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Dean of the College of Cardinals

March 07, 2023

The dean of the College of Cardinals (Latin: Decanus Collegii Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium) presides over the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, serving as primus inter pares (first among equals). The position was established in the 12th century.[citation needed] He always holds the rank of a cardinal bishop, and is assisted by a vice-dean. Both are elected by and from the cardinal bishops who are not Eastern Catholic patriarchs, with their election subject to papal confirmation. Except for presiding over the college, the dean and vice-dean have no power over the other cardinals. In the order of precedence in the Catholic Church, the dean and vice-dean, as the two most senior cardinals, are placed second and third, respectively, after the pope.

Giovanni Battista Re, the incumbent dean

It had been customary for centuries for the longest-serving of the six cardinal bishops of suburbicarian sees to be the dean. This was required by canon law from 1917[1] until 1965, when Pope Paul VI empowered the six to elect the dean from among their number. This election was a formality until the time of Pope John Paul II.[citation needed]

In 2019, upon accepting Cardinal Angelo Sodano's resignation as dean of the College of Cardinals, Pope Francis established that the dean would henceforth serve a five-year term that may be renewed once. Sodano received the title "dean emeritus" upon resigning on 21 December 2019.[2][3] In anticipation of the election of Sodano's successor, Francis said: "I am hoping they will elect someone who can carry this important responsibility full time."[4] Previously, the dean held the position until death or resignation; there was no mandatory age of retirement.[5]

Responsibilities

The dean summons the conclave for the purposes of electing a new pope following a death or resignation. The Dean presides over the daily meetings of the College of Cardinals in advance of the conclave and then presides over the conclave if his age does not prohibit his participation. The dean also has the responsibility of communicating the "news of the Pope's death to the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See and to the Heads of the respective Nations".[6] He is the public face of the Holy See until a new pope is elected. If he participates in the conclave, the dean asks the pope-elect if he accepts the election, and then asks the new pope what name he wishes to use. If the dean himself is elected pope, the afore mentioned tasks are assumed by the sub-dean of the College of Cardinals. If the newly elected pope is not already a bishop, the dean ordains him a bishop.[7]

The dean has "the title of the diocese of Ostia, together with that of any other church to which he already has a title,"[8] such as his suburbicarian diocese. This has been the case since 1914, by decree of Pope Pius X—previous deans had given up their suburbicarian see and taken the joint title of Ostia and Velletri, which were separated in that same 1914 decree.[9]

Deans elected pope

Nine Deans have been elected pope:[10]

  1. Corrado Demitri, elected in 1153 as Pope Anastasius IV
  2. Ubaldo Allucingoli, elected Pope Lucius III in 1181
  3. Ugolino di Conti was elected Pope Gregory IX in 1227
  4. Rinaldo di Conti was elected Pope Alexander IV in 1254
  5. Pedro Julião was elected Pope John XXI in September 1276
  6. Rodrigo Borja was elected Pope Alexander VI in 1492
  7. Alessandro Farnese was elected Pope Paul III in 1534
  8. Gian Pietro Carafa was elected Pope Paul IV in May 1555
  9. Joseph Ratzinger was elected Pope Benedict XVI in 2005

List of deans

The following is the list of deans of the Sacred College of Cardinals, separated into three groups to account for the Western Schism, which ended after the Council of Constance. The earliest attested reference to the "College of Cardinals" is at the Council of Reims in 1148.[11]

Each name in the following list includes years of birth and death, then comma-separated years of cardinalate and deanship.

