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Desert Battle Dress Uniform

February 19, 2024

Not to be confused with Desert Camouflage Uniform.

The Desert Battle Dress Uniform (DBDU)[1] is a U.S. arid-environment camouflage battle uniform that was used by the United States Armed Forces from the early 1980s to the early to mid 1990s, most notably during the Persian Gulf War. Although the U.S. military has long since abandoned the pattern, it is still in widespread use by militaries across the world as of the early 2020s.

Desert Battle Dress Uniform
Closeup of Desert Battle Dress Uniform (DBDU)
TypeMilitary camouflage pattern
Service history
In service1981–1995 (U.S. military)
Used bySee Users for other foreign military/law enforcement users
WarsPersian Gulf War
Somali Civil War
Iraq War
Production history
DesignerU.S. Army Soldier Systems Center
Designed1970

Appearance edit

 
A man modelling an early version of the DBDU on December 6, 1976.
 
DBDU trousers, featuring the chocolate-chip camouflage pattern

The Desert Battle Dress Uniform was designed in 1970[2] and uses a camouflage pattern known as the Six-Color Desert Pattern or colloquially as Chocolate-Chip Camouflage and Cookie Dough Camouflage. The camouflage received its nickname because it resembles chocolate-chip cookie dough. It is made up of a base pattern of light tan overlaid with broad swathes of pale green and wide two-tone bands of brown. Clusters of black and white spots are scattered over, to mimic the appearance of pebbles and their shadows.

History edit

 
A drawing of U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf War with the DBDU

Although the chocolate-chip camouflage became well known during the Persian Gulf War, it was originally designed decades prior, in 1962. The U.S. Army, believing that it might one day become necessary to intervene in the Arab–Israeli conflicts, developed a test pattern using the deserts of the southwestern United States as a model. When the hostilities in the Middle East wound down, the test pattern was mothballed. The formation of the U.S. Rapid Deployment Force (RDF) in 1979, with its remit to operate in the Middle East, and protect U.S. interests in the Persian Gulf region, saw the need for desert camouflage clothing to emerge again.

U.S. Army edit

 
Desert Battle Dress Uniform wearing Lieutenant General Robert C. Kingston, commanding general, US Central Command, fires a German built 7.62 mm G3 Heckler and Koch rifle during BRIGHT STAR '82, an exercise involving troops from the US, Egypt, Sudan, Somalia and Oman

With limited issuing dating back to the 1980 mission to the rescue American hostages in Iran, the DBDU was unique, in that when it was officially issued in 1981, the 6-color desert pattern was only issued in limited numbers to division personnel like the U.S. 82nd Airborne or 101st Airborne who deployed to Egypt and the Sinai desert to participate in the "Bright Star" exercise in December 1980. The DBDU was the U.S. Army's first fully functional desert combat pattern from 1981 to 1992.

U.S. Marine Corps edit

Like the Army, the DBDU was seldom issued whenever Marines were deployed to participate in the "Bright Star" exercises, but became their standard arid combat uniform by 1985. The 6-color desert pattern was used by the U.S. Marine Corps from 1982 to 1995.

U.S. Air Force edit

First issued in 1982 for their participation and deployments to arid regions, the DBDU became the United States Air Forces primary desert uniform from 1982 to 1993.

U.S. Navy edit

Like its sister branches, The Navy began limited issue of the DBDU in the early 80s and became standard wide by 1985. It would remain the Navy's main desert combat uniform from the early '80s to the mid '90s.

U.S. Coast Guard edit

The Coast Guard was the last branch to see remaining issue of the DBDU in the mid to late 1980s.

Operational use edit

The six-color desert pattern entered service in 1981 at the same time as the woodland BDUs and would be worn in limited numbers by U.S. troops taking part in the biennial Bright Star exercises in Egypt during the 1980s, and by FORSCOM peacekeepers assigned to the Multinational Force and Observers in the Egyptian Sinai Desert, but was not issued in large numbers prior to the Persian Gulf War. However, there is evidence that the six-color desert pattern camouflage was in use before 1981 with photographs of American military personnel involved in Operation Eagle Claw in April 1980 using this camouflage pattern in the failed attempt to rescue U.S. embassy staff being held hostage in Iran.

