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Marischal College

February 10, 2023

Marischal College (/ˈmɑːrʃl/ MAR-shəl)[2] is a large granite building on Broad Street in the centre of Aberdeen in north-east Scotland, and since 2011 has acted as the headquarters of Aberdeen City Council. However, the building was constructed for and is on long-term lease from the University of Aberdeen, which still uses parts of the building to store its museum collections. Today, it provides corporate office space and public access to council services, adjacent to the Town House, the city's historic seat of local government. Many Aberdonians consider Marischal College to be an icon of the "Granite City" and to symbolise the zenith of Aberdeen's granite-working industry.

Marischal College
Panoramic of the building following restoration
General information
StatusCompleted
TypeCivic Building
Architectural styleGothic Revival architecture
AddressBroad Street, Aberdeen, AB10 1AB
Town or cityAberdeen
CountryScotland
Current tenantsAberdeen City Council
University of Aberdeen
Construction started1837
Renovated2011
ClientAberdeen City Council
OwnerUniversity of Aberdeen
LandlordUniversity of Aberdeen
Technical details
Floor count5
Floor area188,400 sq ft (17,500 m2)
Lifts/elevators6
Design and construction
Architect(s)Archibald Simpson (1837–44)
Robert Mathieson (1873)
W W Robertson (1888–89)
Alexander Marshall Mackenzie(1893–1906)
Renovating team
Architect(s)Holmes Partnership (2009–2011)
Renovating firmSafe Dem
Sir Robert McAlpine
Laing Traditional Masonry[1]
Structural engineerArup Scotland
Services engineerWallace Whittle
Listed Building – Category A
Designated12 January 1967
Reference no.LB20096
Marischal College from the rear, showing Mitchell Tower and Mitchell Hall
Detail of ornately carved granite pinnacles on the facade of Marischal College, following restoration

The construction of the modern college building began in 1835, following the demolition of previous buildings on the site, and was completed in its present form in the early 1900s.[3] It is the second largest granite building in the world.[4] Formerly the seat of the Marischal College and University of Aberdeen founded in 1593, the building was retained by the unified University of Aberdeen, which was created in 1860 by the merger of Marischal College and King's College. The buildings of Marischal College continued to be used for academic purposes until the mid-20th century and less and less until the early 2000s. During this period they were frequently rebuilt and expanded upon.

In the mid-to-late 20th century, teaching and academic activities at the university began to move to King's College or Foresterhill (for students of medicine) and by the early 21st century a new purpose for Marischal College was required. After a number of unsuccessful proposals, the majority of the building was leased to Aberdeen City Council to be restored and refurbished as office accommodation. The extensive renovation was completed on schedule and significantly under budget and the building opened to the public in June 2011.[5] The university has retained the Mitchell Hall and a number of other significant parts of the building for its own use, in addition to its museum stores (formerly the Marischal Museum).

History

 
Statue of king Robert the Bruce in front of Marischal College.

"Marischal College and University of Aberdeen" was the formal name of the former university which occupied the present Marischal College site. The College was founded in 1593 by George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal of Scotland. The original charter of the university was lost by the early 18th century, but two near-contemporary copies exist – one of which was accepted by the courts in 1756 as being authentic.[6][7] In this charter, Marischal College is described variously as a gymnasium, collegium (college), academia (academy) and universitas (university).[6]

Marischal was the second of Scotland's post-medieval "civic universities", following the University of Edinburgh, created without Papal bull and with a more modern structure and a greater resemblance to the Protestant arts colleges of continental Europe.[8] As such, both Edinburgh and Marischal came to be known as the "Town Colleges" of their respective cities. The university was founded with the expressed aim of training clergy for the post-Reformation Kirk.[6] Its Greek motto translates as "virtue is self-sufficient".

 
The plaque to Seabury's consecration
 
Bust of James Clerk Maxwell by Charles d'Orville Pilkington Jackson. Located in the Mitchell Hall of Marischal College

The College was constructed on the site of a medieval Franciscan friary, disused after the Reformation. This building was later replaced by a William Adam-designed building in the mid-18th century; however, this, together with the friary remains, were demolished entirely for the construction of the present building between 1835 and 1906, as was the Longacre home of Bishop John Skinner, site of the 1784 consecration of Samuel Seabury, now marked by a plaque on the east wall of the College's quadrangle.