Before the Western Schism

12th century

13th Century

14th Century

During the Western Schism

See also: Avignon Papacy and Council of Pisa

After the Council of Constance

15th Century

16th Century

17th Century

18th Century

19th Century

20th Century

21st Century

Name of Incumbent Life dates Cardinalate Deanship Replacing Notes
Birth Death and age
Joseph Ratzinger 16 April 1927 31 December 2022(2022-12-31) (aged 95) 27 June 1977
by Pope Paul VI		 30 November 2002–16 April 2005
(2 years, 147 days)		 Bernardin Gantin Elected Pope Benedict XVI in 2005, Retired on 28 February 2013
Angelo Sodano 23 November 1927 27 May 2022(2022-05-27) (aged 94) 28 June 1991
by Pope John Paul II		 30 April 2005–21 December 2019
(14 years, 235 days)		 Joseph Ratzinger retired in 2019
Giovanni Battista Re (1934-01-30) 30 January 1934 (age 89) 21 February 2001
by Pope John Paul II		 18 January 2020–present (3 years, 46 days) Angelo Sodano

References

  1. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF) (in Latin). Vol. IX, part II. 1917. p. 50, Canon 237. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  2. ^ "A Letter in the form of a "Motu Proprio" regarding the Office of Dean of the College of Cardinals, 21.12.2019". 29 November 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  3. ^ Senèze, Nicolas (21 December 2019). "Démission d'Angelo Sodano, doyen des cardinaux". La Croix (in French). Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  4. ^ "Audience of the Holy Father to the Roman Curia on the occasion of the presentation of Christmas wishes, 21.12.2019". Holy See Press Office. 21 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  5. ^ Wooden, Cindy (22 December 2019). "Pope sets term of office for dean of College of Cardinals". ncronline.com. The National Catholic Reporter Publishing Company. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  6. ^ Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). . Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 2007-05-06. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  7. ^ "Canon 355, section 1". Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Canon 350, section 4". Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  9. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF) (in Latin). Vol. VI. 1914. pp. 219–20. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  10. ^ For the first half of 12th century the source is Rudolf Hüls, Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130, Tübingen 1977, p. 84, for the rest the respective biographical entries by S. Miranda, with corrections appearing from J.M. Brixius, Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130–1181, Berlin 1912; Werner Maleczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216, Vienna 1984; Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie dal 1227 al 1254, Padova 1972; and Richard Sternfeld, Der Kardinal Johann Gaetan Orsini (Papst Nikolaus III.) 1244–1277, Berlin 1905, for 12–13th centuries.
  11. ^ John F. Broderick, S.J., "The Sacred College of Cardinals: Size and Geographical Composition (1099–1986)," Archivum Historiae Pontificiae, Vol. 25 (1987), pp. 7-71, at p. 9 note 6. And see: Edith Pasztor, "Riforma della chiesa nel secolo XI e l'origine del Collegio dei Cardinali: Problemi e ricerche," in: Studio sul Medioevo cristiano offerti a Raffaello Morghen, II, (Roma 1974), pp. 609-625, arguing that the College of Cardinals did not yet exist at the end of the 11th century. Without the existence of the College, of course, a Dean of the College of Cardinals would be impossible.
  12. ^ According to Pandulphus Pisanus, "Vita Gelasii II", in: J. Watterich, Pontificum Romanorum Vitae Tomus II (Lipsiae 1862) p. 94: "Interim autem, Paschali papa defuncto, venerabilis pater dominus Petrus Portuensis episcopus, qui primatum post papam per longa jam diutius tempora detinuerat, cumque eo omnes presbyteri ac diaconi cardinales de eligendo Pontifice, et in commune communiter, et singulariter singuli pertractare coeperunt pro domino cancellario in monasterio Cassinensi commanente." Cardinal Pietro led the electoral meeting in 1118. He joined the obedience of Antipope Anacletus II in 1130.
  13. ^ He joined the obedience of Antipope Victor IV in 1159 [1].
  14. ^ He was the only cardinal-bishop in the Roman obedience after 1397.
  15. ^ Former Pope Gregory XII of the Roman obedience
  16. ^ Former Pisan Antipope John XXIII
  17. ^ Although Pierre de Foix, bishop of Albano, was the most senior Cardinal-Bishop 1445–64, he was omitted in filling the post of Dean of the Sacred College, because he resided outside the Roman Curia
  18. ^ Cardinal-bishop of Sabina. Former Antipope Felix V
  19. ^ This cardinal is not referred to as dean by S. Miranda but his occupation of that post appears from the order of seniority
  20. ^ He opted for the see of Ostia e Velletri in November 1503. From that time deans of the College of Cardinals usually opted for that see immediately after assuming that post, although few exceptions to this rule had occurred.
  21. ^ Cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina. According to L. Pastor "History of the Popes vol. XXXIV", London 1941 p. 303 and Valérie Pirie "The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves" he was Dean of the Sacred College in the Papal conclave, 1730. Also G. Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni, vol. X, p. 15, affirms that he was dean of the Sacred College but never opted for the see of Ostia e Velletri.
  22. ^ Salvador Miranda indicates that Fabrizio Serbelloni was dean of the Sacred College 1774–1775 [2], but according to G. Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorn vol. LXIV, p. 173, Serbelloni was named bishop of Ostia e Velletri on 18 April 1774 only for that reason, that Albani, who became dean at the death of Cavalchini, refused to resign the bishopric of Porto e Santa Rufina. However, Cardinal Albani eventually opted for the see of Ostia e Velletri after the death of Serbelloni in the following year

