–10% banding. Baldridgeburn, Brucefield and Halbeath areas are identified as being within the 10–15%, 15–20% banding of most deprived communities in Scotland.[53]

At June 2017 there was a recorded 539 Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) claimants in the Dunfermline area representing a 1.4% rate which was lower than the Fife and Scottish averages.[54]

Economy

Further information: The mineral railways of Dunfermline
 
Former Pilmuir Works textile mill
Dunfermline Industry Employed compared according to UK Census 2011[48][55]
Dunfermline Area Fife Scotland
Area Committee[56] Total Population (2011) 54,712 366,910 5,327,700
All Persons 16–74 in Employment (2011) 26,919 167,326 2,516,895
% Primary Industry Employment (2011) 1.1% 2.4% 3.3%
% Manufacturing Employment (2011) 8.3% 10.0% 7.7%
% Utilities Employment (2011) 1.5% 1.4% 1.6%
% Construction Employment (2011) 6.9% 8.2% 8.0%
% Wholesale, Retail & Transport Employed (2011) 17.8% 18.6% 19.9%
% Accommodation and Food Employed (2011) 5.0% 5.6% 6.3%
% ICT Employed (2011) 4.8% 3.0% 2.7%
% Finance & Professional Employed (2011) 25.5% 19.1% 20.1%
% Public sector Employed (2011) 7.4% 7.8% 7.0%
% Education & Health Employed (2011) 21.5% 23.8% 23.4%

From about the fifteenth century coal and limestone had been extracted in the area around Dunfermline, at first on a very small and localised scale. As the agricultural revolution gathered pace the demand for lime (for improving land) increased the requirement for coal to burn it. Salt panning too required coal in large quantities, and the early outcrops near the Firth of Forth became exhausted, forcing the extraction to take place further inland. Many of the sites were within the present day limits of Dunfermline.

The increasing distance of the pits from the Forth made transport of the minerals an issue, and Dunfermline was a pioneer in the construction of wooden waggonways for the purpose. By the eighteenth century a complex network had developed, and in time many of the lines were converted to railways: the Halbeath Railway, the Fordell Railway, the Elgin Railway and the Townhill Tramway being the most prominent. They generally ran from north to south, still conveying the mineral to the harbours at Charlestown, Limekilns, Inverkeithing and St David's. From 1848 more modern railways entered Dunfermline, at first on a west to east axis, intersecting the mineral lines. In time the latter were converted to make through running on to the main line network possible.

During the industrial revolution and victorian period industry in Dunfermline was concentrated to the north of the town centre around Pilmuir Street and to the south along sections of the Lynn Burn at Elgin and Bothwell Streets with textiles being particularly important to the town's economy. After the end of the Second World War traditional industries, particularly linen and coal mining, declined and eventually became obsolete in the town with many factories ceasing production. Manufacturing in the town rejuvenated by the early 1960s when Monotype Corporation opened a new factory on Halbeath Road.[57] The completion of the Pitreavie Industrial Estate (now known as the Pitreavie Business Park) opened in the mid-1970s, following the arrival of Philips and the re-location of the offices of the Dunfermline Press. Smaller industrial estates were focused on Elgin Street, Halbeath Drive and Primrose Lane.[57]

The Dunfermline area has Fife's largest concentration of employment providing approximately 26,600 jobs in 2009;[58] approximately 16% of the 163,000 jobs in Fife.[59] Wholesale and Retail (over 18% of local jobs) Health and Social Work (over 15% of local jobs) and Information and Communication (over 10% of local jobs) are the predominant sectors in the local economy.[60] There are also moderate instances of employment in finance, manufacturing, food services and accommodation.[61]

 
Sky Office and Contact Centre

Key local employers include Best Western (hotels), Sky UK (home entertainment and communications), CR Smith (windows manufacturing), FMC Technologies (offshore energy), Lloyds and Nationwide (both financial services).[7] In November 2011 online retailer Amazon.com opened a 93,000 m2 (1,000,000 sq ft) fulfilment warehouse in the east of the town adjacent to the M90 motorway. This development has created over 750 jobs and is the company's largest warehouse in the UK.[62][63] The Newcastle based, Shepherd Offshore Group also plan to erect a renewables hub near the Halbeath Interchange, off the M90 on a 6-hectare (15-acre) former Hyundai/Motorola 'white elephant' factory.[64][65] The demolition of the factory began in early 2011 with an expected date for completion at the end of the year. A masterplan is being created for the site identifying significant investment and development opportunities with the potential to create a substantial number of new jobs.[64][66]

 
Kingsgate Shopping Centre

Dunfermline is the principal shopping centre serving the western area of Fife and is the region's second largest town centre by floorspace.[67] Retailing accounts for 18% of the total number of jobs in the town.[61] A BID (Business Improvement District) scheme for the town centre has been in operation since 2009.[58][68] The majority of shops and retail services in Dunfermline are concentrated in the town centre along a high street. The Kingsgate Shopping Centre is located on the pedestrianised section of the High Street giving Dunfermline a mix of modern and traditional shops.[69][70] A major extension of the Kingsgate Shopping Centre was completed in 2008 improving and expanding the retail offer in the town by attracting a major department store brand and range of other smaller retailers.[69][70] Other retail areas in Dunfermline exist at Carnegie Drive Retail Park to the north of the town centre and Halbeath Retail Park to the east of the town.[58] A large neighbourhood centre with one of the towns major supermarkets was also built as part of the eastern expansion area of Dunfermline. The Fife Leisure Park, constructed in 1999 is adjacent to the M90 at Halbeath on the eastern outskirts of Dunfermline. The leisure park has a large cinema, a health club, bowling alley and a number of restaurants.[71]

Landmarks and notable buildings

 
Dunfermline Palace and Abbey

The Category A listed[72] Dunfermline Abbey on the Kirkgate is one of the best examples of Scoto-Norman monastic architecture.[73] The Abbey, built between 1128 and 1150 under David I, was a reconstruction of the Benedictine chapel dedicated to the Holy Trinity, founded by his mother, Queen Margaret.[21][74] Despite much of the monastic buildings being destroyed by the troops of Edward I in 1303, there are substantial remains, with the lower stories of the dormitory and latrine blocks on the east side of the cloister being the earliest surviving parts, dating back to the early 13th century.[21][75] The Abbey parish church, designed by the architect William Burn, was built between 1818 and 1821 on the site of the medieval choir and transepts which had been the eastern part of the abbey.[21][76]

The main Dunfermline War Memorial on Monastery Street was unveiled by the Lord Lieutenant of Fife, Sir Ralph Anstruther, in 1925. A Second World War Memorial and garden of remembrance were added in 1958 on a site assumed to have been home to the Apiaries of the Monastery. The memorial lists 632 of those killed in the First World War and another 275 in the Second World War.[77]

To the north of the abbey, on the corner of Maygate and Abbot Street, is the Category A listed[78] Abbot House.[79] This is the oldest secular building still standing in Dunfermline.[80][81] The house was originally built in the mid-fifteenth century as a residence for Abbot Richard Bothwell and this role continued until Commendator George Durie left to move into new apartments at the Palace in 1540.[79][82] Along Abbot Street is the Category B listed[83] Dunfermline Carnegie Library which was built between 1881 and 1883.[84][85] This library was the first in the world to be funded via donations by steel magnate and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. A total of 2,811 free public libraries were eventually built altogether.[84] At the top of Moodie Street is the Category B listed[86] handloom weavers' cottage, the birthplace of Andrew Carnegie, which dates from the early 18th century.[87][88] An adjacent memorial hall was added to the birthplace in 1928.[89] Just off East Port between Carnegie Hall and the High Street is Viewfield House, a large square stone Palladian three storey villa, built in about 1808 for James Blackwood, Provost of Dunfermline, and now a listed building. It served as home to the Carnegie Trust's Craft School from 1920 to 1940.[90][91]

 
Abbot House (rear view)

The Category A listed[92] Guildhall on the High Street was erected in 1807 by the guilds of the local merchants who were ambitious for Dunfermline to become the county town of Fife.[80] Lack of funds forced the building to be sold, but in 1811 funds were available to add the 40-metre-high (130 ft) steeple.[80] At the west end of the High Street is the Category A listed[93] City Chambers with its 36-metre-high (118 ft) high central clock tower and turrets, designed by James Campbell Walker and built between 1876 and 1879 .[94]

In the car park between Bruce Street and Chambers Street is St Margaret's Cave, a place where she would retreat to pray in peace and quiet.[94] The cave was re-opened in 1993 to celebrate the 900th anniversary of her death.[94][95] Forming the main entrance to Pittencrieff Park at the junction of Bridge Street and Chalmers Street are the Category A listed[96] Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates, otherwise known as the Glen Gates.[97][98] The gates, which opened in 1929, were paid for by the Dunfermline Carnegie Trust and named after Louise Carnegie, the wife of Andrew Carnegie.[99] They lead up a path to a bronze statue of Andrew Carnegie which was unveiled in 1914.[94][99]

 
Pittencrieff House Museum

In the subsequent development of the modern park, the Category A listed[100] Pittencrieff House, built around 1610 for Sir William Clerk of Penicuik, was designed as a centre piece.[101][102] Two of the bedrooms were converted to create two long galleries for museum and art exhibition space in a restoration programme undertaken by Sir Robert Lorimer between 1911 and 1913.[101] Work on the building was completed in 2010 to repair and reharl the property, restoring the original ochre-coloured limewash exterior. The project was funded through the £1.7 million Dunfermline Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme (CARS) under a partnership between Fife Council and Historic Scotland.[103]

A number of stately homes also exist on the outskirts of the town. The Category A listed[104] Pitfirrane Castle, to the west of Dunfermline, was once the seat of the Halkett family.[105][106] The castle, which dates from the 16th century, was purchased by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust in 1951 for the use as a clubhouse for Dunfermline Golf Club.[106] To the south of Dunfermline is the Category A listed Hill House[107] and Pitreavie Castle.[108] Both dating from the mid-17th century, Hill House was built as a residence for William Monteith of Randford and Pitreavie Castle as a manor house by Sir Hendry Wardlaw.[109][110] To the south-west of Dunfermline is the Category A listed[111] Logie House, built as an Edwardian residence and seat for the Hunt family.[112]

Further Carnegie funded buildings include the Carnegie Leisure Centre, designed by Hippolyte Blanc in 1905, and the Carnegie Clinic by H & D Barclay from 1909 to 1912.[113]

Culture

 
Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates, leading into Pittencrieff Park

Pittencrieff Park forms the western boundary of the town centre covering 31 hectares (76 acres). It was given to the people of Dunfermline in 1903 by Andrew Carnegie.[99][114] The park is known locally as the Glen and was created from the estate of Pittencrieff and the lands of the house, owned by the Lairds of Pittencrieff.[99][114] A £1.4 million project to regenerate, restore and re-establish the park began in 2009 and is ongoing.[115][116] In December 2011 Pittencrieff Park was awarded £710,000 through the Heritage Lottery Fund's Parks for People programme for essential maintenance work. A previous award of £27,000 was made under this scheme in 2010.[115] The work included the restoration of historic buildings and bridges; new lighting and the refurbishment of the greenhouse to create a classroom.[117][118] A separate £1 million project finished in 2012, extending the Glen Pavilion to provide a new 120 seat cafe and linking corridor to the rear of the building.[117][119]

The Bruce Festival is an annual attraction held in Pittencrieff Park every August.[120][121] The festival which promotes Robert The Bruce's links to Dunfermline centres on a medieval village and is home to a food fayre, battle reenactments and displays of arts and crafts.[120][122]

The Andrew Carnegie birthplace museum at the corner of Moodie Street and Priory Lane is dedicated to the well-known businessman and philanthropist.[123][124] The museum is made up of two buildings; the weaver's cottage, his birthplace and the memorial hall which tells his life story.[124] Annual heritage walks organised by the museum take place each summer.[123] The Abbot House on Maygate is the oldest building in the town.

