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Pierre Desprès

May 07, 2024

Pierre Desprès (or Des Près, or Des Prés; Lat. de Pratis) (1288–1361) was a French Cardinal during the period of the Avignon Papacy.

Cardinal

Pierre Desprès
Cardinal-Bishop
ChurchSanta Pudenziana (1321-1323)
DiocesePalestrina (1323-1361)
Orders
Created cardinal20 December 1320
by Pope John XXII
Personal details
Born1288
Montpezat-de-Quercy FR
Died16 May 1361
Avignon FR
BuriedMontpezat FR
NationalityFrench
ParentsRaymond II Desprès, seigneur of Montpezat
Aspasie de Montaigut
Occupationlawyer, teacher
EducationDoctorate in Civil Law
Alma materToulouse
Pierre Desprès

Biography edit

Pierre Desprès was born in 1288, at Montpezat-de-Quercy. He was the son of Raymond II Desprès, seigneur of Montpezat, and Aspasie de Montaigut, the heiress of Bertrand, seigneur de Montaigut.[1] He had a brother, Raymond, who was ennobled in 1325.[2] Pesserat points out that Montpezat was an important town, being the seat of the Archdeacon of Montpezat in the diocese of Cahors, who was also Sacristan of the Cathedral.[3] Not at all coincidentally, Pope John XXII was a native of Cahors, and his father had been Sieur de Saint-Félix en Quercy.[4] With his expertise in the law as a teacher and practitioner, and with his experience as a judge in the Roman Curia, Pierre Desprès was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the Church by John XXII, where he served from 1325 to 1361. He was thus head of the Papal Secretariat, in charge of the drafting of papal bulls and letters, and a principal papal advisor. The post was also one of the most lucrative in the Roman Curia, since a fee was charged for every document and the Vice-Chancellor received a share of every fee.

By 8 January 1308 Desprès was Canon of the church of Batilhaco in the diocese of Clermont. In 1314 he is named as being present as Doctor legum when the Faculty of Law at the University of Toulouse was granted its charter.[5] On 22 September 1316 he was appointed Canon in the Church of Tournai.[6]

On 9 April 1317, Desprès, as Canon of Saintes, was appointed along with Bishop Galhard de Saumade of Riez to collect and administer the property of the condemned and deposed Bishop of Cahors, Hugues Géraud. Hugues and others had conspired to attack and murder Pope John XXII. Magic and poison were involved.[7] On 7 May 1317, he is addressed as Canon of Tournai, when Pope John XXII appointed him, along with Bishop Galhard de Saumade of Riez to collect evidence as to the crimes of Master Bernard de Artigia, papal Chaplain and Cantor of Poitiers, who was one of the conspirators, and draw up an indictment.[8]

Bishop edit

By 1 September 1317 Desprès was a Chaplain of Pope John XXII, and Provost of the church of Clermont, as well as Auditor causarum Sacri Palatii (judge).[9] Desprès was named Bishop of Riez on 31 March 1318 by Pope John XXII, after the incumbent Galhard Saumate was transferred to Maguelonne. Desprès was not the first choice; Galhard de Pressac, Bishop of Toulouse refused the transfer.[10] He received the episcopal consecration from Cardinal Nicolò Albertini, Bishop of Ostia, before 7 May 1318.[11] Pierre Desprès held the diocese until 11 September 1318.[12] On 11 September 1318 he was appointed archbishop of Aix, a position he held for an equally brief time, until 20 December 1320.[13]

Cardinal edit

In the consistory of 20 December 1320, the third of his reign for the promotion of cardinals, Pope John XXII created Pierre Desprès a Cardinal Priest. He was apparently not in Avignon at the time, since he went for some weeks without having a title assigned. On 28 January 1321 he was still without a title, when he was granted the benefice of the church of S. Laugerius in the diocese of Aix.[14] But in due course he received the title of Santa Pudenziana.[15]

Then he was named bishop of Palestrina (25 May 1323) and Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (20 April 1325 – 7 May 1361).[16] That pair of promotions was extraordinarily swift, showing the degree of confidence placed in Pierre Desprès' skills by Pope John XXII.

In February 1326, Cardinal Desprès sat as an examiner in the case of William de Cotes, who had appeared at the Papal Court attempting to obtain relief against the Bishop of Worcester, who had sequestrated the rectory of Seynesbury. The Bishop had written to the Pope, pointing out that the benefice had been obtained with forged bulls, supplied by one William de Alveston, a cleric of the diocese of Worcester; William de Cotes confessed to Cardinal Pierre, and the arrest and interrogation of William de Alveston was ordered.[17]

In July 1327, the Cardinal consecrated Walter, Bishop of Cork in Ireland.[18]

In 1332 Pope John XXII commissioned Cardinal Pierre Desprès and Cardinal Pierre de Mortemart of Limoges to act as arbitrators in the dispute between Ademar de la Voulte, Bishop of Valence (1331-1336), and Aymar of Poitou Count of Valence, over the ownership of the town of Crista.[19]