March 07, 2023
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The dean of the College of Cardinals Latin Decanus Collegii Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium presides over the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church serving as primus inter pares first among equals The position was established in the 12th century citation needed He always holds the rank of a cardinal bishop and is assisted by a vice dean Both are elected by and from the cardinal bishops who are not Eastern Catholic patriarchs with their election subject to papal confirmation Except for presiding over the college the dean and vice dean have no power over the other cardinals In the order of precedence in the Catholic Church the dean and vice dean as the two most senior cardinals are placed second and third respectively after the pope Giovanni Battista Re the incumbent dean It had been customary for centuries for the longest serving of the six cardinal bishops of suburbicarian sees to be the dean This was required by canon law from 1917 1 until 1965 when Pope Paul VI empowered the six to elect the dean from among their number This election was a formality until the time of Pope John Paul II citation needed In 2019 upon accepting Cardinal Angelo Sodano s resignation as dean of the College of Cardinals Pope Francis established that the dean would henceforth serve a five year term that may be renewed once Sodano received the title dean emeritus upon resigning on 21 December 2019 2 3 In anticipation of the election of Sodano s successor Francis said I am hoping they will elect someone who can carry this important responsibility full time 4 Previously the dean held the position until death or resignation there was no mandatory age of retirement 5 Contents 1 Responsibilities 2 Deans elected pope 3 List of deans 3 1 Before the Western Schism 3 1 1 12th century 3 1 2 13th Century 3 1 3 14th Century 3 2 During the Western Schism 3 3 After the Council of Constance 3 3 1 15th Century 3 3 2 16th Century 3 3 3 17th Century 3 3 4 18th Century 3 3 5 19th Century 3 3 6 20th Century 3 3 7 21st Century 4 ReferencesResponsibilities EditThe dean summons the conclave for the purposes of electing a new pope following a death or resignation The Dean presides over the daily meetings of the College of Cardinals in advance of the conclave and then presides over the conclave if his age does not prohibit his participation The dean also has the responsibility of communicating the news of the Pope s death to the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See and to the Heads of the respective Nations 6 He is the public face of the Holy See until a new pope is elected If he participates in the conclave the dean asks the pope elect if he accepts the election and then asks the new pope what name he wishes to use If the dean himself is elected pope the afore mentioned tasks are assumed by the sub dean of the College of Cardinals If the newly elected pope is not already a bishop the dean ordains him a bishop 7 The dean has the title of the diocese of Ostia together with that of any other church to which he already has a title 8 such as his suburbicarian diocese This has been the case since 1914 by decree of Pope Pius X previous deans had given up their suburbicarian see and taken the joint title of Ostia and