In 2017, Dunfermline Carnegie Library & Galleries opened, an extension of the former Carnegie library building.[125][126] This provides the town with museum, art gallery, archive, library, cafe and garden spaces.[126] Funders included Fife Council (£6.8 million) and the Heritage Lottery Fund (£2.8 million).[125] The building has won architectural awards: EAA Building of the Year and Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland's (RIAS) Andrew Doolan prize.[127]

Dunfermline has two theatres, Carnegie Hall on East Port and the Alhambra on Canmore Street. Carnegie Hall hosts a range of theatrical and musical productions including an annual Christmas show. The Music Institute, adjacent to the Hall also provides workshops, classes and children's groups.[128] The Alhambra, which opened in 1922, originally served as a dual-purpose role hosting both theatrical productions and films. In 2008, the theatre re-opened as a theatre and live music venue.[129] Since 1938, Dunfermline has also been home to the 'Kinema Ballroom' a ballroom/dancehall which has evolved into a famous live music performance venue and nightclub which has hosted many internationally acclaimed artists.[130] Local groups include the Dunfermline Folk Club, Dunfermline Abbey Choir and Dunfermline district pipe band. The venue is now a world buffet restaurant.

Dunfermline Fire Station, a category B listed building,[131] is an arts venue, cafe and studio space.[132]

Sports

 
East End Park, the home stadium of Dunfermline Athletic F.C.

Dunfermline is home to a professional football team, as well as rugby and cricket teams.[133] The senior football team, Dunfermline Athletic play their games at East End Park in the Scottish Championship.[134] The team have become famous for winning the Scottish Cup twice in the 1960s (1961 and 1968) gaining a reputation as a side for competitive football in both England and mainland Europe.[133] The senior rugby team, Dunfermline RFC play their games at McKane Park in Caledonia League Division 1.[133][135] Dunfermline Reign are a basketball team that competes in the Scottish Men's National League Division 1. The team reached the playoffs for the first time in 2017. Dunfermline Tennis Club plays at Bothwell Street, competing in East of Scotland and national competitions. The club's ladies team has won the Scottish Cup a record 18 times since 1988.[136]

There is also a cricket club based at Carnegie Cricket Ground, an athletics ground at Pitreavie and three golf courses (Dunfermline, Canmore and Pitreavie).[133] Carnegie Leisure Centre (originally Carnegie swimming baths) is the main sports centre. A £17.2 million major refurbishment and extension to the centre was completed in November 2011. The work has included the conversion of a 25-yard (23 m) Edwardian training pool into a modern 25-metre 6-lane deck-level pool with movable floor; an improved entrance and reception area with a new cafe and a new state-of-the-art gym with 80 stations.[137]

The Dunfermline Kings are the town's American football team, playing their games at Duloch Park.

The town's competitive running clubs include Dunfermline Track and Field Club, Pitreavie AAC and PH Racing Club. There are also a number of local jogging groups.

Dunfermline Cycling Club located in the towns Pittencrieff Park was formed in 1935 and is now one of the largest cycling clubs in Scotland. It has members who take part in competition and recreational events.[138]

Education

See also: List of schools in Dunfermline

Dunfermline has four secondary schools and fourteen primary schools.[139][140] Other educational facilities include a private school and Calaiswood ASN School for children with learning difficulties and complex health needs. Dunfermline High School is the oldest secondary in the town, having originated in 1816 on what is now Queen Anne Street.[141] The school which serves both the southern and western parts of the town as well as Rosyth and Kincardine has occupied a site on St Leonard's Street since 1939.[142][143] A new £40 million Dunfermline High School opened in August 2012.[144][145] The old school was demolished, allowing new playing fields for the school in 2013.[145] Queen Anne High School is located in Wellwood towards the northwest area of the town. Woodmill High School, originally a junior secondary, was upgraded to a High School in 1972.[146] The school was first established in Priory Lane before moving to a new building on Shields Road in 1960 and serves the eastern side of the town as well as the villages of Crombie, Limekilns and North Queensferry.[146][147] St Columba's High, which opened in 1969 is one of two Roman Catholic secondary schools in Fife. The school caters for pupils living in West Fife from Kincardine in the west to Cowdenbeath in the east.[146]

Further education is provided by Fife College. It was founded as Lauder Technical School in 1899 and funded by Andrew Carnegie who named it after his uncle, George Lauder who had been a campaigner for free technical education.[148] A textile school, founded in 1910 and also funded by Carnegie later merged with the technical school in 1927.[148] The school became known as a technical college in 1951 and the name was then shortened to Lauder College in the late 20th century before becoming Carnegie College in 2007.[148][149] In 2013 Carnegie became part of Fife College. It is a partner of the Dunfermline Business Centre and provides courses catering to over 10,000 students annually.[146][150]

Public services

Waste management is handled by the local authority, Fife Council. There is a kerbside recycling scheme in operation in the town. A four-bin collection is in place for the majority of residents living within Fife.[151] Dunfermline has one recycling centre and several recycling points, all operated by the local authority, Fife Council.[152][153] Non-hazardous waste is sent to landfill at Lochhead, near the town and Lower Melville Wood, near Ladybank.[154]

Healthcare is supplied by NHS Fife who have their headquarters at Hayfield House in Kirkcaldy. The main acute in-patient and accident & emergency services are provided by the Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, 13 miles (21 km) to the east. The Queen Margaret Hospital provides some long-stay beds but is primarily for out-patient and day care services with a minor injuries unit.

Statutory emergency fire and rescue service in the town is provided by the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service. The nearest station is at the Pitreavie Industrial Estate.[155] Policing in Dunfermline is provided by Police Scotland. The headquarters of the Dunfermline area is on 2 Holyrood Place, close to the town centre.[156] Dunfermline is also served under the East Central Region which covers Tayside, Forth Valley and the Kingdom of Fife of the Scottish Ambulance Service.[157] There are two ambulance stations in the town; one on Keir Hardie Terrace and the other at the Queen Margaret Hospital on Whitefield Road.[158]

Provosts of Dunfermline

  • 1877 to 1883: James Walls
  • 1891 to 1894: James Walls
  • 1918 to 1924: Sir James Norval
  • 1936: "Provost Mackay"

Transport

Dunfermline is served by the A907 which meets the M90 and A92 to the east of the town at Halbeath Interchange. This connects the town to Perth to the north, Edinburgh to the south and Kirkcaldy to the east. The main routes through the town are Halbeath Road and Carnegie Drive (A907) from east to west.[159]

The main bus terminus is located on a site to the north of the town centre which provides seating, toilets and a cafe.[160] In addition to this, there are also two Park and Ride schemes nearby at Ferrytoll, to the south of Inverkeithing, and Halbeath. There are plans to create a "park and choose" site at Rosyth.[161] There was formerly a second bus station, called St. Margarets. It is now a car park.[162]

Two railway stations serve the town – Dunfermline City to the south of the town centre and Dunfermline Queen Margaret to the east of the town close to Queen Margaret Hospital,[163][164] with a third proposed to serve Halbeath Park and Ride.[165][166] Nearby stations also exist at Rosyth, Inverkeithing and Dalgety Bay to the south of the town.

The nearest major international airport to Dunfermline is Edinburgh Airport, 13 miles (21 km) south of Dunfermline. Smaller municipal airports are also located nearby at Glenrothes (18 miles [29 km]), Cumbernauld (25 miles [40 km]) and Perth (26 miles [42 km]).

Notable people

 
Display in the Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum

Dunfermline's most famous son is the entrepreneur and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, who was born in the town in 1835. Among the gifts he gave to his home town are a free library and public swimming baths. Most important of all was the donation of the Pittencrieff Estate which he had purchased in 1903 to be converted into Pittencrieff Park. George Lauder, Andrew's "cousin-brother", a leading mechanical engineer, and his partner in the Carnegie Steel Company who would go on to be a board member of U.S. Steel. In 1888, two Dunfermline men, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the US by setting up a hole in an orchard, before Reid set up America's first golf club the same year, St. Andrews Golf Club in Yonkers, New York, with Andrew Carnegie one of the first members.[167]

A number of British monarchs were born in Dunfermline Palace. These include David II of Scotland (reign 1329–71), the son of Robert The Bruce in 1324;[168] James I of Scotland (reign 1406–37) in late 1394[169] and Charles I, King of Scotland, England and Ireland (reign 1625–49) in 1600.[170][171] James VI and I, the King of Scotland, England and Ireland and his wife, Anne of Denmark, the daughter of Frederick II of Denmark also lived at the Palace until the Union of the Crowns in 1603.[172]

The 15th-century poet Robert Henryson, one of Scotland's most important literary figures during the period of the Northern Renaissance, was based in the town.[173]

General John Forbes, who fought the French in the French and Indian War to capture Fort Duquesne and established the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, was brought up in his family's ancestral home of Pittencrieff House (now within Pittencrieff Park).[174][175]

Sir John Struthers, who dissected and drew the Tay Whale, was an anatomist and professor of medicine. He was born and brought up in Brucefield House, now demolished, which gives its name to a district of Dunfermline.[176] The artist Sir Joseph Noel Paton was also born in the town.[177]

Ebenezer Henderson (1784–1858), a minister and missionary, was born at the Linn near Dunfermline. His nephew Ebenezer Henderson (1809–1879), a science writer and historian born in Dunfermline, wrote The Annals of Dunfermline.

