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Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal

Donald Alexander Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal GCMG GCVO PC DL FRS (6 August 1820 – 21 January 1914), known as Sir Donald A. Smith between May 1886 and August 1897, was a Scottish-born Canadian businessman who became one of the British Empire's foremost builders and philanthropists. He became commissioner, governor and principal shareholder of the Hudson's Bay Company. He was president of the Bank of Montreal and with his first cousin, George Stephen (later Lord Mount Stephen), co-founded the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and afterwards represented Montreal in the House of Commons of Canada. He was Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1896 to 1914. He was chairman of Burmah Oil and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. He was chancellor of McGill University (1889–1914)[1] and the University of Aberdeen.

The Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal
Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
In office
1896–1914
Prime MinisterCharles Tupper
Wilfrid Laurier
Robert Borden
Preceded byCharles Tupper
Succeeded byGeorge Perley
Member of Parliament
for Montreal West
In office
22 February 1887 – 22 June 1896
Preceded byMatthew Hamilton Gault
Succeeded byDistrict abolished
Member of Parliament
for Selkirk
In office
2 March 1871 – 13 May 1880
Preceded byDistrict established
Succeeded byThomas Scott
More...
Personal details
Born
Donald Alexander Smith

6 August 1820
Forres, Scotland
Died21 January 1914(1914-01-21) (aged 93)
London, England
Resting placeHighgate Cemetery, London
CitizenshipBritish subject
Spouse
Isabella Sophia Hardisty
(m. 1853; died 1913)
ChildrenMargaret Howard, 2nd Baroness Strathcona and Mount Royal
Residence(s)28 Grosvenor Square, London
OccupationDiplomat, businessman
Known forDriving the CPR's Last Spike
AwardsAlbert Medal (1912)
Signature

King Edward VII called him "Uncle Donald".[2] His estate was valued at $5.5 million. During his lifetime, and including the bequests left after his death, he gave away just over $7.5 million-plus a further £1 million (not including private gifts and allowances) to a huge variety of charitable causes across Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.[3] He personally raised Strathcona's Horse, who saw their first action in the Second Boer War. He funded the building of Leanchoil Hospital. He and his first cousin, Lord Mount Stephen, purchased the land and then each gave $1 million to the City of Montreal to construct and maintain the Royal Victoria Hospital. He endowed the Lord Strathcona Medal and donated generously to McGill University, Aberdeen University, the Victoria University of Manchester, Yale University, the Prince of Wales Hospital Fund and the Imperial Institute. At McGill, he started the Donalda Program for the purpose of providing higher education for Canadian women, building the Royal Victoria College on Sherbrooke Street for that purpose in 1886. He also built the Strathcona Medical Building at McGill and endowed its chairs in pathology and hygiene.

Early life edit

Born 6 August 1820, on Forres High Street, in Moray, Scotland,[4] he was the second son of Alexander Smith (1786–1841) and his wife Barbara Stuart, daughter of Donald Stuart (b.c.1740) of Leanchoil, Upper Strathspey, descended from Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany.[5] His father, whose family had lived at Archiestown Cottage as crofters at Knockando, became a saddler at Forres after trying his hand at farming and soldiering. Donald was also a first cousin of the successful and notably philanthropic Grant brothers of Manchester, who were reputedly immortalised as the "Cheeryble Brothers" in Charles Dickens' book, Nicholas Nickleby.[6][7] Donald's mother was the sister of the Canadian explorer John Stuart, partner of the North West Company who rose to become Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company.

Smith was educated at Anderson's Free School and on leaving at age sixteen he was apprenticed to become a lawyer in the offices of Robert Watson, Town Clerk of Forres. By the age of eighteen, Smith chose another career path: offered entry into mercantile life at Manchester, and a career in the Indian Civil Service, his choice was to pattern himself on his uncle John Stuart (who had by then returned to live near Forres) who offered him a junior clerkship in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company. Smith chose to follow his uncle's career and sailed to Montreal that year.[6]

Hudson's Bay Company edit

 
Lord Strathcona circa 1913

Smith emigrated to Lower Canada in 1838 to work for the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC),[4] becoming a clerk for the organization in 1842. He was given administrative control over the seigneury of Mingan (in modern Labrador) in late 1843, where his innovative methods met with the disapproval of HBC governor Sir George Simpson. The Mingan post burned down in 1846, and Smith left for Montreal the following year. He returned in 1848, and remained in Labrador until the 1860s, administering the fur trade and salmon fishing within the region.

In 1862, Smith was promoted as the company's Chief Factor in charge of the Labrador district.[4] He travelled to London in 1865, and made a favourable impression on the HBC's directors. In 1868, he was promoted to Commissioner of the Montreal department, managing the HBC's eastern operations.[4] That same year, Smith joined with George Stephen, Richard Bladworth Angus, and Andrew Paton to establish the textile manufactory, Paton Manufacturing Company, in Sherbrooke.[4]

In 1869, the government of John A. Macdonald held the HBC accountable for the disturbances reported in the Red River Colony, which was part of the proposed purchase of the original part of Rupert's Land from the HBC. The person in charge of HBC's nominal head office in Montreal was Smith, and he was asked by the Governor-General to investigate and write a Royal Commission report. Smith travelled to (present-day) Manitoba, and negotiated at Fort Garry with Louis Riel,[4] who had been voted the leader of the resistance. Smith's offers, including land recognition for the Métis, led to Riel calling a Council of 40 representatives, drawn half-and-half from the Metis and the HBC settlers, for formal negotiations. Smith returned to Ottawa in early 1870, and communicated the Royal Commission on the North-West Territories,[8] which effectively made his name in Canada and London. Smith succeeded in gaining clemency for some prisoners within the region; he was not, however, able to prevent the execution of Thomas Scott by Riel's provisional government. He was appointed that year to the office of President of the HBC's Council of the Northern Department (effectively becoming administrator of the Northwest Territories, including Manitoba).[9]

Smith accompanied Col. Garnet Wolseley's military mission to Red River later in the year; following the end of the resistance, Wolseley appointed Smith as the Acting Governor of Assiniboia pending Lieutenant Governor Adams George Archibald's arrival in the province. Smith stayed in the region after 1870 and was responsible for negotiating the transfer of HBC land to the federal government (as well as coordinating the transfer of several specific land claims in the region). Archibald appointed Smith to his Executive Council on 20 October 1870, although this decision was subsequently overturned by the Canadian government, which ruled that Archibald had overstepped his legal authority.

Political career edit

 
″Canada in London″ by Leslie Ward, caricature of Lord Strathcona in Vanity Fair, 1900

In Manitoba's first general election, held on 27 December 1870, Smith was elected to the provincial legislature for the riding of Winnipeg and St. John, defeating long-time HBC nemesis John Christian Schultz by 71 votes to 63. Smith was a supporter of Archibald's consensus government, and opposed Schultz's ultra-loyalist Canadian Party; there was a riot among the Ontario soldiers stationed in Winnipeg following the announcement of Smith's victory.[citation needed]

Politicians were allowed to serve in both the provincial and federal parliaments in this period of Manitoba history, and Smith was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the newly formed riding of Selkirk in early 1871. He sat as an Independent Conservative, and initially supported the government of Sir John A. Macdonald. Easily re-elected in 1872, Smith was a strong defender of HBC interests in the House of Commons, and also spoke for issues concerning Manitoba and the Northwest. He helped create the Bank of Manitoba and the Manitoba Insurance Company during this period, assisted by banker Sir Hugh Allan.