Velletri which were separated in that same 1914 decree 9 Deans elected pope EditNine Deans have been elected pope 10 Corrado Demitri elected in 1153 as Pope Anastasius IV Ubaldo Allucingoli elected Pope Lucius III in 1181 Ugolino di Conti was elected Pope Gregory IX in 1227 Rinaldo di Conti was elected Pope Alexander IV in 1254 Pedro Juliao was elected Pope John XXI in September 1276 Rodrigo Borja was elected Pope Alexander VI in 1492 Alessandro Farnese was elected Pope Paul III in 1534 Gian Pietro Carafa was elected Pope Paul IV in May 1555 Joseph Ratzinger was elected Pope Benedict XVI in 2005List of deans EditThis list needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Dean of the College of Cardinals news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message The following is the list of deans of the Sacred College of Cardinals separated into three groups to account for the Western Schism which ended after the Council of Constance The earliest attested reference to the College of Cardinals is at the Council of Reims in 1148 11 Each name in the following list includes years of birth and death then comma separated years of cardinalate and deanship Before the Western Schism Edit 12th century Edit Pietro Senex d 1134 1102 before 1130 12 disputed discuss Guillaume d 1137 39 1122 1130 citation needed disputed discuss Corrado della Suburra 1073 1154 1114 1137 39 Elected Pope Anastasius IV in 1153 disputed discuss Imar of Tusculum d 1161 1142 1153 deposed 1159 13 disputed discuss Gregorio de Suburra d 1163 1140 1159 disputed discuss Ubaldo Allucingoli 1097 1185 1138 1163 Elected Pope Lucius III in 1181 Conrad of Wittelsbach 1120 25 1200 1165 1181 13th Century Edit Ottaviano di Paoli d 1206 1182 1200 Pietro Gallocia d 1211 1188 1206 Nicola de Romanis d 1219 1204 1211 Ugolino dei Conti di Segni 1145 1241 1198 1219 Elected Pope Gregory IX in 1227 Pelagio Galvani d 1230 1206 07 1227 Jean Halgrin 1180 1237 1227 1230 Jacques de Vitry 1160 70 1240 1228 1237 Rinaldo Conti 1185 1261 1227 1240 Elected Pope Alexander IV in 1254 Odo of Chateauroux 1190 1273 1244 1254 John of Toledo d 1275 1244 1273 Joao Pedro Juliao 1210 1276 1273 1275 Elected Pope John XXI in 1276 Bertrand de Saint Martin d 1277 1273 1276 Ordonho Alvares 1198 1285 1278 1278 Bentivenga dei Bentivenghi 1230 1289 1278 1285 Latino Malabranca Orsini d 1294 1278 1289 Gerardo Bianchi 1220 25 1302 1278 1294 14th Century Edit Giovanni Boccamazza d 1309 1285 1302 Leonardo Patrasso 1230 1311 1300 1309 Giovanni Minio de Murovalle 1250 1312 1302 1311 Nicolo Albertini 1250 1321 1303 1312 Berengar Fredol the Elder 1250 1323 1305 1321 Berengar Fredol the Younger d 1323 1312 1323 Guillaume Godin 1260 1336 1312 1323 Pierre Despres 1288 1361 1320 1336 Elie de Talleyrand Perigord 1301 1364 1331 1361 Guy de Boulogne 1313 1373 1342 1364 Ange de Grimoard 1315 20 1388 1366 1373 deposed by Urban VI in 1378 retained the post in the obedience of Avignon until 1388 During the Western Schism Edit See also Avignon Papacy and Council of Pisa The obedience of Rome 1378 1415 Tommaso da Frignano 1305 1381 1378 Francesco Moricotti Prignano d 1394 1378 1381 Philippe d Alencon 1338 1397 1378 1394 Pietro Pileo di Prata 1330 1400 1378 1397 14 Angelo Acciaioli 1349 1408 1384 1405 Enrico Minutoli d 1412 1389 1408 until 1409 Antonio Correr 1369 1445 1408 1409 until 1415 