The pattern was unpopular with American soldiers during the Gulf War.[3] Feedback from these users indicated that the design contrasted too much with the terrain, preventing the camouflage from blending in effectively. Anecdotal evidence suggested that the dark areas of the pattern warmed up more than the paler parts under desert sunlight, and retained the heat longer. The six colors were also more expensive to manufacture than three or four colors, and the need for a camouflage that would be suitable for use in any desert resulted in a requirement for a new desert camouflage uniform. The U.S. Army Natick Soldier Center began the search for a substitute. Samples of sand and earth from the Middle East were measured for optical and infrared reflectance, and seven trial patterns were created using these statistics. The patterns were evaluated in fourteen different desert locations and narrowed down to one favorite. The resulting "Desert Camouflage Pattern: Combat" was standardized in 1990, but was not ready before troops deployed to Saudi Arabia during the Persian Gulf War. Consequently, U.S. forces wore the six-color BDUs during the campaign. During that war, after initiatives by General Norman Schwarzkopf, the six-color Desert BDU was produced in 100% cotton poplin without reinforcement panels in order to improve comfort in hot desert conditions. A total of 500,000 improved cotton BDUs were ordered. However, cost concerns caused the cotton six-color Desert BDU to be discontinued shortly after the Persian Gulf War.[4]

Replacement edit

An initial batch of desert BDUs in the new camouflage scheme was en route to the Middle East when hostilities ceased.[5] The pattern, officially issued with the newer Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) in the early 1990s, consisted of a subtle blend of large pastel green and light tan shapes, with sparsely placed, narrow, reddish brown patches, leading the design to be unofficially nicknamed the “Coffee Stain” pattern.

Both patterns were briefly used together during the transition period, most notably during Operation Restore Hope and Operation Gothic Serpent (some U.S. Army Rangers during the latter occasionally wore the newer three-color DCU's along with kevlar helmet covers retaining the old six-color pattern. The same dress was also worn by soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division during the Battle of Qala-i-Jangi in 2001).[6] During Operation Bright Star 1995, Third Army personnel wore the three-color uniform while troops from Fort Bragg (330th MCC) wore the six-color uniform for the 75-day exercise. In the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the U.S. military did not use the DBDU, and instead mostly used the DCU's tri-color pattern and to a lesser extent, the MARPAT camouflage pattern.

Legacy edit

 
Iraqi soldiers in 2006 wearing DBDUs
 
David H. Petraeus meets with the Afghan Border Police Commander, General Abdul Khalil Bakhten, wearing the Saudi grey version

As of the early 2010s, the chocolate-chip pattern is still in widespread use across the world, long after the United States abandoned it. A uniform similar to the Desert Battle Dress Uniform was issued to the Iraqi National Guard before it was dissolved in 2004 and to the Iraqi security forces. South Korean forces have used, in limited numbers since 1993, a variant with brown replacing the black in the original U.S. design; this South Korean design has also been tested in the United Arab Emirates. The Oman National Guard use a pattern mixing chocolate-chip with 'amoeba', while the National Guards of both Saudi Arabia and Kuwait use a grey variation on the chocolate-chip design. The Saudis also use a grey, black, and white 'urban' variation and the police wear a blue version of the same design; Palestinian police also use a blue chocolate-chip patterned uniform. The South African "Soldier 2000" pattern is similar to the U.S. design. A copy of the pattern, using tan, medium brown, bottle-green and greyish green, in addition to the black-on-white pebbles, is used in Kazakhstan.

Users edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ United States Army (February 3, 2005). (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 28, 2005. Retrieved April 28, 2005.
  2. ^ "Uniform, desert".
  3. ^ "Show whips off the camouflage net". BBC News. 2007-03-23. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  4. ^ Kearny, Cresson H. (Maj), Jungle Snafus...And Remedies, Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine (1996), pp. 212–213
  5. ^ Blechman, Hardy (2004). DPM: Disruptive Pattern Material. Department of Publications, Maharishi. ISBN 0-9543404-0-X.
  6. ^ "DBDU Helmet".
  7. ^ a b c d e "Little Known Facts and History about Camouflage of the Western World". 2 March 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d Dougherty (2017), p. 82.
  9. ^ "Jacket, Desert 'Chocolate Chip' camouflage (US DBDU): Iraqi".
  10. ^ . www.middleeastmilitaria.com. Archived from the original on 2018-08-10.
  11. ^ Larson (2021), p. 396.
  12. ^ Larson (2021), p. 255.
  13. ^ "Saudi King Fahd Grey Chocolate Chip Camo".
  14. ^ "Saudi Grey Chocolate Chip Uniforms; an Analysis".
  15. ^ "Saudi Border Guard Chocolate Chip Camo".
  16. ^ "Saudi Security Forces 6 Color Uniforms".
  17. ^ . eunavfor.eu. Archived from the original on 2014-12-09.