Conclave of 1334 edit

Pope John XXII died in the Apostolic Palace in Avignon on 4 December 1334. The day before, he held a meeting at his deathbed of the cardinals who were in Avignon. At this meeting he made his retraction of his views on beatific vision.[20] Cardinal Pierre Desprès was one of those who participated in the event.[21] The Conclave to elect his successor began on 13 December 1334, with twenty-four cardinals, Pierre Desprès among them, in attendance. A majority of the cardinals had decided that they did not want to return the papacy to Rome, and that therefore they would not elect anyone who would not swear to keep the papacy in Avignon. There was a two-thirds majority of the cardinals who were prepared to vote for Cardinal Jean-Raymond de Comminges, the Bishop of Porto. He, however, had the strongest objections to the legality and propriety of taking such an oath. On the evening of 20 December a two-thirds majority finally settled on Cardinal Jacques Fournier, O.Cist., the cardinal protopriest. He was crowned as Pope Benedict XII on 8 January 1335.[22]

Cardinal Pierre Desprès assisted in the revision of the Statutes of the Franciscans.[23] The revision was published by Pope Benedict XII on 28 November 1336.[24] This was not the Cardinal's first experience with Franciscan statutes and discipline. He was present on 1 August 1331 along with seven other cardinals (one of whom was Jacques Fournier, the future Benedict XII), when Pope John XXII issued a viva voce precept to two of the ministers of the Franciscan Order that they should observe the Rule of St. Francis, as well as the Constitutions of Nicholas III and Clement V, on the use of money. Fr. Guiral Ot, Minister General of the Franciscans was present and acted as witness.[25]

Cardinal Desprès became Dean of the College of Cardinals following the death of Cardinal Guillaume Pierre Godin, OP, on 4 June 1336.

In March 1342, the Cardinal consecrated William, Bishop of St. Andrews, in Scotland.[26]

Conclave of 1342 edit

Pope Benedict XII died on 25 April 1342. Cardinal Desprès presided over the Conclave of 1342, though it cannot be said that he was a major force. Eighteen cardinals entered Conclave on Sunday, 5 May 1342, and produced a new Pope only two days later. The successful candidate was Cardinal Jacques Fournier of Limoges, former Chancellor of King Philip VI of France. He was fifty years of age. He was crowned on Pentecost Sunday, 19 May 1342, and took the throne name Clement VI.[27]

As early as 1324 Cardinal Desprès had the consent of Pope John XXII to establish a community of priests in Montpezat, but it was Benedict XII who authorized Saint-Martin to become a prioral church with six chaplains and two clerks. On 15 July 1343, Clement VI authorized the addition of six more chaplains and a change in name of the ruler of the church from Prior to Dean.[28] In 1343, therefore, the Cardinal carried out the foundation and endowment of a Collegiate Church, called Saint-Martin, in his home-town of Montpezat-de-Quercy.[29] The corporation was to consist of fifteen canons.[30] It was to be financed by the grant of a number of parishes in the diocese of Cahors, as many as one quarter of the churches in the diocese; though, as it turned out, the greater part of the Collegiate Church's income was to come from Requiem Masses said by the various priests for the benefit of various donors.[31]

On 30 June 1342, during the pontificate of Clement VI, he was appointed as papal legate with Annibaldo di Ceccano, Bishop of Tusculum, to establish peace between France and England in the Hundred Years' War.[32] Their mission was only partially successful: they arranged a truce in Malestroit in January 1343.[33] Another mission was sent in November 1345, with Annibaldo di Ceccano, but not with Pierre Desprès, who was replaced by Cardinal Étienne Aubert.[34]

In 1345 he is on record[35] as being Archdeacon of York, and Canon and Prebend of Wistowe[36] in the Church of York. He was provided on 1 June 1321, and was admitted on 14 September 1321; he held the post until his death on 30 September 1361.[37] Before his promotion to York in 1321, Pierre Desprès was Archdeacon of Rochester.[38] He also held benefices in the Spanish churches. He was Archdeacon of Xàtiva in the Church of Valencia, he held the Decemberprovostship in the Cathedral of Valencia, and he held a prebend in the Cathedral of Mallorca.[39]

In 1348, Cardinal Desprès acted as examiner of candidates for the office of papal notary. He performed the same service in 1352.[40] In March 1349 the Cardinal consecrated Thomas, Bishop of Leighlin in County Carlow, Ireland.[41] In June 1352 he consecrated John, Bishop of Cloyne, Ireland.[42] In January 1353 he consecrated Gregory, Bishop of Down in Ireland. In the same month he consecrated Nicholas, Bishop of Meath in Ireland.[43] In June 1355 he consecrated John, Bishop of Dunkeld in Scotland.[44]

Conclave of 1352 edit

 
Saint-Pierre, Avignon

Pope Clement VI died in the Apostolic Palace in Avignon on 6 December 1352. Cardinal Pierre Desprès, Bishop of Palestrina and Dean of the College of Cardinals, presided over the Conclave of 1352. Despite the fact that he was Vice-Chancellor of the Church, the evidence does not indicate that he was a major force in the discussions, or that he had much time to become an influence. The leaders of the two major factions were Cardinal Guy de Boulogne and Cardinal Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, each of whom controlled sufficient votes to deny members of the other party the canonically necessary two-thirds of the votes for a successful election. There was plenty to fight about. The cardinals eventually drew up a set of Electoral Capitulations, which are enumerated by the new Pope, Innocent VI, in the bull by which he annulled them.[45] The Conclave opened on Sunday, 16 December, and came to a successful conclusion on Tuesday, 18 December, with the election of Cardinal Étienne Aubert (Stephanus Alberti).[46] The swiftness of the election is attributed to the fact that it was known by the cardinals that King John II of France was on his way to Avignon, intending to have a pope who would serve his interests. Wanting to preserve the liberty of the Church and their own, the Cardinals put aside their customary leisurely pace and produced a Pope before the King's arrival.[47]