In popular culture, the singer Barbara Dickson;[178] actor Kenneth Cranham;[179] Dan McCafferty[180] and Pete Agnew from the Scottish rock band Nazareth;[181] Ian Anderson, singer and flautist of the progressive rock band Jethro Tull[182] and Moira Shearer, ballerina and actress[183] were all born in the town. Manny Charlton the producer of Nazareth emigrated to the town with his family in the 1940s[184] and Stuart Adamson, rock guitarist with the Skids and frontman with Big Country, was brought up in nearby Crossgates[185] and moved into the town with his family as a teenager. Film director – and former Skids frontman – Richard Jobson, who grew up in nearby Ballingry, went to school in Dunfermline and during the early part of the Skids' career lived, for a time, in the Pitcorthie area. Big Country's co-founder Bruce Watson, though born in Timmins, Ontario, was also brought up in the town, a few streets away from Pete Agnew and Manny Charlton. Alan Darby, of Cado Belle, also grew up in the town and attended Dunfermline High School.

In literature, the critically acclaimed author, Iain Banks; poet and novelist, John Burnside and Robert Gilfillan all have links to the town.

In sport, Harry Lind of Dunfermline RFC who was capped sixteen times for the Scotland national rugby team and Jim Greenwood who played for Dunfermline RFC, Scotland and British and Irish Lions come from the town. Billy Liddell who played his entire career with Liverpool F.C. was born in nearby Townhill.[186]

Twin cities

 
Street sign in the Rua de Dunfermline in the twin town of Albufeira, Portugal

Dunfermline is twinned with:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b On 20 May 2022, it was announced that as part of the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours, Dunfermline would receive city status.[1] The Letters Patent was granted on 3 October 2022.[2]

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  189. ^ . Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
  190. ^ "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2013.

Bibliography

  • Brown, Michael (2000). James I (Stewart Dynasty in Scotland). Tuckwell Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1-86232-105-2.
  • Cavendish, Richard (2007). Kings & Queens: The Concise Guide. David & Charles. ISBN 978-0-7153-2376-2.
  • Dennison, Patricia; Stronach, Simon (2007). Historic Dunfermline: Archeology and Development. Dunfermline Burgh Survey, Community Project. ISBN 978-0-9557-2440-4.
  • Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects (DHCP) (2009). Your Guide to Dunfermline. Levenmouth Printers Ltd. ASIN B002RHBZBC.
  • Dunlop, Eileen (2005). Queen Margaret of Scotland. NSME. ISBN 978-1-901663-92-1.
  • Durie, Bruce (2010). Dunfermline: Britain in Old Photographs. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-5573-0.
  • Fawcett, Richard (2005). Royal Dunfermline. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. ISBN 978-0-9039-0334-9.
  • Fawcett, Richard (1996). Medieval Abbeys and Churches in Fife. Fife Regional Council. ISBN 978-1-872162-07-2.
  • Hendrie, William F. (2002). Old Dunfermline. Stenlake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84033-194-3.
  • Lamont-Brown, Raymond (2002). Fife in History and Legend. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-0-85976-567-1.
  • McEwan, Bert (2009). Dunfermline: The Post-War Years (2nd ed.). Breedon Books. ISBN 978-1-85983-407-7.
  • MacKay, James (1997). Little Boss: Life of Andrew Carnegie. Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85158-832-9.
  • Omand, Donald (2000). The Fife Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN 978-1-84158-274-0.
  • Pearson, John (2000). Around Dunfermline (2nd ed.). John Pearson. ISBN 978-1-90065-103-5.
  • Pride, Glen L. (1999). The Kingdom of Fife (2nd ed.). ISBN 978-1-873190-49-4.
  • Taylor, Simon; Márkus, Gilbert (2006). The Place-Names of Fife, Volume One. Donington: Shaun Tyas. ISBN 978-1-900289-77-1.

External links

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dunfermline.
  • Visit Dunfermline – the official, trademarked tourism portal for Dunfermline
  • Dunfermline Photo Gallery – Dunfermline Photo Gallery
  • Dunfermline Music Scene Website, dedicated to Dunfermline Music
  • The Annals of Dunfermline 1096–1745
  • – a guide to Dunfermline
  • Dunfermline online website – Dunfermline on the web since 1996
  • Early Carnegie Libraries – featuring the world's first Carnegie Library in Dunfermline
  • National Library of Scotland: Scottish Screen Archive (selection of archive films about Dunfermline)
  • Engraving of Dunfermline in 1693 by John Slezer at National Library of Scotland
  • Video footage of Wallace's Well in Pittencrieff Glen.
  • Video footage of Dunfermline City railway station

