Diospyros melanoxylon, the Coromandel ebony or East Indian ebony, is a species of floweringtree in the family Ebenaceae native to India and Sri Lanka; it has a hard, dry bark. Its common name derives from Coromandel, the coast of southeastern India. Locally it is known as temburini or by its Hindi name tendu. In Odisha, Jharkhand, and Assam, it is known as kendu. In Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana it is known as tuniki. [3] The leaves can be wrapped around tobacco to create the Indian beedi,[4] which has outsold conventional cigarettes in India.[5] The olive-green fruit of the tree is edible.[6]
Little Tendu Tree of Purulia, West Bengal, IndiaTendu patta (leaf) collection
The leaf of the tree contains valuable flavones.[7] The pentacyclic triterpenes found in the leaves possess antimicrobial properties,[8] while the bark shows antihyperglycemic activity.[9] The bark of four Diospyros species found in India has been determined to have significant antiplasmodial effects against Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria in humans.[10]
Method of collectionedit
Tendu leaves are used as a wrapper for beedi. During the summer, fresh leaves are produced by the suckers that emerge from the soil. This is also enhanced by lighting a fire beneath the Tendu tree. The fresh leaves are hand-picked by the tribals and dried in the sun for 10 days. This practice is seen in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Chhattisgarh states of India. The State Government gives the license for collection and processing of the tendu leaves through tender every year.[11]
Culture and mythologyedit
Tendu, also known as Tiril, and Kendu has cultural and mythological reference as well. According to the Munda people, during the ancient Sengael Deaah (an event of raining fire) their predecessors took shelter in the tree hollow of the Tiril tree. Tiril(tendu) tree is considered not easily flammable. A tree hollow in the tiril tree is a usual sight as the tribes strike the trunk with big stones in order to make the ripened fruit fall. This repeated striking over time makes a hole in the tree.
Due to the non-flammable nature of the tree, after the plantation of paddy, the tribes plant a branch of it in the field in order to protect the crop from any events of Sengael Deaah in the future.[12]
Tendu tree is also used in making hockey sticks by the adivasis of Jharkhand and Odisha. A young and straight branch of the tree is heated in fire and slowly shaped into the curves of a hockey stick.
Many villages have been named after the location and presence of the tree in the neighbourhood. These include - Tiril Posi, Tiril, Tiril Haatu, Kenduda('Tendu' is also known as 'Kendu' in the South Chotanagpur region) in Jharkhand and the Kendhujhar district in Odisha
Varietiesedit
There is one named variety of this species, Diospyros melanoxylon var. tupru.[13]
^Lal, Pranay (25 May 2009). "Bidi – A short history" (PDF). Current Science. Bangalore, India: Current Science Association. 96 (10): 1335–1337. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
^"...bidis command 48 percent of the market while chewing tobacco commands 38 percent and cigarettes 14 percent..." 6 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, "The Tax Treatment of Bidis", tobaccofreeunion.org
^NEW FLAVONOIDS FROM THE LEAVES OF DIOSPYROS MELANOXYLON, Uppuluri V. Mallavadhani and Anita Mahapatra
^Antimicrobial Activity of Some Pentacyclic Triterpenes and Their Synthesized 3-O-Lipophilic Chains, Uppuluri Venkata MALLAVADHANI,*, a Anita MAHAPATRA, a Kaiser JAMIL, b and Peddi Srinivasa REDDY, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27(10) 1576—1579 (2004) Vol. 27, No. 10
^Antihyperglycemic effect of Diospyros melanoxylon (Roxb.) bark against Alloxan-induced diabetic rats Jadhav J. K*.Masirkar V. J., Deshmukh V. N.International Journal of PharmTech Research. CODEN( USA): IJPRIF ISSN 0974-4304, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 196–200, April–June 2009
^Investigation of Indian Diospyros Species for Antiplasmodial Properties, V. S. Satyanarayana Kantamreddi and Colin W. Wright. eCAM 2008;5(2)187–190
^(PDF). mahaforest.nic.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
^"Clipping of Prabhat Khabar - RANCHI - City". epaper.prabhatkhabar.com. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