James Clerk Maxwell FRS, FRSE (1831-1879), described as "the most famous and influential professor Aberdeen has ever had"[9] was appointed as Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1856 and continued in that post until the merger of Marischal College with Kings College.

The Mitchell Hall, where University of Aberdeen graduations previously took place, was built in the early 20th century. It is named after Dr Charles Mitchell, an alumnus of the university and a Tyneside shipbuilder. A large stained-glass window dominates the hall, executed by TR Spence of London and representing the university's history.[10]

The building was commended by poet John Betjeman following a visit to Aberdeen in 1947:

"No-one can dismiss Marischal College, Aberdeen, when looking at the work of the present century. Wedged behind a huge town hall in an expensive and attractive mid-Victorian baronial style, I saw a cluster of silver-white pinnacles. I turned down a lane towards them, the front broadened out. Oh! Bigger than any cathedral, tower on tower, forests of pinnacles, a group of palatial buildings rivalled only by the Houses of Parliament at Westminster.
"This was the famous Marischal College. Imagine the Victorian tower with a spire on top, and all that well-grouped architecture below of lesser towers, and lines of pinnacles executed in the hardest white Kemnay granite and looking out over the grey-green North Sea and you have some idea of the first impression this gigantic building creates.
"It rises on top of a simple Gothic one designed by Simpson in 1840. But all these spires and towers and pinnacles are the work of this century and were designed by Sir Alexander Marshall Mackenzie. You have to see them to believe them."[11]

There is an urban legend of unknown origin that Marischal College was Adolf Hitler's favourite building in the United Kingdom and that he would have liked to use it as a residence if the outcome of the Second World War had been different.[12]

University of Aberdeen

The University of Aberdeen was created after the merger of Marischal College and King's College, Aberdeen in 1860 under the terms of the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858.

The following extract refers to this merger:[13]

Universities of Kings College and Marischal College, Aberdeen. First Report of the Commissioners, 1838. 1837–38. Vol. XXXIII, 75p. [123] Chairman: Lord John Cunninghame.

The commissioners were in favour of a merger of the two colleges despite opposition from Kings College. They considered the unification as essential for the educational system of Northern Scotland although they disagreed with the proposed method of merger laid down by the last commission. The buildings of Marischal College were in very bad repair but new ones were under construction. Additions had been made in 1827 to Kings College buildings which were in a tolerable state of repair.

Throughout the 20th century, Marischall college housed all sciences and medicine. Since about 1960, the college housed the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Medical school.

The building standing today, which replaced a number of older structures, was constructed between 1837 and 1844 by Aberdeen architect Archibald Simpson. This 1837 building formed a U-shaped quadrangle, with a small entrance via an archway amidst unrelated housing on the west side. The building was substantially extended between 1893 and 1905 by Alexander Marshall Mackenzie, and with its new "granite cage" front, enclosing the quadrangle, it became the second-largest granite building in the world (exceeded only by the Escorial Palace near Madrid).[14]

Renovation as Aberdeen City Council Headquarters

 
Prior to restoration
 
After restoration
Marischal College before and after restoration

For many years, much of the building was derelict as university departments had moved to King's College or Foresterhill years or decades before. Up to 2009, the only parts of the college building chiefly used by the university were the Mitchell Hall (for graduations, concerts and other events), the Marischal Museum, and the Anatomy department, which was used for 1st year medical students until March 2009. It was also home to the University's debating chamber.

In 2006 plans were announced for the renovation of the college as new administrative headquarters for the Council to replace the ageing St. Nicholas House across the street.[15] The University leased the Marischal College site to Aberdeen City Council for 175 years in exchange for £4.7 million.[15] Work began in 2009 and the newly refurbished Marischal College was opened in summer 2011. The derelict internal spaces were completely demolished and replaced with a new internal structure which matched exactly to the existing walls and windows. The renovations restored the granite exterior, ornamentation and detailing to their original glory, and provided new public space for citizens accessing council services and state-of-the-art offices for council workers. The Council Chamber and democratic processes continue to be located at the Town House next door. The university retained the north wing comprising the Mitchell Hall, debating chamber and associated rooms, although as of May 2012 these are not yet open for use. In Spring 2011, the city erected outside Marischal College a statue of King Robert the Bruce on horseback, holding up a charter.[16] Outside the College there is a large modern fountain, known as the "dancing fountain" for its alternating patterns.[17] The fountain was briefly shut in 2019 due to high levels of bromine, but has since been turned back on.