January 25, 2023
dunfermline, this, article, about, city, scotland, other, uses, disambiguation, ɜːr, listen, scots, dunfaurlin, scottish, gaelic, dùn, phàrlain, city, parish, former, royal, burgh, fife, scotland, high, ground, miles, from, northern, shore, firth, forth, city,. This article is about the city in Scotland For other uses see Dunfermline disambiguation Dunfermline d ʌ n ˈ f ɜːr m l ɪ n listen Scots Dunfaurlin Scottish Gaelic Dun Pharlain is a city a parish and former Royal Burgh in Fife Scotland on high ground 3 miles 5 km from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth The city currently has an estimated population of 58 508 According to the National Records of Scotland the Greater Dunfermline area has a population of 76 210 DunfermlineScottish Gaelic Dun Pharlain 3 Scots Dunfaurlin 4 Auld Grey Toun 5 City a and former Royal burghTop Dunfermline skyline Middle left Dunfermline High Street Middle right Dunfermline City Chambers Bottom left Carnegie Trust HQ Building Pittencrieff Park Bottom Italian Garden Pittencrieff Park DunfermlineLocation within FifeArea7 07 sq mi 18 3 km2 Population58 508 mid 2020 est 6 Density1 498 sq mi 578 km2 LanguageEnglish ScotsOS grid referenceNT105875 Edinburgh13 mi 21 km London343 mi 552 km Council areaFifeLieutenancy areaFifeCountryScotlandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townDUNFERMLINEPostcode districtKY11 KY12Dialling code01383PoliceScotlandFireScottishAmbulanceScottishUK ParliamentDunfermline and West FifeScottish ParliamentDunfermlineList of places UK Scotland 56 04 19 N 3 26 21 W 56 07192 N 3 43930 W 56 07192 3 43930 Coordinates 56 04 19 N 3 26 21 W 56 07192 N 3 43930 W 56 07192 3 43930The earliest known settlements in the area around Dunfermline probably date as far back as the Neolithic period The area was not regionally significant until at least the Bronze Age The town was first recorded in the 11th century with the marriage of Malcolm III King of Scots and Saint Margaret at the church in Dunfermline As his Queen consort Margaret established a new church dedicated to the Holy Trinity which evolved into an Abbey under their son David I in 1128 During the reign of Alexander I the church later to be known as Dunfermline Abbey was firmly established as a prosperous royal mausoleum for the Scottish Crown A total of eighteen royals including seven Kings were buried here from Queen Margaret in 1093 to Robert Stewart Duke of Albany in 1420 Robert the Bruce otherwise known as Robert I became the last of the seven Scottish Kings to be buried in 1329 His bones would eventually be re discovered and re buried in 1821 when the excavation of the grounds of what had formerly been the eastern section of the Abbey became the site for the new Abbey Church The city is a major service centre for west Fife Dunfermline retains much of its historic significance as well as providing facilities for leisure Employment is focused in the service sector with the largest employer being Sky UK Other large employers in the area include Amazon on line retailer Best Western hotels CR Smith windows manufacturing FMC Technologies offshore energy Lloyds and Nationwide both financial services 7 As part of the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours it was announced on 20 May 2022 that Dunfermline would be awarded city status It would be formally awarded the status through Letters Patent later in 2022 8 9 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history 1 2 Capital of Scotland 1 3 Recent history 2 Governance 3 Geography 4 Demography 5 Economy 6 Landmarks and notable buildings 7 Culture 8 Sports 9 Education 10 Public services 11 Provosts of Dunfermline 12 Transport 13 Notable people 14 Twin cities 15 See also 15 1 Notes 16 References 16 1 Bibliography 17 External linksHistoryMain article History of Dunfermline Remains of Malcolm Canmore s Tower Early history There have been various interpretations of the name Dunfermline 10 The first element dun translated from Gaelic has been accepted as a fortified hill and is assumed to be referring to the rocky outcrop at the site of Malcolm Canmore s Tower in Pittencrieff Glen now Pittencrieff Park 11 The rest of the name is problematic 11 The second element the ferm may have been an alternative name for the Tower Burn according to a medieval record published in 1455 which together with the Lyne Burn to the south suggests the site of a fortification between these two watercourses 10 11 The first record of a settlement in the Dunfermline area was in the Neolithic period This evidence includes finds of a stone axe some flint arrowheads and a carved stone ball near the town 12 13 A cropmark which is understood to have been used as a possible mortuary enclosure has been found at Deanpark House also near the town By the time of the Bronze Age the area was beginning to show some importance Important finds included a bronze axe in Wellwood and a gold torc from the Parish Churchyard 12 Cist burials from the Bronze Age have also been discovered at both Crossford and Masterton the latter of which contains a pair of armlets a bronze dagger and a set necklace believed to have complemented a double burial 12 14 The first historic record for Dunfermline was made in the 11th century 15 According to the fourteenth century chronicler John of Fordun Malcolm III married his second bride the Anglo Hungarian princess Saint Margaret at the church in Dunfermline between 1068 and 1070 16 the ceremony was performed by Fothad the last Celtic bishop of St Andrews 15 17 Malcolm III established Dunfermline as a new seat for royal power in the mid 11th century and initiated changes that eventually made the township the de facto capital of Scotland for much of the period until the assassination of James I in 1437 18 Following her marriage to King Malcolm III Queen Margaret encouraged her husband to convert the small culdee chapel into a church for Benedictine monks 18 The existing culdee church was no longer able to meet the demand for its growing congregation because of a large increase in the population of Dunfermline from the arrival of English nobility coming into Scotland 19 The founding of this new church of Dunfermline was inaugurated around 1072 but was not recorded in the town s records 19 Capital of Scotland Engraving of Dunfermline Abbey and Mill by James Fittler in Scotia Depicta King David I of Scotland reigned 1124 53 would later grant this church dedicated to the Holy Trinity to unam mansuram in burgo meo de Dunfermlyn which translates into a house or dwelling place in my burgh of Dunfermline 15 20 The foundations of the church evolved into an Abbey in 1128 under the reign of their son David I 18 21 Dunfermline Abbey would play a major role in the general romanisation of religion throughout the kingdom At the peak of its power the abbey controlled four burghs three courts of regality and a large portfolio of lands from Moray in the north down into Berwickshire 18 From the time of Alexander I reign 1104 28 the Abbey would also become firmly established as a prosperous royal mausoleum of the Scottish Crown 22 A total of eighteen royals including seven Kings were buried here from Queen Margaret in 1093 to Robert Stewart Duke of Albany in 1420 23 During the fight for Scottish Independence from English rule between 1296 and 1329 Robert The Bruce had insisted as early as 1314 he wanted to be buried in the royal mausoleum in Dunfermline This was so he could maintain the legacy of previous Scottish Kings interred here referring to them as our predecessors 24 Robert The Bruce reigned 1306 29 would ultimately become the last of the seven Scottish Kings to be given this honour in 1329 although his heart was taken to Melrose Abbey 24 Dunfermline had become a burgh between 1124 and 1127 if not before this time 15 20 Dunfermline Palace was also connected to the abbey and the first known documentation of the Auld Alliance was signed there on 23 October 1295 Although the second son of King James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark Prince Charles later Charles I was born in Dunfermline Palace Fife on 19 November 1600 the Union of the Crowns ended the town s royal connections when James VI relocated the Scottish Court to London in 1603 25 King Charles thus became the last monarch to be born in Scotland The Reformation of 1560 had previously meant a loss of the Dunfermline s ecclesiastical importance David Ferguson was the town s first reformed minister On 25 May 1624 a fire engulfed around three quarters of the medieval renaissance burgh 25 26 Some of the surviving buildings of the fire were the palace the abbey and the Abbot s House 18 27 Recent history Erskine Beveridge company offices now converted into flats The decline in the fortunes of Dunfermline lasted until the introduction of a linen industry in the early 18th century 28 One reason for which the town became a centre for linen was there was enough water to power the mills and nearby ports along the Fife Coast These ports also did trade with the Baltic and Low Countries 28 Another reason was through an act of industrial espionage in 1709 by a weaver known as James Blake who gained access to the workshops of a damask linen factory in Edinburgh by pretending to act like a simpleton in order to find out and memorise the formula 28 29 On his return to his home town in 1718 Blake established a damask linen industry in the town 28 The largest of these factories was St Leonard s Mill which was established by Erskine Beveridge in 1851 A warehouse and office block was later added around 1869 Other linen factories were built on land to both the north and south ends of the burgh 30 During the mid 19th century power loom weaving started to replace linen damask The latter did not survive going into decline straight after the end of First World War 27 In 1909 the Royal Navy established Scotland s only Royal Naval Dockyard at nearby Rosyth Post war housing began in the late 1940s with the construction of temporary prefabs and Swedish timber houses around areas such as Kingseat and Townhill Additional provisions were made for electricity water and sewage systems Council housing was focused towards Abbeyview on a 97 hectare 240 acre site on Aberdour Road Touch to the south of Garvock Hill Bellyeoman and Baldridgeburn Private housing became focused to the north of Garvock Hill and on the site of West Pitcorthie Farm 31 Dunfermline has experienced significant expansion since 1999 especially in an expansion corridor on the eastern side of the town This growth has edged the population centre towards the town s boundary with the M90 road corridor it is planned to continue until 2022 Major developments include the creation of the Duloch and Masterton neighbourhoods with over 6 000 homes three new primary schools new community infrastructure employment land and the Fife Leisure Park With the expansion there has been a dramatic rise in the town s population more than 20 over a 15 year period Fife Council have begun drafting plans for an expansion of a similar scale on Dunfermline s south west 32 west and north sides 33 which will see the creation of 4 000 homes a new high school and three new primary schools in the first phase 34 Today Dunfermline is the main centre for the West Fife area and is also considered to be a dormitory town for Edinburgh 27 35 36 The town has shopping facilities a major public park a main college campus at Halbeath and an out of town leisure park with a multiplex cinema and a number of restaurants The online retailer Amazon com has opened a major distribution centre in the Duloch Park area of Dunfermline Governance Dunfermline City Chambers Dunfermline attained royal burgh status until this was abolished in 1975 under the Local Government Scotland Act 1973 in favour of a three tier regions and districts The royal burgh merged into Dunfermline District which was one of three districts within the Fife region serving the town and West Fife from Kincardine to Aberdour 37 The district council was abolished in 1996 under the Local Government etc Scotland Act 1994 38 when the region became a unitary council area The new unitary Fife Council adopted the areas of the former districts as council management areas and created area committees to represent each Today Dunfermline is represented by several tiers of elected government Abbeyview Bellyeoman Carnock and Gowkhall Central Dunfermline Izatt Avenue amp Nethertown and Touch and Garvock Community Councils form the lowest tier of governance whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government 39 Fife Council the unitary local authority for Dunfermline are the executive deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance 40 Dunfermline has retained some importance as an administrative centre with the council s principal west Fife office based at New City House Councillor meetings including the City of Dunfermline Area Committee take place in the Dunfermline City Chambers Dunfermline forms part of the county constituency of Dunfermline and West Fife The Dunfermline and West Fife UK or Westminster constituency created in 2005 when the previous seats Dunfermline East and Dunfermline West were abolished elects a Member of Parliament MP to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system The seat is currently held by Douglas Chapman MP for the Scottish National Party 41 For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament Dunfermline forms part of the Dunfermline constituency The Dunfermline Scottish Parliament or Holyrood constituency created in 2011 following a review of Scottish Parliament constituency boundaries is one of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region 42 Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament MSP by the first past the post system of election The seat was won at 2016 Scottish Parliament elections by Shirley Anne Somerville of the Scottish National Party 43 44 Prior to Brexit in 2020 Dunfermline was part of the pan Scotland European Parliament constituency which elected seven Members of the European Parliament MEPs using the d Hondt method of party list proportional representation 45 GeographyDunfermline is at 56 04 17 N 3 27 42 W 56 07139 N 3 46167 W 56 07139 3 46167 on the coastal fringe of Fife 10 The medieval town rose from approximately 51 metres 167 ft above sea level in the south where Nethertown Broad Street can now be found 69 to 67 metres 226 to 220 ft west to east along what is now Priory Lane to 90 to 101 metres 295 to 331 ft up the High Street from west to east to 92 to 105 metres 302 to 344 ft between Bruce Street and Queen Anne Street from south to north 20 46 Panorama of Dunfermline seen from the town s Duloch neighbourhood in the east Temperatures in Dunfermline much like the rest of Scotland are relatively moderate given its northern latitude Fife is a peninsula between the Firth of Tay to the north Firth of Forth to the south and the North Sea to the east Summers are relatively cool and the warming of the water over the summer results in warm winters Average annual temperatures in Dunfermline range from a maximum of 18 C 64 F to a minimum of 9 C 48 F 47 The town is geologically separated from the area to the north by the Cleish Hills DemographyDunfermline compared according to UK Census 2011 48 Dunfermline Fife ScotlandTotal population 49 706 365 198 5 295 403Percentage Scottish identity only 62 1 63 8 62 4 Over 75 years old 6 2 7 9 7 7 Unemployed 5 4 4 8 According to the 2001 census Dunfermline had a total population of 39 229 representing 11 2 of Fife s total population 49 According to the 2011 Census the population of Dunfermline had risen considerably to 49 706 and has again increased up to 50 380 in 2012 50 51 There are 21 620 households in Dunfermline 70 7 of which were owned 48 The demographic make up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population 23 7 49 The total population in the Dunfermline area was estimated at 55 451 in 2016 with a projected increase of 29 expected by 2026 52 The number of households in the Dunfermline area in 2016 was recorded at 24 607 77 of which were owner occupied 18 social rented and 4 private rented 30 6 of people live alone and 10 9 are in low income The median weekly income is calculated at 363 for the area 52 Recent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation SIMD figures indicate that the most deprived datazone in Dunfermline is Abbeyview North which is ranked as being one of the 5 most deprived areas in Scotland The Headwell Touch and Woodmill areas in Dunfermline fall within the 5 10 banding Baldridgeburn Brucefield and Halbeath areas are identified as being within the 10 15 15 20 banding of most deprived communities in Scotland 53 At June 2017 there was a recorded 539 Jobseekers Allowance JSA claimants in the Dunfermline area representing a 1 4 rate which was lower than the Fife and Scottish averages 54 EconomyFurther information The mineral railways of Dunfermline Former Pilmuir Works textile mill Dunfermline Industry Employed compared according to UK Census 2011 48 55 Dunfermline Area Fife ScotlandArea Committee 56 Total Population 2011 54 712 366 910 5 327 700All Persons 16 74 in Employment 2011 26 919 167 326 2 516 895 Primary Industry Employment 2011 1 1 2 4 3 3 Manufacturing Employment 2011 8 3 10 0 7 7 Utilities Employment 2011 1 5 1 4 1 6 Construction Employment 2011 6 9 8 2 8 0 Wholesale Retail amp Transport Employed 2011 17 8 18 6 19 9 Accommodation and Food Employed 2011 5 0 5 6 6 3 ICT Employed 2011 4 8 3 0 2 7 Finance amp Professional Employed 2011 25 5 19 1 20 1 Public sector Employed 2011 7 4 7 8 7 0 Education amp Health Employed 2011 21 5 23 8 23 4 From about the fifteenth century coal and limestone had been extracted in the area around Dunfermline at first on a very small and localised scale As the agricultural revolution gathered pace the demand for lime for improving land increased the requirement for coal to burn it Salt panning too required coal in large quantities and the early outcrops near the Firth of Forth became exhausted forcing the extraction to take place further inland Many of the sites were within the present day limits of Dunfermline The increasing distance of the pits from the Forth made transport of the minerals an issue and Dunfermline was a pioneer in the construction of wooden waggonways for the purpose By the eighteenth century a complex network had developed and in time many of the lines were converted to railways the Halbeath Railway the Fordell Railway the Elgin Railway and the Townhill Tramway being the most prominent They generally ran from north to south still conveying the mineral to the harbours at Charlestown Limekilns Inverkeithing and St David s From 1848 more modern railways entered Dunfermline at first on a west to east axis intersecting the mineral lines In time the latter were converted to make through running on to the main line network possible During the industrial revolution and victorian period industry in Dunfermline was concentrated to the north of the town centre around Pilmuir Street and to the south along sections of the Lynn Burn at Elgin and Bothwell Streets with textiles being particularly important to the town s economy After the end of the Second World War traditional industries particularly linen and coal mining declined and eventually became obsolete in the town with many factories ceasing production Manufacturing in the town rejuvenated by the early 1960s when Monotype Corporation opened a new factory on Halbeath Road 57 The completion of the Pitreavie Industrial Estate now known as the Pitreavie Business Park opened in the mid 1970s following the arrival of Philips and the re location of the offices of the Dunfermline Press Smaller industrial estates were focused on Elgin Street Halbeath Drive and Primrose Lane 57 The Dunfermline area has Fife s largest concentration of employment providing approximately 26 600 jobs in 2009 58 approximately 16 of the 163 000 jobs in Fife 59 Wholesale and Retail over 18 of local jobs Health and Social Work over 15 of local jobs and Information and Communication over 10 of local jobs are the predominant sectors in the local economy 60 There are also moderate instances of employment in finance manufacturing food services and accommodation 61 Sky Office and Contact Centre Key local employers include Best Western hotels Sky UK home entertainment and communications CR Smith windows manufacturing FMC Technologies offshore energy Lloyds and Nationwide both financial services 7 In November 2011 online retailer Amazon com opened a 93 000 m2 1 000 000 sq ft fulfilment warehouse in the east of the town adjacent to the M90 motorway This development has created over 750 jobs and is the company s largest warehouse in the UK 62 63 The Newcastle based Shepherd Offshore Group also plan to erect a renewables hub near the Halbeath Interchange off the M90 on a 6 hectare 15 acre former Hyundai Motorola white elephant factory 64 65 The demolition of the factory began in early 2011 with an expected date for completion at the end of the year A masterplan is being created for the site identifying significant investment and development opportunities with the potential to create a substantial number of new jobs 64 66 Kingsgate Shopping Centre Dunfermline is the principal shopping centre serving the western area of Fife and is the region s second largest town centre by floorspace 67 Retailing accounts for 18 of the total number of jobs in the town 61 A BID Business Improvement District scheme for the town centre has been in operation since 2009 58 68 The majority of shops and retail services in Dunfermline are concentrated in the town centre along a high street The Kingsgate Shopping Centre is located on the pedestrianised section of the High Street giving Dunfermline a mix of modern and traditional shops 69 70 A major extension of the Kingsgate Shopping Centre was completed in 2008 improving and expanding the retail offer in the town by attracting a major department store brand and range of other smaller retailers 69 70 Other retail areas in Dunfermline exist at Carnegie Drive Retail Park to the north of the town centre and Halbeath Retail Park to the east of the town 58 A large neighbourhood centre with one of the towns major supermarkets was also built as part of the eastern expansion area of Dunfermline The Fife Leisure Park constructed in 1999 is adjacent to the M90 at Halbeath on the eastern outskirts of Dunfermline The leisure park has a large cinema a health club bowling alley and a number of restaurants 71 Landmarks and notable buildings Dunfermline Palace and Abbey The Category A listed 72 Dunfermline Abbey on the Kirkgate is one of the best examples of Scoto Norman monastic architecture 73 The Abbey built between 1128 and 1150 under David I was a reconstruction of the Benedictine chapel dedicated to the Holy Trinity founded by his mother Queen Margaret 21 74 Despite much of the monastic buildings being destroyed by the troops of Edward I in 1303 there are substantial remains with the lower stories of the dormitory and latrine blocks on the east side of the cloister being the earliest surviving parts dating back to the early 13th century 21 75 The Abbey parish church designed by the architect William Burn was built between 1818 and 1821 on the site of the medieval choir and transepts which had been the eastern part of the abbey 21 76 The main Dunfermline War Memorial on Monastery Street was unveiled by the Lord Lieutenant of Fife Sir Ralph Anstruther in 1925 A Second World War Memorial and garden of remembrance were added in 1958 on a site assumed to have been home to the Apiaries of the Monastery The memorial lists 632 of those killed in the First World War and another 275 in the Second World War 77 To the north of the abbey on the corner of Maygate and Abbot Street is the Category A listed 78 Abbot House 79 This is the oldest secular building still standing in Dunfermline 80 81 The house was originally built in the mid fifteenth century as a residence for Abbot Richard Bothwell and this role continued until Commendator George Durie left to move into new apartments at the Palace in 1540 79 82 Along Abbot Street is the Category B listed 83 Dunfermline Carnegie Library which was built between 1881 and 1883 84 85 This library was the first in the world to be funded via donations by steel magnate and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie A total of 2 811 free public libraries were eventually built altogether 84 At the top of Moodie Street is the Category B listed 86 handloom weavers cottage the birthplace of Andrew Carnegie which dates from the early 18th century 87 88 An adjacent memorial hall was added to the birthplace in 1928 89 Just off East Port between Carnegie Hall and the High Street is Viewfield House a large square stone Palladian three storey villa built in about 1808 for James Blackwood Provost of Dunfermline and now a listed building It served as home to the Carnegie Trust s Craft School from 1920 to 1940 90 91 Abbot House rear view The Category A listed 92 Guildhall on the High Street was erected in 1807 by the guilds of the local merchants who were ambitious for Dunfermline to become the county town of Fife 80 Lack of funds forced the building to be sold but in 1811 funds were available to add the 40 metre high 130 ft steeple 