In 1872 Smith was appointed to the first group of members of the Temporary North-West Council the first governing assembly of the North-West Territories. Smith was one of the few people who served on two provincial/territorial legislatures and the federal parliament at the same time.

Smith broke with Macdonald in 1873, after the Prime Minister had delayed reimbursement for Smith's earlier expenses in Red River. Smith voted to censure the government in a motion over the Pacific Scandal and was thereby partly responsible for the government's defeat. Smith remained an Independent Conservative, but his relations with the official Conservative representatives were often strained in later years.

Manitoba abolished the "dual mandate" in 1873, and Smith resigned from the provincial legislature in early 1874 (the first person to do so). In the Canadian general election of 1874, Smith defeated Liberal candidate Andrew G. B. Bannatyne by 329 votes to 225. The Manitoba Free Press, at the time, suggested that Smith had encouraged Bannatyne's candidacy to prevent more serious opposition from emerging.[citation needed]

In 1873, the HBC separated its fur trade and land sales operations, putting Smith in charge of the latter. Smith had developed an interest in railway expansion through his work with the HBC, and in 1875 was among the incorporators of the Manitoba Western Railway. He was also a partner in the Red River Transportation Company, which gained control over the St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in March 1878. His business ventures increasingly dominated his labours, and he formally resigned as land commissioner in early 1879, though he remained a leading figure in the HBC's operations for another 30 years.

Smith faced a serious electoral challenge from former Manitoba Lieutenant Governor Alexander Morris in the general election of 1878. Aided on this occasion by the Manitoba Free Press, Smith defeated Morris by 555 votes to 546; local Conservative organizers protested the result, and it was overturned two years later. On 10 September 1880, Smith was defeated by former Winnipeg Mayor Thomas Scott, 735 votes to 577.

Corporate leader edit

 
Smith drives the Last Spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 7 November 1885, Craigellachie, British Columbia

In May 1879, Smith became a director in the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway Company, having control over 20% of its shares. He was subsequently a leading figure in the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway, although he was not appointed as a director of the organization until 1883 because of his lingering animosity with Sir John A. Macdonald (who had again become prime minister in 1878). During his tenure on the board, Smith had the honour of driving the last spike[4] at Craigellachie, British Columbia to complete the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway rail line. Smith remained on the board of directors for several years, although he was by-passed for the company's presidency in 1888,[4] in favour of William Cornelius Van Horne.

Smith became extremely wealthy through his investments, and he was involved in a myriad of Canadian and American corporations in the latter part of the 19th century. He was appointed to the board of the Bank of Montreal in 1872, became its vice-president in 1882, and was promoted to the Presidency in 1887.[4] His leadership in real estate transactions caused Smith to become a financier, and he was thus involved in (or founded) over 80 trust structures, including the Royal Trust and Montreal Trust.[10] He retained a significant interest in the Hudson's Bay Company throughout his life and became in 1889 Governor of the company that had made his name.

Smith was also involved in the newspaper industry in his later years. His attempt to take over the Toronto Globe in 1882 was unsuccessful, though he took effective control of the Manitoba Free Press from William Fisher Luxton in 1893. In 1889, he was the principal shareholder of the Hudson's Bay Company and was elected as its 26th governor, holding this position until his death in 1914.

Later political career edit

Smith was re-elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1887, in the Quebec riding of Montreal West, and once again sat as an "Independent Conservative". In the same year he received an honorary Doctor of Laws from St John's College, Cambridge.[11] He was re-elected in the election of 1891, defeating his only opponent, James Cochrane, 4586 votes to 880. Smith remained interested in Manitoba politics, and attempted (without success) to broker a compromise between Thomas Greenway and the federal government during the Manitoba school crisis of the 1890s.

High Commissioner edit

Prime Minister Sir Mackenzie Bowell wanted Smith to succeed him in 1896, but Smith refused. The position of Prime Minister instead went to Sir Charles Tupper, who appointed Smith as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom on 24 April 1896.

Sir Wilfrid Laurier retained Smith as High Commissioner following the Liberal election victory of 1896, although his powers were somewhat undercut. He was created Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, of Glencoe in the County of Argyll and of Mount Royal in the Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, on 23 August 1897, as part of the 1897 Diamond Jubilee Honours.[4][12] He had already been made KCMG on 29 May 1886,[13] promoted to GCMG on 20 May 1896,[14] and was further made GCVO in 1908. He cooperated with Manitoba Liberal Clifford Sifton in opening the Canadian prairies to eastern-European immigration. He raised Strathcona's Horse, a private unit of Canadian soldiers, during the Second Boer War, and became one of the leading supporters of British imperialism within London. After the end of the war, he was appointed among the members of a Royal Commission set up to investigate the conduct of the Second Boer War (the Elgin Commission 1902–1903).[15] He was involved in the creation of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, of which he became the chairman in 1909.[4] Lord Strathcona subsequently used his influence to make the company a major supplier of the Royal Navy.

He was granted a second creation of the Barony, with a Special Remainder in favour of his daughter Margaret Charlotte Howard, as Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, of Mount Royal in the Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada, and of Glencoe in the County of Argyll, on 26 June 1900.[16]

He was Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen (1899–1902), and he received the Freedom of the City of Aberdeen in a ceremony on 9 April 1902.[17]

On 12 February 1902, he was appointed an Honorary Colonel of the 8th (Volunteer) Battalion, the King's (Liverpool Regiment),[18] and the same month he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from the Victoria University of Manchester, in connection with the 50th jubilee of the establishment of the university.[19] He received the honorary degree Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) from the University of Oxford in October 1902, in connection with the tercentenary of the Bodleian Library.[20]

He was sworn in as a Member of the Imperial Privy Council in 1904. He received the Freedom of the City of Bath on 13 July 1911.[21]

Philanthropy edit

 
Strathcona Music Building on Sherbrooke Street, Montreal. Originally known as Royal Victoria College and was built in 1884 by Strathcona for the higher education of women.

Strathcona was a leading philanthropist in his later years, donating large sums of money to various organizations in Britain, Canada and elsewhere. His largest donations were made with George Stephen, donating the money to build the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal that opened its doors in 1893. Strathcona also made a major donation to McGill University in Montreal, where he helped establish a school for women in 1884 (Royal Victoria College). He was named Chancellor of McGill in 1888, and he held the post until his death. He also bequeathed funds to the Sheffield Scientific School for a science and engineering building and to support two professorships in engineering. He was awarded an honorary degree from Yale University in 1892. He contributed donations to the new University of Birmingham following representations by Joseph Chamberlain.[22]

In 1910, Strathcona deposited in trust with the Dominion Government the sum of $500,000, bearing an annual interest of 4%, to develop citizenship and patriotism, for example in the Royal Canadian Army Cadets movement, through physical training, rifle shooting, and military drill.[23] A Syllabus of Physical Exercises for Schools was published by the Trust in 1911.[24] He is remembered today by the Cadets with the Lord Strathcona Medal.