Bibliography edit

  • Dougherty, Martin (2017). Camouflage at War: An Illustrated Guide from 1914 to the Present Day. London, UK: Amber Books. ISBN 978-1782744986.
  • Larson, Eric H. (2021). Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 9781526739537.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Desert Battle Dress Uniform.
  • Additional historical background

February 19, 2024
desert, battle, dress, uniform, confused, with, desert, camouflage, uniform, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, . Not to be confused with Desert Camouflage Uniform This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Desert Battle Dress Uniform news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Desert Battle Dress Uniform DBDU 1 is a U S arid environment camouflage battle uniform that was used by the United States Armed Forces from the early 1980s to the early to mid 1990s most notably during the Persian Gulf War Although the U S military has long since abandoned the pattern it is still in widespread use by militaries across the world as of the early 2020s Desert Battle Dress UniformCloseup of Desert Battle Dress Uniform DBDU TypeMilitary camouflage patternService historyIn service1981 1995 U S military Used bySee Users for other foreign military law enforcement usersWarsPersian Gulf WarSomali Civil WarIraq WarProduction historyDesignerU S Army Soldier Systems CenterDesigned1970 Contents 1 Appearance 2 History 2 1 U S Army 2 2 U S Marine Corps 2 3 U S Air Force 2 4 U S Navy 2 5 U S Coast Guard 2 6 Operational use 2 7 Replacement 3 Legacy 4 Users 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksAppearance edit nbsp A man modelling an early version of the DBDU on December 6 1976 nbsp DBDU trousers featuring the chocolate chip camouflage patternThe Desert Battle Dress Uniform was designed in 1970 2 and uses a camouflage pattern known as the Six Color Desert Pattern or colloquially as Chocolate Chip Camouflage and Cookie Dough Camouflage The camouflage received its nickname because it resembles chocolate chip cookie dough It is made up of a base pattern of light tan overlaid with broad swathes of pale green and wide two tone bands of brown Clusters of black and white spots are scattered over to mimic the appearance of pebbles and their shadows History edit nbsp A drawing of U S Marines in the Persian Gulf War with the DBDUAlthough the chocolate chip camouflage became well known during the Persian Gulf War it was originally designed decades prior in 1962 The U S Army believing that it might one day become necessary to intervene in the Arab Israeli conflicts developed a test pattern using the deserts of the southwestern United States as a model When the hostilities in the Middle East wound down the test pattern was mothballed The formation of the U S Rapid Deployment Force RDF in 1979 with its remit to operate in the Middle East and protect U S interests in the Persian Gulf region saw the need for desert camouflage clothing to emerge again U S Army edit nbsp Desert Battle Dress Uniform wearing Lieutenant General Robert C Kingston commanding general US Central Command fires a German built 7 62 mm G3 Heckler and Koch rifle during BRIGHT STAR 82 an exercise involving troops from the US Egypt Sudan Somalia and OmanWith limited issuing dating back to the 1980 mission to the rescue American hostages in Iran the DBDU was unique in that when it was officially issued in 1981 the 6 color desert pattern was only issued in limited numbers to division personnel like the U S 82nd Airborne or 101st Airborne who deployed to Egypt and the Sinai desert to participate in the Bright Star exercise in December 1980 The DBDU was the U S Army s first fully functional desert combat pattern from 1981 to 1992 U S Marine Corps edit Like the Army the DBDU was seldom issued whenever Marines were deployed to participate in the Bright Star exercises but became their standard arid combat uniform by 1985 The 6 color desert pattern was used by the U S Marine Corps from 1982 to 1995 U S Air Force edit First issued in 1982 for their participation and deployments to arid regions the DBDU became the United States Air Forces primary desert uniform from 1982 to 1993 U S Navy edit Like its sister branches The Navy began limited issue of the DBDU in the early 80s and became standard wide by 1985 It would remain the Navy s main desert combat uniform from the early 80s to the mid 90s U S Coast Guard edit The