Greyfriars Church

Amongst the buildings demolished to make way for the new frontage of Marischal College at the turn of the 20th century, was the Greyfriars collegiate church, built in 1532 and incorporated as part of the College in 1593. Following a dispute regarding the conservation of this church, a new church building was constructed within the Marischal College complex. It is incorporated into the College frontage, which includes the southern tower, notable for being surmounted with a spire.[18]

 
The southern tower of the Marischal College frontage – the spire of Greyfriars Church, Alexander Marshall Mackenzie, 1903

Following a merger, this church was later to become known as Greyfriars John Knox Church.[19] The building is currently unused and is being offered for sale by the Church of Scotland for commercial or residential use.[20]

Alumni

Notable alumni of Marischal College include:
(See University of Aberdeen[21] for eminent scientists, Fellows of the Royal Society, who have worked at Marishal College.) see https://www.abdn.ac.uk/alumni/blog/fellows-of-the-royal-society-from-the-university/

Principals

In 1860 the college merged with King's College, Aberdeen to create the University of Aberdeen.

Other notable academics

See also

References

  1. ^ "Laing Traditional Masonry" (JPG). Marischal College – Aberdeen City. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  2. ^ Pointon, Graham, ed. (1990). BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names (2nd ed.). Oxford: The University Press. ISBN 0-19-282745-6.
  3. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Broad Street, Marischal College (Category A Listed Building) (LB20096)". Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  4. ^ How we built Britain by David Dimbleby
  5. ^ "Council moves into Marischal College". BBC News. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  6. ^ a b c "University Charter". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 11 (2): 145–158. JSTOR 530957.
  7. ^ Skene v. Duff
  8. ^ Steven John Reid (2007). "Aberdeen's 'Toun College': Marischal College, 1593–1623". The Innes Review. 58 (2): 173–195. doi:10.3366/E0020157X07000054. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  9. ^ "The Scientific Tourist at Marischal College" (PDF). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  10. ^ "Mitchell Hall". University of Aberdeen. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  11. ^ . Aberdeen City Council. Archived from the original on 17 November 2008.
  12. ^ [1] 20 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Haythornthwaite, J.A.: Scotland in the 19th Century; hosted by Strathclyde University, pub. 1993. Gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk.
  14. ^ "About Marischal College". University of Aberdeen website. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  15. ^ a b "University and Aberdeen City Council mark handover of Marischal College". University of Aberdeen. 28 February 2006. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  16. ^ "New Robert the Bruce statue unveiled in Aberdeen". BBC News. 9 May 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  17. ^ "Aberdeen fountains switched off due to high chemical levels". BBC News. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  18. ^ The Church of Scotland (14 May 2010). (PDF). The Church of Scotland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2010.
    • . Church of Scotland. 29 December 2010. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010.
  19. ^ . Presbaberdeen.org.uk. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  20. ^ [2] 8 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "Fellows of the Royal Society from the University | Blog | Alumni Relations | The University of Aberdeen". www.abdn.ac.uk.
  22. ^ Br Med J 1904; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.2294.1671 (Published 17 December 1904)

External links

  •   Media related to Marischal College at Wikimedia Commons
  • e-Architect coverage of Marischal College Redevelopment
  • The University of Aberdeen