Death edit

 
The vault of Lord Strathcona, Highgate Cemetery, London

Lord Strathcona died in 1914 in London[4] and was buried at Highgate Cemetery. His imposing red granite vault is the first vault after entering the Eastern Cemetery. His seventy-five-year tenure with the Hudson's Bay Company remains a record.

He lived in Montreal's Golden Square Mile. In 1895, he purchased an estate in Scotland, building and living at Glencoe House. In 1905, he purchased the Island of Colonsay including Colonsay House (where his descendants still live) and the Island of Oronsay, both on the Hebridean coast of Scotland. He kept a house in London and after his appointment as Canadian High Commissioner leased Knebworth House from 1899 until his death. He was given a full state funeral at Westminster Abbey, where a memorial stands to his memory, and would have been entombed there but he preferred to rest next to his wife, who pre-deceased him by several months, in Highgate Cemetery.[25]

His obituary in The Times of London read in part,[26]

With no advantage of birth or fortune he made himself one of the great outstanding figures of the Empire.

Family edit

 
Isabella Sophia, Baroness Strathcona and Mount Royal, by William Notman

In 1853, he married Isabella Sophia Hardisty (1825–1913), daughter of Richard Hardisty (1790–1865), Chief Trader of the Hudson's Bay Company, and Margaret Sutherland (1802–1876), daughter of the Rev. John Sutherland, a native of Caithness who lived at Lachine, Quebec. Lady Strathcona's father was a native of London, England, and her mother was of Indian and Scottish parentage. Her brother was the Hon. Richard Charles Hardisty. She was presented to King Edward and Queen Alexandra, 13 March 1903, and with her daughter donated $100,000 to McGill University in Montreal to erect a new wing to its Medical Building.[27] The couple lived at 53 Cadogan Square, London; Knebworth House; Debden Hall; Glencoe House, Scotland; Colonsay House, Scotland and 1157 Dorchester Street, in Montreal's Golden Square Mile.[28]

Lord and Lady Strathcona were the parents of one child, the Hon. Margaret Charlotte Smith. In accordance with the special remainder to the 1900 barony, she succeeded her father as Lady Strathcona in 1914. In 1888, she married Robert Jared Bliss Howard OBE FRCS (1859–1921), son of Robert Palmer Howard (1823–1889), Dean of Medicine at McGill University.

Robert Howard and Lady Strathcona had the following children:[citation needed]

His Montreal home was located in the Golden Square Mile. In 1905, he bought the island of Colonsay in the Inner Hebrides, which remains in the hands of his successors today.

Legacy edit

 
Strathcona Park, Ottawa

Lord Strathcona is commemorated in Montreal by several McGill University buildings; he gave freely of his time to this institution, and a great quantity of his wealth.[29] In Westmount, a street was named in his honour. In the greater Montreal West Island community, the Strathcona Desjardins Credit Union bears his name, with offices downtown Montreal and in Kirkland. The credit union members were historically from the English-speaking hospitals of Montreal, but since recent mergers also include the Montreal area, English-speaking teachers.

The Strathcona family mansion in Montreal on Dorchester Street (now René Lévesque Boulevard)[25] near Fort Street was torn down in 1941 to make way for an apartment building.[30]

Strathcona Avenue, located in Westmount (a suburb on the island of Montreal) is named in his honour.

Strathcona is commemorated in Manitoba by the Rural Municipality of Strathcona and by three streets in Winnipeg: Donald Street and Smith Street in the downtown core, and Strathcona Street in the city's West End.[31] In Alberta he is commemorated by the Calgary neighbourhood of Strathcona Park[32] by the Edmonton neighbourhood of Strathcona, and by the municipality of Strathcona County. In British Columbia, the Vancouver neighbourhood of Strathcona takes its name from Lord Strathcona School built in 1891, and Mount Sir Donald in Glacier National Park is named after him. There are oil portraits of Lord Strathcona by many artists, but the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury seems to have made a number of head and shoulder portraits of him from 1898 (examples may be found at the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad offices and in the Hudson's Bay Company [this has a repainted background]), and the artist also presented his 1899 bust-length charcoal and crayon drawing of Strathcona to McGill University in Montreal in 1916.

The Town of Fort Smith in the Northwest Territories is named after Donald Smith. There is a stained glass window memorializing him in Westminster Abbey. His coat of arms appears over the main entrance of Marischal College in Aberdeen. Strathcona Park, which was erected by the city of Ottawa in 1907, is dedicated to him.[33] The Town of Transcona, Manitoba, incorporated in 1912 as a community to support the new railway shops of the Grand Trunk Pacific and National Transcontinental railways, takes half its name from Lord Strathcona, and the other half from the word transcontinental.[34]

Strathcona was inducted into the Canadian Curling Hall of Fame in 1973.[35]

Ships named for Lord Strathcona edit

At least three ships were named for Lord Strathcona during his lifetime. These were:

  • Strathcona, a 598-ton, 142-foot wooden sidewheel paddle steamer, was built in 1898 by J. Macfarlane at New Westminster, British Columbia for the Hudson's Bay Company. The vessel was operated on the Pacific Northwest coast and in 1898-99 carried elements of the Yukon Field Force. In 1902 Strathcona was sold to S.J.V. Spratt, later passing into the hands of the Sidney & Nanaimo Transportation Company. On 17 November 1909, the vessel was wrecked on a snag near Pages Landing on the Fraser River. In 1910 Strathcona was refloated and towed to New Westminster, where the engines and boilers were removed and the hull abandoned.[36]
  • Strathcona, a 1,881-ton, 253-foot steel canal-sized Great Lakes freighter, was built in 1900 by the Caledon Shipbuilding Company in Dundee, Scotland. This steamer was converted from a bulk carrier to a package freighter in 1911 by the Collingwood Shipbuilding Company at Collingwood, Ontario. Strathcona sailed for Inland Lines, Ltd., of Hamilton, Ontario until 1913, whereupon it passed into the hands of Canada Steamship Lines when that fleet was established. In 1915 Strathcona was requisitioned for ocean service during the First World War. While bound from the Tyne to Marseilles, France, Strathcona was sunk by a scuttling charge from SM U-78 on 13 April 1917 when some 145 miles west-northwest of North Ronaldsay, Orkney Islands.[37][38][39]
  • Lord Strathcona, a 495-ton, 160-foot steel salvage tug, was built in 1902 by J.P. Renoldson & Sons, Ltd., at South Shields, England. Owned by George T. Davie & Sons of Lauzon, Quebec,, this tug arrived on its delivery voyage on 4 May 1902.[40] Lord Strathcona was sold in 1912 to the Quebec Salvage & Wrecking Company, Ltd., a Canadian Pacific subsidiary,[41] and remained in service through the end of the Second World War.[42] Ownership passed to Foundation Maritime in 1944, and Lord Strathcona was scrapped in 1947.