In 1355, Cardinal Pierre Desprès was assigned as arbitrator between Andruin, Abbot of Cluny and Philip Abbot of Sancti Sequani (Saint-Seine) in the diocese of Mâcon,[48] in a dispute that reached back to the time of Pope Boniface VIII. On 25 September 1355 Pope Innocent VI issued a bull, confirming the decision of Cardinal Desprès, requiring the payment of 50 gold florins to Cluny every year on All Saints' Day.[49]

In 1358, Cardinal Desprès rebuilt the Church of Saint-Pierre in Avignon, which had last been repaired in the tenth century and had fallen into ruins. He established it as a Collegiate Church with Canons.[50]

Death and tomb edit

Cardinal Pierre Desprès died of plague[51] on 16 May 1361[52] (or 30 September 1361[53]), at the age of 73. He was buried in the Collegiate Church of Montpezat in the Choir.[54] His marble effigy survives and is classed as an historical monument by the French Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication.[55][56]

References edit

  1. ^ Joseph Hyacinthe Albanés; Louis Fillet; Ulysse Chevalier (1899). Gallia christiana novissima: Aix, Apt, Fréjus, Gap, Riez et Sisteron (in French and Latin). Montbéliard: Société anonyme d'imprimerie montbéliardaise. pp. 79–80 and 603–604.
  2. ^ Baluze (ed. Mollat, II), p. 245, n. 3.
  3. ^ Pesserat, p. 199. More than 90 churches were under his care.
  4. ^ Duchesne, "Histoire", p. 437.
  5. ^ Marcel Fournier (1892). Histoire de la science du droit en France (in French). Vol. Tome III. L. Larose & Forcel. pp. 227 and 332.
  6. ^ Albe, p. 38, n. 1.
  7. ^ Albe, p. 38 and n. 1.
  8. ^ Coulon (ed.), Jean XXII: Lettres secretes et curiales I, no. 224, pp. 175-178.
  9. ^ Paul Maria Baumgarten (1908). Von der Apostolischen kanzlei: untersuchungen über die Päpstlichen tabellionen und die vizekanzler der Heiligen römischen kirche im XIII. XIV. u XV. jahrhundert (in German). Cologne: J.P. Bachem. p. 104.
  10. ^ Gallia christiana novissima, pp. 79-80.
  11. ^ Gallia christiana novissima, Instrumenta, XXX, p. 390.
  12. ^ Eubel, p. 417.
  13. ^ Gallia christiana novissima, Instrumenta, p. 55.
  14. ^ G. Mollat (ed.), Jean XXII. Lettres communes Tome troisième (Paris 1906), p. 237, no. 12884.
  15. ^ Eubel, p. 15, and note 9.
  16. ^ Paul Maria Baumgarten (1908). Von der Apostolischen kanzlei: untersuchungen über die Päpstlichen tabellionen und die vizekanzler der Heiligen römischen kirche im XIII. XIV. u XV. jahrhundert (in German and Latin). Cologne: J.P. Bachem. pp. 104–107.
  17. ^ Bliss (1895), p. 246.
  18. ^ Bliss (1895), p. 259.
  19. ^ Baluze (1693), I, p. 747 [ed. Mollat, II, p. 247].
  20. ^ Marc Dykmans, "Pope John XXII and the Beatific Vision Controversy," Annuale Mediaevale 8 (1967) : 76-84
  21. ^ Baronio (ed. Theiner), vol. 25, under the year 1334, § 36, p. 15.
  22. ^ J. P. Adams, Sede Vacante 1334. Retrieved: 2016-06-20.
  23. ^ Baronio (ed. A. Theiner) Vol. 25, under the year 1336, § 65, p. 88.
  24. ^ A. Tomassetti, ed. (1859). Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum Romanorum pontificum Taurensis editio (in Latin). Vol. Tomus IV. Turin: Seb. Franco. p. 592.
  25. ^ Nold, Patrick (2007). "Pope John XXII's Annotations on the Franciscan Rule: Content and Contexts". Franciscan Studies. 65: 295–324, at 315-316. JSTOR 41975430.
  26. ^ Bliss (1895), p. 557.
  27. ^ J. P. Adams, Sede Vacante 1342. Retrieved: 2016-06-21.
  28. ^ Passerat, p. 200.
  29. ^ In general see: J.-M. Garric, La collégiale Saint-Martin (Montauban, 1993).
  30. ^ Passerat, p. 197.
  31. ^ Passerat, pp. 198, 201-202.
  32. ^ Baronio (ed. A. Theiner), Vol. 25, pp. 279-81, under the year 1342, § 9-11. Bliss and Johnson, pp. 73-75.
  33. ^ Baluze (1693), I, p. 747 [ed. Mollat, II, p. 247].
  34. ^ Bliss and Johnson, pp. 22-23.
  35. ^ Thomas Rymer (1739). "Vol. II, part ii". Foedera, conventiones, literae, et cujuscumque generis acta publica inter reges Angliae, et alios quosvis imperatores, reges, pontifices... ab 1101 ad nostra usque tempora (in Latin). Vol. II, parts i and ii (third ed.). Hague: Neauline. p. 173.
  36. ^ British History Online, Prebends of Wistow. Retrieved: 2016-06-20.
  37. ^ British History Online, Archdeacons of York, West Riding. Retrieved: 2016-06-20. He was granted the privilege of visiting his Archdeaconry by proxy by Pope Clement VI on 29 June 1344: Bliss and Johnson, p. 146.
  38. ^ Bliss (1895), p. 234. British History Online, Archdeacons of Rochester. Retrieved: 2016-06-22.
  39. ^ Lützelschwab, p. 489.
  40. ^ Bliss and Johnson, p. 275 and p. 471.
  41. ^ Bliss and Johnson, p. 305.
  42. ^ Bliss and Johnson, p. 461.
  43. ^ Bliss and Johnson, p. 482 and p. 488.
  44. ^ Bliss and Johnson, p. 563.
  45. ^ Baronio (ed. A.Theiner), Vol. 25, p. 540, under the year 1352, §§ 25 and 26.
  46. ^ J. P. Adams, Sede Vacante 1352. Retrieved: 2016-06-21.
  47. ^ Matteo Villani, Cronica Book III, chapter 45; Baronio (ed. A. Theiner), Vol. 25, p. 541, under the year 1352, § 27.
  48. ^ Gallia christiana Volume 4 (Paris 1728), p. 695, 699-700.
  49. ^ CNRS, TELMA, Chartae gallicae. P. Simon, Bullarium sacri Ordinis cluniacensis, complectens plurima privilegia per summos pontifices tum ipsi cluniacensi abbatiae, tum ei subditis monasteriis hactenus concessa (Lyon, Jullieron, 1680), p. 178, col. 2-180, col. 1.
  50. ^ J.-B.-M. Joudou (1842). Avignon, son histoire, ses papes, ses monumens et ses environs (in French). Avignon: L. Aubanel. pp. 404–405.
  51. ^ Between 28 March 1361 and 25 July 1361, about 6000 persons died at Avignon, including some 100 bishops and eight or nine cardinals. "Secunda Vita Innocentis VI", in Baluze (1693), I, pp. 341 and 355.
  52. ^ Matteo Villani, Cronica Liber X. capitolo LXXI, (pp. 366-367 Dragomanni) names eight cardinals who died between May and August, in more or less chronological order; Pierre Desprès is first on his list.
  53. ^ Eubel, p. 15.
  54. ^ Meras, p. 40.
  55. ^ Base Palissy: PM82000256, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
  56. ^ Moureau, Emmanuel (2020). "Le gisant du cardinal Pierre des Prés (1280–1361), une oeuvre du sculpteur Pierre Boye". Hortus Artium Medievalium. 26: 336–343.