Coordinates: 57°08′58″N 2°05′47″W / 57.1495°N 2.0964°W / 57.1495; -2.0964

February 10, 2023
marischal, college, ɑː, shəl, large, granite, building, broad, street, centre, aberdeen, north, east, scotland, since, 2011, acted, headquarters, aberdeen, city, council, however, building, constructed, long, term, lease, from, university, aberdeen, which, sti. Marischal College ˈ m ɑː r ʃ l MAR shel 2 is a large granite building on Broad Street in the centre of Aberdeen in north east Scotland and since 2011 has acted as the headquarters of Aberdeen City Council However the building was constructed for and is on long term lease from the University of Aberdeen which still uses parts of the building to store its museum collections Today it provides corporate office space and public access to council services adjacent to the Town House the city s historic seat of local government Many Aberdonians consider Marischal College to be an icon of the Granite City and to symbolise the zenith of Aberdeen s granite working industry Marischal CollegePanoramic of the building following restorationGeneral informationStatusCompletedTypeCivic BuildingArchitectural styleGothic Revival architectureAddressBroad Street Aberdeen AB10 1ABTown or cityAberdeenCountryScotlandCurrent tenantsAberdeen City Council University of AberdeenConstruction started1837Renovated2011ClientAberdeen City CouncilOwnerUniversity of AberdeenLandlordUniversity of AberdeenTechnical detailsFloor count5Floor area188 400 sq ft 17 500 m2 Lifts elevators6Design and constructionArchitect s Archibald Simpson 1837 44 Robert Mathieson 1873 W W Robertson 1888 89 Alexander Marshall Mackenzie 1893 1906 Renovating teamArchitect s Holmes Partnership 2009 2011 Renovating firmSafe DemSir Robert McAlpineLaing Traditional Masonry 1 Structural engineerArup ScotlandServices engineerWallace WhittleListed Building Category ADesignated12 January 1967Reference no LB20096Marischal College from the rear showing Mitchell Tower and Mitchell Hall Detail of ornately carved granite pinnacles on the facade of Marischal College following restoration The construction of the modern college building began in 1835 following the demolition of previous buildings on the site and was completed in its present form in the early 1900s 3 It is the second largest granite building in the world 4 Formerly the seat of the Marischal College and University of Aberdeen founded in 1593 the building was retained by the unified University of Aberdeen which was created in 1860 by the merger of Marischal College and King s College The buildings of Marischal College continued to be used for academic purposes until the mid 20th century and less and less until the early 2000s During this period they were frequently rebuilt and expanded upon In the mid to late 20th century teaching and academic activities at the university began to move to King s College or Foresterhill for students of medicine and by the early 21st century a new purpose for Marischal College was required After a number of unsuccessful proposals the majority of the building was leased to Aberdeen City Council to be restored and refurbished as office accommodation The extensive renovation was completed on schedule and significantly under budget and the building opened to the public in June 2011 5 The university has retained the Mitchell Hall and a number of other significant parts of the building for its own use in addition to its museum stores formerly the Marischal Museum Contents 1 History 2 University of Aberdeen 3 Renovation as Aberdeen City Council Headquarters 4 Greyfriars Church 5 Alumni 6 Principals 7 Other notable academics 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksHistory Edit Statue of king Robert the Bruce in front of Marischal College Marischal College and University of Aberdeen was the formal name of the former university which occupied the present Marischal College site The College was founded in 1593 by George Keith 5th Earl Marischal of Scotland The original charter of the university was lost by the early 18th century but two near contemporary copies exist one of which was accepted by the courts in 1756 as being authentic 6 7 In this charter Marischal College is described variously as a gymnasium collegium college academia academy and universitas university 6 Marischal was the second of Scotland s post medieval civic universities following the University of Edinburgh created without Papal bull and with a more modern structure and a greater resemblance to the Protestant arts colleges of continental Europe 8 As such both Edinburgh and Marischal came to be known as the Town Colleges of their respective cities The university was founded with the expressed aim of training clergy for the post Reformation Kirk 6 Its Greek motto translates as virtue is self sufficient The plaque to Seabury s consecration Bust of James Clerk Maxwell by Charles d Orville Pilkington Jackson Located in the Mitchell Hall of Marischal College The College was constructed on the site of a medieval Franciscan friary disused after the Reformation This building was later replaced by a William Adam designed building in the mid 18th century however this together with the friary remains were demolished entirely for the construction of the present building between 1835 and 1906 as was the Longacre home of Bishop John Skinner site of the 1784 consecration of Samuel Seabury now marked by a plaque on the east wall of the College s quadrangle James Clerk Maxwell FRS FRSE 1831 1879 described as the most famous and influential professor Aberdeen has ever had 9 was