A fourth ship, Lord Strathcona, was a 7,335-ton, 455-foot ocean steamer built in 1915 by W. Doxford & Sons Ltd. at Sunderland, England. Owned by the Dominion Line, Lord Strathcona was bound from Wabana, Newfoundland to Sydney, Nova Scotia with iron ore when the vessel was torpedoed and sunk by U-513 on 5 September 1942. Lord Strathcona's crew of 44, including Captain Charles Stewart, were rescued.

Gallery edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Chancellor". www.archives.mcgill.ca.
  2. ^ McDonald, Donna (1996). Lord Strathcona: A Biography of Donald Alexander Smith. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 482. ISBN 1-55002-397-7.
  3. ^ McDonald, Donna (1996). Lord Strathcona: A Biography of Donald Alexander Smith. Toronto and Oxford: Dundurn Press. pp. 600. ISBN 1-55002-266-0.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Martin, Joseph E. (2017). "Titans". Canada's History. 97 (5): 47–53. ISSN 1920-9894.
  5. ^ "Individual Page". wc.rootsweb.com.
  6. ^ a b "Read the eBook Lord Strathcona, the story of his life by Beckles Willson online for free (page 1 of 21)". www.ebooksread.com.
  7. ^ "Dickens's "The Brothers Cheeryble" by Harold Copping". victorianweb.org.
  8. ^ Smith, Donald Alexander (4 July 1870). North-West Territories report of Donald A. Smith (Report). CIHM/ICMH Microfiche series (CIHM/ICMH collection de microfiches) no. 18073. s.n. ISBN 9780665180736 – via Hathi Trust.
  9. ^ Newman 1992, p. 47
  10. ^ Newman 1992, p. 5
  11. ^ "Smith, Sir Donald Alexander (SMT887DA)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  12. ^ "No. 26885". The London Gazette. 24 August 1897. p. 4725.
  13. ^ "No. 25592". The London Gazette. 29 May 1886. p. 2634.
  14. ^ "No. 26741". The London Gazette. 20 May 1896. p. 3054.
  15. ^ "No. 27482". The London Gazette. 14 October 1902. p. 6493.
  16. ^ "No. 27205". The London Gazette. 26 June 1900. p. 3963.
  17. ^ "Lord Strathcona at Aberdeen". The Times. No. 36738. London. 10 April 1902. p. 11.
  18. ^ "No. 27405". The London Gazette. 11 February 1902. p. 850.
  19. ^ "University intelligence". The Times. No. 36704. London. 1 March 1902. p. 12.
  20. ^ "University intelligence". The Times. No. 36893. London. 8 October 1902. p. 4.
  21. ^ "Freedom of City of Bath for Lord Strathcona". The Daily Phoenix. 14 July 1911. p. 6.
  22. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ^ viu.ca: "The Strathcona Trust and Physical Training in B.C. Public Schools" 30 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ archive.org - Executive Council of the Strathcona Trust: "Syllabus of physical exercises for schools".
  25. ^ a b Reford, Alexander (1998). "Smith, Donald Alexander, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  26. ^ Newman 1992, p. 167
  27. ^ Morgan, Henry James, ed. (1903). Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada. Toronto: Williams Briggs. p. 2.
  28. ^ Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Smith, Donald Alexander, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal
  29. ^ Abbott, Maude E. (4 July 1915). ObituariesLord Strathcona and Mount Royal, August 6, 1820-January 19, 1914; Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, F.R.C.S., F.R.S., July 23, 1828-June 23, 1913 ; Charles Sedgwick Minot, D.S., LL.D., D. Sc., December 23, 1852-November 19, 1914 /. CIHM/ICMH collection de microfiches ;no. 77966. [Baltimore?. hdl:2027/aeu.ark:/13960/t71v6tz9r. ISBN 9780665779664.
  30. ^ "Ottawa Citizen - Recherche d'archives de Google Actualités". news.google.com.
  31. ^ "Donald Alexander Smith [Lord Strathcona] (1820-1914)". Memorable Manitobans. Manitoba Historical Society. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
  32. ^ Scottish Place Names in Calgary.. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
  33. ^ . National Inventory of Military Memorials. National Defence Canada. 16 April 2008. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014.
  34. ^ . Transcona Historical Museum. Archived from the original on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  35. ^ "Smith, Sir. Donald – CCA Hall of Fame | ACC Temple de la Renommée Virtuelle".
  36. ^ Strathcona file, Hudson's Bay Company Archives, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
  37. ^ Greenwood, John Orville (1986), Namesakes 1910-1919, p. 87. Cleveland: Freshwater Press, Inc.
  38. ^ Mitchell's "Marine Directory of the Great Lakes", 1912 edition, p. 53.
  39. ^ Green's Marine Directory of the Great Lakes, 1915 edition, p. 80.
  40. ^ Brookes, Ivan S. (1974), The Lower St. Lawrence, pp. 33, 282. Cleveland: Freshwater Press, Inc.
  41. ^ Brookes, pp. 40, 285.
  42. ^ Brookes, p. 56.

References edit

  • Newman, Peter C. (1992). Merchant Princes. Viking.
  • Bernard, Kenneth (March 1907). "Lord Strathcona: A Hudson's Bay Trader Who Has Won A High Place in the British Peerage". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XIII: 8668–8678.

External links edit

  • Works by or about Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal at Internet Archive
  • Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal – Parliament of Canada biography
  • Sir Donald Alexander Smith, Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal fonds - Library and Archives Canada
  • Grant, William Lawson (1911). "Strathcona and Mount Royal, Donald Alexander Smith, Baron" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1000–1001.
  • Photograph: Sir Donald Smith, Lord Strathcona in 1895. McCord Museum[permanent dead link]
  • Photograph: Sir Donald Smith, Lord Strathcona in 1908. McCord Museum[permanent dead link]
  • Photograph: Mausoleum in the East Cemetery, Highgate Cemetery in which Donald Alexander Smith lies 5 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  • Farr, D.M.L. (4 March 2015) [20 January 2008]. "Donald Alexander Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal". The Canadian Encyclopedia (online ed.). Historica Canada.
Parliament of Canada
Preceded by
None
Member of Parliament from Selkirk
1871–1880
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament from Montreal West
1887–1896
Electoral district abolished
Business positions
Preceded by President of the Bank of Montreal
1887–1905
Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company
1889–1914
Succeeded by
Thomas Skinner
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
1896–1914
Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of McGill University
1889–1914
Succeeded by
Preceded by Rector of the University of Aberdeen
1899–?
Unknown
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal
1897–1914
Extinct
Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal
1900–1914
Succeeded by