The obedience of Avignon 1378 1429 Ange de Grimoard until 1388 Pietro Corsini 1335 1405 1370 1388 Gui de Malsec d 1412 1375 1405 deposed 1409 retained the post in the obedience of Pisa Jean Flandrin after 1301 1415 1390 1405 Julian Lobera y Valtierra d 1435 1423 1423 until 1429 The obedience of Pisa 1409 1415 Gui de Malsec until 1412 Jean Allarmet de Brogny 1342 1426 1385 1412 until 1415 After the Council of Constance Edit 15th Century Edit Angelo Correr ca 1330 1417 1415 1415 15 Jean Allarmet de Brogny 1342 1426 1385 1417 Baldassare Cossa ca 1360 70 1419 1419 1419 16 Jean Allarmet de Brogny 2rd term 1342 1426 1385 1419 Angelo d Anna de Sommariva d 1428 1384 1426 Giordano Orsini 1360 70 1438 1405 1428 Antonio Correr again 1369 1445 1408 1438 Giovanni Berardi 1380 1449 1439 1445 17 Amadeo de Savoy 1383 1451 1449 1449 18 Francesco Condulmer 1390 1453 1431 1451 19 Giorgio Fieschi ca 1395 1461 1439 1453 Isidore of Kiev 1380 90 1463 1439 1461 Bessarion 1403 1472 1439 1463 Guillaume d Estouteville 1403 1483 1439 1472 Rodrigo Borgia 1431 1503 1456 1483 Elected Pope Alexander VI in 1492 Oliviero Carafa 1430 1511 1467 1492 20 16th Century Edit Raffaele Riario 1461 1521 1477 1511 Bernardino Lopez de Carvajal 1456 1523 1493 1521 Francesco Soderini 1453 1524 1503 1523 Niccolo Fieschi 1456 1524 1503 1524 Alessandro Farnese 1468 1549 1493 1524 Elected Pope Paul III in 1534 Giovanni Piccolomini 1475 1537 1517 1535 Giovanni Domenico de Cupis 1493 1553 1517 1537 Gian Pietro Carafa 1476 1559 1536 1553 Elected Pope Paul IV in 1555 Jean du Bellay 1492 1560 1535 1555 Francois de Tournon 1489 1562 1530 1560 Rodolfo Pio de Carpi 1500 1564 1536 1562 Francesco Pisani 1494 1570 1517 1564 Giovanni Girolamo Morone 1509 1580 1542 1570 Alessandro Farnese juniore 1520 1589 1534 1580 Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni 1519 1591 1560 1589 Alfonso Gesualdo 1540 1603 1561 1591 17th Century Edit Tolomeo Gallio 1526 1607 1565 1603 Domenico Pinelli 1541 1611 1585 1607 Francois de Joyeuse 1562 1615 1583 1611 Antonio Maria Galli 1553 1620 1586 1615 Antonio Maria Sauli 1541 1623 1587 1620 Francesco Maria del Monte 1549 1626 1588 1623 Ottavio Bandini 1558 1629 1596 1626 Giovanni Battista Deti 1576 1630 1599 1629 Domenico Ginnasi 1550 1639 1604 1630 Carlo Emmanuele Pio de Savoia seniore 1585 1641 1604 1639 Marcello Lante della Rovere 1561 1652 1606 1641 Giulio Roma 1584 1652 1621 1652 served less than 5 months Carlo de Medici 1595 1666 1615 1652 Francesco Barberini seniore 1597 1679 1623 1666 Cesare Facchinetti 1608 1683 1643 1680 Niccolo Albergati Ludovisi 1608 1687 1645 1683 Alderano Cybo 1613 1700 1645 1687 18th Century Edit Emmanuel Theodose de la Tour d Auvergne de Bouillon 1643 1715 1669 1700 Nicola Acciaiouli 1630 1719 1669 1715 Fulvio Astalli 1655 1721 1686 1719 Sebastiano Antonio Tanara 1650 1724 1695 1721 Francesco del Giudice 1647 1725 1690 1724 Fabrizio Paolucci 1651 1726 1697 1725 Francesco Pignatelli 1635 1652 1734 1703 1726 21 Francesco Barberini 1662 1738 1690 1734 Pietro Ottoboni 1667 1740 1689 1738 Tommaso Ruffo 1663 1753 1706 1740 Pierluigi Carafa 1677 1755 1728 1753 Rainiero d Elci 1670 1761 1737 1755 Giuseppe Spinelli 1694 1763 1735 1761 Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini 1683 1774 1743 1763 Gian Francesco Albani 1720 1803 1747 1774 22 longest