appointed as Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1856 and continued in that post until the merger of Marischal College with Kings College The Mitchell Hall where University of Aberdeen graduations previously took place was built in the early 20th century It is named after Dr Charles Mitchell an alumnus of the university and a Tyneside shipbuilder A large stained glass window dominates the hall executed by TR Spence of London and representing the university s history 10 The building was commended by poet John Betjeman following a visit to Aberdeen in 1947 No one can dismiss Marischal College Aberdeen when looking at the work of the present century Wedged behind a huge town hall in an expensive and attractive mid Victorian baronial style I saw a cluster of silver white pinnacles I turned down a lane towards them the front broadened out Oh Bigger than any cathedral tower on tower forests of pinnacles a group of palatial buildings rivalled only by the Houses of Parliament at Westminster This was the famous Marischal College Imagine the Victorian tower with a spire on top and all that well grouped architecture below of lesser towers and lines of pinnacles executed in the hardest white Kemnay granite and looking out over the grey green North Sea and you have some idea of the first impression this gigantic building creates It rises on top of a simple Gothic one designed by Simpson in 1840 But all these spires and towers and pinnacles are the work of this century and were designed by Sir Alexander Marshall Mackenzie You have to see them to believe them 11 There is an urban legend of unknown origin that Marischal College was Adolf Hitler s favourite building in the United Kingdom and that he would have liked to use it as a residence if the outcome of the Second World War had been different 12 University of Aberdeen EditThe University of Aberdeen was created after the merger of Marischal College and King s College Aberdeen in 1860 under the terms of the Universities Scotland Act 1858 The following extract refers to this merger 13 Universities of Kings College and Marischal College Aberdeen First Report of the Commissioners 1838 1837 38 Vol XXXIII 75p 123 Chairman Lord John Cunninghame The commissioners were in favour of a merger of the two colleges despite opposition from Kings College They considered the unification as essential for the educational system of Northern Scotland although they disagreed with the proposed method of merger laid down by the last commission The buildings of Marischal College were in very bad repair but new ones were under construction Additions had been made in 1827 to Kings College buildings which were in a tolerable state of repair Throughout the 20th century Marischall college housed all sciences and medicine Since about 1960 the college housed the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Medical school The building standing today which replaced a number of older structures was constructed between 1837 and 1844 by Aberdeen architect Archibald Simpson This 1837 building formed a U shaped quadrangle with a small entrance via an archway amidst unrelated housing on the west side The building was substantially extended between 1893 and 1905 by Alexander Marshall Mackenzie and with its new granite cage front enclosing the quadrangle it became the second largest granite building in the world exceeded only by the Escorial Palace near Madrid 14 Renovation as Aberdeen City Council Headquarters Edit Prior to restoration After restorationMarischal College before and after restorationFor many years much of the building was derelict as university departments had moved to King s College or Foresterhill years or decades before Up to 2009 the only parts of the college building chiefly used by the university were the Mitchell Hall for graduations concerts and other events the Marischal Museum and the Anatomy department which was used for 1st year medical students until March 2009 It was also home to the University s debating chamber In 2006 plans were announced for the renovation of the college as new administrative headquarters for the Council to replace the ageing St Nicholas House across the street 15 The University leased the Marischal College site to Aberdeen City Council for 175 years in exchange for 4 7 million 15 Work began in 2009 and the newly refurbished Marischal College was opened in summer 2011 The derelict internal spaces were completely demolished and replaced with a new internal structure which matched exactly to the existing walls and windows The renovations restored the granite exterior ornamentation and detailing to their original glory and provided new public space for citizens accessing council services and state of the art offices for council workers The Council Chamber and democratic processes continue to be located at the Town House next door The university retained the north wing comprising the Mitchell Hall debating chamber and associated rooms although as of May 2012 these are not yet open for use In Spring 2011 the city erected outside Marischal College a statue of King Robert the Bruce on horseback holding up a charter 16 Outside the College there is a large modern fountain known as the dancing fountain for its alternating patterns 17 The fountain was briefly shut in 2019 due to high levels of bromine but has since been turned back on Greyfriars Church EditAmongst the buildings demolished to make way for the new frontage of Marischal College at the turn of the 20th century was the Greyfriars collegiate church built in 1532 and incorporated as