Doctrina Chriſtiana, en lengua eſpan¨ola y tagala, corregida por los Religiosos de las ordenes Impreſſa con licencia, en S. Gabriel de la Orden de S. Domĩgo. En Manila, 1593.
In English:
Christian Doctrine in Spanish Language And Tagalog, corrected by the monks of the Orders. Printed with licence in Saint Gabriel of the Order of Saint Dominic. In Manila, 1593.
In Tagalog (Filipino):
Ang Doktrina Kristiyana sa Wikang Kastila at Tagalog, kasama ang tamang Patakaran para sa Relihiyoso ng mga Orden. Inilimbag nang may Lisensya sa San Gabriel ng Orden ni Santo Domingo. Sa Maynila, 1593.
There is some controversy about which of the versions is the first printed book in Spanish Philippines, with some scholars believing that the Chinese-language version titled Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua China, compuesta por los padres ministros de los Sangleyes, de la Orden de Sancto Domingo. Con licencia, por Keng yong, China, en el parian de Manila[2] (simplified Chinese: 新刻僧师高母羡撰无极天主正教真传实录; traditional Chinese: 新刻僧師高母羡撰無極天主正教真傳實錄; Wade–Giles: Hsin1k'o4 Seng1shih1Kao1mu3 Hsien4-chuan4 Wu2chi2T'ien1chu3 Cheng4chiao4 Chen1ch'uan2 Shih2lu4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-khiak Seng-su Kobó Soān Choān Bô-ke̍k Thian-chí Chèng-kàu Chin-thoān Si̍t-lio̍k; lit. 'A Printed Edition of The True Faith in The InfiniteGod, by Fr. Juan Cobo, O.P.[3]') by Fray Miguel de Benavides, OP, was printed between 1590 and 1592 by the Chinese printer Keng Yong in Manila before the Spanish and Tagalog versions.
“Sire, in the name of Your Majesty, I have for this once, because of the existing great need, granted a license for the printing of the Doctrinas Christianas, herewith enclosed—one in the Tagalog language, which is the native and best of these islands, and the other in Chinese—from which I hope great benefits will result in the conversion and instruction of the peoples of both nations; and because the lands of the Indies are on a larger scale in everything and things more expensive, I have set the price of them at four reales a piece, until Your Majesty is pleased to decree in full what is to be done.”[4]
Missionary fathers placed the Doctrina among the books necessary to have in print in foreign lands. As such, the Filipino book is similar to one printed in Mexico in 1539 in Spanish and local Mexican vernacular, followed by Saint Francis Xavier’s Doutrina Christão in Malay printed by the Jesuit press at Goa in 1557. Another Doctrina was printed in Spanish and the native languages at Lima in 1584.
Extant print copies
Apart from the copy in the Library of Congress in Washington, DC, there are no other known copies in existence today. Both the quality of the paper, age, natural agents and disasters such as earthquakes and fires all contributed to the disappearance of most printed copies. The only known existing copies of early Philippine books are those sent to Europe during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, which may lie uncatalogued in some library.
Such was the case for the copy sent to Philip II of Spain by the Governor-General Dasmariñas in 1593. This is believed to be the same copy that reappeared in 1946 in the possession of a Parisian bookseller and collector who specialised in Pacific imprints. William H. Schab, a New York City dealer, purchased the book and took it to the United States, where he resold it to Lessing J. Rosenwald, who in turn presented it to the Library of Congress where it remains today. The only known surviving copy of the Chinese version is stored at the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid.
Contents
The title literally means “The Teachings of Christianity”, and thus the primary goal of the book was to propagate Christian teaching across the Philippine archipelago. The book consists of 38 leaves and 74 pages of text in Spanish, Tagalog transliterated into roman letters, and Tagalog in its original Tagalog Baybayin (Sulat Tagalog) script, under a woodcut of Saint Dominic, with the verso originally blank, although in contemporary versions bears the manuscript inscription, "Tassada en dos reales", signed Juan de Cuellar.