Bibliography edit

  • Albe, Edmond (1904). Autour de Jean XXII.: Hugues Géraud, évêque de Cahors. L'affaire des poisons et des envoûtements en 1317 (in French). Paris: Société des Études Littéraires, Scientifiques et Artistiques du Lot.
  • Baluze [Baluzius], Etienne [Stephanus] (1693). Vitae paparum Avenionensium, hoc est, Historia pontificum romanorum qui in Gallia sederunt ab anno Christi MCCCV. usque ad annum MCCCXCIV (in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus. Paris: apud Franciscum Muguet. Nouvelle edition by G. Mollat II (Paris 1927).
  • Baluze, Etienne (1693). Vitae Paparum Avenionensium, Hoc est Historia Pontificum Romanorum qui in Gallia sederunt ab anno Christi MCCCV usque ad annum MCCCXCIV (in Latin). Vol. Tomus secundus. Paris: Muguet.
  • Baronio, Cesare (1872). Augustin Theiner (ed.). Annales ecclesiastici: A. D. 1-1571 denuo excusi et ad nostra usque tempora perducti ab Augustino Theiner (in Latin). Vol. Tomus vigesimus quartus (24). Paris: Typis et sumptibus Ludovici Guerin. [1313-1333]
  • Baronio, Cesare (1872). Augustinus Theiner (ed.). Annales ecclesiastici: A. D. 1-1571 denuo excusi et ad nostra usque tempora perducti ab Augustino Theiner (in Latin). Vol. Tomus vigesimus quintus (25). Barri-Ducis: Typis et sumptibus Ludovici Guerin.[1333-1356]
  • Bliss, William H., ed. (1895). Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters. Vol. II (1305-1342). London: H.M. Stationery Office.
  • Bliss, William Henry; Johnson, C. (1897). Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters. Vol. III (1342-1362). London: H.M. Stationery Office.
  • Du Chesne, François (1660). Histoire De Tous Les Cardinaux François De Naissance: (in French). Vol. Tome I. Paris: Aux despens de l' Autheur. pp. 465–470.
  • Du Chesne, François (1660). Preuves de l' Histoire de tous les cardinaux François de naissance (in French and Latin). Paris: Aux despens de l'Autheur & se vendent chez luy. pp. 311–322.
  • Eubel, Konrad (1898). Hierarchia catholica medii aevi: sive Summorum pontificum, S.R.E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series ab anno 1198 usque ad annum [1605] perducta e documentis tabularii praesertim Vaticani collecta, digesta (in Latin). Vol. I. Münster: sumptibus et typis librariae Regensbergianae. (second edition 1913).
  • Lützelschwab, Ralf (2007). Flectat cardinales ad velle suum? Clemens VI. und sein Kardinalskolleg: Ein Beitrag zur kurialen Politik in der Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 471–472. ISBN 978-3-486-84130-5.
  • Meras, Mathieu (1962). "Le Cardinal Pierre des Pres". Bulletin de la Société archéologique de Tarn-et-Garonne. 88: 27–45. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  • Passerat, Georges (1993). "La collegiale et ses canons". Bulletin de la Société Archéologique de Tarn-et-Garonne. 118: 197–206. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  • Renouard, Yves (1970). The Avignon papacy, 1305-1403. Hamden CT USA: Archon Books. ISBN 978-0-208-01156-5.
  • Rollo-Koster, Joëlle (2015). Avignon and Its Papacy, 1309–1417: Popes, Institutions, and Society. New York-London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-1534-4.