80 At the west end of the High Street is the Category A listed 93 City Chambers with its 36 metre high 118 ft high central clock tower and turrets designed by James Campbell Walker and built between 1876 and 1879 94 In the car park between Bruce Street and Chambers Street is St Margaret s Cave a place where she would retreat to pray in peace and quiet 94 The cave was re opened in 1993 to celebrate the 900th anniversary of her death 94 95 Forming the main entrance to Pittencrieff Park at the junction of Bridge Street and Chalmers Street are the Category A listed 96 Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates otherwise known as the Glen Gates 97 98 The gates which opened in 1929 were paid for by the Dunfermline Carnegie Trust and named after Louise Carnegie the wife of Andrew Carnegie 99 They lead up a path to a bronze statue of Andrew Carnegie which was unveiled in 1914 94 99 Pittencrieff House Museum In the subsequent development of the modern park the Category A listed 100 Pittencrieff House built around 1610 for Sir William Clerk of Penicuik was designed as a centre piece 101 102 Two of the bedrooms were converted to create two long galleries for museum and art exhibition space in a restoration programme undertaken by Sir Robert Lorimer between 1911 and 1913 101 Work on the building was completed in 2010 to repair and reharl the property restoring the original ochre coloured limewash exterior The project was funded through the 1 7 million Dunfermline Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme CARS under a partnership between Fife Council and Historic Scotland 103 A number of stately homes also exist on the outskirts of the town The Category A listed 104 Pitfirrane Castle to the west of Dunfermline was once the seat of the Halkett family 105 106 The castle which dates from the 16th century was purchased by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust in 1951 for the use as a clubhouse for Dunfermline Golf Club 106 To the south of Dunfermline is the Category A listed Hill House 107 and Pitreavie Castle 108 Both dating from the mid 17th century Hill House was built as a residence for William Monteith of Randford and Pitreavie Castle as a manor house by Sir Hendry Wardlaw 109 110 To the south west of Dunfermline is the Category A listed 111 Logie House built as an Edwardian residence and seat for the Hunt family 112 Further Carnegie funded buildings include the Carnegie Leisure Centre designed by Hippolyte Blanc in 1905 and the Carnegie Clinic by H amp D Barclay from 1909 to 1912 113 Culture Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates leading into Pittencrieff Park Pittencrieff Park forms the western boundary of the town centre covering 31 hectares 76 acres It was given to the people of Dunfermline in 1903 by Andrew Carnegie 99 114 The park is known locally as the Glen and was created from the estate of Pittencrieff and the lands of the house owned by the Lairds of Pittencrieff 99 114 A 1 4 million project to regenerate restore and re establish the park began in 2009 and is ongoing 115 116 In December 2011 Pittencrieff Park was awarded 710 000 through the Heritage Lottery Fund s Parks for People programme for essential maintenance work A previous award of 27 000 was made under this scheme in 2010 115 The work included the restoration of historic buildings and bridges new lighting and the refurbishment of the greenhouse to create a classroom 117 118 A separate 1 million project finished in 2012 extending the Glen Pavilion to provide a new 120 seat cafe and linking corridor to the rear of the building 117 119 The Bruce Festival is an annual attraction held in Pittencrieff Park every August 120 121 The festival which promotes Robert The Bruce s links to Dunfermline centres on a medieval village and is home to a food fayre battle reenactments and displays of arts and crafts 120 122 The Andrew Carnegie birthplace museum at the corner of Moodie Street and Priory Lane is dedicated to the well known businessman and philanthropist 123 124 The museum is made up of two buildings the weaver s cottage his birthplace and the memorial hall which tells his life story 124 Annual heritage walks organised by the museum take place each summer 123 The Abbot House on Maygate is the oldest building in the town In 2017 Dunfermline Carnegie Library amp Galleries opened an extension of the former Carnegie library building 125 126 This provides the town with museum art gallery archive library cafe and garden spaces 126 Funders included Fife Council 6 8 million and the Heritage Lottery Fund 2 8 million 125 The building has won architectural awards EAA Building of the Year and Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland s RIAS Andrew Doolan prize 127 Dunfermline has two theatres Carnegie Hall on East Port and the Alhambra on Canmore Street Carnegie Hall hosts a range of theatrical and musical productions including an annual Christmas show The Music Institute adjacent to the Hall also provides workshops classes and children s groups 128 The Alhambra which opened in 1922 originally served as a dual purpose role hosting both theatrical productions and films In 2008 the theatre re opened as a theatre and live music venue 129 Since 1938 Dunfermline has also been home to the Kinema Ballroom a ballroom dancehall which has evolved into a famous live music performance venue and nightclub which has hosted many internationally acclaimed artists 130 Local groups include the Dunfermline Folk Club Dunfermline Abbey Choir and Dunfermline district pipe band The venue is now a world buffet restaurant Dunfermline Fire Station a category B listed building 131 is an arts venue cafe and studio space 132 Sports East End Park the home stadium of Dunfermline Athletic F C Dunfermline is home to a professional football team as well as rugby and cricket teams 133 The senior football team Dunfermline Athletic play their games at East End Park in the Scottish Championship 134 The team have become famous for winning the Scottish Cup twice in the 1960s 1961 and 1968 gaining a reputation as a side for competitive football in both England and mainland Europe 133 The senior rugby team Dunfermline RFC play their games at McKane Park in Caledonia League Division 1 133 135 Dunfermline Reign are a basketball team that competes in the Scottish Men s National League Division 1 The team reached the playoffs for the first time in 2017 Dunfermline Tennis Club plays at Bothwell Street competing in East of Scotland and national competitions The club s ladies team has won the Scottish Cup a record 18 times since 1988 136 There is also a cricket club based at Carnegie Cricket Ground an athletics ground at Pitreavie and three golf courses Dunfermline Canmore and Pitreavie 133 Carnegie Leisure Centre originally Carnegie swimming baths is the main sports centre A 17 2 million major refurbishment and extension to the centre was completed in November 2011 The work has included the conversion of a 25 yard 23 m Edwardian training pool into a modern 25 metre 6 lane deck level pool with movable floor an improved entrance and reception area with a new cafe and a new state of the art gym with 80 stations 137 The Dunfermline Kings are the town s American football team playing their games at Duloch Park The town s competitive running clubs include Dunfermline Track and Field Club Pitreavie AAC and PH Racing Club There are also a number of local jogging groups Dunfermline Cycling Club located in the towns Pittencrieff Park was formed in 1935 and is now one of the largest cycling clubs in Scotland It has members who take part in competition and recreational events 138 EducationSee also List of schools in Dunfermline Dunfermline High School established in 1468 is one of the oldest schools in the world Dunfermline has four secondary schools and fourteen primary schools 139 140 Other educational facilities include a private school and Calaiswood ASN School for children with learning difficulties and complex health needs Dunfermline High School is the oldest secondary in the town having originated in 1816 on what is now Queen Anne Street 141 The school which serves both the southern and western parts of the town as well as Rosyth and Kincardine has occupied a site on St Leonard s Street since 1939 142 143 A new 40 million Dunfermline High School opened in August 2012 144 145 The old school was demolished allowing new playing fields for the school in 2013 145 Queen Anne High School is located in Wellwood towards the northwest area of the town Woodmill High School originally a junior secondary was upgraded to a High School in 1972 146 The school was first established in Priory Lane before moving to a new building on Shields Road in 1960 and serves the eastern side of the town as well as the villages of Crombie Limekilns and North Queensferry 146 147 St Columba s High which opened in 1969 is one of two Roman Catholic secondary schools in Fife The school caters for pupils living in West Fife from Kincardine in the west to Cowdenbeath in the east 146 Further education is provided by Fife College It was founded as Lauder Technical School in 1899 and funded by Andrew Carnegie who named it after his uncle George Lauder who had been a campaigner for free technical education 148 A textile school founded in 1910 and also funded by Carnegie later merged with the technical school in 1927 148 The school became known as a technical college in 1951 and the name was then shortened to Lauder College in the late 20th century before becoming Carnegie College in 2007 148 149 In 2013 Carnegie became part of Fife College It is a partner of the Dunfermline Business Centre and provides courses catering to over 10 000 students annually 146 150 Public servicesWaste management is handled by the local authority Fife Council There is a kerbside recycling scheme in operation in the town A four bin collection is in place for the majority of residents living within Fife 151 Dunfermline has one recycling centre and several recycling points all operated by the local authority Fife Council 152 153 Non hazardous waste is sent to landfill at Lochhead near the town and Lower Melville Wood near Ladybank 154 Healthcare is supplied by NHS Fife who have their headquarters at Hayfield House in Kirkcaldy The main acute in patient and accident amp emergency services are provided by the Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy 13 miles 21 km to the east The Queen Margaret Hospital provides some long stay beds but is primarily for out patient and day care services with a minor injuries unit Statutory emergency fire and rescue service in the town is provided by the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service The nearest station is at the Pitreavie Industrial Estate 155 Policing in Dunfermline is provided by Police Scotland The headquarters of the Dunfermline area is on 2 Holyrood Place close to the town centre 156 Dunfermline is also served under the East Central Region which covers Tayside Forth Valley and the Kingdom of Fife of the Scottish Ambulance Service 157 There are two ambulance stations in the town one on Keir Hardie Terrace and the other at the Queen Margaret Hospital on Whitefield Road 158 Provosts of Dunfermline1877 to 1883 James Walls 1891 to 1894 James Walls 1918 to 1924 Sir James Norval 1936 Provost Mackay Transport Dunfermline City railway station Dunfermline is served by the A907 which meets the M90 and A92 to the east of the town at Halbeath Interchange This connects the town to Perth to the north Edinburgh to the south and Kirkcaldy to the east The main routes through the town are Halbeath Road and Carnegie Drive A907 from east to west 159 The main bus terminus is located on a site to the north of the town centre which provides seating toilets and a cafe 160 In addition to this there are also two Park and Ride schemes nearby at Ferrytoll to the south of Inverkeithing and Halbeath There are plans to create a park and choose site at Rosyth 161 There was formerly a second bus station called St Margarets It is now a car park 162 Two railway stations serve the town Dunfermline City to the south of the town centre and Dunfermline Queen Margaret to the east of the town close to Queen Margaret Hospital 163 164 with a third proposed to serve Halbeath Park and Ride 165 166 Nearby stations also exist at Rosyth Inverkeithing and Dalgety Bay to the south of the town The nearest major international airport to Dunfermline is Edinburgh Airport 13 miles 21 km south of Dunfermline Smaller municipal airports are also located nearby at Glenrothes 18 miles 29 km Cumbernauld 25 miles 40 km and Perth 26 miles 42 km Notable people Display in the Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum Dunfermline s most famous son is the entrepreneur and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie who was born in the town in 1835 Among the gifts he gave to his home town are a free library and public swimming baths Most important of all was the donation of the Pittencrieff Estate which he had purchased in 1903 to be converted into Pittencrieff Park George Lauder Andrew s cousin brother a leading mechanical engineer and his partner in the Carnegie Steel Company who would go on to be a board member of U S Steel In 1888 two Dunfermline men John Reid and Robert Lockhart first demonstrated golf in the US by setting up a hole in an orchard before Reid set up America s first golf club the same year St Andrews Golf Club in Yonkers New York with Andrew Carnegie one of the first members 167 A number of British monarchs were born in Dunfermline Palace These include David II of Scotland reign 1329 71 the son of Robert The Bruce in 1324 168 James I of Scotland reign 1406 37 in late 1394 169 and Charles I King of Scotland England and Ireland reign 1625 49 in 1600 170 171 James VI and I the King of Scotland England and Ireland and his wife Anne of Denmark the daughter of Frederick II of Denmark also lived at the Palace until the Union of the Crowns in 1603 172 The 15th century poet Robert Henryson one of Scotland s most important literary figures during the period of the Northern Renaissance was based in the town 173 General John Forbes who fought the French in the French and Indian War to capture Fort Duquesne and established the city of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania United States was brought up in his family s ancestral home of Pittencrieff House now within Pittencrieff Park 174 175 Sir John Struthers who dissected and drew the Tay Whale was an anatomist and professor of medicine He was born and brought up in Brucefield House now demolished which gives its name to a district of Dunfermline 176 The artist Sir Joseph Noel Paton was also born in the town 177 Ebenezer Henderson 1784 1858 a minister and missionary was born at the Linn near Dunfermline His nephew Ebenezer Henderson 1809 1879 a science writer and historian born in Dunfermline wrote The Annals of Dunfermline In popular culture the singer Barbara Dickson 178 actor Kenneth Cranham 179 Dan McCafferty 180 and Pete Agnew from the Scottish rock band Nazareth 181 Ian Anderson singer and flautist of the progressive rock band Jethro Tull 182 and Moira Shearer ballerina and actress 183 were all born in the town Manny Charlton the producer of Nazareth emigrated to the town with his family in the 1940s 184 and Stuart Adamson rock guitarist with the Skids and frontman with Big Country was brought up in nearby Crossgates 185 and moved into the town with his family as a teenager Film director and former Skids frontman Richard Jobson who grew up in nearby Ballingry went to school in Dunfermline and during the early part of the Skids career lived for a time in the Pitcorthie area Big Country s co founder Bruce Watson though born in Timmins Ontario was also brought up in the town a few streets away from Pete Agnew and Manny Charlton Alan Darby of Cado Belle also grew up in the town and attended Dunfermline High School In literature the critically acclaimed author Iain Banks poet and novelist John Burnside and Robert Gilfillan all have links to the town In sport Harry Lind of Dunfermline RFC who was capped sixteen times for the Scotland national rugby team and Jim Greenwood who played for Dunfermline RFC Scotland and British and Irish Lions come from the town Billy Liddell who played his entire career with Liverpool F C was born in nearby Townhill 186 Ralph Erskine Secession minister John Erskine recipient of the Victoria Cross Ncuti Gatwa actor 187 Alistair Hinton composer David Hunter recipient of the Victoria Cross Shona McIsaac Labour politician 188 Jordan Smith actor Twin cities Street sign in the Rua de Dunfermline in the twin town of Albufeira Portugal Dunfermline is twinned with Logrono Spain since 1990 189 Sarasota Florida U S since 23 August 2001 189 Trondheim Norway since May 1945 190 Wilhelmshaven Germany since 24 August 1979 189 Vichy France since 1990 191 Albufeira Portugal since May 1995 189 See alsoList of listed buildings in Dunfermline Fife Dunfermline Vikings Sir Patrick Spens Wallace s WellNotes a b On 20 May 2022 it was announced that as part of the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours Dunfermline would receive city status 1 The Letters Patent was granted on 3 October 2022 2 References Record number of city status winners announced to celebrate Platinum Jubilee GOV UK Retrieved 21 May 2022 King Charles visits Scotland Dunfermline granted city status heraldscotland com Retrieved 3 October 2022 Mac an Tailleir Ian 2003 Scottish Gaelic Placenames PDF Scottish Parliament p 19 Archived from the original PDF on 17 March 2007 Retrieved 13 April 2011 Scotslanguage com Names in Scots Places in Scotland www scotslanguage com Tours of Scotland Nicknames of Scottish Towns and Cities Archived 10 January 2013 at archive today retrieved on 19 August 2008 Toun is a word in Scots which can refer to any form of settlement from farm estate to burgh or city see headword toun in Scots National Dictionary and the reference occurs most famously in the ballad Sir Patrick Spens The king sits in Dunfermline Toun Drinking the blude reid wine Mid 2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland National Records of Scotland 31 March 2022 Retrieved 31 March 2022 a b Dunfermline Area Economy and Employability 2014 PDF Fife Council February 2014 p 4 Archived from the original PDF on 9 August 2014 Retrieved 8 August 2014 Dunfermline is now officially a city Dunfermline Press 19 May 2022 Retrieved 20 May 2022 Morrow Daniel 20 May 2022 What defines a city and how is it decided as Dunfermline awarded new status Daily Record Retrieved 20 May 2022 a b c Dennison and Stronach Historic Dunfermline pp 3 4 a b c Taylor and Markus The Place Names of Fife Volume One pp 309 310 a b c Dennison and Stronach Historic Dunfermline p 9 Cowie Trevor 1993 A survey of Neolithic pottery of eastern and central Scotland PDF Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 25 Close Brooks Joanna 1971 1972 A Bronze Age cemetery at Aberdour Road Dunfermline Fife PDF Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 104 Retrieved 13 August 2016 a b c d Dennison and Stronach Historic Dunfermline pp 15 16 John of Fordun s Chronicle of the Scottish nation Fordun John of d 1384 Free Download Borrow and Streaming Internet Archive Internet Archive 1872 Dunlop Queen Margaret of Scotland p 44 a b c d e Lamont Brown Fife in History and Legend pp 178 180 a b Henderson The Annals of Dunfermline and Vicinity from the earliest authentic period to the present time 1069 1878 p 17 a b c Fawcett Royal Dunfermline p 2 a b c d Fife Regional Council Medieval Abbeys and Churches in Fife p 16 Fawcett Royal Dunfermline p 139 Fawcett Royal Dunfermline p 150 a b Fawcett Royal Dunfermline p 144 a b Durie Dunfermline Britain in Old Photographs p 17 Dennison and Stronach Historic Dunfermline p 35 a b c Pride Kingdom of Fife pp 8 10 a b c d Pearson Around Dunfermline p 10 Lamont Brown Fife in History and Legend p 186 Simpson The Auld Grey Toun Dunfermline in the time of Andrew Carnegie 1835 1919 p 85 McEwan Dunfermline The Post War Years p87 Dunfermline Stirling Developments Archived from the original on 5 December 2014 Retrieved 27 November 2014 North West Dunfermline PDF I amp H Brown Archived from the original PDF on 5 December 2014 Retrieved 27 November 2014 Dex mark II would be a nightmare Dunfermline Press Archived from the original on 4 December 2014 Retrieved 27 November 2014 Dunfermline Panoramic Earth Virtual Tour Archived from the original on 2 October 2011 Retrieved 25 August 2011 BBC Voices The Voices Recordings Leisure centre workers www bbc co uk McEwan Bert Dunfermline The Post War Years p 16 Local Government etc Scotland Act 1994 Office of Public Sector Information OPSI website OPSI Archived from the original on 1 March 2010 Retrieved 18 April 2011 A list of community councils Fife Council Retrieved 18 April 2011 Reserved and devolved matters Scotland Office Archived from the original on 12 May 2008 Retrieved 18 April 2011 Douglas Chapman MP BBC Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 31 December 2015 Report on the First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament boundaries PDF TSO The Stationery Office May 2010 pp 172 173 Retrieved 22 June 2011 Shirley Ann Somerville MSP for Dunfermline Scottish Parliament Retrieved 22 September 2018 Dunfermline Scottish Parliament Constituency BBC News 2016 Retrieved 22 September 2018 List of MEPs for Scotland European Parliament Retrieved 22 June 2011 Dennison and Stronach Historic Dunfermline p 17 Climatology Averages Records for Dunfermline United Kingdom The Weather Channel UK amp Ireland Retrieved 20 August 2011 a b c Scotland s Census 2011 Dunfermline Locality www scotlandscensus gov uk 2011 Retrieved 11 December 2013 a b Comparative Population Dunfermline Locality Scotland scrol co uk 2001 Archived from the original on 25 July 2009 Retrieved 16 March 2009 Estimated population of localities by broad age groups mid 2012 PDF General Register Office for Scotland 2012 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Scotland s Census 2011 Dunfermline Locality Area Profile www scotlandscensus gov uk 2011 Retrieved 11 December 2013 a b Draft Dunfermline Area Local Strategic Assessment 2016 PDF Fife Council Research Team p 3 Retrieved 11 August 2017 Local Authority Summary SIMD 2012 Fife PDF simd scotland gov uk Retrieved 11 January 2013 Monthly Economic Update June 2017 PDF Fife Economy Partnership July 2016 p 4 Retrieved 11 August 2017 City of Dunfermline Area Committee General Profile knowfife fife gov uk 2014 Retrieved 19 December 2014 City of Dunfermline Area Committee Map PDF Fife Council Archived from the original PDF on 5 January 2015 Retrieved 5 January 2015 a b McEwan Bert Dunfermline The Post War Years p 73 a b c Dunfermline Area Economic Profile PDF Fife Council December 2011 p 15 Archived from the original PDF on 1 November 2013 Retrieved 18 May 2012 Fife Economic Strategy 2013 2023 PDF Fife Economy Partnership October 2013 p 6 Retrieved 30 October 2013 permanent dead link Dunfermline Area Economy and Employability 2014 PDF Fife Council February 2014 p 10 Archived from the original PDF on 9 August 2014 Retrieved 8 August 2014 a b Dunfermline Area Economic Profile PDF Fife Council December 2011 pp 5 6 Archived from the original PDF on 1 November 2013 Retrieved 26 March 2012 McRoberts Ally 13 January 2011 750 jobs coming to Dunfermline as Amazon books in Dunfermline Press Archived from the original on 16 January 2011 Retrieved 13 January 2011 Amazon plans to create 950 jobs Herald Scotland 13 January 2011 a b Fitzpatrick Gary 27 April 2011 New era as demolition starts on old Hyundai factory Dunfermline Press Retrieved 20 April 2011 Halbeath Interchange Fife Shepherd Offshore 27 April 2011 Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 Fitzpatrick Gary 7 October 2011 New jobs on the horizon as Shepherd puts in masterplan Dunfermline Press Retrieved 9 October 2011 Dunfermline Town Centre Fact Sheet PDF Fife Council Retrieved 21 July 2009 Dunfermline Delivers YES vote for city centre Fife Council 19 June 2009 Retrieved 18 May 2012 a b Kingsgate Extension on Schedule for August 2008 Opening Mivan 2008 Archived from the original on 6 April 2012 Retrieved 2 March 2011 a b Kingsgate Shopping Centre Crosslands Property Ltd dpp 2008 Archived from the original on 20 July 2011 Retrieved 2 March 2011 Fife Leisure Park PDF Grosvenor Archived from the original PDF on 23 July 2011 Retrieved 27 April 2011 Dunfermline Abbey Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 23 August 2011 Walker and Ritchie Fife Perthshire and Angus p 129 Fawcett Royal Dunfermline p 89 Lamont Brown Fife in History and Legend p 182 Fawcett 2005 p 59 Carnegie Dunfermline Trust Dunfermline Our Heritage pp 264 265 Abbot House Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 17 February 2011 a b Carnegie Dunfermline Trust Dunfermline Our Heritage p 14 a b c Pearson Around Dunfermline p 19 Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal Excavations at the Abbot s House Dunfermline p 1 Durie Dunfermline Britain in Old Photographs p 24 Dunfermline Carnegie Library Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 17 February 2011 a b Pearson Around Dunfermline p 17 Gifford Buildings of Fife p 188 Andrew Carnegie birthplace Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 