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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Donald Smith 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Donald Alexander Smith 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal GCMG GCVO PC DL FRS 6 August 1820 21 January 1914 known as Sir Donald A Smith between May 1886 and August 1897 was a Scottish born Canadian businessman who became one of the British Empire s foremost builders and philanthropists He became commissioner governor and principal shareholder of the Hudson s Bay Company He was president of the Bank of Montreal and with his first cousin George Stephen later Lord Mount Stephen co founded the Canadian Pacific Railway He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and afterwards represented Montreal in the House of Commons of Canada He was Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1896 to 1914 He was chairman of Burmah Oil and the Anglo Persian Oil Company He was chancellor of McGill University 1889 1914 1 and the University of Aberdeen The Right HonourableThe Lord Strathcona and Mount RoyalGCMG GCVO PC DL FRSCanadian High Commissioner to the United KingdomIn office 1896 1914Prime MinisterCharles TupperWilfrid LaurierRobert BordenPreceded byCharles TupperSucceeded byGeorge PerleyMember of Parliamentfor Montreal WestIn office 22 February 1887 22 June 1896Preceded byMatthew Hamilton GaultSucceeded byDistrict abolishedMember of Parliamentfor SelkirkIn office 2 March 1871 13 May 1880Preceded byDistrict establishedSucceeded byThomas ScottMore Personal detailsBornDonald Alexander Smith6 August 1820Forres ScotlandDied21 January 1914 1914 01 21 aged 93 London EnglandResting placeHighgate Cemetery LondonCitizenshipBritish subjectSpouseIsabella Sophia Hardisty m 1853 died 1913 wbr ChildrenMargaret Howard 2nd Baroness Strathcona and Mount RoyalResidence s 28 Grosvenor Square LondonOccupationDiplomat businessmanKnown forDriving the CPR s Last SpikeAwardsAlbert Medal 1912 SignatureKing Edward VII called him Uncle Donald 2 His estate was valued at 5 5 million During his lifetime and including the bequests left after his death he gave away just over 7 5 million plus a further 1 million not including private gifts and allowances to a huge variety of charitable causes across Canada the United Kingdom and the United States 3 He personally raised Strathcona s Horse who saw their first action in the Second Boer War He funded the building of Leanchoil Hospital He and his first cousin Lord Mount Stephen purchased the land and then each gave 1 million to the City of Montreal to construct and maintain the Royal Victoria Hospital He endowed the Lord Strathcona Medal and donated generously to McGill University Aberdeen University the Victoria University of Manchester Yale University the Prince of Wales Hospital Fund and the Imperial Institute At McGill he started the Donalda Program for the purpose of providing higher education for Canadian women building the Royal Victoria College on Sherbrooke Street for that purpose in 1886 He also built the Strathcona Medical Building at McGill and endowed its chairs in pathology and hygiene Contents 1 Early life 2 Hudson s Bay Company 3 Political career 4 Corporate leader 5 Later political career 6 High Commissioner 7 Philanthropy 8 Death 9 Family 10 Legacy 10 1 Ships named for Lord Strathcona 11 Gallery 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 15 External linksEarly life editBorn 6 August 1820 on Forres High Street in Moray Scotland 4 he was the second son of Alexander Smith 1786 1841 and his wife Barbara Stuart daughter of Donald Stuart b c 1740 of Leanchoil Upper Strathspey descended from Murdoch Stewart 2nd Duke of Albany 5 His father whose family had lived at Archiestown Cottage as crofters at Knockando became a saddler at Forres after trying his hand at farming and soldiering Donald was also a first cousin of the successful and notably philanthropic Grant brothers of Manchester who were reputedly immortalised as the Cheeryble Brothers in Charles Dickens book Nicholas Nickleby 6 7 Donald s mother was the sister of the Canadian explorer John Stuart partner of the North West Company who rose to become Chief Factor of the Hudson s Bay Company Smith was educated at Anderson s Free School and on leaving at age sixteen he was apprenticed to become a lawyer in the offices of Robert Watson Town Clerk of Forres By the age of eighteen Smith chose another career path offered entry into mercantile life at Manchester and a career in the Indian Civil Service his choice was to pattern himself on his uncle John Stuart who had by then returned to live near Forres who offered him a junior clerkship in the service of the Hudson s Bay Company Smith chose to follow his uncle s career and sailed to Montreal that year 6 Hudson s Bay Company edit nbsp Lord Strathcona circa 1913Smith emigrated to Lower Canada in 1838 to work for the Hudson s Bay Company HBC 4 becoming a clerk for the organization in 1842 He was given administrative control over the seigneury of Mingan in modern Labrador in late 1843 where his innovative methods met with the disapproval of HBC governor Sir George Simpson The Mingan post burned down in 1846 and Smith left for Montreal the following year He returned in 1848 and remained in Labrador until the 1860s administering the fur trade and salmon fishing within the region In 1862 Smith was promoted as the company s Chief Factor in charge of the Labrador district 4 He travelled to London in 1865 and made a favourable impression on the HBC s directors In 1868 he was promoted to Commissioner of the Montreal department managing the HBC s eastern operations 4 That same year Smith joined with George Stephen Richard Bladworth Angus and Andrew Paton to establish the textile manufactory Paton Manufacturing Company in Sherbrooke 4 In 1869 the government of John A Macdonald held the HBC accountable for the disturbances reported in the Red River Colony which was part of the proposed purchase of the original part of Rupert s Land from the HBC The person in charge of HBC s nominal head office in Montreal was Smith and he was asked by the Governor General to investigate and write a Royal Commission report Smith travelled to present day Manitoba and negotiated at Fort Garry with Louis Riel 4 who had been voted the leader of the resistance Smith s offers including land recognition for the Metis led to Riel calling a Council of 40 representatives drawn half and half from the Metis and the HBC settlers for formal negotiations Smith returned to Ottawa in early 1870 and communicated the Royal Commission on the North West Territories 8 which effectively made his name in Canada and London Smith succeeded in gaining clemency for some prisoners within the region he was not however able to prevent the execution of Thomas Scott by Riel s provisional government He was appointed that year to the office of President of the HBC s Council of the Northern Department effectively becoming administrator of the Northwest Territories including Manitoba 9 Smith accompanied Col Garnet Wolseley s military mission to Red River later in the year following the end of the resistance Wolseley appointed Smith as the Acting Governor of Assiniboia pending Lieutenant Governor Adams George Archibald s arrival in the province Smith stayed in the region after 1870 and was responsible for negotiating the transfer of HBC land to the federal government as well as coordinating the transfer of several specific land claims in the region Archibald appointed Smith to his Executive Council on 20 October 1870 although this decision was subsequently overturned by the Canadian government which ruled that Archibald had overstepped his legal authority Political career edit nbsp Canada in London by Leslie Ward caricature of Lord Strathcona in Vanity Fair 1900In Manitoba s first general election held on 27 December 1870 Smith was elected to the provincial legislature for the riding of Winnipeg and St John defeating long time HBC nemesis John Christian Schultz by 71 