External links edit

  • Salvador Miranda, Librarian Emeritus, Florida International University, Consistory of December 20, 1320
  • Quercy, the town (in French)
  • VUE D'EN HAUT : La basilique Saint-Pierre d'Avignon (YouTube) Retrieved: 2016-06-21.
  • Structurae: Saint-Pierre-church-Avignon Retrieved: 2016-06-21.
  • Base Palissy: Tomb of Cardinal Pierre Desprès, Eglise Collègiale de S. Martin, Montbezat, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)

May 07, 2024
pierre, desprès, près, prés, pratis, 1288, 1361, french, cardinal, during, period, avignon, papacy, cardinalcardinal, bishopchurchsanta, pudenziana, 1321, 1323, diocesepalestrina, 1323, 1361, orderscreated, cardinal20, december, 1320by, pope, john, xxiipersona. Pierre Despres or Des Pres or Des Pres Lat de Pratis 1288 1361 was a French Cardinal during the period of the Avignon Papacy CardinalPierre DespresCardinal BishopChurchSanta Pudenziana 1321 1323 DiocesePalestrina 1323 1361 OrdersCreated cardinal20 December 1320by Pope John XXIIPersonal detailsBorn1288Montpezat de Quercy FRDied16 May 1361Avignon FRBuriedMontpezat FRNationalityFrenchParentsRaymond II Despres seigneur of MontpezatAspasie de MontaigutOccupationlawyer teacherEducationDoctorate in Civil LawAlma materToulouse Pierre Despres Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Bishop 1 2 Cardinal 1 3 Conclave of 1334 1 4 Conclave of 1342 1 5 Conclave of 1352 1 6 Death and tomb 2 References 3 Bibliography 4 External linksBiography editPierre Despres was born in 1288 at Montpezat de Quercy He was the son of Raymond II Despres seigneur of Montpezat and Aspasie de Montaigut the heiress of Bertrand seigneur de Montaigut 1 He had a brother Raymond who was ennobled in 1325 2 Pesserat points out that Montpezat was an important town being the seat of the Archdeacon of Montpezat in the diocese of Cahors who was also Sacristan of the Cathedral 3 Not at all coincidentally Pope John XXII was a native of Cahors and his father had been Sieur de Saint Felix en Quercy 4 With his expertise in the law as a teacher and practitioner and with his experience as a judge in the Roman Curia Pierre Despres was appointed Vice Chancellor of the Church by John XXII where he served from 1325 to 1361 He was thus head of the Papal Secretariat in charge of the drafting of papal bulls and letters and a principal papal advisor The post was also one of the most lucrative in the Roman Curia since a fee was charged for every document and the Vice Chancellor received a share of every fee By 8 January 1308 Despres was Canon of the church of Batilhaco in the diocese of Clermont In 1314 he is named as being present as Doctor legum when the Faculty of Law at the University of Toulouse was granted its charter 5 On 22 September 1316 he was appointed Canon in the Church of Tournai 6 On 9 April 1317 Despres as Canon of Saintes was appointed along with Bishop Galhard de Saumade of Riez to collect and administer the property of the condemned and deposed Bishop of Cahors Hugues Geraud Hugues and others had conspired to attack and murder Pope John XXII Magic and poison were involved 7 On 7 May 1317 he is addressed as Canon of Tournai when Pope John XXII appointed him along with Bishop Galhard de Saumade of Riez to collect evidence as to the crimes of Master Bernard de Artigia papal Chaplain and Cantor of Poitiers who was one of the conspirators and draw up an indictment 8 Bishop edit By 1 September 1317 Despres was a Chaplain of Pope John XXII and Provost of the church of Clermont as well as Auditor causarum Sacri Palatii judge 9 Despres was named Bishop of Riez on 31 March 1318 by Pope John XXII after the incumbent Galhard Saumate was transferred to Maguelonne Despres was not the first choice Galhard de Pressac Bishop of Toulouse refused the transfer 10 He received the episcopal consecration from Cardinal Nicolo Albertini Bishop of Ostia before 7 May 1318 11 Pierre Despres held the diocese until 11 September 1318 12 On 11 September 1318 he was appointed archbishop of Aix a position he held for an equally brief time until 20 December 1320 13 Cardinal edit In the consistory of 20 December 1320 the third of his reign for the promotion of cardinals Pope John XXII created Pierre Despres a Cardinal Priest He was apparently not in Avignon at the time since he went for some weeks without having a title assigned On 28 January 1321 he was still without a title when he was granted the benefice of the church of S Laugerius in the diocese of Aix 14 But in due course he received the title of Santa Pudenziana 15 Then he was named bishop of Palestrina 25 May 1323 and Vice Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church 20 April 1325 7 May 1361 16 That pair of promotions was extraordinarily swift showing the degree of confidence placed in Pierre Despres skills by Pope John XXII In February 1326 Cardinal Despres sat as an examiner in the case of William de Cotes who had appeared at the Papal Court attempting to obtain relief against the Bishop of Worcester who had sequestrated the rectory of Seynesbury The Bishop had written to the Pope pointing out that the benefice had