The book was printed on paper made from mulberry.[5] The size of the volume, which is unbound, is 9⅛ by 7 inches, although individual leaves vary somewhat due to chipping. Some of the leaves have become separated from their complements, but enough remain in the original stitching to indicate that the book was originally made up in four gatherings, the first of twelve leaves, the second of ten, the third of ten, and the fourth of six. Although the book is of the size called quarto, the method of printing must have been page by page, so it is doubtful that each sheet was folded twice in the usual quarto manner, but more probable that it was printed four pages to a sheet of paper approximately 9⅛ by 14 inches, which was folded once.
The volume was printed using the xylographic technique, printing each page of text from one hand carved woodblock. Vertical lines long the inner margins of some pages were made by the inked edge of the block, and the grain of the wood appears as striations throughout the printed areas.
^Cobo, O.P., Juan (1951). Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua China compuesta por los padres ministros de los Sangleyes, de la Orden de Sancto Domingo :: Collection 7 - Dominicans and UST(PDF). Manila: UST Press. p. 259. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
^"CHINESE, MANDARIN ( Mandarin, Guanhua, Beifang Fangyan, Northern Chinese, Guoyu )". Christus Rex, Inc. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
^Retana, Wenceslao (1894). La Politica de España en Filipinas, No. 97. Manila.
^Pardo De Tavera, Trinidad (1893). Noticias sobre La Imprenta y el Grabado en Filipinas. Madrid. pp. 9–10.
External links
Full text of Doctrina Christiana at Project Gutenberg
available at Filipiniana.net
Doctrina Christiana From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress
January 21, 2023
doctrina, christiana, confused, with, doctrina, christiana, milton, english, christian, doctrine, early, book, catechism, catholic, church, written, 1593, fray, juan, plasencia, believed, earliest, printed, books, philippines, cover, featuring, saint, dominic,. Not to be confused with De doctrina christiana or De Doctrina Christiana Milton The Doctrina Christiana English Christian Doctrine was an early book on the catechism of the Catholic Church written in 1593 by Fray Juan de Plasencia and is believed to be one of the earliest printed books in the Philippines 1 Doctrina ChristianaCover of the Doctrina Christiana featuring Saint Dominic with the book s full title Woodcut c 1590 CountryCaptaincy General of the PhilippinesSubjectCatholic catechismGenreReligionPublication dateLate 16th century Contents 1 Title 2 History 2 1 Extant print copies 3 Contents 4 Characteristics 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksTitle EditSpanish title Doctrina Chriſtiana en lengua eſpan ola y tagala corregida por los Religiosos de las ordenes Impreſſa con licencia en S Gabriel de la Orden de S Domĩgo En Manila 1593 In English Christian Doctrine in Spanish Language And Tagalog corrected by the monks of the Orders Printed with licence in Saint Gabriel of the Order of Saint Dominic In Manila 1593 In Tagalog Filipino Ang Doktrina Kristiyana sa Wikang Kastila at Tagalog kasama ang tamang Patakaran para sa Relihiyoso ng mga Orden Inilimbag nang may Lisensya sa San Gabriel ng Orden ni Santo Domingo Sa Maynila 1593 History Edit First page of Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china by Juan Cobo in Classical Chinese based on Hokkien used by Sangleys in Spanish Colonial Philippines There is some controversy about which of the versions is the first printed book in Spanish Philippines with some scholars believing that the Chinese language version titled Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua China compuesta por los padres ministros de los Sangleyes de la Orden de Sancto Domingo Con licencia por Keng yong China en el parian de Manila 2 simplified Chinese 新刻僧师高母羡撰无极天主正教真传实录 traditional Chinese 新刻僧師高母羡撰無極天主正教真傳實錄 Wade Giles Hsin1k o4 Seng1shih1 Kao1mu3 Hsien4 chuan4 Wu2chi2 T ien1chu3 Cheng4chiao4 Chen1ch uan2 Shih2lu4 Pe h ōe ji Sin khiak Seng su Kobo Soan Choan Bo ke k Thian chi Cheng kau Chin thoan Si t lio k lit A Printed Edition of The True Faith in The Infinite God by Fr Juan Cobo O P 3 by Fray Miguel de Benavides OP was printed between 1590 and 1592 by the Chinese printer Keng Yong in Manila before the Spanish and Tagalog versions One of the earliest references to both versions comes from Gomez Perez Dasmarinas the seventh Spanish Governor General of the Philippines who wrote a letter to Philip II of Spain on June 20 1593 that read Sire in the name of Your Majesty I have for this once because of the existing great need granted a license for the printing of the Doctrinas Christianas herewith enclosed one in the Tagalog language which is the native