Coast Guard was the last branch to see remaining issue of the DBDU in the mid to late 1980s Operational use edit The six color desert pattern entered service in 1981 at the same time as the woodland BDUs and would be worn in limited numbers by U S troops taking part in the biennial Bright Star exercises in Egypt during the 1980s and by FORSCOM peacekeepers assigned to the Multinational Force and Observers in the Egyptian Sinai Desert but was not issued in large numbers prior to the Persian Gulf War However there is evidence that the six color desert pattern camouflage was in use before 1981 with photographs of American military personnel involved in Operation Eagle Claw in April 1980 using this camouflage pattern in the failed attempt to rescue U S embassy staff being held hostage in Iran The pattern was unpopular with American soldiers during the Gulf War 3 Feedback from these users indicated that the design contrasted too much with the terrain preventing the camouflage from blending in effectively Anecdotal evidence suggested that the dark areas of the pattern warmed up more than the paler parts under desert sunlight and retained the heat longer The six colors were also more expensive to manufacture than three or four colors and the need for a camouflage that would be suitable for use in any desert resulted in a requirement for a new desert camouflage uniform The U S Army Natick Soldier Center began the search for a substitute Samples of sand and earth from the Middle East were measured for optical and infrared reflectance and seven trial patterns were created using these statistics The patterns were evaluated in fourteen different desert locations and narrowed down to one favorite The resulting Desert Camouflage Pattern Combat was standardized in 1990 but was not ready before troops deployed to Saudi Arabia during the Persian Gulf War Consequently U S forces wore the six color BDUs during the campaign During that war after initiatives by General Norman Schwarzkopf the six color Desert BDU was produced in 100 cotton poplin without reinforcement panels in order to improve comfort in hot desert conditions A total of 500 000 improved cotton BDUs were ordered However cost concerns caused the cotton six color Desert BDU to be discontinued shortly after the Persian Gulf War 4 Replacement edit An initial batch of desert BDUs in the new camouflage scheme was en route to the Middle East when hostilities ceased 5 The pattern officially issued with the newer Desert Camouflage Uniform DCU in the early 1990s consisted of a subtle blend of large pastel green and light tan shapes with sparsely placed narrow reddish brown patches leading the design to be unofficially nicknamed the Coffee Stain pattern Both patterns were briefly used together during the transition period most notably during Operation Restore Hope and Operation Gothic Serpent some U S Army Rangers during the latter occasionally wore the newer three color DCU s along with kevlar helmet covers retaining the old six color pattern The same dress was also worn by soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division during the Battle of Qala i Jangi in 2001 6 During Operation Bright Star 1995 Third Army personnel wore the three color uniform while troops from Fort Bragg 330th MCC wore the six color uniform for the 75 day exercise In the 2003 invasion of Iraq the U S military did not use the DBDU and instead mostly used the DCU s tri color pattern and to a lesser extent the MARPAT camouflage pattern Legacy edit nbsp Iraqi soldiers in 2006 wearing DBDUs nbsp David H Petraeus meets with the Afghan Border Police Commander General Abdul Khalil Bakhten wearing the Saudi grey versionAs of the early 2010s the chocolate chip pattern is still in widespread use across the world long after the United States abandoned it A uniform similar to the Desert Battle Dress Uniform was issued to the Iraqi National Guard before it was dissolved in 2004 and to the Iraqi security forces South Korean forces have used in limited numbers since 1993 a variant with brown replacing the black in the original U S design this South Korean design has also been tested in the United Arab Emirates The Oman National Guard use a pattern mixing chocolate chip with amoeba while the National Guards of both Saudi Arabia and Kuwait use a grey variation on the chocolate chip design The Saudis also use a grey black and white urban variation and the police wear a blue version