been obtained with forged bulls supplied by one William de Alveston a cleric of the diocese of Worcester William de Cotes confessed to Cardinal Pierre and the arrest and interrogation of William de Alveston was ordered 17 In July 1327 the Cardinal consecrated Walter Bishop of Cork in Ireland 18 In 1332 Pope John XXII commissioned Cardinal Pierre Despres and Cardinal Pierre de Mortemart of Limoges to act as arbitrators in the dispute between Ademar de la Voulte Bishop of Valence 1331 1336 and Aymar of Poitou Count of Valence over the ownership of the town of Crista 19 Conclave of 1334 edit Pope John XXII died in the Apostolic Palace in Avignon on 4 December 1334 The day before he held a meeting at his deathbed of the cardinals who were in Avignon At this meeting he made his retraction of his views on beatific vision 20 Cardinal Pierre Despres was one of those who participated in the event 21 The Conclave to elect his successor began on 13 December 1334 with twenty four cardinals Pierre Despres among them in attendance A majority of the cardinals had decided that they did not want to return the papacy to Rome and that therefore they would not elect anyone who would not swear to keep the papacy in Avignon There was a two thirds majority of the cardinals who were prepared to vote for Cardinal Jean Raymond de Comminges the Bishop of Porto He however had the strongest objections to the legality and propriety of taking such an oath On the evening of 20 December a two thirds majority finally settled on Cardinal Jacques Fournier O Cist the cardinal protopriest He was crowned as Pope Benedict XII on 8 January 1335 22 Cardinal Pierre Despres assisted in the revision of the Statutes of the Franciscans 23 The revision was published by Pope Benedict XII on 28 November 1336 24 This was not the Cardinal s first experience with Franciscan statutes and discipline He was present on 1 August 1331 along with seven other cardinals one of whom was Jacques Fournier the future Benedict XII when Pope John XXII issued a viva voce precept to two of the ministers of the Franciscan Order that they should observe the Rule of St Francis as well as the Constitutions of Nicholas III and Clement V on the use of money Fr Guiral Ot Minister General of the Franciscans was present and acted as witness 25 Cardinal Despres became Dean of the College of Cardinals following the death of Cardinal Guillaume Pierre Godin OP on 4 June 1336 In March 1342 the Cardinal consecrated William Bishop of St Andrews in Scotland 26 Conclave of 1342 edit Pope Benedict XII died on 25 April 1342 Cardinal Despres presided over the Conclave of 1342 though it cannot be said that he was a major force Eighteen cardinals entered Conclave on Sunday 5 May 1342 and produced a new Pope only two days later The successful candidate was Cardinal Jacques Fournier of Limoges former Chancellor of King Philip VI of France He was fifty years of age He was crowned on Pentecost Sunday 19 May 1342 and took the throne name Clement VI 27 As early as 1324 Cardinal Despres had the consent of Pope John XXII to establish a community of priests in Montpezat but it was Benedict XII who authorized Saint Martin to become a prioral church with six chaplains and two clerks On 15 July 1343 Clement VI authorized the addition of six more chaplains and a change in name of the ruler of the church from Prior to Dean 28 In 1343 therefore the Cardinal carried out the foundation and endowment of a Collegiate Church called Saint Martin in his home town of Montpezat de Quercy 29 The corporation was to consist of fifteen canons 30 It was to be financed by the grant of a number of parishes in the diocese of Cahors as many as one quarter of the churches in the diocese though as it turned out the greater part of the Collegiate Church s income was to come from Requiem Masses said by the various priests for the benefit of various donors 31 On 30 June 1342 during the pontificate of Clement VI he was appointed as papal legate with Annibaldo di Ceccano Bishop of Tusculum to establish peace between France and England in the Hundred Years War 32 Their mission was only partially successful they arranged a truce in Malestroit in January 1343 33 Another mission was sent in November 1345 with Annibaldo di Ceccano but not with Pierre Despres who was replaced by Cardinal Etienne Aubert 34 In 1345 he is on record 35 as being Archdeacon of York and Canon and Prebend of Wistowe 36 in the Church of York He was provided on 1 June 1321 and was admitted on 14 September 1321 he held the post until his death on 30 September 1361 37 Before his promotion to York in 1321 Pierre Despres was Archdeacon of Rochester 38 He also held benefices in the Spanish churches He was Archdeacon of Xativa in the Church of Valencia he held the Decemberprovostship in the Cathedral of Valencia and he held a prebend in the Cathedral of Mallorca 39 In 1348 Cardinal Despres acted as examiner of candidates for the office of papal notary He performed the same service in 1352 40 In March 1349 the Cardinal consecrated Thomas Bishop of Leighlin in County Carlow Ireland 41 In June 1352 he consecrated John