and best of these islands and the other in Chinese from which I hope great benefits will result in the conversion and instruction of the peoples of both nations and because the lands of the Indies are on a larger scale in everything and things more expensive I have set the price of them at four reales a piece until Your Majesty is pleased to decree in full what is to be done 4 Missionary fathers placed the Doctrina among the books necessary to have in print in foreign lands As such the Filipino book is similar to one printed in Mexico in 1539 in Spanish and local Mexican vernacular followed by Saint Francis Xavier s Doutrina Christao in Malay printed by the Jesuit press at Goa in 1557 Another Doctrina was printed in Spanish and the native languages at Lima in 1584 Extant print copies Edit Apart from the copy in the Library of Congress in Washington DC there are no other known copies in existence today Both the quality of the paper age natural agents and disasters such as earthquakes and fires all contributed to the disappearance of most printed copies The only known existing copies of early Philippine books are those sent to Europe during the 16th 17th and 18th centuries which may lie uncatalogued in some library Such was the case for the copy sent to Philip II of Spain by the Governor General Dasmarinas in 1593 This is believed to be the same copy that reappeared in 1946 in the possession of a Parisian bookseller and collector who specialised in Pacific imprints William H Schab a New York City dealer purchased the book and took it to the United States where he resold it to Lessing J Rosenwald who in turn presented it to the Library of Congress where it remains today The only known surviving copy of the Chinese version is stored at the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid Contents EditThe title literally means The Teachings of Christianity and thus the primary goal of the book was to propagate Christian teaching across the Philippine archipelago The book consists of 38 leaves and 74 pages of text in Spanish Tagalog transliterated into roman letters and Tagalog in its original Tagalog Baybayin Sulat Tagalog script under a woodcut of Saint Dominic with the verso originally blank although in contemporary versions bears the manuscript inscription Tassada en dos reales signed Juan de Cuellar After a syllabary comes the basic prayers the Lord s Prayer Hail Mary Credo and the Salve Regina Following these are Articles of Faith the Ten Commandments Commandments of the Holy Church Sacraments of the Holy Church Seven Mortal Sins Fourteen Works of Charity the Confiteor and a brief Catechism Characteristics EditThe book was printed on paper made from mulberry 5 The size of the volume which is unbound is 9 by 7 inches although individual leaves vary somewhat due to chipping Some of the leaves have become separated from their complements but enough remain in the original stitching to indicate that the book was originally made up in four gatherings the first of twelve leaves the second of ten the third of ten and the fourth of six Although the book is of the size called quarto the method of printing must have been page by page so it is doubtful that each sheet was folded twice in the usual quarto manner but more probable that it was printed four pages to a sheet of paper approximately 9 by 14 inches which was folded once The volume was printed using the xylographic technique printing each page of text from one hand carved woodblock Vertical lines long the inner margins of some pages were made by the inked edge of the block and the grain of the wood appears as striations throughout the printed areas See also EditCatechism for Filipino Catholics the 20th century successor to the Doctrina Christiana Christianity in the Philippines Roman Catholicism in the PhilippinesReferences Edit Lessing J Rosenwald Lessing J Rosenwald Collection Library of Congress World Digital Library Retrieved November 28 2010 Cobo O P Juan 1951 Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua China compuesta por los padres ministros de los Sangleyes de la Orden de Sancto Domingo Collection 7 Dominicans and UST PDF Manila UST Press p 259 Retrieved April 6 2020 CHINESE MANDARIN Mandarin Guanhua Beifang Fangyan Northern Chinese Guoyu Christus Rex Inc Archived from the original on October 4 2013 Retrieved August 2 2021 Retana Wenceslao 1894 La Politica de Espana en Filipinas No 97 Manila Pardo De Tavera Trinidad 1893 Noticias sobre La Imprenta y el Grabado en Filipinas Madrid pp 9 10 External links EditFull text of Doctrina Christiana at Project Gutenberg Doctrina Christiana The First Book Printed in the Philippines available at Filipiniana net Doctrina Christiana From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Doctrina Christiana amp oldid 1116314476, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