votes to 63 Smith was a supporter of Archibald s consensus government and opposed Schultz s ultra loyalist Canadian Party there was a riot among the Ontario soldiers stationed in Winnipeg following the announcement of Smith s victory citation needed Politicians were allowed to serve in both the provincial and federal parliaments in this period of Manitoba history and Smith was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the newly formed riding of Selkirk in early 1871 He sat as an Independent Conservative and initially supported the government of Sir John A Macdonald Easily re elected in 1872 Smith was a strong defender of HBC interests in the House of Commons and also spoke for issues concerning Manitoba and the Northwest He helped create the Bank of Manitoba and the Manitoba Insurance Company during this period assisted by banker Sir Hugh Allan In 1872 Smith was appointed to the first group of members of the Temporary North West Council the first governing assembly of the North West Territories Smith was one of the few people who served on two provincial territorial legislatures and the federal parliament at the same time Smith broke with Macdonald in 1873 after the Prime Minister had delayed reimbursement for Smith s earlier expenses in Red River Smith voted to censure the government in a motion over the Pacific Scandal and was thereby partly responsible for the government s defeat Smith remained an Independent Conservative but his relations with the official Conservative representatives were often strained in later years Manitoba abolished the dual mandate in 1873 and Smith resigned from the provincial legislature in early 1874 the first person to do so In the Canadian general election of 1874 Smith defeated Liberal candidate Andrew G B Bannatyne by 329 votes to 225 The Manitoba Free Press at the time suggested that Smith had encouraged Bannatyne s candidacy to prevent more serious opposition from emerging citation needed In 1873 the HBC separated its fur trade and land sales operations putting Smith in charge of the latter Smith had developed an interest in railway expansion through his work with the HBC and in 1875 was among the incorporators of the Manitoba Western Railway He was also a partner in the Red River Transportation Company which gained control over the St Paul and Pacific Railroad in March 1878 His business ventures increasingly dominated his labours and he formally resigned as land commissioner in early 1879 though he remained a leading figure in the HBC s operations for another 30 years Smith faced a serious electoral challenge from former Manitoba Lieutenant Governor Alexander Morris in the general election of 1878 Aided on this occasion by the Manitoba Free Press Smith defeated Morris by 555 votes to 546 local Conservative organizers protested the result and it was overturned two years later On 10 September 1880 Smith was defeated by former Winnipeg Mayor Thomas Scott 735 votes to 577 Corporate leader edit nbsp Smith drives the Last Spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway 7 November 1885 Craigellachie British ColumbiaIn May 1879 Smith became a director in the St Paul Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway Company having control over 20 of its shares He was subsequently a leading figure in the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway although he was not appointed as a director of the organization until 1883 because of his lingering animosity with Sir John A Macdonald who had again become prime minister in 1878 During his tenure on the board Smith had the honour of driving the last spike 4 at Craigellachie British Columbia to complete the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway rail line Smith remained on the board of directors for several years although he was by passed for the company s presidency in 1888 4 in favour of William Cornelius Van Horne Smith became extremely wealthy through his investments and he was involved in a myriad of Canadian and American corporations in the latter part of the 19th century He was appointed to the board of the Bank of Montreal in 1872 became its vice president in 1882 and was promoted to the Presidency in 1887 4 His leadership in real estate transactions caused Smith to become a financier and he was thus involved in or founded over 80 trust structures including the Royal Trust and Montreal Trust 10 He retained a significant interest in the Hudson s Bay Company throughout his life and became in 1889 Governor of the company that had made his name Smith was also involved in the newspaper industry in his later years His attempt to take over the Toronto Globe in 1882 was unsuccessful though he took effective control of the Manitoba Free Press from William Fisher Luxton in 1893 In 1889 he was the principal shareholder of the Hudson s Bay Company and was elected as its 26th governor holding this position until his death in 1914 Later political career editSmith was re elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1887 in the Quebec riding of Montreal West and once again sat as an Independent Conservative In the same year he received an honorary Doctor of Laws from St John s College Cambridge 11 He was re elected in the election of 1891 defeating his only opponent James Cochrane 4586 votes to 880 Smith remained interested in Manitoba politics and attempted without success to broker a compromise between Thomas Greenway and the federal government during the Manitoba school crisis of the 1890s High Commissioner editPrime Minister Sir Mackenzie Bowell wanted Smith to succeed him in 1896 but Smith refused The position of Prime Minister instead went to Sir Charles Tupper who appointed Smith as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom on 24 April 1896 Sir Wilfrid Laurier retained Smith as High Commissioner following the Liberal election victory of 1896 although his powers were somewhat undercut He was created Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal of Glencoe in the County of Argyll and of Mount Royal in the Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 23 August 1897 as part of the 1897 Diamond Jubilee Honours 4 12 He had already been made KCMG on 29 May 1886 13 promoted to GCMG on 20 May 1896 14 and was further made GCVO in 1908 He cooperated with Manitoba Liberal Clifford Sifton in opening the Canadian prairies to eastern European immigration He raised Strathcona s Horse a private unit of Canadian soldiers during the Second Boer War and became one of the leading supporters of British imperialism within London After the end of the war he was appointed among the members of a Royal Commission set up to investigate the conduct of the Second Boer War the Elgin Commission 1902 1903 15 He was involved in the creation of the Anglo Persian Oil Company of which he became the chairman in 1909 4 Lord Strathcona subsequently used his influence to make the company a major supplier of the Royal Navy He was granted a second creation of the Barony with a Special Remainder in favour of his daughter Margaret Charlotte Howard as Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal of Mount Royal in the Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada and of Glencoe in the County of Argyll on 26 June 1900 16 He was Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen 1899 1902 and he received the Freedom of the City of Aberdeen in a ceremony on 9 April 1902 17 On 12 February 1902 he was appointed an Honorary Colonel of the 8th Volunteer Battalion the King s Liverpool Regiment 18 and the same month he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws LL D from the Victoria University of Manchester in connection with the 50th jubilee of the establishment of the university 19 He received the honorary degree Doctor of Civil Law DCL from the University of Oxford in October 1902 in connection with the tercentenary of the Bodleian Library 20 He was sworn in as a Member of the Imperial Privy Council in 1904 He received the Freedom of the City of Bath on 13 July 1911 21 Philanthropy