Bishop of Cloyne Ireland 42 In January 1353 he consecrated Gregory Bishop of Down in Ireland In the same month he consecrated Nicholas Bishop of Meath in Ireland 43 In June 1355 he consecrated John Bishop of Dunkeld in Scotland 44 Conclave of 1352 edit nbsp Saint Pierre Avignon Pope Clement VI died in the Apostolic Palace in Avignon on 6 December 1352 Cardinal Pierre Despres Bishop of Palestrina and Dean of the College of Cardinals presided over the Conclave of 1352 Despite the fact that he was Vice Chancellor of the Church the evidence does not indicate that he was a major force in the discussions or that he had much time to become an influence The leaders of the two major factions were Cardinal Guy de Boulogne and Cardinal Helie de Talleyrand Perigord each of whom controlled sufficient votes to deny members of the other party the canonically necessary two thirds of the votes for a successful election There was plenty to fight about The cardinals eventually drew up a set of Electoral Capitulations which are enumerated by the new Pope Innocent VI in the bull by which he annulled them 45 The Conclave opened on Sunday 16 December and came to a successful conclusion on Tuesday 18 December with the election of Cardinal Etienne Aubert Stephanus Alberti 46 The swiftness of the election is attributed to the fact that it was known by the cardinals that King John II of France was on his way to Avignon intending to have a pope who would serve his interests Wanting to preserve the liberty of the Church and their own the Cardinals put aside their customary leisurely pace and produced a Pope before the King s arrival 47 In 1355 Cardinal Pierre Despres was assigned as arbitrator between Andruin Abbot of Cluny and Philip Abbot of Sancti Sequani Saint Seine in the diocese of Macon 48 in a dispute that reached back to the time of Pope Boniface VIII On 25 September 1355 Pope Innocent VI issued a bull confirming the decision of Cardinal Despres requiring the payment of 50 gold florins to Cluny every year on All Saints Day 49 In 1358 Cardinal Despres rebuilt the Church of Saint Pierre in Avignon which had last been repaired in the tenth century and had fallen into ruins He established it as a Collegiate Church with Canons 50 Death and tomb edit Cardinal Pierre Despres died of plague 51 on 16 May 1361 52 or 30 September 1361 53 at the age of 73 He was buried in the Collegiate Church of Montpezat in the Choir 54 His marble effigy survives and is classed as an historical monument by the French Ministere de la Culture et de la Communication 55 56 References edit Joseph Hyacinthe Albanes Louis Fillet Ulysse Chevalier 1899 Gallia christiana novissima Aix Apt Frejus Gap Riez et Sisteron in French and Latin Montbeliard Societe anonyme d imprimerie montbeliardaise pp 79 80 and 603 604 Baluze ed Mollat II p 245 n 3 Pesserat p 199 More than 90 churches were under his care Duchesne Histoire p 437 Marcel Fournier 1892 Histoire de la science du droit en France in French Vol Tome III L Larose amp Forcel pp 227 and 332 Albe p 38 n 1 Albe p 38 and n 1 Coulon ed Jean XXII Lettres secretes et curiales I no 224 pp 175 178 Paul Maria Baumgarten 1908 Von der Apostolischen kanzlei untersuchungen uber die Papstlichen tabellionen und die vizekanzler der Heiligen romischen kirche im XIII XIV u XV jahrhundert in German Cologne J P Bachem p 104 Gallia christiana novissima pp 79 80 Gallia christiana novissima Instrumenta XXX p 390 Eubel p 417 Gallia christiana novissima Instrumenta p 55 G Mollat ed Jean XXII Lettres communes Tome troisieme Paris 1906 p 237 no 12884 Eubel p 15 and note 9 Paul Maria Baumgarten 1908 Von der Apostolischen kanzlei untersuchungen uber die Papstlichen tabellionen und die vizekanzler der Heiligen romischen kirche im XIII XIV u XV jahrhundert in German and Latin Cologne J P Bachem pp 104 107 Bliss 1895 p 246 Bliss 1895 p 259 Baluze 1693 I p 747 ed Mollat II p 247 Marc Dykmans Pope John XXII and the Beatific Vision Controversy Annuale Mediaevale 8 1967 76 84 Baronio ed Theiner vol 25 under the year 1334 36 p 15 J P Adams Sede Vacante 1334 Retrieved 2016 06 20 Baronio ed A Theiner Vol 25 under the year 1336 65 p 88 A Tomassetti ed 1859 Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum Romanorum pontificum Taurensis editio in Latin Vol Tomus IV Turin Seb Franco p 592 Nold Patrick 2007 Pope John XXII s Annotations on the Franciscan Rule Content and Contexts Franciscan Studies 65 295 324 at 315 316 JSTOR 41975430 Bliss 1895 p 557 J P Adams Sede Vacante 1342 Retrieved 2016 06 21 Passerat p 200 In general see J M Garric La collegiale Saint Martin Montauban 1993 Passerat p 197 Passerat pp 198 201 202 Baronio ed A Theiner Vol 25 pp 279 81 under the year 1342 9 11 Bliss and Johnson pp 73 75 Baluze 1693 I p 747 ed Mollat II p 247 Bliss and Johnson pp 22 23 Thomas Rymer 1739 Vol II part ii Foedera conventiones literae et cujuscumque generis acta publica inter reges Angliae et alios quosvis imperatores reges pontifices ab 1101 ad nostra usque tempora in Latin Vol II parts i and ii third ed Hague Neauline p 173 British History Online Prebends of Wistow Retrieved 2016 06 20 British