part of the College in 1593 Following a dispute regarding the conservation of this church a new church building was constructed within the Marischal College complex It is incorporated into the College frontage which includes the southern tower notable for being surmounted with a spire 18 The southern tower of the Marischal College frontage the spire of Greyfriars Church Alexander Marshall Mackenzie 1903 Following a merger this church was later to become known as Greyfriars John Knox Church 19 The building is currently unused and is being offered for sale by the Church of Scotland for commercial or residential use 20 Alumni EditNotable alumni of Marischal College include See University of Aberdeen 21 for eminent scientists Fellows of the Royal Society who have worked at Marishal College see https www abdn ac uk alumni blog fellows of the royal society from the university Alexander Bain 1818 1903 philosopher educationalist Professor of Logic and Lord Rector of University of Aberdeen James Blair 1656 1743 clergyman founder of College of William and Mary Robert Brown 1773 1858 botanist discoverer of Brownian Motion James Burnett Lord Monboddo 1714 99 jurist philosopher linguist thinker on evolution Patrick Copland 1749 1822 Robert Davidson 1804 1894 Pioneer and inventor of first electric locomotive 1837 Charles D F Phillips 1830 1904 was a British medical doctor and author 22 Sir William Duff Gibbon 1837 1919 Ceylonese tea planter and politician Sir David Gill 1843 1914 astrophotographer James Gregory 1638 1675 Scottish mathematician and astronomer Cosmo Gordon 1736 1800 MP co founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh twice Rector of the College Robert Hunter 1823 1897 missionary geologist and editor of Encyclopaedic Dictionary Alexander Keith Church of Scotland theologian Nathaniel Lardner 1684 1768 English theologian Sir John Mowlem Burt contractor Sir James Outram 1st Baronet General hero of the Indian Revolt of 1857 buried in Westminster Abbey William Pargeter 1760 1810 medical doctor who wrote about mental illness Sir Alexander Ogston Scottish surgeon discoverer of Staphylococcus aureus Rev John Skinner 1721 1807 poet historian and ecclesiastic William Trail 1746 1831 mathematician Principals EditRobert Howie from 1593 to 1598 Gilbert Gray 1598 to 1614 Andrew Adie 1616 to 1619 Rev Dr William Forbes 1620 21 Patrick Dun 1621 to 1649 William Moir 1649 to 1661 James Leslie 1661 to 1678 Robert Paterson 1678 to 1717 Thomas Blackwell 1717 to 1728 John Osborne 1728 to 1748 Thomas Blackwell son 1748 to 1757 Robert Pollock 1757 to 1759 George Campbell 1758 to 1796 William Laurence Brown 1796 to 1830 Daniel Dewar 1832 to 1860In 1860 the college merged with King s College Aberdeen to create the University of Aberdeen Other notable academics EditRobert Barron minister Professor of DivinitySee also EditList of early modern universities in EuropeReferences Edit Laing Traditional Masonry JPG Marischal College Aberdeen City Retrieved 27 August 2013 Pointon Graham ed 1990 BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names 2nd ed Oxford The University Press ISBN 0 19 282745 6 Historic Environment Scotland Broad Street Marischal College Category A Listed Building LB20096 Retrieved 28 March 2019 How we built Britain by David Dimbleby Council moves into Marischal College BBC News 21 June 2011 Retrieved 28 June 2014 a b c University Charter Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 11 2 145 158 JSTOR 530957 Skene v Duff Steven John Reid 2007 Aberdeen s Toun College Marischal College 1593 1623 The Innes Review 58 2 173 195 doi 10 3366 E0020157X07000054 Retrieved 4 February 2016 The Scientific Tourist at Marischal College PDF University of Aberdeen Retrieved 4 June 2017 Mitchell Hall University of Aberdeen Retrieved 28 June 2014 Marischal College Heritage Aberdeen City Council Archived from the original on 17 November 2008 1 Archived 20 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine Haythornthwaite J A Scotland in the 19th Century hosted by Strathclyde University pub 1993 Gdl cdlr strath ac uk About Marischal College University of Aberdeen website Retrieved 28 June 2014 a b University and Aberdeen City Council mark handover of Marischal College University of Aberdeen 28 February 2006 Retrieved 28 June 2014 New Robert the Bruce statue unveiled in Aberdeen BBC News 9 May 2011 Retrieved 28 June 2014 Aberdeen fountains switched off due to high chemical levels BBC News 21 October 2019 Retrieved 28 July 2021 The Church of Scotland 14 May 2010 Stone built church Greyfriars John Knox Queen Street Aberdeen PDF The Church of Scotland Archived from the original PDF on 5 December 2010 Properties for sale Church of Scotland 29 December 2010 Archived from the original on 29 December 2010 Presbaberdeen org uk Presbaberdeen org uk Archived from the original on 5 March 2012 Retrieved 4 February 2016 2 Archived 8 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine Fellows of the Royal Society from the University Blog Alumni Relations The University of Aberdeen www abdn ac uk Br Med J 1904 2 doi https doi org 10 1136 bmj 2 2294 1671 Published 17 December 1904 External links Edit Media related to Marischal College at Wikimedia Commons e Architect coverage of Marischal College Redevelopment The Marischal Museum The University of AberdeenCoordinates 57 08 58 N 2 05 47 W 57 1495 N 2 0964 W 57 1495 2 0964 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marischal College amp oldid 1136198341, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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