deanship Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart 1725 1807 1747 1803 longest total cardinalate19th Century Edit Leonardo Antonelli 1730 1811 1775 1807 Alessandro Mattei 1744 1820 1779 1814 vacancy caused by his exile by Napoleon Giulio Maria della Somaglia 1744 1830 1795 1820 Bartolomeo Pacca 1756 1844 1801 1830 Lodovico Micara 1775 1847 1824 1844 Vincenzo Macchi 1770 1860 1826 1847 Mario Mattei 1792 1870 1832 1860 Costantino Patrizi Naro 1798 1876 1834 1870 Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso 1796 1878 1837 1877 Camillo di Pietro 1806 1884 1853 1878 Carlo Sacconi 1808 1889 1861 1884 Raffaele Monaco La Valletta 1827 1896 1868 1889 Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano 1828 1913 1873 1896 20th Century Edit Serafino Vannutelli 1834 1915 1887 1913 Vincenzo Vannutelli 1836 1930 1889 1915 Gennaro Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte 1851 1948 1911 1930 Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani 1871 1951 1930 1948 Eugene Tisserant 1884 1972 1936 1951 Amleto Giovanni Cicognani 1883 1973 1958 1972 Luigi Traglia 1895 1977 1960 1974 Carlo Confalonieri 1893 1986 1958 1977 Agnelo Rossi 1913 1995 1965 1986 retired 1993 Bernardin Gantin 1922 2008 1977 1993 retired 2002 21st Century Edit Name of Incumbent Life dates Cardinalate Deanship Replacing NotesBirth Death and ageJoseph Ratzinger 16 April 1927 31 December 2022 2022 12 31 aged 95 27 June 1977by Pope Paul VI 30 November 2002 16 April 2005 2 years 147 days Bernardin Gantin Elected Pope Benedict XVI in 2005 Retired on 28 February 2013Angelo Sodano 23 November 1927 27 May 2022 2022 05 27 aged 94 28 June 1991by Pope John Paul II 30 April 2005 21 December 2019 14 years 235 days Joseph Ratzinger retired in 2019Giovanni Battista Re 1934 01 30 30 January 1934 age 89 21 February 2001by Pope John Paul II 18 January 2020 present 3 years 46 days Angelo SodanoReferences Edit Acta Apostolicae Sedis PDF in Latin Vol IX part II 1917 p 50 Canon 237 Retrieved 22 December 2019 A Letter in the form of a Motu Proprio regarding the Office of Dean of the College of Cardinals 21 12 2019 29 November 2019 Retrieved 21 December 2019 Seneze Nicolas 21 December 2019 Demission d Angelo Sodano doyen des cardinaux La Croix in French Retrieved 22 December 2019 Audience of the Holy Father to the Roman Curia on the occasion of the presentation of Christmas wishes 21 12 2019 Holy See Press Office 21 December 2019 Retrieved 21 December 2019 Wooden Cindy 22 December 2019 Pope sets term of office for dean of College of Cardinals ncronline com The National Catholic Reporter Publishing Company Retrieved 20 September 2020 Pope John Paul II 22 February 1996 Universi Dominici Gregis art 19 Libreria Editrice Vaticana Archived from the original on 2007 05 06 Retrieved 2007 10 08 Canon 355 section 1 Retrieved 21 December 2019 Canon 350 section 4 Retrieved 21 December 2019 Acta Apostolicae Sedis PDF in Latin Vol VI 1914 pp 219 20 Retrieved 21 December 2019 For the first half of 12th century the source is Rudolf Huls Kardinale Klerus und Kirchen Roms 1049 1130 Tubingen 1977 p 84 for the rest the respective biographical entries by S Miranda with corrections appearing from J M Brixius Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 1181 Berlin 1912 Werner Maleczek Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 Vienna 1984 Agostino