Jacques de Vitry (Jacobus de Vitriaco, c. 1160/70 – 1 May 1240) was a Frenchcanon regular who was a noted theologian and chronicler of his era. He was elected bishop of Acre in 1214 and made cardinal in 1229. His Historia Orientalis (also known as Historia Hierosolymitana) is an important source for the historiography of the Crusades.
In 1214 Jacques was elected Bishop of Acre. He received episcopal consecration and arrived at his see in 1216. He was subsequently heavily involved in the Fifth Crusade, participating in the siege of Damietta from 1218 to 1220. In 1219 he began to write the Historia Hierosolymitana, a history of the Holy Land from the advent of Islam until the crusades of his own day, but only two parts were completed. He returned to Europe in 1225.
From a document issued by Pope Gregory on 14 May 1240 it appears that de Vitry, shortly before his death, had been elected as the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, but this election was either not ratified by the Pope or he rejected it himself.
Manuscript of Sermones Vulgares, 13th century, by Jacques de Vitry
Aside from the Historia, his works include hundreds of sermons, and letters to Pope Honorius III. He also wrote about the immoral life of the students at the University of Paris and the holy life of the Beguines of Liège, in particular his Life of Marie d'Oignies, whose advice inspired him to become a canon regular.[3]
Jacques de Vitry was fascinated by the powers held by the beguines, such that they were paralleled with the priests of the time, yet functioned outside the church proper.[4] Although this movement was unrecognized in the church, Jacques made appeal to Pope Honorius III to legitimize the work of their community, as well as the Liège diocese, all France and throughout the Holy Roman Empire.[5]
Reliquary at Oigniesedit
In 2015, the CROMIOSS project, led by the Archaeological Society of Namur (SAN) in partnership with several Belgian universities and research institutes, undertook an interdisciplinary scientific study around the reliquary of Jacques de Vitry, located in the church of Saint Marie d’Oigines in Belgium. Anthropological, isotopic and genetic analyses indicated a high likelihood that the remains were in fact those of Jacques de Vitry.[6] His unique parchment mitre was also analysed.[7] Forensic work on the skull, supplemented with DNA evidence, also allowed for the creation of a visual reconstruction of what the bishop might have looked like.[8][9] The remains were reinterred at Oignies in 2019.[10]
Editionsedit
Historiography
Orientalis et occidentalis Historia. ed. F. Moschi, ex officina typographica Balthazaris Belleri, Douai, 1596, (archive.org, online facsimile).
Historia Hierosolimitana. ed. Jacques Bongars, in: Gesta Dei Per Francos, Sive Orientalium Expeditionum, Et Regni Francorum Hierosolimitani Historia. 1611, (online facsimile).
John Frederick Hinnebusch (ed.): The Historia occidentalis of Jacques de Vitry. A Critical Edition (= Spicilegium Friburgense. Texte zur Geschichte des kirchlichen Lebens. vol. 17, ISSN 0561-6158). The University Press, Fribourg 1972.
Jacques de Vitry. Historia Orientalis, ed. Jean Donnadieu, 2008.
Translations:
Abridged and incomplete translation to English: The {Abbreviated} History of Jerusalem, A.D. 1180 by Jacques de Vitry (= Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society vol. 11, no. 2, ZDB-ID 2224954-0), translated by Aubrey Stewart, year 1896.
French translation: Histoire des croisades, par Jacques de Vitry, translated by François Guizot year 1825
Sermons
Sermones de tempore. Kreuzherrenkonvent, Düsseldorf 1486, (Digitized)
Sermones de Tempore. In aedibus viduae & haeredum Ioannis Steelsij, Antwerpen 1575.
Iacobus de Vitriaco. Sermones vulgares vel ad status I, éd. J. Longère (Corpus Christianorum. Continuatio Mediaevalis 255), Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2013 (ISBN978-2-503-54532-5)
Sermones vulgares. In: Analecta Novissima Spicilegii solesmensis. Disseruit Joannes Baptista Pitra. Band 2. Typis Tusculanis, Paris 1888, (excerpts).
The Exempla or Illustrative Stories from the Sermones Vulgares of Jacques de Vitry (= Publications of the Folk-Lore Society. 26, ZDB-ID 401527-7). Edited with introduction, analysis, and notes by Thomas Frederick Crane. Nutt, London 1890, (archive.org).
Joseph Greven (ed.): Die Exempla aus den Sermones feriales et communes des Jakob von Vitry (= Sammlungen mittellateinischer Texte. 9, ZDB-ID 500169-9). Winter, Heidelberg 1914, (archive.org).
Goswin Frenken, Die Exempla des Jacob von Vitry. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Erzählungsliteratur des Mittelalters (= Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters. vol. 5.1, ZDB-ID 516355-9). Beck, München 1914.
Lettres de Jacques de Vitry ed. R. B. C. Huygens. Leiden, 1960.
Other
Vita b. Mariae Oignies. In: Acta Sanctorum. Junii. vol. 4. Petrus Jacobs, Antwerp 1707, 636–666.