diospyros, melanoxylon, coromandel, ebony, east, indian, ebony, species, flowering, tree, family, ebenaceae, native, india, lanka, hard, bark, common, name, derives, from, coromandel, coast, southeastern, india, locally, known, temburini, hindi, name, tendu, o. Diospyros melanoxylon the Coromandel ebony or East Indian ebony is a species of flowering tree in the family Ebenaceae native to India and Sri Lanka it has a hard dry bark Its common name derives from Coromandel the coast of southeastern India Locally it is known as temburini or by its Hindi name tendu In Odisha Jharkhand and Assam it is known as kendu In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana it is known as tuniki 3 The leaves can be wrapped around tobacco to create the Indian beedi 4 which has outsold conventional cigarettes in India 5 The olive green fruit of the tree is edible 6 Coromandel ebonyBark of the Coromandel ebonyScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder EricalesFamily EbenaceaeGenus DiospyrosSpecies D melanoxylonBinomial nameDiospyros melanoxylonRoxb 1 Synonyms 2 Diospyros dubia Wall ex A DC Diospyros exsculpta Bedd Diospyros exsculpta Dalzell amp Gibson Diospyros montana B Heyne ex A DC Diospyros roylei Wall ex A DC Diospyros rubiginosa Roth Diospyros tupru Buch Ham Diospyros wightiana Wall nom inval Contents 1 Pharmacology 2 Method of collection 3 Culture and mythology 4 Varieties 5 ReferencesPharmacology edit nbsp Little Tendu Tree of Purulia West Bengal India nbsp Tendu patta leaf collectionThe leaf of the tree contains valuable flavones 7 The pentacyclic triterpenes found in the leaves possess antimicrobial properties 8 while the bark shows antihyperglycemic activity 9 The bark of four Diospyros species found in India has been determined to have significant antiplasmodial effects against Plasmodium falciparum which causes malaria in humans 10 Method of collection editTendu leaves are used as a wrapper for beedi During the summer fresh leaves are produced by the suckers that emerge from the soil This is also enhanced by lighting a fire beneath the Tendu tree The fresh leaves are hand picked by the tribals and dried in the sun for 10 days This practice is seen in Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Odisha and Chhattisgarh states of India The State Government gives the license for collection and processing of the tendu leaves through tender every year 11 Culture and mythology editTendu also known as Tiril and Kendu has cultural and mythological reference as well According to the Munda people during the ancient Sengael Deaah an event of raining fire their predecessors took shelter in the tree hollow of the Tiril tree Tiril tendu tree is considered not easily flammable A tree hollow in the tiril tree is a usual sight as the tribes strike the trunk with big stones in order to make the ripened fruit fall This repeated striking over time makes a hole in the tree Due to the non flammable nature of the tree after the plantation of paddy the tribes plant a branch of it in the field in order to protect the crop from any events of Sengael Deaah in the future 12 Tendu tree is also used in making hockey sticks by the adivasis of Jharkhand and Odisha A young and straight branch of the tree is heated in fire and slowly shaped into the curves of a hockey stick Many villages have been named after the location and presence of the tree in the neighbourhood These include Tiril Posi Tiril Tiril Haatu Kenduda Tendu is also known as Kendu in the South Chotanagpur region in Jharkhand and the Kendhujhar district in OdishaVarieties editThere is one named variety of this species Diospyros melanoxylon var tupru 13 References edit Diospyros melanoxylon Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 9 April 2009 The Plant List A Working List of All Plant Species http harithaharam telangana gov in Silviculture 20of 20Species Forest 20Seeds 045 htm Lal Pranay 25 May 2009 Bidi A short history PDF Current Science Bangalore India Current Science Association 96 10 1335 1337 Retrieved 5 May 2013 bidis command 48 percent of the market while chewing tobacco commands 38 percent and cigarettes 14 percent Archived 6 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Tax Treatment of Bidis tobaccofreeunion org Diospyros melanoxylon Useful Tropical Plants NEW FLAVONOIDS FROM THE LEAVES OF DIOSPYROS MELANOXYLON Uppuluri V Mallavadhani and Anita Mahapatra Antimicrobial Activity of Some Pentacyclic Triterpenes and Their Synthesized 3 O Lipophilic Chains Uppuluri Venkata MALLAVADHANI a Anita MAHAPATRA a Kaiser JAMIL b and Peddi Srinivasa REDDY Biol Pharm Bull 27 10 1576 1579 2004 Vol 27 No 10 Antihyperglycemic effect of Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb bark against Alloxan induced diabetic rats Jadhav J K Masirkar V J Deshmukh V N International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN USA IJPRIF ISSN 0974 4304 Vol 1 No 2 pp 196 200 April June 2009 Investigation of Indian Diospyros Species for Antiplasmodial Properties V S Satyanarayana Kantamreddi and Colin W Wright eCAM 2008 5 2 187 190 Working Plan of central Chanda forest division Chandrapur PDF mahaforest nic in Archived from the original PDF on 30 August 2017 Retrieved 28 May 2018 Clipping of Prabhat Khabar RANCHI City epaper prabhatkhabar com Retrieved 22 April 2022 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb Species Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Diospyros melanoxylon amp oldid 1202470178, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