Paravicini Bagliani Cardinali di curia e familiae cardinalizie dal 1227 al 1254 Padova 1972 and Richard Sternfeld Der Kardinal Johann Gaetan Orsini Papst Nikolaus III 1244 1277 Berlin 1905 for 12 13th centuries John F Broderick S J The Sacred College of Cardinals Size and Geographical Composition 1099 1986 Archivum Historiae Pontificiae Vol 25 1987 pp 7 71 at p 9 note 6 And see Edith Pasztor Riforma della chiesa nel secolo XI e l origine del Collegio dei Cardinali Problemi e ricerche in Studio sul Medioevo cristiano offerti a Raffaello Morghen II Roma 1974 pp 609 625 arguing that the College of Cardinals did not yet exist at the end of the 11th century Without the existence of the College of course a Dean of the College of Cardinals would be impossible According to Pandulphus Pisanus Vita Gelasii II in J Watterich Pontificum Romanorum Vitae Tomus II Lipsiae 1862 p 94 Interim autem Paschali papa defuncto venerabilis pater dominus Petrus Portuensis episcopus qui primatum post papam per longa jam diutius tempora detinuerat cumque eo omnes presbyteri ac diaconi cardinales de eligendo Pontifice et in commune communiter et singulariter singuli pertractare coeperunt pro domino cancellario in monasterio Cassinensi commanente Cardinal Pietro led the electoral meeting in 1118 He joined the obedience of Antipope Anacletus II in 1130 He joined the obedience of Antipope Victor IV in 1159 1 He was the only cardinal bishop in the Roman obedience after 1397 Former Pope Gregory XII of the Roman obedience Former Pisan Antipope John XXIII Although Pierre de Foix bishop of Albano was the most senior Cardinal Bishop 1445 64 he was omitted in filling the post of Dean of the Sacred College because he resided outside the Roman Curia Cardinal bishop of Sabina Former Antipope Felix V This cardinal is not referred to as dean by S Miranda but his occupation of that post appears from the order of seniority He opted for the see of Ostia e Velletri in November 1503 From that time deans of the College of Cardinals usually opted for that see immediately after assuming that post although few exceptions to this rule had occurred Cardinal bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina According to L Pastor History of the Popes vol XXXIV London 1941 p 303 and Valerie Pirie The Triple Crown An Account of the Papal Conclaves he was Dean of the Sacred College in the Papal conclave 1730 Also G Moroni Dizionario di erudizione storico ecclesiastica da S Pietro sino ai nostri giorni vol X p 15 affirms that he was dean of the Sacred College but never opted for the see of Ostia e Velletri Salvador Miranda indicates that Fabrizio Serbelloni was dean of the Sacred College 1774 1775 2 but according to G Moroni Dizionario di erudizione storico ecclesiastica da S Pietro sino ai nostri giorn vol LXIV p 173 Serbelloni was named bishop of Ostia e Velletri on 18 April 1774 only for that reason that Albani who became dean at the death of Cavalchini refused to resign the bishopric of Porto e Santa Rufina However Cardinal Albani eventually opted for the see of Ostia e Velletri after the death of Serbelloni in the following year Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dean of the College of Cardinals amp oldid 1142764186, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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