Referencesedit
^Bartlett, Robert (2023). "Jacques de Vitry (d. 1240) and the Religious Life of his Time". History. 108 (379–380): 3–19. doi:10.1111/1468-229X.13345. hdl:10023/27054. ISSN 0018-2648.
^Louis René Bréhier (1910). "Jacques de Vitry". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Fulton, Rachel, and Bruce W. Holsinger. History in the Comic Mode: Medieval Communities and the Matter of Person. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. p. 45.
^Coakley, John W. Women, men, and spiritual power female saints and their male collaborators. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. pg 69
^Decorte, Ronny; Polet, Caroline; et al. (2019-02-22). "An interdisciplinary study around the reliquary of the late cardinal Jacques de Vitry". PLOS ONE. 14 (2): e0201424. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1401424D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201424. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC6386372. PMID 30794540.
^"Parchment Mitre (images)". oignies.collectionkbf.be. from the original on 11 Jan 2019.
^"Photographs of Cardinal Jacques de Vitry, who died in 1240!". Focus on Belgium. 2018-11-29. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
^"Bishop Jacques de VITRY – Visualforensic". Retrieved 2021-03-24.
^Brouillard, Etienne. "Jacques de Vitry a été ré-inhumé à Oignies". www.lasan.be (in French). Retrieved 2021-03-24.
Consistory of December 1228 in Salvador Miranda, The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie dal 1227 al 1254, Padova 1972, pt. I, p. 99-112
External linksedit
Lewis E 138 Historia hierosolymitana (History of Jerusalem) at OPenn
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jacques de Vitry.
Translations of two of Jacques de Vitry's ad status sermons (to those in a military order), at De Rei Militari
Jacques de Vitry: Life of the Students at Paris
December 15, 2023
jacques, vitry, jacobus, vitriaco, 1160, 1240, french, canon, regular, noted, theologian, chronicler, elected, bishop, acre, 1214, made, cardinal, 1229, historia, orientalis, also, known, historia, hierosolymitana, important, source, historiography, crusades, . Jacques de Vitry Jacobus de Vitriaco c 1160 70 1 May 1240 was a French canon regular who was a noted theologian and chronicler of his era He was elected bishop of Acre in 1214 and made cardinal in 1229 His Historia Orientalis also known as Historia Hierosolymitana is an important source for the historiography of the Crusades Seal of Jacques de Vitry as bishop of Acre Contents 1 Biography 2 Reliquary at Oignies 3 Editions 4 References 5 External linksBiography editJacques was born in central France perhaps Reims He was born in 1170 at the latest 1 He studied at the University of Paris becoming a canon regular in 1210 at the Priory of Saint Nicolas d Oignies in the Diocese of Liege a post he maintained until his consecration as bishop in 1216 From 1211 to 1213 he preached the Albigensian Crusade touring France and Germany with William the archdeacon of Paris and recruiting many Crusaders 2 In 1214 Jacques was elected Bishop of Acre He received episcopal consecration and arrived at his see in 1216 He was subsequently heavily involved in the Fifth Crusade participating in the siege of Damietta from 1218 to 1220 In 1219 he began to write the Historia Hierosolymitana a history of the Holy Land from the advent of Islam until the crusades of his own day but only two parts were completed He returned to Europe in 1225 Between 16 April and 29 July 1229 Pope Gregory IX elevated Jacques to the College of Cardinals and transferred him to the suburbicarian see of Frascati With the exception of a short legation to Emperor Frederick II in 1232 he spent his last years working in the papal court He subscribed the papal bulls between 29 July 1229 and 23 June 1239 He died at Rome as Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals His remains were transferred to Oignies and buried there in 1241 From a document issued by Pope Gregory on 14 May 1240 it appears that de Vitry shortly before his death had been elected as the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem but this election was either not ratified by the Pope or he rejected it himself nbsp Manuscript of Sermones Vulgares 13th century by Jacques de VitryAside from the Historia his works include hundreds of sermons and letters to Pope Honorius III He also wrote about the immoral life of the students at the University of Paris and the holy life of the Beguines of Liege in particular his Life of Marie d Oignies whose advice inspired him to become a canon regular 3 Jacques de Vitry was fascinated by the powers held by the beguines such that they were paralleled with the priests of the time yet functioned outside the church proper 4 Although this movement was unrecognized in the church Jacques made appeal to Pope Honorius III to legitimize the work of their community as well as the Liege diocese all France and throughout the Holy Roman Empire 5 Reliquary at Oignies editIn 2015 the CROMIOSS project led by the Archaeological Society of Namur