History Online Archdeacons of York West Riding Retrieved 2016 06 20 He was granted the privilege of visiting his Archdeaconry by proxy by Pope Clement VI on 29 June 1344 Bliss and Johnson p 146 Bliss 1895 p 234 British History Online Archdeacons of Rochester Retrieved 2016 06 22 Lutzelschwab p 489 Bliss and Johnson p 275 and p 471 Bliss and Johnson p 305 Bliss and Johnson p 461 Bliss and Johnson p 482 and p 488 Bliss and Johnson p 563 Baronio ed A Theiner Vol 25 p 540 under the year 1352 25 and 26 J P Adams Sede Vacante 1352 Retrieved 2016 06 21 Matteo Villani Cronica Book III chapter 45 Baronio ed A Theiner Vol 25 p 541 under the year 1352 27 Gallia christiana Volume 4 Paris 1728 p 695 699 700 CNRS TELMA Chartae gallicae P Simon Bullarium sacri Ordinis cluniacensis complectens plurima privilegia per summos pontifices tum ipsi cluniacensi abbatiae tum ei subditis monasteriis hactenus concessa Lyon Jullieron 1680 p 178 col 2 180 col 1 J B M Joudou 1842 Avignon son histoire ses papes ses monumens et ses environs in French Avignon L Aubanel pp 404 405 Between 28 March 1361 and 25 July 1361 about 6000 persons died at Avignon including some 100 bishops and eight or nine cardinals Secunda Vita Innocentis VI in Baluze 1693 I pp 341 and 355 Matteo Villani Cronica Liber X capitolo LXXI pp 366 367 Dragomanni names eight cardinals who died between May and August in more or less chronological order Pierre Despres is first on his list Eubel p 15 Meras p 40 Base Palissy PM82000256 Ministere francais de la Culture in French Moureau Emmanuel 2020 Le gisant du cardinal Pierre des Pres 1280 1361 une oeuvre du sculpteur Pierre Boye Hortus Artium Medievalium 26 336 343 Bibliography editAlbe Edmond 1904 Autour de Jean XXII Hugues Geraud eveque de Cahors L affaire des poisons et des envoutements en 1317 in French Paris Societe des Etudes Litteraires Scientifiques et Artistiques du Lot Baluze Baluzius Etienne Stephanus 1693 Vitae paparum Avenionensium hoc est Historia pontificum romanorum qui in Gallia sederunt ab anno Christi MCCCV usque ad annum MCCCXCIV in Latin Vol Tomus primus Paris apud Franciscum Muguet Nouvelle edition by G Mollat II Paris 1927 Baluze Etienne 1693 Vitae Paparum Avenionensium Hoc est Historia Pontificum Romanorum qui in Gallia sederunt ab anno Christi MCCCV usque ad annum MCCCXCIV in Latin Vol Tomus secundus Paris Muguet Baronio Cesare 1872 Augustin Theiner ed Annales ecclesiastici A D 1 1571 denuo excusi et ad nostra usque tempora perducti ab Augustino Theiner in Latin Vol Tomus vigesimus quartus 24 Paris Typis et sumptibus Ludovici Guerin 1313 1333 Baronio Cesare 1872 Augustinus Theiner ed Annales ecclesiastici A D 1 1571 denuo excusi et ad nostra usque tempora perducti ab Augustino Theiner in Latin Vol Tomus vigesimus quintus 25 Barri Ducis Typis et sumptibus Ludovici Guerin 1333 1356 Bliss William H ed 1895 Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland Papal Letters Vol II 1305 1342 London H M Stationery Office Bliss William Henry Johnson C 1897 Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland Papal Letters Vol III 1342 1362 London H M Stationery Office Du Chesne Francois 1660 Histoire De Tous Les Cardinaux Francois De Naissance in French Vol Tome I Paris Aux despens de l Autheur pp 465 470 Du Chesne Francois 1660 Preuves de l Histoire de tous les cardinaux Francois de naissance in French and Latin Paris Aux despens de l Autheur amp se vendent chez luy pp 311 322 Eubel Konrad 1898 Hierarchia catholica medii aevi sive Summorum pontificum S R E cardinalium ecclesiarum antistitum series ab anno 1198 usque ad annum 1605 perducta e documentis tabularii praesertim Vaticani collecta digesta in Latin Vol I Munster sumptibus et typis librariae Regensbergianae second edition 1913 Lutzelschwab Ralf 2007 Flectat cardinales ad velle suum Clemens VI und sein Kardinalskolleg Ein Beitrag zur kurialen Politik in der Mitte des 14 Jahrhunderts in German Berlin De Gruyter pp 471 472 ISBN 978 3 486 84130 5 Meras Mathieu 1962 Le Cardinal Pierre des Pres Bulletin de la Societe archeologique de Tarn et Garonne 88 27 45 Retrieved 2016 06 20 Passerat Georges 1993 La collegiale et ses canons Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique de Tarn et Garonne 118 197 206 Retrieved 2016 06 21 Renouard Yves 1970 The Avignon papacy 1305 1403 Hamden CT USA Archon Books ISBN 978 0 208 01156 5 Rollo Koster Joelle 2015 Avignon and Its Papacy 1309 1417 Popes Institutions and Society New York London Rowman amp Littlefield Publishers ISBN 978 1 4422 1534 4 External links editSalvador Miranda Librarian Emeritus Florida International University Consistory of December 20 1320 Quercy the town in French VUE D EN HAUT La basilique Saint Pierre d Avignon YouTube Retrieved 2016 06 21 Structurae Saint Pierre church Avignon Retrieved 2016 06 21 Base Palissy Tomb of Cardinal Pierre Despres Eglise Collegiale de S Martin Montbezat Ministere francais de la Culture in French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pierre Despres amp oldid 1166489761, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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