17 February 2011 Pearson Around Dunfermline p 13 MacKay Little Boss The Life of Andrew Carnegie p 23 Carnegie Dunfermline Trust Our Heritage p 21 British Listed Buildings Viewfield House Category B Retrieved 9 January 2017 Dunfermline Heritage Roots Education Dunfermline Heritage p 10 Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 9 January 2016 Dunfermline Guiildhall Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 19 February 2011 City Chambers Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 19 February 2011 a b c d Pearson Around Dunfermline p 21 McEwan Dunfermline The Post War Years p 133 Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates Dunfermline Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 7 August 2011 Durie 2009 p 71 Carnegie Dunfermline Trust 1998 p 191 a b c d Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects 2007 pp 18 19 Pittencrieff House Dunfermline Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 7 August 2011 a b Hendrie William F Old Dunfermline p 24 Durie Dunfermline Britain in Old Photographs p 72 Pittencrieff House revealed Fife Council 18 October 2005 Retrieved 7 July 2011 Pitfirrane Castle Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 17 February 2011 Gifford Buildings of Fife p 343 a b Carnegie Dunfermline Trust Our Heritage pp 168 171 Hill House Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 17 February 2011 Pitreavie Castle Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 17 February 2011 Dunfermline Carnegie Trust Our Heritage pp 168 171 Carnegie Dunfermline Trust Our Heritage p 17 Logie House Listed Building Report Historic Scotland Retrieved 17 February 2011 Gifford Buildings of Fife p 315 Carnegie Museum notes a b Pittencrieff Park Dunfermline Fife Council Archived from the original on 18 March 2012 Retrieved 10 July 2011 a b Clark Leeza 10 January 2011 Pittencrieff Park bids for further regeneration funds Dundee The Courier Archived from the original on 13 January 2011 Retrieved 10 July 2011 Pittencrieff Park s regeneration plans revealed Fife Council 10 July 2011 Archived from the original on 18 March 2012 Retrieved 13 January 2011 a b Smith Craig 19 December 2011 Lottery funding boost to upgrade Pittencrieff Park Dundee The Courier p 5 Tidings of Heritage Lottery Fund good cheer for Pittencrieff Park Fife Council 20 December 2011 Archived from the original on 7 April 2014 About the park Fifedirect 22 April 2013 Retrieved 7 September 2016 a b Dunfermline announces a Festival fit for a King The Scotsman Edinburgh 31 May 2011 Retrieved 3 April 2012 Dunfermline Area Economic Profile PDF Fife Council December 2011 p 20 Archived from the original PDF on 1 November 2013 Retrieved 3 June 2012 Lee Siew Peng 2 May 2009 Battle on to keep the city s Bruce Festival Dunfermline Press Archived from the original on 13 January 2015 Retrieved 3 April 2012 a b Hendrie Old Dunfermline p 30 a b Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects 2007 p 11 a b Clark Leeza 28 February 2012 Dunfermline Museum gathers pace Dundee The Courier p 5 a b Cornwell Tim 22 November 2010 Home to Scotland s first kings now 10m museum to be town s new crowning glory The Scotsman Edinburgh Retrieved 22 November 2010 Dunfermline Carnegie Library amp Galleries OnFife Carnegie Hall Overview Arts and Theatres Trust Fife Retrieved 23 November 2011 A Short History of The Alhambra Theatre Dunfermline Alhambra Theatre Retrieved 7 December 2011 KinemaGigz The Whole Story of the Kinema Ballroom in Dunfermline Ghoulz Retrieved 14 June 2013 CARNEGIE DRIVE DUNFERMLINE FIRE STATION LB26042 portal historicenvironment scot Retrieved 20 December 2021 Fife business Fire Station Creative Welcome to Fife View Business Retrieved 20 December 2021 a b c d McEwan Bert Dunfermline The Post War Years p 97 Dunfermline Athletic F C Club Information Scottish Football League Archived from the original on 21 October 2012 Retrieved 22 October 2012 Fixtures amp Results BT Caledonia League Division 1 Scottish Rugby 7 June 2016 Dunfermline Tennis Club s ladies team through to face Newlands in Edinburgh Dunfermline Press 18 June 2016 Retrieved 5 August 2018 Transforming Carnegie Leisure Centre Fife Sports and Leisure Trust Fife Council Archived from the original on 4 September 2011 Retrieved 10 July 2011 Dunfermline Cycling Club dunfermlinecc Retrieved 3 June 2021 A list of all primary schools in Fife Fife Council 7 July 2011 Archived from the original on 3 November 2011 Retrieved 1 September 2011 A list of all secondary schools in Fife Fife Council 7 July 2011 Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 Retrieved 1 September 2011 Henderson The Annals of Dunfermline and Vicinity from the earliest authentic period to the present time 1069 1878 p 588 Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects Your Guide to Dunfermline pp 37 38 Dunfermline High School Inspection HMIE Retrieved 1 April 2010 permanent dead link New Dunfermline High School set to go ahead Fife Council 20 August 2009 Archived from the original on 4 March 2012 Retrieved 31 October 2010 a b Assurances on progress of all region s school projects The Courier 1 October 2010 Archived from the original on 17 December 2010 Retrieved 17 February 2011 a b c d McEwan Dunfermline The Post War Years pp 40 41 Woodmill High School Inspection HMIE 22 January 2008 Archived from the original on 15 March 2012 Retrieved 6 February 2011 a b c Durie Dunfermline Britain in Old Photographs p 74 Lauder College Reshaped Lauder College Archived from the original on 23 March 2010 Retrieved 18 May 2012 About Carnegie College HMIE Archived from the original on 30 August 2009 Retrieved 1 May 2010 Three bin service PDF Fife Council 17 February 2011 permanent dead link Recycling Centre in Dunfermline Fife Council 15 January 2003 Retrieved 27 April 2011 List of Recycling Points in Dunfermline Fife Council Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 Retrieved 27 April 2011 Landfill Sites in Fife Fife Council 27 April 2011 Archived from the original on 18 March 2012 Dunfermline Fire Station Fife Council 24 April 2003 Retrieved 27 April 2011 Community Policing Division Dunfermline Area Fife Constabulary Archived from the original on 28 September 2011 Retrieved 27 April 2011 How we are organised Scottish Ambulance Service Retrieved 27 April 2011 A list of ambulance stations in Scotland isdscotland 2005 Archived from the original on 13 January 2013 Retrieved 27 April 2011 Nicholson Maps Fife Second Edition pp4 7 Dunfermline Bus Station info Fife Council 25 October 2002 Retrieved 28 October 2008 Harris Simon 29 January 2021 6 4m park and choose at Rosyth to become a reality Dunfermline Press Dunfermline Press Retrieved 4 May 2021 Fife no more vanishing depots bus stations and routes Photo Transport Archived from the original on 13 March 2005 Retrieved 28 July 2021 Dunfermline Queen Margaret Railway Station info Fife Council 23 January 2003 Retrieved 28 October 2008 Dunfermline Town Railway Station info Fife Council 23 January 2003 Retrieved 28 October 2008 New rail station for Halbeath Dunfermline Press Dunfermline Press 26 November 2014 Retrieved 4 May 2021 Ryder Gemma 5 February 2019 Authorities urged to get on with Halbeath rail halt Dunfermline Press Dunfermline Press Retrieved 4 May 2021 Ryder Cup Painting celebrates Dunfermline links to American golf BBC Retrieved 30 December 2014 Ashley British Kings and Queens p 161 Brown James I p 9 Cavendish Kings amp Queens The Concise Guide p 322 Ashley British Kings and Queens p 309 Dunfermline celebrates Queen Anne of Denmark The Courier 23 April 2010 Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 Retrieved 26 February 2011 Robert Henryson Homepage www arts gla ac uk Retrieved 8 January 2017 Carnegie Dunfermline Trust Dunfermline Our Heritage p 201 Smith Leeza 23 April 2012 Dunfermline marks links to American hero General John Forbes The Courier p 4 Living in the Past Sir John Struthers 1823 1899 PDF Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects Archived from the original PDF on 29 October 2015 Retrieved 29 September 2012 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help The Quarrel of Oberon and Titania 1849 National Galleries Scotland art nationalgalleries org Retrieved 8 January 2017 Alex Michael Singer Barbara Dickson reveals deep connection with history of Dunfermline in BBC Radio Scotland programme The Courier Retrieved 8 November 2022 He epitomises the cockney geezer and hard man on screen but actor Kenneth Cranham s roots and fondest memories belong to Fife www scotsman com 30 November 2008 Retrieved 8 November 2022 Nazareth singer Dan McCafferty dies aged 76 Dunfermline Press Retrieved 8 November 2022 Larkin Colin 1 January 2009 Nazareth The Encyclopedia of Popular Music Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acref 9780195313734 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 531373 4 Retrieved 8 November 2022 The day Fifer Ian Anderson brought rock band Jethro Tull to Kirkcaldy YMCA www fifetoday co uk 5 April 2021 Retrieved 8 November 2022 Red Shoes ballerina Shearer dies BBC News 1 February 2006 Retrieved 17 February 2011 Manny Charlton obituary the Guardian 19 July 2022 Retrieved 8 November 2022 Rock Star Adamson dies in hotel The Scotsman Edinburgh 17 December 2001 Retrieved 17 February 2011 Glanville Brian 5 July 2011 Billy Liddell The Guardian London Retrieved 17 February 2011 Bell Matteo Ncuti Gatwa New Doctor Who star suffered campaign of racist abuse at Fife school The Courier Retrieved 27 May 2022 Dale Iain Smith Jacqui 14 November 2019 The Honourable Ladies Volume II Profiles of Women MPs 1997 2019 Biteback Publishing p 16 ISBN 978 1 78590 447 9 a b c d Town Twinning www fifedirect org uk 29 July 2010 Archived from the original on 3 January 2017 Retrieved 15 January 2018 Trondheims offisielle nettsted Vennskapsbyer Archived from the original on 27 September 2011 National Commission for Decentralised cooperation Delegation pour l Action Exterieure des Collectivites Territoriales Ministere des Affaires etrangeres in French Archived from the original on 4 October 2013 Retrieved 26 December 2013 Bibliography Brown Michael 2000 James I Stewart Dynasty in Scotland Tuckwell Press Ltd ISBN 978 1 86232 105 2 Cavendish Richard 2007 Kings amp Queens The Concise Guide David amp Charles ISBN 978 0 7153 2376 2 Dennison Patricia Stronach Simon 2007 Historic Dunfermline Archeology and Development Dunfermline Burgh Survey Community Project ISBN 978 0 9557 2440 4 Dunfermline Heritage Community Projects DHCP 2009 Your Guide to Dunfermline Levenmouth Printers Ltd ASIN B002RHBZBC Dunlop Eileen 2005 Queen Margaret of Scotland NSME ISBN 978 1 901663 92 1 Durie Bruce 2010 Dunfermline Britain in Old Photographs The History Press ISBN 978 0 7524 5573 0 Fawcett Richard 2005 Royal Dunfermline Society of Antiquaries of Scotland ISBN 978 0 9039 0334 9 Fawcett Richard 1996 Medieval Abbeys and Churches in Fife Fife Regional Council ISBN 978 1 872162 07 2 Hendrie William F 2002 Old Dunfermline Stenlake Publishing ISBN 978 1 84033 194 3 Lamont Brown Raymond 2002 Fife in History and Legend Edinburgh John Donald ISBN 978 0 85976 567 1 McEwan Bert 2009 Dunfermline The Post War Years 2nd ed Breedon Books ISBN 978 1 85983 407 7 MacKay James 1997 Little Boss Life of Andrew Carnegie Mainstream Publishing ISBN 978 1 85158 832 9 Omand Donald 2000 The Fife Book Edinburgh Birlinn ISBN 978 1 84158 274 0 Pearson John 2000 Around Dunfermline 2nd ed John Pearson ISBN 978 1 90065 103 5 Pride Glen L 1999 The Kingdom of Fife 2nd ed ISBN 978 1 873190 49 4 Taylor Simon Markus Gilbert 2006 The Place Names of Fife Volume One Donington Shaun Tyas ISBN 978 1 900289 77 1 External links Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dunfermline Dunfermline Business News amp Events Information Visit Dunfermline the official trademarked tourism portal for Dunfermline Dunfermline Photo Gallery Dunfermline Photo Gallery Dunfermline Music Scene Website dedicated to Dunfermline Music The Annals of Dunfermline 1096 1745 Dunfermline Guide website a guide to Dunfermline Dunfermline online website Dunfermline on the web since 1996 Early Carnegie Libraries featuring the world s first Carnegie Library in Dunfermline National Library of Scotland Scottish Screen Archive selection of archive films about Dunfermline Engraving of Dunfermline in 1693 by John Slezer at National Library of Scotland Video footage of Wallace s Well in Pittencrieff Glen Video footage of Dunfermline City railway station Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dunfermline amp oldid 1133810590, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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