edit nbsp Strathcona Music Building on Sherbrooke Street Montreal Originally known as Royal Victoria College and was built in 1884 by Strathcona for the higher education of women Strathcona was a leading philanthropist in his later years donating large sums of money to various organizations in Britain Canada and elsewhere His largest donations were made with George Stephen donating the money to build the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal that opened its doors in 1893 Strathcona also made a major donation to McGill University in Montreal where he helped establish a school for women in 1884 Royal Victoria College He was named Chancellor of McGill in 1888 and he held the post until his death He also bequeathed funds to the Sheffield Scientific School for a science and engineering building and to support two professorships in engineering He was awarded an honorary degree from Yale University in 1892 He contributed donations to the new University of Birmingham following representations by Joseph Chamberlain 22 In 1910 Strathcona deposited in trust with the Dominion Government the sum of 500 000 bearing an annual interest of 4 to develop citizenship and patriotism for example in the Royal Canadian Army Cadets movement through physical training rifle shooting and military drill 23 A Syllabus of Physical Exercises for Schools was published by the Trust in 1911 24 He is remembered today by the Cadets with the Lord Strathcona Medal Death edit nbsp The vault of Lord Strathcona Highgate Cemetery LondonLord Strathcona died in 1914 in London 4 and was buried at Highgate Cemetery His imposing red granite vault is the first vault after entering the Eastern Cemetery His seventy five year tenure with the Hudson s Bay Company remains a record He lived in Montreal s Golden Square Mile In 1895 he purchased an estate in Scotland building and living at Glencoe House In 1905 he purchased the Island of Colonsay including Colonsay House where his descendants still live and the Island of Oronsay both on the Hebridean coast of Scotland He kept a house in London and after his appointment as Canadian High Commissioner leased Knebworth House from 1899 until his death He was given a full state funeral at Westminster Abbey where a memorial stands to his memory and would have been entombed there but he preferred to rest next to his wife who pre deceased him by several months in Highgate Cemetery 25 His obituary in The Times of London read in part 26 With no advantage of birth or fortune he made himself one of the great outstanding figures of the Empire Family edit nbsp Isabella Sophia Baroness Strathcona and Mount Royal by William NotmanIn 1853 he married Isabella Sophia Hardisty 1825 1913 daughter of Richard Hardisty 1790 1865 Chief Trader of the Hudson s Bay Company and Margaret Sutherland 1802 1876 daughter of the Rev John Sutherland a native of Caithness who lived at Lachine Quebec Lady Strathcona s father was a native of London England and her mother was of Indian and Scottish parentage Her brother was the Hon Richard Charles Hardisty She was presented to King Edward and Queen Alexandra 13 March 1903 and with her daughter donated 100 000 to McGill University in Montreal to erect a new wing to its Medical Building 27 The couple lived at 53 Cadogan Square London Knebworth House Debden Hall Glencoe House Scotland Colonsay House Scotland and 1157 Dorchester Street in Montreal s Golden Square Mile 28 Lord and Lady Strathcona were the parents of one child the Hon Margaret Charlotte Smith In accordance with the special remainder to the 1900 barony she succeeded her father as Lady Strathcona in 1914 In 1888 she married Robert Jared Bliss Howard OBE FRCS 1859 1921 son of Robert Palmer Howard 1823 1889 Dean of Medicine at McGill University Robert Howard and Lady Strathcona had the following children citation needed The Hon Frances Margaret Palmer Howard born 13 February 1889 died 5 October 1958 The Rt Hon Donald Sterling Palmer Howard 3rd Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal born 14 June 1891 died 22 February 1959 The Hon Robert Henry Palmer Howard born 1893 killed in action 8 May 1915 citation needed The Hon Edith Mary Palmer Howard born 7 April 1895 died 1979 married John Brooke Molesworth Parnell 6th Baron Congleton on 6 April 1918 citation needed The Hon Sir Arthur Jared Palmer Howard KBE CVO born 30 May 1896 died 26 April 1971 His Montreal home was located in the Golden Square Mile In 1905 he bought the island of Colonsay in the Inner Hebrides which remains in the hands of his successors today Legacy editSee also Strathcona nbsp Strathcona Park OttawaLord Strathcona is commemorated in Montreal by several McGill University buildings he gave freely of his time to this institution and a great quantity of his wealth 29 In Westmount a street was named in his honour In the greater Montreal West Island community the Strathcona Desjardins Credit Union bears his name with offices downtown Montreal and in Kirkland The credit union members were historically from the English speaking hospitals of Montreal but since recent mergers also include the Montreal area English speaking teachers The Strathcona family mansion in Montreal on Dorchester Street now Rene Levesque Boulevard 25 near Fort Street was torn down in 1941 to make way for an apartment building 30 Strathcona Avenue located in Westmount a suburb on the island of Montreal is named in his honour Strathcona is commemorated in Manitoba by the Rural Municipality of Strathcona and by three streets in Winnipeg Donald Street and Smith Street in the downtown core and Strathcona Street in the city s West End 31 In Alberta he is commemorated by the Calgary neighbourhood of Strathcona Park 32 by the Edmonton neighbourhood of Strathcona and by the municipality of Strathcona County In British Columbia the Vancouver neighbourhood of Strathcona takes its name from Lord Strathcona School built in 1891 and Mount Sir Donald in Glacier National Park is named after him There are oil portraits of Lord Strathcona by many artists but the Swiss born American artist Adolfo Muller Ury seems to have made a number of head and shoulder portraits of him from 1898 examples may be found at the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad offices and in the Hudson s Bay Company this has a repainted background and the artist also presented his 1899 bust length charcoal and crayon drawing of Strathcona to McGill University in Montreal in 1916 The Town of Fort Smith in the Northwest Territories is named after Donald Smith There is a stained glass window memorializing him in Westminster Abbey His coat of arms appears over the main entrance of Marischal College in Aberdeen Strathcona Park which was erected by the city of Ottawa in 1907 is dedicated to him 33 The Town of Transcona Manitoba incorporated in 1912 as a community to support the new railway shops of the Grand Trunk Pacific and National Transcontinental railways takes half its name from Lord Strathcona and the other half from the word transcontinental 34 Strathcona was inducted into the Canadian Curling Hall of Fame in 1973 35 Ships named for Lord Strathcona edit At least three ships were named for Lord Strathcona during his lifetime These were Strathcona a 598 ton 142 foot wooden sidewheel paddle steamer was built in 1898 by J Macfarlane at New Westminster British Columbia for the Hudson s Bay Company The vessel was operated on the Pacific Northwest coast and in 1898 99 carried elements of the Yukon Field Force In 1902 Strathcona was sold to S J V Spratt later passing into the hands of the Sidney amp Nanaimo Transportation Company On 17 November 1909 the vessel was wrecked on a snag near Pages Landing on the Fraser River In 1910 Strathcona was refloated and towed to New Westminster where the engines and boilers were removed and the hull abandoned 36 Strathcona a 1 881 ton 253 foot steel canal sized Great Lakes freighter was built in 1900 by the Caledon Shipbuilding Company in Dundee Scotland This steamer was converted from a bulk carrier to a