SAN in partnership with several Belgian universities and research institutes undertook an interdisciplinary scientific study around the reliquary of Jacques de Vitry located in the church of Saint Marie d Oigines in Belgium Anthropological isotopic and genetic analyses indicated a high likelihood that the remains were in fact those of Jacques de Vitry 6 His unique parchment mitre was also analysed 7 Forensic work on the skull supplemented with DNA evidence also allowed for the creation of a visual reconstruction of what the bishop might have looked like 8 9 The remains were reinterred at Oignies in 2019 10 Editions editHistoriographyOrientalis et occidentalis Historia ed F Moschi ex officina typographica Balthazaris Belleri Douai 1596 archive org online facsimile Historia Hierosolimitana ed Jacques Bongars in Gesta Dei Per Francos Sive Orientalium Expeditionum Et Regni Francorum Hierosolimitani Historia 1611 online facsimile John Frederick Hinnebusch ed The Historia occidentalis of Jacques de Vitry A Critical Edition Spicilegium Friburgense Texte zur Geschichte des kirchlichen Lebens vol 17 ISSN 0561 6158 The University Press Fribourg 1972 Jacques de Vitry Historia Orientalis ed Jean Donnadieu 2008 Translations Abridged and incomplete translation to English The Abbreviated History of Jerusalem A D 1180 by Jacques de Vitry Palestine Pilgrims Text Society vol 11 no 2 ZDB ID 2224954 0 translated by Aubrey Stewart year 1896 French translation Histoire des croisades par Jacques de Vitry translated by Francois Guizot year 1825SermonsSermones de tempore Kreuzherrenkonvent Dusseldorf 1486 Digitized Sermones de Tempore In aedibus viduae amp haeredum Ioannis Steelsij Antwerpen 1575 Iacobus de Vitriaco Sermones vulgares vel ad status I ed J Longere Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis 255 Turnhout Brepols Publishers 2013 ISBN 978 2 503 54532 5 Sermones vulgares In Analecta Novissima Spicilegii solesmensis Disseruit Joannes Baptista Pitra Band 2 Typis Tusculanis Paris 1888 excerpts The Exempla or Illustrative Stories from the Sermones Vulgares of Jacques de Vitry Publications of the Folk Lore Society 26 ZDB ID 401527 7 Edited with introduction analysis and notes by Thomas Frederick Crane Nutt London 1890 archive org Joseph Greven ed Die Exempla aus den Sermones feriales et communes des Jakob von Vitry Sammlungen mittellateinischer Texte 9 ZDB ID 500169 9 Winter Heidelberg 1914 archive org Goswin Frenken Die Exempla des Jacob von Vitry Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Erzahlungsliteratur des Mittelalters Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters vol 5 1 ZDB ID 516355 9 Beck Munchen 1914 LettersReinhold Rohricht ed Briefe In Zeitschrift fur Kirchengeschichte vol 14 1894 97 118 vol 15 1895 vol 568 587 vol 16 1896 72 114 Lettres de Jacques de Vitry ed R B C Huygens Leiden 1960 OtherVita b Mariae Oignies In Acta Sanctorum Junii vol 4 Petrus Jacobs Antwerp 1707 636 666 References edit Bartlett Robert 2023 Jacques de Vitry d 1240 and the Religious Life of his Time History 108 379 380 3 19 doi 10 1111 1468 229X 13345 hdl 10023 27054 ISSN 0018 2648 Peter of les Vaux de Cernay Historia Albigensis 285 It was perhaps during this preaching campaign that he met Bishop Foulques of Toulouse cf Guillaume de Puylaurens Chronica 28 Louis Rene Brehier 1910 Jacques de Vitry In Catholic Encyclopedia 8 New York Robert Appleton Company Fulton Rachel and Bruce W Holsinger History in the Comic Mode Medieval Communities and the Matter of Person New York Columbia University Press 2007 p 45 Coakley John W Women men and spiritual power female saints and their male collaborators New York Columbia University Press 2006 pg 69 Decorte Ronny Polet Caroline et al 2019 02 22 An interdisciplinary study around the reliquary of the late cardinal Jacques de Vitry PLOS ONE 14 2 e0201424 Bibcode 2019PLoSO 1401424D doi 10 1371 journal pone 0201424 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 6386372 PMID 30794540 Parchment Mitre images oignies collectionkbf be Archived from the original on 11 Jan 2019 Photographs of Cardinal Jacques de Vitry who died in 1240 Focus on Belgium 2018 11 29 Retrieved 2021 03 24 Bishop Jacques de VITRY Visualforensic Retrieved 2021 03 24 Brouillard Etienne Jacques de Vitry a ete re inhume a Oignies www lasan be in French Retrieved 2021 03 24 Consistory of December 1228 in Salvador Miranda The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Agostino Paravicini Bagliani Cardinali di curia e familiae cardinalizie dal 1227 al 1254 Padova 1972 pt I p 99 112External links editLewis E 138 Historia hierosolymitana History of Jerusalem at OPenn nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jacques de Vitry Translations of two of Jacques de Vitry s ad status sermons to those in a military order at De Rei MilitariJacques de Vitry Life of the Students at Paris Jacques de Vitry s parchment mitre the only one of its kind that has survived Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jacques de Vitry amp oldid 1181108525, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