of the same design Palestinian police also use a blue chocolate chip patterned uniform The South African Soldier 2000 pattern is similar to the U S design A copy of the pattern using tan medium brown bottle green and greyish green in addition to the black on white pebbles is used in Kazakhstan Users editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Desert Battle Dress Uniform news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp Argentina nbsp Bolivia nbsp Brazil nbsp Chad nbsp China Made own camos based on DBDU fabric 7 nbsp Djibouti nbsp Dominican Republic nbsp Egypt Made own camos based on DBDU fabric 7 nbsp El Salvador nbsp Eritrea Made own camos based on DBDU fabric 7 nbsp Estonia nbsp Ethiopia nbsp Iran Had used localized DBDU pattern 8 nbsp Iraq Formerly used by the reformed Iraqi military 9 10 before being succeeded by the Desert Camouflage Uniform nbsp Ireland Used by Irish troops during peacekeeping operations in Somalia in 1993 11 nbsp Israel Used by Israeli military in unofficial capacity 12 nbsp Japan nbsp Jordan nbsp Kazakhstan nbsp Kuwait Had used localized DBDU pattern 8 nbsp Libya nbsp Mali nbsp Mexico nbsp Niger nbsp Oman nbsp Pakistan Made own camos based on DBDU fabric 7 nbsp Palestine nbsp Paraguay 8 nbsp Peru 8 nbsp Philippines nbsp Rwanda nbsp Saudi Arabia Grey version used by the Saudi Border Guard forces and King Fahd college students 13 14 15 Six colored version also used 16 nbsp Somalia Used by Naval infantry troops and Coastguard 17 nbsp South Korea was used by the South Korean military during the Iraq War and in the War in Afghanistan nbsp Spain Made own camos based on DBDU fabric Replaced by Pixelado arido 7 nbsp Sudan nbsp Syria nbsp Tajikistan nbsp Thailand nbsp United Arab Emirates nbsp United States Former standard camouflage uniform pattern from 1981 to 1995 nbsp United States Army nbsp United States Marine Corps nbsp United States Navy nbsp United States Air Force nbsp Yemen nbsp DBDU clad Spanish soldiers disembark from a CH 47 Chinook helicopter in Afghanistan September 2008 nbsp U S President George H W Bush and Brigadier General Thomas Mikolajcik wearing DBDUs as they visit Mogadishu Airport in January 1993 nbsp Pakistan Frontier Corps Balochistan soldier left and the Afghan Border Police soldier right wearing the Saudi blue DBDUs guard the Durand Line s Friendship Gate seven km southeast of Spin Boldak Afghanistan nbsp A DBDU wearing Pakistani Ranger Sindh on dutySee also editDesert Night Camouflage Army Combat Uniform Battle Dress UniformReferences edit United States Army February 3 2005 Army Regulation 670 1 Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia PDF United States Department of Defense Archived from the original PDF on April 28 2005 Retrieved April 28 2005 Uniform desert Show whips off the camouflage net BBC News 2007 03 23 Retrieved 2021 03 27 Kearny Cresson H Maj Jungle Snafus And Remedies Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine 1996 pp 212 213 Blechman Hardy 2004 DPM Disruptive Pattern Material Department of Publications Maharishi ISBN 0 9543404 0 X DBDU Helmet a b c d e Little Known Facts and History about Camouflage of the Western World 2 March 2016 a b c d Dougherty 2017 p 82 Jacket Desert Chocolate Chip camouflage US DBDU Iraqi Immediate Post Saddam Iraqi Chocolate Chip Camo Uniform Middle East Militaria www middleeastmilitaria com Archived from the original on 2018 08 10 Larson 2021 p 396 Larson 2021 p 255 Saudi King Fahd Grey Chocolate Chip Camo Saudi Grey Chocolate Chip Uniforms an Analysis Saudi Border Guard Chocolate Chip Camo Saudi Security Forces 6 Color Uniforms EU Naval Force Supports EUCAP Nestor Led Training Course for Somali Coastguard and Port Police in Djibouti Eunavfor eunavfor eu Archived from the original on 2014 12 09 Bibliography editDougherty Martin 2017 Camouflage at War An Illustrated Guide from 1914 to the Present Day London UK Amber Books ISBN 978 1782744986 Larson Eric H 2021 Camouflage International Ground Force Patterns 1946 2017 Barnsley Pen amp Sword ISBN 9781526739537 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Desert Battle Dress Uniform Army Regulation 670 1 Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia Additional historical background Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Desert Battle Dress Uniform amp oldid 1186949692, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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