package freighter in 1911 by the Collingwood Shipbuilding Company at Collingwood Ontario Strathcona sailed for Inland Lines Ltd of Hamilton Ontario until 1913 whereupon it passed into the hands of Canada Steamship Lines when that fleet was established In 1915 Strathcona was requisitioned for ocean service during the First World War While bound from the Tyne to Marseilles France Strathcona was sunk by a scuttling charge from SM U 78 on 13 April 1917 when some 145 miles west northwest of North Ronaldsay Orkney Islands 37 38 39 Lord Strathcona a 495 ton 160 foot steel salvage tug was built in 1902 by J P Renoldson amp Sons Ltd at South Shields England Owned by George T Davie amp Sons of Lauzon Quebec this tug arrived on its delivery voyage on 4 May 1902 40 Lord Strathcona was sold in 1912 to the Quebec Salvage amp Wrecking Company Ltd a Canadian Pacific subsidiary 41 and remained in service through the end of the Second World War 42 Ownership passed to Foundation Maritime in 1944 and Lord Strathcona was scrapped in 1947 A fourth ship Lord Strathcona was a 7 335 ton 455 foot ocean steamer built in 1915 by W Doxford amp Sons Ltd at Sunderland England Owned by the Dominion Line Lord Strathcona was bound from Wabana Newfoundland to Sydney Nova Scotia with iron ore when the vessel was torpedoed and sunk by U 513 on 5 September 1942 Lord Strathcona s crew of 44 including Captain Charles Stewart were rescued Gallery edit nbsp Lord Strathcona s house in Montreal s Golden Square Mile built in 1879 nbsp Glencoe House Scotland in 1905 built by Lord Strathcona in 1895 nbsp Colonsay House purchased with the island by Lord Strathcona and still occupied by his descendants today nbsp Knebworth House leased by Lord Strathcona from 1899 until his deathSee also editCanadian peers and baronets Glencoe House Glencoe Lochan Golden Square MileNotes edit Chancellor www archives mcgill ca McDonald Donna 1996 Lord Strathcona A Biography of Donald Alexander Smith Toronto Dundurn Press p 482 ISBN 1 55002 397 7 McDonald Donna 1996 Lord Strathcona A Biography of Donald Alexander Smith Toronto and Oxford Dundurn Press pp 600 ISBN 1 55002 266 0 a b c d e f g h i j k l Martin Joseph E 2017 Titans Canada s History 97 5 47 53 ISSN 1920 9894 Individual Page wc rootsweb com a b Read the eBook Lord Strathcona the story of his life by Beckles Willson online for free page 1 of 21 www ebooksread com Dickens s The Brothers Cheeryble by Harold Copping victorianweb org Smith Donald Alexander 4 July 1870 North West Territories report of Donald A Smith Report CIHM ICMH Microfiche series CIHM ICMH collection de microfiches no 18073 s n ISBN 9780665180736 via Hathi Trust Newman 1992 p 47 Newman 1992 p 5 Smith Sir Donald Alexander SMT887DA A Cambridge Alumni Database University of Cambridge No 26885 The London Gazette 24 August 1897 p 4725 No 25592 The London Gazette 29 May 1886 p 2634 No 26741 The London Gazette 20 May 1896 p 3054 No 27482 The London Gazette 14 October 1902 p 6493 No 27205 The London Gazette 26 June 1900 p 3963 Lord Strathcona at Aberdeen The Times No 36738 London 10 April 1902 p 11 No 27405 The London Gazette 11 February 1902 p 850 University intelligence The Times No 36704 London 1 March 1902 p 12 University intelligence The Times No 36893 London 8 October 1902 p 4 Freedom of City of Bath for Lord Strathcona The Daily Phoenix 14 July 1911 p 6 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 13 October 2014 Retrieved 7 October 2014 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link viu ca The Strathcona Trust and Physical Training in B C Public Schools Archived 30 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine archive org Executive Council of the Strathcona Trust Syllabus of physical exercises for schools a b Reford Alexander 1998 Smith Donald Alexander 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal In Cook Ramsay Hamelin Jean eds Dictionary of Canadian Biography Vol XIV 1911 1920 online ed University of Toronto Press Newman 1992 p 167 Morgan Henry James ed 1903 Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada Toronto Williams Briggs p 2 Dictionary of Canadian Biography Smith Donald Alexander 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal Abbott Maude E 4 July 1915 ObituariesLord Strathcona and Mount Royal August 6 1820 January 19 1914 Sir Jonathan Hutchinson F R C S F R S July 23 1828 June 23 1913 Charles Sedgwick Minot D S LL D D Sc December 23 1852 November 19 1914 CIHM ICMH collection de microfiches no 77966 Baltimore hdl 2027 aeu ark 13960 t71v6tz9r ISBN 9780665779664 Ottawa Citizen Recherche d archives de Google Actualites news google com Donald Alexander Smith Lord Strathcona 1820 1914 Memorable Manitobans Manitoba Historical Society Retrieved 30 November 2009 Scottish Place Names in Calgary Retrieved 30 November 2009 Strathcona Park Ottawa National Inventory of Military Memorials National Defence Canada 16 April 2008 Archived from the original on 21 May 2014 Builders Fund Transcona Historical Museum Archived from the original on 3 October 2014 Retrieved 24 November 2014 Smith Sir Donald CCA Hall of Fame ACC Temple de la Renommee Virtuelle Strathcona file Hudson s Bay Company Archives Winnipeg Manitoba Canada Greenwood John Orville 1986 Namesakes 1910 1919 p 87 Cleveland Freshwater Press Inc Mitchell s Marine Directory of the Great Lakes 1912 edition p 53 Green s Marine Directory of the Great Lakes 1915 edition p 80 Brookes Ivan S 1974 The Lower St Lawrence pp 33 282 Cleveland Freshwater Press Inc Brookes pp 40 285 Brookes p 56 References editNewman Peter C 1992 Merchant Princes Viking Bernard Kenneth March 1907 Lord Strathcona A Hudson s Bay Trader Who Has Won A High Place in the British Peerage The World s Work A History of Our Time XIII 8668 8678 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Donald Smith Works by or about Donald Smith 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal at Internet Archive Donald Smith 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal Parliament of Canada biography Sir Donald Alexander Smith Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal fonds Library and Archives Canada Grant William Lawson 1911 Strathcona and Mount Royal Donald Alexander Smith Baron In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 25 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 1000 1001 Photograph Sir Donald Smith Lord Strathcona in 1895 McCord Museum permanent dead link Photograph Sir Donald Smith Lord Strathcona in 1908 McCord Museum permanent dead link Photograph Mausoleum in the East Cemetery Highgate Cemetery in which Donald Alexander Smith lies Archived 5 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine Farr D M L 4 March 2015 20 January 2008 Donald Alexander Smith 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal The Canadian Encyclopedia online ed Historica Canada Parliament of CanadaPreceded byNone Member of Parliament from Selkirk1871 1880 Succeeded byThomas ScottPreceded byMatthew Hamilton Gault Member of Parliament from Montreal West1887 1896 Electoral district abolishedBusiness positionsPreceded byC F Smithers President of the Bank of Montreal1887 1905 Succeeded byGeorge Alexander DrummondPreceded byEden Colvile Governor of the Hudson s Bay Company1889 1914 Succeeded byThomas SkinnerDiplomatic postsPreceded byCharles Tupper Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom1896 1914 Succeeded byGeorge Halsey PerleyAcademic officesPreceded byJames Ferrier Chancellor of McGill University1889 1914 Succeeded byWilliam Christopher MacdonaldPreceded byMarquess of Huntly Rector of the University of Aberdeen1899 UnknownPeerage of the United KingdomNew creation Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal1897 1914 ExtinctBaron Strathcona and Mount Royal1900 1914 Succeeded byMargaret Howard Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Donald Smith 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal amp oldid 1194814298, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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